August 17, 1972 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 28975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS TI..LINOIS VOLUNTEER TUTORS HELP I invite my colleagues to join me in I am pleased to share with my colleagues CHTI..DREN LEARN TO READ commending the thousands of volunteers at this time. in Tilinois and in the many other States [From the New York Times, Aug. 14, 1972] participating in the National Reading HON. ROMAN C. PUCINSKI A NEW PROBLEM: THE METHADONE ADDICT Center tutor training program. (By James M. Markham) OF ILLINOIS I express my thanks and appreciation IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES In New York and other large metropolitan to the volunteers at work in the 70 pub­ areas, methadone-maintenance prograinS are Wednesday, August 16, 1972 lic and parochial school systems of my rapidly expanding and reaching out to help State. The following organizations are thousands of heroin addicts But at the same Mr. PUCINSKI. Mr. Speaker, I am among the many supporting this en­ time controversy hounds methadone because proud to report that the citizens of illi­ deavor to give reading help to the chil­ more people-frequently nonaddicts-are nois are taking imaginative and impor­ dren of Illinois: dying from overdoses of the drug, while an tant action to meet the reading crisis in uncertain number of others are becoming ORGANIZATIONS SUPPORTING TuTOR-TRAINING primary methadone addicts, bypassing this Nation. IN READING FOR ILLINOIS CHILDREN They have begun a statewide volunteer heroin. Council of Community Services of Metro­ As a result, a debate is bullding over the tutor effort to assist our boys and girls politan Chicago, Chicago Housing Authority, to learn to read. controls that should govern the dispensation Englewood Urban Progress Center, Lutheran of methadone. While physicians involved ii This Nation's reading problem is seri­ Welfare Services of Illinois, Northwest Cook methadone Inaintenance argue they are be­ ous. County Volunteer Services Bureau, Operation ing hobbled by Federal regulations, those Teachers estimate that 43 percent of Word Power, Voluntary Action Center, Wood­ who would regulate them insist that the the children in America's primary schools lawn Urban Progress Center, University of Jekyll-Hyde properties of the synthetic opi­ need special help with reading problems. Illinois, Menard Branch of the AAUW, Moline ate dictate extreme caution Educators tell us that 8 million school­ Association for Children with Learning Dis­ "Pilot studies of the data indicate a steady abilities, Governors' Commission on Volun­ rise in the number of primary methadone children need reading help, and that 1 tary Action, Illinois State Library, East St. out of 20 is held back a grade each year, addicts over the past three years," observed Louis Project Outreach Libraries, Prairie City Dr. Jerome H. Jaffe, head of the Special Ac­ usually because of reading problems. Parent Teacher Organization, Retired Teach­ tion Office for Drug Abuse Prevention in Mr. Speaker, America's teachers and ers Association and Shamel Manor No. 2 Shel­ Washington. schools cannot alone supply the time, ter Care Home. · "The problem is small in terms of the talent, and funds to meet this problem. heroin problem," he added. "but, in terms But citizen volunteer tutors dedicated of trends, it indicates that substantial efforts and well trained, working under super­ are going to be needed to bring it under vision of the classroom teacher, can pro­ SKYROCKETING METHADONE control." vide our children with the individual ADDICTION Like others in the tangled field of addiction treatment, Dr. Jaffe notes that methadone, assistance needed. which is now dispensed to an estimated total This approach is now underway in my of 85,000 addicts in some 450 prograinS across State of illinois, sponsored by Dr. Michael HON. CHARLES B. RANGEL the country, has been an important rehabili­ Bakalis and his State department of ed­ OF NEW YORK tative tool, enabling many addicts to resume ucation, with the cooperation of the Na­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES normal lives. But, as methadone programs continue to expand at a galloping pace, he tional Reading Center, of Washington, Wednesday, August 16, 1"972 D.C. sees a need for a balanced approach. Two tutor-training workshops recently Mr. RANGEL. Mr. Speaker, one of the "We are aware of both the necessity for were held in Chicago and Springfield, in­ tragic offshoots of our unsuccessful at­ expanding and the need for further controls tempt to rehabilitate the estimated 560,- to prevent diversion," Dr. Jaffe said. volving 255 volunteer reading tutor­ At the heart of the methadone debate is trainers and coordinators from through­ 000 heroin addicts in the United States the issue of "diversion" of methadone from out our State. is that we are presently relying on a drug legitimate prograinS to the street. where More than 70 Illinois public and paro­ as dangerous and addictive as heroin it­ addict-patients retail it to a varied clientele chial school districts were represented self-methadone--to treat 85,000 of our of genuine heroin addicts, poly-drug abusers in these workshops. The National Read­ addicts. and simple experimenters. ing Center provides the tutor training I am deeply troubled by methadone The following handful of recent develop­ maintenance and by the thought that we ments highlights the nature of the diversion program at no cost to the volunteers. controversy: Thus far, the workshops have been held are depending on one drug whose long­ Dr. Robert T. Dale, who operated one of in 20 States and 5 metropolitan areas. range effects on the human body are the largest private methadone programs :t1 They are available to all States in the still unknown to treat those addicted to New York, has, along with his wife, been Nation. another drug. Unfortunately, until re­ declared a fugitive from justice. A warrant The trained volunteers from these search efforts to develop nonaddictive for his arrest was issued after agents of the workshops have now returned to their heroin antagonists are completed and .as Bureau of Narcotics and Dangerous Drugs home communities. They are teaching long as certain panicking politicians call said they had discovered that Dr. Dale was unable to account for 55,000 40-milligra.m other volunteers how to tutor primary­ for heroin maintenance programs, we methadone wafers. One or two wafers could grade children in reading when school have little choice but to accept metha­ maintain an addict for a day. The legitimate begins this fall. done as one modality for treating addic­ price of a wafer is 4 cents; on the street one The future of American democracy tion. costs from $5 to $10. depends upon the American people's ca­ out of the growing use of methadone Dr. Elio Maggio, a psychiatrist who ran pacity for mature and rational decision. under medical supervision has sprung a private methadone program in the Bronx, The ability to read is essential to a strong an increasing diversion of methadone in­ was indicted for selling sizable quantities and progressive nation. of the drug to six undercover agents who to illegal channels. Certain unethical reportedly told him they were not even Every man, woman, and child in the physicians and pharmacists are also United States has a right to read. We heroin addicts. The psychiatrist, who alleg­ growing rich from dispensing methadone edly passed methadone to his customers must work to assure the reality of that with the knowledge that it is destined through a slit in the door of his office, grossed right, and we must begin our work with for the black market. As a result, meth­ $3,000 durir:.g a monitored two-day period, our children. according to the Bronx District Attorney's As a member of the National Reading adone overdose deaths are skyrocketing and may soon overtake the heroin over­ office. Council, the body dedicated to the elim­ In Hudson County, N.J., Dr. Sidney A. ination of illiteracy in this Nation during dose death rate. Nelson, a Union City physician, and Josepb. this decade of the 1970's, I am particu­ Jim Markham, a journalist who spe­ Klausner, a pharmacist, were indicted for larly proud of the lead that illinois citi­ cializes in covering the problems of the selling and filling prescriptions for metha­ zens are taking in this national volunteer drug epidemic, has written an excellent done for more than 1,000 "patients." effort. article on the methadone addict which In the first seven months of 1972, there cxvm--1825-Part 22 28976 :EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 'August 17, 1972 have been a.t least IY7 methadone overdose "The connection's motive is obvious-he With your perntission, and for the in­ deaths in New York City, according to the can sell the inexpensive methadone, ob­ forDlation of all of those who read the Office of the Chief Medical Examiner. In all tained usually more or less directly from CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, I WOuld like to of 1971, there were about 20. local methadone clinics, in place of heroin In Washington, methadone has been al­ which he would have to obtain from abroad insert this article on Dr. Parlberg's find­ most as lethal a.s heroin this year. In the first through many price-multiplying middle­ ings: six months, 19 people have died from heroin men,'' the Haight-Ashbury study found. NONFOOD ITEMS IN SUPER MARKET BASKET overdoses, 17 from methadone overdoses and The methadone black market, it is argued, Have you ever sat down and figured what 13 from a. combination of the two drugs, iS a fairly benign phenomenon as long as its percent of your supermarket dollar iS spent according to Dr. James Luke, the capital's clientele is restricted to established heroin for nonfood items? Dr. Don Parlberg, direc­ Chief Medical Examiner. In 1971, eight per­ addicts. But, in addition to the methadone tor of economics for the USDA, has; and he sons died from methadone overdoses. overdose deaths, there is other disquieting determined that 28 cents out of every dollar Confirming what appears to be a pattern evidence of primary methadone addiction. is spent for nonfood items. The breakdown in many methadone overdose deaths arou!ld SITUATION IN DETROIT is as follows: the_country, notably in New York, Dr. Lulte Percent Dr. George Wilson, special assistant to the Food items ______72. 