Washington University Medical Alumni Quarterly, April 1951
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Washington University School of Medicine Digital Commons@Becker Washington University Medical Alumni Quarterly Washington University Publications 4-1951 Washington University Medical Alumni Quarterly, April 1951 Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.wustl.edu/med_alumni_quarterly Recommended Citation Washington University Medical Alumni Quarterly, April 1951. Bernard Becker Medical Library Archives. Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri. http://digitalcommons.wustl.edu/med_alumni_quarterly/53 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Washington University Publications at Digital Commons@Becker. It has been accepted for inclusion in Washington University Medical Alumni Quarterly by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons@Becker. For more information, please contact [email protected]. u 2nd SET WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY MEDICAL ALUMNI QUARTERLY ^*«™#fe » ,*■: Published in the Interest of the University and the Alumni % 4l • The Challenge of Cancer Chemotherapy Alfred Gellhorn, M.D. (Second M. G. Seelig Lecture) • David P. Wohl, Jr., Memorial Hospital Under Construction • 1951 Alumni Reunion — June 1 t Vol. XIV APRIL, 195 1 No. 3 OFFICERS OF THE ALUMNI ASSOCIATION OF WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE President: James Barrett Brown, M.D. '23 Vice-President: A. N. Arneson, M.D. '28 Vice-President: Wendell G. Scott, M.D. '32 Secretary-Treasurer: George W. Ittner, M.D. '37 EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE Term Expires 1951 Term Expires 1952 Term Expires 1953 Sim F. Beam, M.D. '32 Walter Baumgarten, Jr., Grace E. Bergner, M.D. '43 Delevan Calkins, M.D. '31 M.D. '39 Charles W. Duden, M.D. '26 Guy M. Magness, M.D. *28 Joseph C. Jaudon, M.D. '33 Arthur T. Esslinger, M.D. '40 Oscar C. Zink, M.D. '21 David N. Kerr, M.D. *40 Virgil 0. Fish, M.D. '30 A. Victor Reese, M.D. '28 EDITORIAL BOARD WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY MEDICAL ALUMNI QUARTERLY Representing the University: Representing the Alumni: Robert J. Terry, M.D. '95 Louis H. Jorstad, M.D. '24 Alexis F. Hartmann, M.D. '21 James W. Bagby, M.D. '33 Paul 0. Hagemann, M.D. '34 Leo J. Wade, M.D. '38 Robert A. Moore, M.D., Editor Office of the Washington University Medical Alumni Quarterly, Euclid and Kingshighway, St. Louis 10, Missouri Published quarterly by Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis 10, Mo. Entered as second class matter December 14, 1937, at the Post Office at St. Louis, Mo., under the act of August 24, 1912. The Washington University Medical Alumni Quarterly VOL. XIV APRIL, 1951 No. 3 THE CHALLENGE OF CANCER CHEMOTHERAPY Alfred Gellhorn, M.D. (From the Medical Service, Francis Delafield Hospital, and the Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York) This address was delivered at Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis Mo on March 7, 1951, as the second M. G. Seelig Lecture, in honor of Dr. Major G. Seelig professor emeritus of clinical surgery. Dr. Gellhorn is a 1937 graduate of Washington University School of Medicine. It is a privilege to participate with broad economic, social, and health you in this expression of affection and problems of this city. As a tireless respect for Dr. Major Seelig. Dr. worker on the Board of the People's Seelig's boundless energy, keen insight Hospital, Dr. Seelig made a major con- and broad experience brought him to tribution to the improvement of com- preeminence in both clinical surgery munity relationships. This only partial and scientific research. Dr. Graham has list of Dr. Seelig's activities is an im- reviewed some of the medical contribu- pressive measure of the man, and the tions made by Dr. Seelig, and many of work that he has done is a living memo- us in a variety of medical disciplines rial to him. have made use of the knowledge that Dr. Seelig recognized many chal- tie added. Besides the well-deserved rec- lenges in his professional and commu- 3gnition that Dr. Seelig has won in his nity life and met them successfully. To- jrofession, it is also to be recalled that night I wish to discuss with you one his stature was great as a citizen of this phase of a problem which bristles with community. To mention but a few of challenges. Dr. Seelig's extrascientific activities, we can remember that he was a founder of THE CHALLENGE OF CANCER the Liberal Forum, an important me- CHEMOTHERAPY dium of adult education in St. Louis; The chemotherapy of cancer is ages and he was a long- time and construc- old. Long before the development of tive member of the Public Library the techniques of radical surgery and Board. As a member of the Social the methods of irradiation, malignant Planning Council and founder of the disease was treated by drugs in a variety Blue Cross Hospitalization Insurance of forms. The approach was character- Dlan, he gave generously and skillfully ized by