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Exploring Multiple Modernities, Case Study for Granada, Nicaragua

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Exploring Multiple Modernities, Case Study for Granada, Nicaragua Academic year 2010-2011 EXPLORING MULTIPLE MODERNITIES, CASE STUDY FOR GRANADA, NICARAGUA: The emergence of a Localized Modernity in a Context of International Retirement Migration Reyes Rocha, Francisco Alfredo Promotor: Prof. Alberto Arce Thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the joint academic degree of International Master of Science in Rural Development from Ghent University (Belgium), Agrocampus Ouest (France), Humboldt University of Berlin (Germany), Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra (Slovakia) and University of Pisa (Italy) in collaboration with Wageningen University (The Netherlands), This thesis was elaborated and defended at Wageningen University within the framework of the European Erasmus Mundus Programme “Erasmus Mundus International Master of Science in Rural Development” (Course N° 2004-0018/001- FRAME MUNB123) Certification This is an unpublished M.Sc. thesis and is not prepared for further distribution. The author and the promoter give the permission to use this thesis for consultation and to copy parts of it for personal use. Every other use is subject to the copyright laws, more specifically the source must be extensively specified when using results from this thesis. The Promoter The Author Arce, Aberto Reyes Rocha, Francisco Alfredo Thesis online access release I hereby authorize the IMRD secretariat to make this thesis available on line on the IMRD website The Author Reyes Rocha, Francisco Alfredo VI Abstract This thesis explores the undergoing transformations in the city of Granada, Nicaragua, focusing on the changes triggered by the arrival of retirees into the community. The city of Granada has been promoted as a tourist destination and as a retirement heaven for later-life migrants coming from North America. This study explores these transformations and tries to find the personal motivations to move Granada and the changes that the community is experiencing. The theory of multiple modernities provides the elements to analyze the transformations in Granada since it focuses on understanding the emergence of localised modernities based on the ongoing process in the community. This line of thinking focuses on the careful analysis of localised practices and in the ongoing reworking of modernity from within highlighting the importance of the encounter of Western visions of modernity and how this ideas of modernity are then reinterpreted and re-embedded in a particular location. Thereby, this study focuses on two particular processes that have triggered the transformations in Granada: International Retirement Migration and Granada as a contested touristic site. Moreover, the use of narratives is essential for the development of this study since this method provides the opportunity to obtain different points of view and different interpretations to the same phenomena, facilitating the emergence of contrasting opinions and enabling the identification of conflicts inside the community. The identification of conflicts highlights the rough edges of a transformation process. Those rough edges are the impurities that denote the emergence of multiple modernities and are the points of negotiation in a localised modernity. VII VIII Acknowledgements The author would like to acknowledge the important contribution and supervision of Alberto Arce in the realization of this research. Also, this study and the conclusion of this master program would have not been possible without the financial support of the International Master in Rural Development coordinated by Gent University in Belgium and the guidance provided by all the collaborators of the program in the countries visited. The field research would have not been possible without the cooperation of the people in Granada who had the time and patience to answer the questions and did an extra effort by providing other contacts who could be interested in contributing with this study. I would like to thank my mother and my brothers Erwin and Guillermo for their unconditional support throughout all these years away from home. Finally special thanks to the friends who took their time to read and correct my document providing me with useful comments and suggestions to present this study. IX X Table of Contents Abstract ........................................................................................................................ VII Acknowledgements ....................................................................................................... IX List of figures .............................................................................................................. XIII List of tables ............................................................................................................... XIII List of pictures ............................................................................................................ XIII Abbreviations and acronyms .................................................................................... XIV 1. Introduction ............................................................................................................. 1 1.1. Problem statement ............................................................................................. 1 1.2. Research objectives and research questions ..................................................... 2 1.3. Background ....................................................................................................... 3 1.3.1. The department of Granada ...................................................................... 3 1.3.2. Geographical location ............................................................................... 5 1.3.3. The Touristic Activity ............................................................................... 6 1.3.4. Historical development of Granada in a quick glance .............................. 8 1.4. Thesis Outline ................................................................................................. 10 2. Analytical Framework and Research Methods .................................................. 12 2.1. Introduction ..................................................................................................... 12 2.2. Theoretical Concepts and Frames ................................................................... 12 2.2.1. From modernity to multiple modernities and localised modernities ...... 12 2.2.2. International Retirement Migration ........................................................ 19 2.2.3. Contested touristic sites .......................................................................... 22 2.2.4. Key concepts ........................................................................................... 23 2.3. Analytical framework ..................................................................................... 24 2.4. Research Methods ........................................................................................... 26 2.4.1. Data collection ........................................................................................ 26 2.4.2. Data Analysis .......................................................................................... 28 3. Moving to Granada: the local-foreigners ........................................................... 29 3.1. Introduction ..................................................................................................... 29 3.2. Old Granada during the retirees’ boom .......................................................... 29 3.3. Reasons to move to Granada on foreigners’ narratives .................................. 30 3.4. The local-foreigners: examples of double engagement .................................. 33 3.4.1. Building New Hope ................................................................................ 33 3.4.2. Olé Boutique ........................................................................................... 34 3.4.3. Existing projects and characteristics ....................................................... 35 3.5. People agency: the local-foreigners’ motivations to help ............................... 37 3.6. The locals’ perspective about the developmental initiatives .......................... 39 3.7. Conclusions ..................................................................................................... 40 4. The Gated Community a Metaphor for Granada ............................................. 41 4.1. Introduction ..................................................................................................... 41 4.2. The Gated Community as a metaphor ............................................................ 41 4.3. The Historical Center as a Gated Community ................................................ 42 4.3.1. Casa de Apoyo Mutuo (House of Mutual Support) ................................ 45 XI 4.4. Conclusions ..................................................................................................... 48 5. Contested touristic places and other potentials for conflicts ............................. 49 5.1. Introduction ..................................................................................................... 49 5.2. Contested touristic spaces: Granada ................................................................ 49 5.3. Child prostitution ............................................................................................. 50 5.4. Conclusions ....................................................................................................
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