3 said: "These are younger people, most of Michigan Director of Mental Health, said them are teen-agers. Many of them take the Alcohol1c beverages------~------5. 0 methadone orally, although some of them that this spring methadone-maintenance programs in Detroit began seeing a new type Pet food------1.2 inject it." of "addict"-with no track marks, no estab­ Tobacco------4.0 "It's hard to say whether they're addicts or Health and bea.uty aids------3. 6 not," Dr. Luke continued. "What is an lished history of ac;ldiction, no morphine in the body. Soap and laundry supplies------2. 4 addict? But there's a paucit; of track Paper products and foiL______1. 7 marks-they are not New York City addicts.'' "What we found was that a huge propor­ tion-more than two-thirds-did not have a Housewares, etc______2. 1 FOUND IN AUTOPSIES clear history of heroin addiction,'' Dr. Wil­ Magazines and books______. 3 Around the co"Q.Iltry, in addition to record­ son said. "Some of them appear to be metha­ Miscellaneous ------7. 4 ing a. growing number of methadone fatali­ done addicts, people who were buying str.eet Let's not point our finger at food prices and ties, medical examiners and coroners are methadone.'' ignore the rest of the items in the shopping finding methadone in the bodies of addicts Detroit, which is thought to have perhaps basket. and drug abusers-along with heroin, bar­ the highest addiction rate per capita in the biturates and alcohol-indicating that the nation, has a long, unhappy and continuing synthetic opiate has joined the pharmaco­ history of badly run methadone programs FACT SHEET 0N MENTAL ILLNESS IN - poeia of the street. that have fueled a bulging black market for CHILDREN If a. nonaddict takes methadone orally or the drug. by injection, it produces a. heroin-like eu­ "What's bothering me,'' said Dr. Wilson, phoria, lending methadone a. high potential "is that we may be on the verge of creating HON. MICHAEL HARRINGTON for abuse by kicks-seeking drug users. Only a new generation of methadone addicts." OF MASSACHUSETTS when methadone is administered in regular, NEW FEDERAL REGULATIONS oral doses to a stabilized, tolerant individual IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Equally bothered by that possibility, the does it produce little or no euphoria. Wednesday, August 16, 1972 In a study of 95 heroin addicts in Brook­ Food and Drug Administration is honing a lyn's Bedford-Stuy"esant section, Dr. Carl D. new set of regulations that will probably Mr. HARRINGTON. Mr. Speaker, to­ Chambers rep.orts that 87 said they -had been restrict the numBer of private methadone day, in IllY weekly insert .on Dlental ill­ offered an opportunity to buy illicit metha- progra~-;-by insisting on higher, more ex­ pensive standards-which some officials feel ness, I aDl including a fact sheet on . done in tlie previous six months ~nd .tha-t 53 _mental jllness in children. The mental said they had in fact purcha.Sed street metha­ have been responsible for some of the most done, with the inajority of them stating that blatant instances of diversion. health issue has been one that has been the drug was always available in their neigh- The .: new regulations are also expected to much discussed throughout the country. . borhoods. · restrict -tak<.-home )!.rivileges for new patients However, many people are not aware of The primary auppliers of street methadone, who have not. established their "trustworthi­ what :rpental illness really ·is. Also, the according to the interviewed addicts, were :pess· ~ -a proposal that irritates some inetha- .events of recent weeks have shown that . done adm~nistrators, particularly in New other addicts who had "take- home.·~ priv­ .Americans continue to discriminate ileges from ambulatory maintenance pro­ ' York. , against their fellowman who has re­ grams. The addicts gave several reasons for "The regulatory agencies are losing them­ buying methadone: to insure against with­ selves in a morass of unenforceable rules," ceived some form of mental health treat­ drawal (41 per cent), to "boost" other drugs commented Dr. Vincent Dole of the Rocke­ ment. A main element of this discrimina­ and enhance their euphoric effects ( 40 per feller University, who p~oneered the use of tion, like any discrtDlination, is ignor­ cent), to "clean up" or detoxify themselves methadone in addict rehabilitation. "The key ance. It is IllY intent today to help clear (17 per cent) and to resell to others (2 per thing is to control the r ..tio of patients and the air on soDle of the facts of mental cent). doctors-to make 3P. ~e programs don't get · illness in children. too large." PROBLEM OF BLACK MARKET Mentally ill children are those chil­ The methadone black market has become dren whose progressive personality de­ sufficiently widespread to cushion the effects NONFOOD ITEMS IN SUPERMARKET velopment is interfered with or arrested of heroin shortages on the street, according BASKET by a variety of factors so that they show to some narcotics law-enforcement officials. an iDlpairme:at in the capacity expected While the East Coast is currently facing a heroin shortage, addicts, particularly in New of them for their age. These impairments York, have not been flooding rehabilitation HON. JOHN M. ZWACH include a lack of a reasonably 9.ccurate programs as they have in past "panic" OF MINNESOTA perception of the world around the child, periods. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES a lack of impulse control, unsatisfying And when the heroin market is tight, the and unsatisfactory relations with others, value of methadone rises. Last month two Wednesday, August 16, 1972 an incapacity for learning, or any com­ men in stocking masks held up the metha­ Mr. ZWACH. Mr. Speaker, we hear· bination of these. done program at Francis Delafield Hospital constant references froDl consurnners Most Americans view mental illness a.s in Washington Heights, getting away with about the increasing cost of their gro­ 17,000 milligrams of the drug-worth more untreatable. Some do not even consider than $2,000 on the street. ceries and immediately son1eone has the it a valid illness. L'1. 1970 alone, over 150,- In San Francisco, researchers associated idea that our food producers are Dlaking 000 children sought treatment at the with the Haight-Ashbury Free Medical too much profit. community mental health centers, but Clinic reported that transplanted "New York I have previously called attention to only 10 percent received treatment. Esti­ junkies, with habits bred in a methadone the fact that in general the food pro­ mates are as high as 10 million young boom town, are found to be more methadone ducer is still getting paid at the level of Americans under the age of 25 who need oriented" than their West Coast counter­ 20 years ago, while all the costs between some psychotherapeutic help.· One out of parts. the producers' gates and the supermarket every 10 young people or one out of every The researchers also found that the flour­ cash register have been escalating. 10 Americans for that matter are afflicted ishing black market for the synthetic opiate had spawned a new, pathetic species of ad­ I recently read an article by Dr. Don with mental health problems that require dict-"the phony-heroin consumer"-who iS Parlberg of the U.S. Department of Agri­ specialized services. sold methadone by street-wise California culture that further pointed out that 28 Other factors involved in mental ill­ junkie-pushers who maintain they are re­ cents of every grocery dollar is spent on ness in children include: tailing the real thing. nonfood iteDls. First, boys outnumber girls 2 to 1 tn August 17, 1972 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 28977 admissions to psychiatric hospitals and ing at the barre in the prize-winning their game and perhaps. their very existence once they are hospitalized, they remain "Three Preludes." He is a principal dan­ might be threatened. cer with the National Ballet for the 1972- "There were attempts to lull us, the people longer.. . of Noatak, Kivalina and Point Hope,'' re­ Second, most of the children in State 73 season. counts editor Rock who was born in Point and county mental hospitals are over 10 It is no wonder that at the age of 20 Hope. "We were wheedled with rewards of with more than half between the ages Dennis Poole has gained recognition by acclaim from science and the peoples of the of 15 and 17. the national critics. Mr. Poole has be­ world if we would agree to go along with These statistics do not say much, Mr. come a ·~part of the young American 'Project Chariot.' Speaker, until we realize that we are promise." Texas and especially our Dal­ "We, the people of the three villages, did dealing with human lives. We are con­ las community is proud to have our local not go for the enticements. We chose to re­ cerned with people, not pure numbers cr son achieve rank as No. 1 in the world main in our home villages come what may. The love for our homes, however humble, percentages. I have introduced H.R. ballet. and the deep sense heritage prevailed ..." 