the application of naive and of his talents toward the solution of erroneous concepts and the therapeutic 84 WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY results were uniformly bad. When it other hand, is qualitatively indistin- was demonstrated that certain malig- guishable from the normal cells of the nant diseases could be cured by surgery body and no innate restrictive defenses and/or radiotherapy and when critical are mobilized against it. A distin- laboratory and clinical evaluations were guished scientist who had devoted his made of cancer remedies such as crab life to experimental cancer research soup, purgation, blood-cleansing po- took cognizance of the basic difficulties tions, heavy metals externally and in- which theoretically raise the odds im- ternally administered and black or red pressively against successful chemother- pastes, cancer chemotherapy fell into apy of malignant disease when he said well justified disrepute. that the problem of treatment with chemical compounds is "almost — not During the past half-century, how- quite, but almost—as hard as finding ever, the accumulated experience with some agent that will dissolve away the conventional surgical and irradiation left ear, yet leave the right ear un- treatment has taught the medical pro- harmed : so slight is the difference be- fession that there still is a desperate tween the cancer cell and its normal need for additional therapeutic weap- ancestor." ons in the management of human ma- lignancy. With this realization atten- In spite of the obvious obstacles to tion is once again focused on the poten- a chemotherapeutic solution of cancer tialities of chemotherapy and vast ef- and in spite of the understandable skep- forts in this field are in progress. ticism of many, the challenge presented by the practical problem of the med- A powerful stimulus to research in ical management of disseminated malig- cancer chemotherapy has been the dra- nant disease is so great that all efforts matic successes achieved by anti-micro- must be made to meet it. Tonight I wish bial chemotherapy. The demonstration to evaluate with you some phases of that a chemical compound can selec- modern cancer chemotherapy to deter- tively destroy an invading micro-organ- mine whether there are as yet any ism has spurred the hope that a similar auspicious signs for the future. effect on the neoplastic cell may be achieved. Sober reflection of the com- At this time it must be recognized parative difficulties posed by the ther- that there are no drugs now available apy of infection and of cancer leads to which completely eradicate any malig- the realization that there are a number nant disease. There are, however, chem- of fundamental differences in the two ical compounds which modify the problems. Probably the most striking course of certain malignant tumors and difference is that in microbial infections which are indicated in the clinical care the offending invader is foreign to the of patients with these tumors. host and efficient defense mechanisms The important observations of Hug- provide strong support to supplement gins and his associates, which led to the and complement the effects of thera- recognition that malignant prostatic epi- peutic drugs; the malignant cell, on the thelium requires male sex hormone for ■■ MEDICAL ALUMNI QUARTERLY 85 its survival, have firmly established es- Let us consider first the nitrogen mus- trogens as a part of androgen-control tards which were introduced into the therapy of disseminated cancer of the therapeutic management of malignant prostate. Both estrogens and androgens disease by Gilman and Goodman at have found application in the palliative Yale and Jacobson and Spurr at the treatment of metastatic breast carci- University of Chicago in 1942. The de- noma and the relief of bone pain, velopments which led to the clinical improvement in appetite and sense of study of this agent are closely linked to well-being which may follow their ad- the history of dichloroethyl sulfide, the ministration is of significant importance dreaded "mustard gas" of World War I. to the patient. The pituitary adrenal In 1886 a German chemist, Victor cortical stimulating hormone and corti- Meyer, described the properties of this sone have been found to produce re- latter compound. Meyer appreciated missions in acute leukemia, particularly the highly toxic local actions of the sul- of children, with some regularity and fide because he and his associates in have also been reported to benefit pa- the laboratory sustained severe skin tients with lymphomas and multiple contact-burns from working with the myeloma. Urethane may substitute for chemical compound; in addition, Meyer radiotherapy in the treatment of chronic noted that following the administration leukemias and perhaps more impor- of small doses parenterally to rabbits, tantly it can be used to modify the the material produced death rapidly. course of multiple myeloma in a signif- The toxicological properties of this icant proportion of cases.