16154, the Mental Health Act of 1972 and To defend this heritage an unprecedented intend to reintroduce it tomorrow with meeting of Eskimo leaders from 20 villages more than 40 cosponsors. The services THE TUNDRA TIMES-A TRIBUTE was held in the fall of 1961. It was called covered under that bill will help to relieve "Inupiat Paitot"-The People's Heritage. the mental health problems that plague Until this time there had been little com­ young and old Americans regardless of HON. NICK BEGICH munication between native communities and cost. It is time, Mr. Speaker, that these OF ALASKA even less between natives and whites. Major people receive the proper treatment and IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Alaskan newspapers seldom carried news of Indians and Eskimos and showed little con­ without any stigma attached to thelr Wednesday, August 16, 1972 cern for the problems of native people. seeking help. Mr. BEGICH. Mr. Speaker, there are As a result of Inupiat Paitot, it was de­ many things about Alaska of which I am cided the native people must have a voice of extremely proud, but few of which I am their own-a newspaper. To found it, Eskimo leaders chose Rock, then a well-known ar­ TEXAN POOLE TOPS BALLET so proud as the Tundra Times. This small tist who was fluent in English but had no newspaper, devot-ed to the Natives of writing experience, and Tom Snapp, the only Alaska, is simply one of the best things white journalist in the state who had been HON. JAMES M. COLLINS about the State. interested enough to cover the meeting. OF TEXAS I have recently received an excellent Funding for the enterprise was to be in­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES history of the Tundra Times which I vestigated by the late LaVerne Madigan, then would like to share with my colleagues. director of the Association on American In­ Wed~esday, August 16, 1972 I am fully aware that many items are put dian Affairs, who helped organize Inupiat Mr. COLLINS of Texas. Mr. Speake:&, in the REcORD for such attention, but Paitot. is At the outset the project seemed impos­ Dallas proud to see her sons achieve never really receive it. Let me just· say sible. Either it failed to fit foundation speci­ leadership in all fields. The most recent that I think you will all find this one of fications or philanthropists required elabo­ triumph was Dennis Poole. Dallas is a the most interesting stories you have rate proposals that would have cost several center of cultw·e. This young Texan, read. thousand dollars to prepare. Poole, won recognition as the best in bal­ The history follows: Finally, in desperation, Miss Madigan vol­ let. He and his partner, Michelle Lees, A SURVIVAL STORY unteered the names of her five richest board danced their way to fame and first prize members and turned up a winner. Dr. Henry (By Lael Morgan) S. Forbes of Milton, Mass., headed the list. at the Sixth International Ballet Com­ One of the most astonishing survival pe~ition at Varna, Bulgaria, July 11 He was a retired physician, a descendant of stories of the Far North is that of the Tundra Ralph Waldo Emerson and well ahead of through 25. This competition, long Times. This fall the little Eskimo-Indian time in concern for aboriginal rights. viewed abroad as the "olympics" of the newspaper celebrates its lOth year of publi­ Rock wrote him a formal, rather stilted dance world, attracted competitors from cation, flourishing in the financial wasteland letter and the answer-long in coming-was 21 countries. of the Arctic on an erratic circulation that a question: Mr. Poole and Miss Lees along with wavers between 1,500 and 5,000. "What do you need a newspaper for and other members of .Washington's National More remarkable is the influence exerted what are the issues?" · Ballet Company are to be commended by this hardy weekly and its Eskimo editor, Rock left the reply to Snapp who had a not only for their marvelous perform­ Howard Rock. Working with one reporter, or ready answer. The reporter had been trying often just a part-time staffer, Rock has to cover native news for the Fairbanks News ances on the dance floor, but for their shaken high offices in Washington, D.C., with Miner but they'd limited him mainly to ·noteworthy diplomatic gestures through­ the force of seismic seizure and helped editing quaint little local-interest columns out the entire competition. With respect change the face of Alaska. from the villages. to this dual triumph for America, Miss "Perhaps more than anyone else, he helped "It was frustrating. Personal columns! I Mary Day, director of the Academy of weld together the frontier state's 55,000 na­ wanted to cover the issues--education, hunt­ the Washington Ballet, commented: tives for their successful, years-long fight to ing and fishing rights. win the largest aboriginal land-claims settle­ We were frankly surprised over the out­ "I did a series on Project Chariot and they ment in American history,'' notes Stanton H. (the AEC) tried to stop it. I'd gone through come ... and terribly pleased. We went over Patty, veteran Alaskan observer for the there simply to show what we had to offer all the Associated Press copy and found the Seattle Times. AEC reports didn't match with what the and are delighted that what we offered was "He was their voice, at times about the so well received. scientists said. The scientists were upset. only calm voice when crescendos of invective They'd found radiation in the food chain She added that the hosts, jurors, and threatened to tear Alaska apart." and the AEC had tried to cover this up. They dancers were marvelous to the Amer­ If credit is given where credit is due, how­ were talking in terms of moving mountains ever, Rock would not be the original hero of and doing mining and they said it was no icans. this tale. That honor belongs to the Atomic We made a lot of new international friends, more dangerous than the luminous dial on a -Energy Commission (AEC) to which Alas- watch!" which was one of our objectives in the first kans often assign the role of villain. place. After reading Snapp's 85 page reply, Forbes PEACEFUL USES OF ATOMIC POWER pledged to back the paper with $35,000 in its Texas-born, Mr. Poole started ballet In 1958 the AEC developed a plan to ex­ first year. His only requirement was that it lessons at age 8, going to New York at cavate a harbor with nuclear explosives in start at once with Rock as editor and Snapp age 15 on a Ford Foundation scholarship Alaska's northwest Arctic. The need for a assisting. to study at the American School of Bal­ deep water refuge on this storm-strafed AN UNLIKELY TEAM let. He became a trainee with the Hark­ coast had long been felt by the handful of It seemed an unlikely team and Snapp was ness Ballet, subsequently joining the seamen who ventured there and proponents a reluctant member. He'd come to Fairbanks of the blast believed it a good chance to test in 1959 on vacation from the University of Youth Dancers and the Harkness Ballet. the peaceful uses of atomic power. Missouri where he was about to start his He became a member of the National They failed, however, to take into account second year's work on a Master's in journal­ .Ballet in the 1971-72 season and has the 800 Eskimos who lived in the area of ism. He'd already been talked into postponing danced leading roles in "Cinderella," Cape Thompson, the chosen blast site. The his schooling once, when the News Miner ''Sleeping Beauty," "Giselle," "Nut­ isolated natives knew little about the work couldn't find a replacement for him, and he cracker," and "Swan.Lake.". Nationwide of the AEC,. but they had heard of the wasn't anxious to postpone again. he has received high praise for his dane- Atomic Bomb and they began to worry that "His bags were packed and he was even 28978 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS August 17, 1972

mailing boxes back to Missouri," Rock still rich heritage. He could appreciate both cul­ Times bannered the news and the proj­ recalls with a shudder. "I was just desperate tures and he believed you could mesh the ect subsequently died. and I begged him to stay." two." The paper also reported findings of sci­ Howard Rock had absolutely no grounding "INUPIAT OQAQTUT" WON'T GO OVER THE entists on Russian atomic testing. Fallout in journalism and he'd been long absent PHONE had settled on the Alaskan tundra and been from his native state. Although raised in the One of the biggest hassles was finding a absorbed by caribou that grazed there. Eski­ traditional Eskimo fashion, he'd left Alaska name for the publication. At first they mos who lived exclusively on this game were at an early age to pursue a career in art. picked "Inupiat Oqaqtut", Eskimo for "The found to have a higher radiation count than He studied under Max Siemes, a Belgian People Speak." any people in the United States. AEC began artist, worked his way through three years "But what if we got a non-Eskimo for a to monitor their exposure and the T~mdra at the University of Washington and had be­ secretary?" someone asked. "She would have Tmes monitored the AEC. come a successful paint er and designer of the darndest time trying to put that over the Rock and Snapp also began actively push­ jewelry in Seattle. phone." ing for setltlement of native land claims. I:u. 1961 he returned to Point Hope for a Finally they settled on Tundra Times and "You see the federal Bureau of Land Man­ vacation and family reunion. flanked it with explanations in Alaska's four agement had never plotted native claims on "After the excitement of the whaling sea­ major native languages: their records so people would check and find son that was climaxed by the whaling cele­ Unanguq Tunuktauq-The Aleuts Speak no claims," Snapp explains. "All those claims bration, I began to hear some of the prob­ Den Nena Henash-Our Land Speaks the natives had been filing for years were lems and fears my folks were having," he (At habascan) with the Bureau of Indian Affairs down in recalls. "One subject that came up most often Ut kah neek-Informing and Reporting Juneau or in the archives in Washington, was the impending nuclear blast. They talked (Tlingit) D.C." about radioactive fallout, contamination of Inupiat Paitot-People's Heritage In 1962 five oil companies filed leases be­ food animals and probable genetic effects it The first issue hit the street Oct. 1, 1962, tween the native villages of Nenana and might have. These subjects were altogether with the banner: Interior Secretary Udall Minto and private businessmen followed suilt. foreign to me. And my ignorance appalled Visits Alaska-Historic Rights and Claims The state got word of oil activity and started me when the folks said more than once, 'You Settlement is Number One Problem, De­ making tentative selection under the fed­ came at a most opportune time. It must be clares Official. eral Statehood Act and no one paid any atten­ the answer to our prayers.' " There was also an editorial explanation of tion to native claims which had accumu­ Rock set out to educate himself and found Tundra Times intent. lated over the years. Tom Snapp a major source of information. "Long before today there has been a great "We didn't know who you could trust to The artist had suggested a native news­ need for a newspaper for the northern na­ get an attorney,'' Snapp shakes his head. paper to his village council but it was Snapp tives of Alaska. Since civilization has swept "You couldn't tell who was your friend. We (who turned out to be his roommate at into their lives in tide-like earnestness, it finally got Ted Stevens (now a U.S. Senator) Inupiat Paitot) who really made the idea has left the Eskimos, Indians and Aleuts in who said we should file a protest. It would jell. a bewildering state of indecision and inse­ probably be dismissed locally but we could Rock didn't know how or what to write curity between the seeming need for assimi­ appeal." and he didn't have the vaguest idea how lation and, especially in Eskimo areas, the The problem was that the natives had filed to go about setting up a newspaper. In the desire to retain some of the cultural and a number of conflicting claims on maps too end he got Snapp to unpack his suitcases and traditional way of life." crude for legal use, so Snapp and Rock stay another year. It promised unbiased presentation of na­ bought huge, detailed maps and traveled to PARAKEET IN THE DISHWATER tive issues and added the paper would sup­ the villages to straighten out; the contradic­ tions. "To start a paper is a tremendous job," port no political party. "With this humble beginning we hope, not "As soon as our first native suit was filed, observes Snapp who now publishes All Alaska there were two more, even bigger. That's Weekly, the liveliest general issue paper in for any distinction, but to serve with dedi­ cation the truthful presentations of native when the first freeze came against the state," the state. "Mine took five or six months but Snapp reports. the Tundra Times had just two weeks." problems, issues and interests." Snapp's former associates at the News "Then Udall came to the Tundm Times Fortunately Snapp's sister had gone on banquet and announced the deep freeze," vacation leaving him in charge of her trailer. Miner took one look and sent word they'd give the paper six weeks. Rock adds with pride. "The natives had filed The two men set up shop there, working suits all over the state." round-the-clock three days straight, catching FILES IN THE ICE BOX The paper also campaigned for abolition a night's sleep, then working three more The Association on American Indian Af­ of "semi-servitude" for the people of the straight days and nights. fairs wasn't much more encouraged. When Pribilof Islands. "One problem was the parakeet," Snapp their representative arrived in Fairbanks to "In those days the Bureau of Commercial recalls with a smile. "I was supposed to take inspect the new Tundra Times headquarters, Fisheries controlled the Pribilofs. It was kind care of it and Howard just couldn't stand he found its staff struggling to settle a small of a company store arrangement, where to see it caged up. He used to let it out and office on the main street. hunters were paid in kind for their seal skins. it was always flying headfirst into our dish­ "We couldn't afford file cabinets or any­ They had to barter with the government," water. thing like that but the place came with an Rock says. "Of course we had to eat our meals right ice box and stove that didn't work,'' Snapp "The Tundm Times did so well on that there . . . and the backshop kept complain­ recalls. "We kept -our papers in there and series the Bureau of Fisheries threatened to ing because we had peanut butter and jelly when the AAIA man wanted a tour of the ou our copy." expose us as Communists," Snapp recalls. plant that's about all we had to show him.'' Tundr a Times reporting was so lively other · It was the midst of the political season They also had more than the usual share newspapers in the state became interested in and Snapp and Rock ran themselves thin of problems to report. .covering native news. Soon a number of white collecting political ads. "Starting a native paper at this time was reporters were plugging away on the. issues "We stuck together just like that," Snapp very rough because there was distrust against of subsistence hunting rights, education, brandishes crossed fingers. "That's what we us,'' Rock explains. "It took a lot of nerve, equal opportunity and a decent standard of did that whole year almost. That was the really. We had things thrown through the living for nat ives. ·deal. He got a journalism education in that door at .night and I was threatened with year he'd have had to go (to school) two or beatings and things like that, but somehow PRECARIOUS EXISTENCE three years to get. we just kept right on going." Tundm T i mes existence has remained "We talked about what he knew. He was "We got all kinds of trouble along the precarious, however. Despite generous financ­ very proud of his Eskimo culture and he way," Snapp adds. " One thing, the utility ing by Dr. Forbes {l.mtil his death in 1968) started telling me all these fantastic things company asked for a much larger deposit be­ the overhead has remained high and circu­ like you go to the supermarket now and cause none of the incorporators had a credit lation low. they have all these plastic bags they wrap reference. Once _when I placed a long dis­ Reading comes hard to many Alas1.tan na­ everything in. Well, he said, 'We've had that tance call that cost more than $100 the oper­ t ives and so does the $10 Tundra Times sub­ for centuries.' What it was, was oogruk (giant ator called ba<:k and told us we had to come scription fee, so often one copy of the paper seal) gut. They cleaned them out and made down and pay the bill at once . . . in the services an entire village. The bulk of the pokes out of them. And all that frozen food middle of the night! •.. They've been having frozen food like subscribers are native leaders, government "Then there was the cost of print ing. Out­ agencies, ot her newspapers and interested that for centuries. side I 'd paid $3,000 for printing 32 times a "I started encouraging him and he started year. ·Here, for 24 issues, they wanted whites. writing about all these things. He wrote for $28,000. In 1966 the paper incorporated as the months about Arctic survival and his tradi­ "We were st epping on some awfully big Eskimo, Indian, Aleut Publishing Co., Inc. tions and it ought to be reprinted. Some toes.'' (with a native controlled board) and many fantastic stuff. The Atomic Energy Commission had called well-wishers began -:;o purchase stock at $25 "He had a natural bent for writing. It off plans for a major blast at Cape Thomp­ a share to keep the paper going. Rock has wouldn't have worked with just an ordinary son before the Tundra Times began publi­ taken on additional fund raising ventures person. He had an art background and an cation but in April of 1963 it filed a new ap­ like the Tundra Times annual banquet and appreciation for humanity. He also had a plication for land withdrawal. The Tundra management of the Eskimo Olympics, and August 17, 1972 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 28979 whenever the wolf is really at the door, some­ THE BIGGEST WHALE priority for edacation: an increase in thing unusual turns up. Occasionally Editor Rock gets nostalgic, Federal funds for local school districts is The current angel is Rural A!aska Com­ unearths his old sketch books and moodily vital along with quality day care pro­ munity Action Program which purchases a thumbs through their yellowing pages. He gra~s early childhood education pro­ page to publish its own news twice monthly. has not picked up a paint brush since 1961, The Alaska Federation of Natives sometimes although the canvases he did at that time are grams: smaller classrooms, qualifi~d buys subscriptio~.ts for native villagers. So now selling for $1,500 and $2,000. guidance counselors, and nther special does the National Guard. And other orga­ He has no time for art now except for services. This bill provides no new money nizations, both native and white, have pro­ serving as a member of the Indian Arts and to upgrade our educational system, even vided loans or grants. Crafts Board for the Department o'f. In­ while we as a nation still continue to When Snapp resigned to go back to school, terior. spend more of our resources on the the little paper could not offer the kind of "I just think that expansion of the paper building of highways than on elementary salary needed to attract a reporter of similar is more important than my painting," he and secondary education. caliber but a good man turned ·.1p anyway. says quietly. Then he smiles, recalling his When he quit, another materialized out of beginnings and his family who have been This bill in summary, does not address the blue, and it's still happening. famous Point Hope whaling captains for gen­ itself to the basic question of the quality During one bare budget si 'ge, ::m east coast erations. of education in this ·country. Dealing heiress volanteered to work for Rock free "My brother, Allan, used to tease me. He with unconstitutional segregation is a and turned out to be a remarkably good used to say 'You know Howard you're the task of the courts, but dealing with the writer. She was followed by a top flight ma.ga­ only man in our family who never got a quality of education is a task of the Con­ zine editor from New York who worked for whale!'" expenses one summer. gress. We must attack that task realis­ But perhaps Howard Rock has caught the tically and promptly, but we must not Currently the job is being held by a former bigge3t whale of all. interior decorator who writes like Faulkner, prohibit the courts from doing their has a good feeling for the issues and lives on duty. bread and water. In addition, there is Tom Richards, Jr., a H.R. 13915-EQUAL EDUCATION young Eskimo who was drafted following an COMMON CAUSE: PART II outstanding apprenticeship with the paper. OPPORTUNITY ACT Rock, now 61, hopes Richards will eventually work into editorship and the young reporter HON. OGDEN R. REID HON. WILLIAM L. HUNGATE is enthusiastic about the idea. OF MISSOURI OF NEW YORK SETTLEMENT IS JUST THE BEGINNING IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES For Howard Rock, settlement of the land IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESE.:-:ITATJVES claims does not mean the end of a fight but Wednesday, August 16, 1972 Wednesday, August 16, 1972 a new charge. After meeting with other na­ Mr. REID. Mr. Speaker, I would like Mr. HUNGATE. Mr. Speaker, in the tive leaders for announcement of the bill's CONGRESSIONAL RECORD of August 15, passage, he wrote, "The (Congressional) vote to make a short statement on H.R. 13915, was overwhelming, to be sure, for President the so-called busing bill. I very much 1972, on rage 28348. ! called to my col­ Nixon to sign the measure. There was a 40 regret that I will not be in Washington leagues attention the first of three parts million acres of land award in the offing, and tomorrow when the House considers and of an article on Common Cause. I would there was $962 million-a payment for lands votes on this bill, due to a longstanding like to bring to their attention part JI lost. The.:;e are almost astronomical figures, of that article for their further consid­ but at the end of the voting, they were met commitment I made to my family over eration: with almost dead silence by the 600 native a year ago. delegates ... Therefore, I would like to go on record COMMON CAUSE: PART II "One would think that some measure of today as opposing this bill. If I could be Until Gardner joined the Johnson Admin­ elation would be apparent. Instead some­ present and voting, I would vote "nay" istration in 1965, he had led an almost thing else happened. We do not know exactly cloistered life, broken only by a hitch behind on final passage and "nay" on the a Marine Corps OSS desk during World War what. amer:dment which proposes to reopen "The Alaskan native people have a pro­ II. For several years before the war he had found sense of belonging to their lands, or a court orders and school desegregation worked quite happily in what he later de­ profound sense of ownership. The delegates plans already in· effect under title VI ot scribed :...s "fine girl colle ~ es in sylvan must have sensed that as they voted, they the Civil Rights Act of 1964. I voted for glens"-Connecticut College for Women and were also voting to relinquisp. some 300 mil­ and strongly supported this civil rights Mount Holyoke College. Books were his fa­ lion acres of land forever-lands they and legislation, and indeed introduced the vored entry to life. During his undergraduate their ancestors were accustomed to using very first Voting Rights Act in the House days at Stanford University he dropped out for their subsistence. Indeed this was what of Representatives. This is not the time with plans to become a fiction writer, but at was happening and there were mixed feelings. the end of a year he decided he needed to "We believe that the measure will be the to turn our back on fundamental rights understand people better in order to write closest to a substitute to the 'former way of of all Americans. about them. Others might think the best way living. It will not do away with subsistence Although I do not support long-dis­ to do this would be to travel or get the right living altogether. It can be a good basis for tance busing which would cause harm to kind of job or in some other way arrange to perpetuating charming cultures and tradi­ the education or health of young chil­ mix with people. Not Gardner; his solution tions. It will provide food for the table. In dren, this so-called antibusing bill is a was to return to Stanford's books and switch order to make it do these good things, the his major to psychology. bill which in fact handcuffs the courts of In 1946 he became an official and in 1955 provisions in it must be handled carefully, our Nation-supposedly a coequal branch always with feelings that it is being done for the president of the Carnegie Corporation the good of the present generation and for of our Government-and, indeed, does and the Carnegie Foundation for the Ad­ the the good of the native people in the violence to the very Constitution of our vancement of Teaching. This was the life of future." land. I supported the Higher Education a theoretician devoted to guessing what And that will take some watch-dogging. Act which passed earlier this year, and esoteric teaching projects deserved how much The 13 regional corporations set up to admin­ I worked hard on it in conference, in­ moola. For backing such ventures as the new ister the bill will undoubtedly produce news­ cluding supporting the Scott-Mansfield math and the Russian Research Center at papers of their own but Alaska still needs­ amendment limiting busing to achieve Harvard, Gardner was hailed by The New now more than ever-a strong, statewide na- York Times as "the most powerful behind­ tive paper. . racial balance. However, as the New York the-scenes figure in American education." There should be more . money to support Times noted in comparing that legisla­ If the reputation was deserved, it was ob­ one, too. In fact, under the management elf tion with the bill which is now before us, tained at a bargain price. As with most foun­ Frank Murphy, the Tundra Times advertis­ the higher education bill "specifically dations, the benevolence of the Carnegie ing revenues have increased considerably put the brake on busing to achieve racial Corporation was marked by stinginess; it even though the claims settlement payment balance, which is a dubious goal, as was worth more than $330,000,000, but under is still two years off. The paper has grown against busing to further integration, Gardner it was giving away only $12,000,000 from eight to 12 and 16 pages since last which is an essential one." To return to of its taxfree dollars, or less than four per­ summer. cent, a year. Eventually Rock hopes to increase village separate but equal now, in 1972, would A foundation officer's ideas of the immedi­ cov.erage and circulation; add an easy-.to-read be to turn back the American dream in ate problems of education are not necessarily supplement for those who speak English as a which every child has a stake. related to the outside world. There is no in­ second language; develop a wire service for What is truly neeQ.ed if we are to dication that Gardner was much interested native news; build his own printing plant_ equalize and expand educational oppor­ in using the Carnegie power and prestige a~d go dai~y~ . tunities for all children is a much higher during the period when it was his to com- 28980 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS August 17, 1972 mand-which spanned the era between the the L. B. J. war. But Gardner publicly denied valued in some quarters. So 1n 1968, with De­ Supreme Court's Brown decision in 1954 and it and he did not condemn the war until troit and Newark still smoking and with the the first major civll rights legislation of the Johnson had left Washington. powers that be afraid that this time the Johnson regime-to promote desegregated Today one of Gardner's favorite themes is blacks might really be out for theirs, the education. the disastrous callousness and Unresponsive­ Urban Coalition was established and Gardner In 1963, when 97.5 percent of the black ness of the Federal Government. He pounds was put in charge of it. Concocted by big­ children in the South still attended wholly away at this in every speech. But when he city mayors, the standard labor leaders, the segregated schools, Gardner spoke at the was an important part of that same Gov­ standard civil rights organizations and a rep­ University of Georgia. Only two years before, ernment, he never made any such complaint. resentative covey of big businessmen, the t wo blacks had needed police protection to Early in 1971 he told The New Yorker, "What Urban Coalition was supposed to have a tran­ register there, and feelings were stlll in­ was borne in on me during my years in Wash­ quilizing effect. It was supposed to "estab­ flammatory. Gardner urged the Georgia stu­ ington is that we aren't going to solve any lish a dialog," as they say. dents to "keep your horizons wide," to de­ of our problems with the existing machin­ Gardner's concept of how to proceed was velop your potentialities," to "risk fallure"­ ery." Later the same year he told me that his captured in a speech he II].ade in 1969 that all admirable advice, no doubt, but nowhere time at HEW had persuaded him how de­ went like this: "Our problems today-pov­ in the speech (as preserved in Reader's Di­ cayed some of our political institutions are. erty, racial conflict, urban decay, archaic gest) does one find him alluding even vaguely One finds no trace in the printed record of Government institutions, inadequate educa­ to the most critical problem then confront­ his having felt this way at that time. As tion, inflation, crime, air and water pollution, ing the students: racism. "If you want to recently as 1969 he wrote condescendingly snarled transportation, and so on-are more get back to the source of your own vitality," of dissenters who believe in the "old and complex and deep-seated than most Ameri­ Gardner counseled the Georgians, "to be naive doctrine" that "corrupt and wicked cans wish to recognize. But I want to talk refreshed and renewed, cut through the false institutions" have oppressed mankind. · about them not as problems but as opportu­ fronts of life and try to understand which The reason he has got by with this ad hoc nities." are the things that you really believe in and hopping around without being caught is that The italics are mine, but the rest is pure can put your heart into." Like white he sticks to generalities-the vaguest sort of Gardner. Fortunately the ghetto blacks supremacy? generalities-and avoids specific like poison. weren't paying any attention or they would One must sympathize with his terrible iso­ Assuming that he is now really co-nvinced probably have switched from gasoline to na­ lation during this period. Even as late as the machinery of Government is decadent, palm. He was full of that sort of thing. The 1965 he could write as though he were mak­ surely he should be able to supply an example confrontation of the races, he said, "will be ing a great discovery that "young people find of the decadence from his two years and eight resolved only by patient, determined efforts that the moral precepts their parents have months at HEW-which, next to the Depart­ on the part of the great, politically moderate to offer are no longer relevant in a rapidly ment of Defense, has the biggest budget and majority of whites and blacks through pro­ changing world." Gosh. the biggest waste factor and the biggest em­ grams of education, job training, health care For 19 years Gardner was in the foundation ployee mess in the Federal Government. I and social services." God. After nearly three icebox and then one day he was miraculously asked him for just one example, one specific years in HEW did he still think a few rinky­ rescued by President Johnson, who pulled example. His response was, "The unholy dink programs could fix up a place like Bed­ him out and made him his Secretary of trinity among a bureau chief and a lobbyist ford Stuyvesant? Did he really think that Health, Education and Welfare. It was a and a member of the Appropriations Com­ health care could offset a city full of the kind time of enormous growth in the department, mittee. There are hundreds of them all over of apartment buildings in which the upstairs with L. B. J. grinding another social-welfare town. Little threesomes. Fellows who have toilet leaks into the downstairs kitchen sink? or education program through Congress every gone fishing together for yeats. Their wives Today, when he's peddling a lobby to the other day and depositing it on Gardner's have played bridge together. They are part middle class, his objective is to cut through doorstep for implementation, and at least of a permanent invisible Washington. Their apathy, and so he talks occasionally in a Gardner carried out his duties with dignity names are not known. They rarely make the semi-quasi-revolutionary way about how the under great stress. headlines. But they've seen Presidents come ballot will never get the job done, as the But once again it was a period in his life and go, they've seen Secretaries come and go, system now stands. "If you could increase by unmarked by exceptional leadership in the and they determine a great deal of what ten percent or even 15 percent the number delicate area of race relations, although, of actually goes through Congress with respect of first-rate people in Congress, it would be course, his education agency was expected to their field. This is roughly the kind of spectacular," he says. But if you did, so to exert a pivotal influence. As his stay at relationship you might have among, say, the what? For "there would still be the oil lobby, HEW neared its end, he admitted, "If we had head of vocational education in the Office of the Congressional-military-industrial com­ taken literally the language of the Civll Education, the American Vocational Associa­ plex." Good people, he suggests, are swal­ Rights Act, which instructs us not to give tion and a member of the Senate or House lowed by the system; they disappear into its Federal money to anyone who discriminates, Appropriations Committee." reeky conflict-of-interest bowels and are we would have cut off a far greater number That's a colorful and totally believable never seen again. of school districts than we actually did." At premise-sneaky little threesomes-but how That's his line now, and it may be an ac­ the time he made that declaration of obvious about one concrete example of their destruc­ curate one. But if it's accurate for the mid­ lawlessness, HEW was withholding Federal tiveness while he was at HEW? dle-class whites, who aren't expected to react funds from only 34 districts of the literally "Gee," he said with an apologetic seizure with more vigor than to reach into their thousands that were refusing to comply with in his throat, "I could have given you a lot wallets and produce $15 for a C.C. member­ the civil rights law. of examples (once upon a time], but it's ship, why wasn't it also accurate for the Gardner was in his. early 50s (he'll be 60 faded now." rioting blacks of the late Sixties? Gardner next October) before he even went into the Incredible? Not really. To Gardner, life has didn't see it that way. In those days his line street, which is pretty late to get started and been an unanchored, unballasted, gaseous was that first among the "long-tested, well­ may partly account for his subsequent er­ romanticism. Sometimes there has not been established procedures of a free society," the ratic course. a single sandbag hanging from his balloon, chief means by which "citizens make their Today, like so many of the men who hap­ and things down below in the solid world of influence felt" was-the ballot. Put down pily served L.B.J., Gardner denounces the war specifics are just too small to make out. Ex­ that brick, darky. as tbe worst blight on our existence. As a celsior. A Higher Calling. On his way up he The Urban Coalition of that era was a result of it, he says, "the erosion of the spirit admonishes us to have faith in "justice, lib­ flop, but not necessarily because of any fail­ that we have experienced is beyond calcula­ erty, equality of opportunity, the worth and ure on Gardner's part. Perhaps the failure tion." No such remarks were heard from him dignity of the individual, brotherhood, indi­ could be traced to the fact that by the time during the great escalation. He knew the kind vidual responsiblllty," and then, as if sensing he left it, most whites were fed up with of Administration he was coming into; the that maybe we had heard of those things blackish organizations and blackish needs. build-up had already started in Southeast somewhere before, he hurries on to concede Whether or not Gardner dia.gnosed his prob­ Asia when he joined HEW. that these have little meaning unless trans­ lem that way, it is clear that Common Cause Johnson used Gardner as a show horse in lated into "down-to-earth" programs. But was set up to appeal to another class, the his Vietnam snow job, trotting hiin out to when he is asked to point out exactly what white middle- and upper-middle and even indicate that the Administration didn't he has in mind, he squints at the receding wealthy class-the people whose daughters really want to destroy Vietnam but to bring earth below and, waving vaguely, equates all he had got along with so well as a professor, it health, education and welfare-as Gard­ those airy concepts with "a decent job for the people he had spent Carnegie Co'l"pora­ ner's presence was supposed to symbolize everyone who wants one." tion money on, the people for whom he had when, in February 1966, L. B. J. hauled him Such is the typical view from a Gardner held HEW to a program of gradualism. They out of a sickbed an~ took him along for the balloon: that the ultimate of the faith he were back in business together. meeting in Honolulu with South Vietnam's had been preaching, the purest expression It was a brilliant step to take, a perfect leaders. Apparently Gardner enjoyed being of human existence, the highest aim of all marriage of talent and interests. The middle used in this fashion. His response to the trip his exhortations against "sterile self-preoc­ class was in despair. Yet it is also the center was a breathless "God, it was exciting!" cupation," comes down finally to something of whatever clout the people might have. No When he left HEW in March 1968, there that the Employment Act of 1946, if en­ serious effort had ever before been made to were speculations among his many journal­ forced, could provide. organize it. And Gardner was just the man ist fans that he did so out of opposition to But a man with that outlook is highly to launch the organization with respect. August 17, 1972 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 28981 No effort is made to tlisguise the predomi­ VERMONT GOV. DEANE C. DAVIS has again opened the way for a new nant color. At Common Cause headquarters dialog with his fellow Vermonters as I was repeatedly told that if I really wanted servant and friend. Whatever may be to get a feel for th~ interplay betw~n Gardner and his followers I should attend HON. RICHARD W. MALLARY the form of that dialog, it will be to the one of the "town-hall-type" meetings he OF VERMONT benefit of his State and country, for, in has been holding around the country. A few IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the words of an honorary citation to weeks later there was a meeting in the Deane Davis from Middlebury College: Daughters of the American Revolution audi­ Wednesday, August 16, 1972 He blends tireless diligence with persua­ torium in Washington. On several notable Mr. MALLARY. Mr. Speaker, not too sive logic, warm humanity with professional occasions in the past the D. A. R. has refused skill, translating the liberal ideal of the to let Negro and antiwar artists perform in long ago many of the citizens of the whole man into the field of public action. their hall. The ladies would have been pleased State of Vermont of both political par­ with the people who used t:heir hall that ties were saddened to hear that our evening. At first swing I could not see a single Governor, Deane C. Davis, would not black face in the 2000 or so on hand; in a seek reelection. It was my privilege to city whose population is 72 percent black, THE RATIONALE FOR EARLY know him well before his active political INTERVENTION an all-white crowd oi that size is rather career and to be closely associated with unusual. Then I saw two black men in the first balcony, just at the edge of the stage. him during his two terms as Governor. Obviously they wanted to hear everything. I have known no person to excel him in HON. ORVAL HANSEN But as it turned out, their interest was not his dedication or service to his fellow personal: They were reporters foc The Wash­ man in either his public or his private OF IDAHO ington Post and the Washington Star, or­ capacity. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES dered to listen. To mention that Deane Davis, at age Wednesday, August 16, 1972 The color and class on display that night 30, served as Vermont's youngest superior constitute the strength of the citizen lobby, judge in history, and that he currently Mr. HANSEN of Idaho: Mr. Speaker, some of its leaders feel. C. C. president Con­ Dr. Bettye M. Caldwell, director of the way says, "The thing about our members serves, at 71, as the Nation's oldest Gov­ ernor, is only to establish benchmarks Center for Early Development and Edu­ is they are where laboc people aren't. The cation in Little Rock, Ark., is one of the peculiar thing about our members is they are in a long and distinguished career. To right smack in the middle of where the speak of his working his way through law most articulate, enthusiastic, and ener­ power in this country now resides-that's school in a shoeshine parlor, of hi;:; over­ getic spokesmen for young children the suburbs, the areas surrounding the cities, coming physical handicap to become a whom I have met during my years of in the small towns. Middle America." He great h9rseman, and of his personal ef­ work on child-development legislation. said he had no idea how many blacks were forts in rehabilitating the criminals he Dr. Caldwell recently shared her vast among the membership, but conceded the prosecuted, defended or passed judgment knowledge, talents, and experiences with obvious, that "until we're on issues that have Idahoans at the Early Childhood Con­ a direct appeal to the blacks and browns and upon, is only to highlight the determina­ Indians and poor folks where they can see tion and compassion with which he lives. ference I sponsored in Boise, and it is it, they're not going to join." As a member of the first Boy Scout with great pleasure that I insert por­ Unfortunately, Gardner's brilliant concep­ troop in America, as a 33d degree Mason, tions of her remarks in the RECORD: tion has not yet brilliantly achieved. Con­ as chairman of Vermont's Little Hoover THE RATIONALE FOR EARLY INTERVENTION sidering the lobby's immaturity, however, it (Dr. Bettye M. Caldwell) has done OK. Perhaps its biggest problem Commission, and as an active lay Chris­ was that during the first year and a half, tian, Deane Davis personifies the highest Congressman Hansen, Dr. Zigler, and dedi­ qualities of civic and religious involve­ cated guests, I am really very delighted to it usually joined an issue too late to really be here with you today. I sat there and make much difference (although Common ment. As a business executive, he en­ Cause newsletters convey an entirely different visioned the transformation of a local smiled when Congressman Hansen intro­ estimate of its impact). duced me as, I don't remember what all mutual life insurance firm into a pro­ the words were, but I heard the one "en­ gressive and profitable firm of national thusiasm". I have decided that is a kind of prominence and he carried his plans to euphemism that people use for me. Now fruition. As a man without a college they never say that Bettye Caldwell is right A TRIBUTE TO THE BALTIMORE education he set out in his youth to read or that she is this or that, they always say AFRO-AMERICAN for 1 hour every day on a variety of sub­ that she is enthusiastic and that is the truth. jects in order to broaden his knowledge, I am very enthusiastic about what I do; and he pursued this form of self-educa­ very grateful for the opportunities that I HON. WILLIAM (BILL) CLAY have had to play some small role in helping tion for 30 years. These events speak to to develop programs for young children. OF MISSOURI the quality of the man. Now, my assignment today puts me on the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Deane C. Davis has always lived in side of the endeavored and it is a little bit Wednesday, August 16, 1972 Vermont and has remained a faithful different from the assignment I usually get, servant to its citizens. His continuous which is mainly to tell about what we are Mr. CLAY. Mr. Speaker, the Baltimore service, combined with his abilities and doing or really what I have done in the past Afro-American is a leading information strength of character were sufficient to or what I am doing now in Little Rock, and communication source for the black Arkansas. Rather I have been asked to talk gain him the governorship of Vermont about some of the background factors that community of Baltimore, as are its coun­ in 1968. It never occurred to him to sit have gone into the current ferment about terparts in other national cities. At a time back as a senior public servant to reap early childhood. when many black citizens are realizing the rewards of political promin~ce. In­ There certainly can be no doubt that the the need for more black involvement in stead, he set out to achieve an ambitious importance of early development is an idea media, both in terms of employment and program of government reorganization, whose time has come. It seems to me that programatical content, the Afro-Ameri­ fiscal accountability, and environmental it came to us right smack in the middle of can can take great pride in its outstand­ conservation. He pressed for and passed the 20th century and when it arrived it ing service and inspiration to the com­ a reorganization program to transform seemed so obvious and so apparent to munity. an outmoded unmanageable adminis­ everyone, at first so void of opponents, that The paper was founded by John Mur­ tration into an efficient responsive sys­ we must wonder how and then why it took phy, Sr., on the philosophy of "faith in us so long to recognize or appreciate the the common people'' and the preservation tem. He won a landslide victory in seek­ fact. of their liberties. For eight decades they ing a second term of office after intro­ We have had many reminders and exhorta­ have demonstrated their commitment to ducing a sales tax by demonstrating that tions from specialists in many fields-people this goal, and in so doing, have gained it is possible to provide quality services in poetry, philosophy, medicine, psychology, widespread recognition and respect as a while remaining fiscally accountable. His education. But until fairly recently, no one spokesman for the thoughts and aspira­ comprehensive environmental legisla­ really paid too much serious attention to the tions of many black people. tion, which is facilitating environmental importance of the first five or six years of life. Perhaps this is not too surprising when we On August 13, the Baltimore Afro­ conservation without jeopardizing eco­ . reflect on Aries' suggestion that the idea of American celebrated its 80th birthday. I nomic vitality or private rights, has be­ childhood per se-childhood, not just being extend to the staff of that publication my come a model to the Nation. little adults-is of relatively recent ori~in most sincere congratulations and best In refusing to seek a third term as and that it certainly 'did not go back beyond wishes for the future. Governor of Vermont, Deane c. Davis the 18th century. Thus, the idea of early 28982 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS August 17, 1972 childhood, not childhood but very early on. One of the chief generalizations that kinds of personality measurement and so childhood, as being an important develop­ emerges out of this vast body of literature on. You will clearly find it if you are work­ mental period does not go beyond about the is that the timing of experience was indeed ing with fourth graders or high school middle of the 19th century. critical and from the standpoint of many of students or first graders. We have found it Now in this country, in the 1920's and 30's, the infrahuman animals that were used in with Head Start children, you will find it early childhood had a. brief fling in America.. these studies, manipulation of experiences to some extent with three-year-olds. But But after rather vitriolic attacks from the during the early infancy of the animals below that point in the age spectrum do you heavily scientific wing of the social sciences, seemed to have the greatest effect. Now with stop finding it, or do you ever stop finding it; the advocates licked their wounds and non-human animals this may be due to the that is, when, in the developmental cycle, slipped away to dream up apologies for what fact that most complex forms of behavior do the differences that are associated with they had been suggesting should be done. are mediated by intrinsic processes which social class aprear? This is actually an ex­ Programs continued, but those in the uni­ when fully developed are relatively less sen­ tremely important scientific and practical versities operated mainly to provide subjects sitive to variations in experience. The data, question for us. for research studies for professors and stu­ however, also points to the importance of Until Head Start came along one of the dents and to train teachers so that they could experience during the time that neutral pat­ real tragedies in the whole psycho-educa­ provide subjects for professors and students terns which form the substrata for all com­ tional world was that we knew so little for the next generation. plex forms of behavior are being established. not, let us say, children of professors or Then suddenly in the mid-60's (and I think So, whether or not we like the idea, we must about the development of children who were we can date it officially as February, 1965, the recognize our indebtedness to the animal doctors in town who attended university month when Head Start was officially born­ studies that pointed to the importance o:r nursery school where they could be ade­ that doesn't include its pre-natal period)­ early experience. quately studied. We never really had access early childhood education was rediscovered Now for a second kind of inferential data to a population of children younger than six, and it certainly was not a chance discovery. about the importance of early experience. because we only get in contact with large Rather I feel it was not that it was so much Here I would turn to inferential studies; I numbers of children when they get into re-discovered, it was simply that we could am using Anastasi's term there, comparative public education. not ignore it or overlook it any longer. Rea­ studies, if you will, of children reared in dif­ So, we did learn from Head Start children sons for the discovery appeared every time we ferent environments. Most of our informa­ the performance of the children on various picked up an idea or turned it over or ex­ tion that we have here relates to cognitive measures of some kind of cognitive or in­ amined its implications. What were the rea­ development. I Wish I could cite with as tellectual functioning showed that they were sons, why did we become so heavily concen­ much authority studies that relate to the below nation~l norm, which is perhaps but trated, so focused on the importance of early effects of different kinds of environments another way of saying that if they would childhood? upon social and emotional variables. I think have had a control group from the middle The first class of reasons that I would iden­ class they would have been different. So, that we simply have to apologize at the out­ now dropping on down, first grade--yes, Head tify I have called inferential, and the second set of this and then go right on and look at I have called emperical and I am going to re­ Start which was really five-year-olds at first. what information we have. It seems to me What about much younger children? What view these briefly with you now. First of all, that one of the reasons that we concentrate let us look at some of the inferential ra­ about babies, for example, because this is an so much on cognitive development is a very extremely important question to ask your­ tionale for our current interest in early child­ poor one. Namely, we do think that we can hood. self. What do we know about infant devel­ measure it more accurately than we can opment as a function of social class? Maybe I should define my term just a. little measure other variables and, therefore we bit. I am referring to ideas that were gen­ The answer dealt with 30, 40, 50 children. go right on, say giving these tests, even But in 1965, Nancy Bailey-who worked with erated in another context sometimes bearing though we may be less concerned With no direct relation to early intervention with infants for 40 or 50 years-standardized a change in this area than in some other areas. new version of an infant scale that she had humans, but from which one can infer the I say that as a way of apologizing for the importance of early experience. And the im­ developed on about 1,500 children. She looked fact that when we look at human studies at the performance of children on her scale portance of early experience is basically what again, much of the evidence relates to the early childhood intervention is all about. All as a function of race, sex, and social class. effects of variations of experience on some At every assessment point, up to 15 months of the programs are predicated on the as­ kind of cognitive measure. sumption that this is indeed an important of age, there were no significant differences period. Not a critical period, not a magic How do we measure different kinds of en­ of performance on the Bailey scale as a · period as Dr. Zigler said, but one which we vironments? One of the greatest inadequa­ function of sex, birth order, parental edu­ cannot afford to ignore. cies in our vast armamentarium of psy­ cation, geographic residence, or race. In other The first category of inferential reasons chological and educational measuring de­ words, the infants from all of these different that I would sight is one that many of you vices, is a sensitive technique for measuring sub-groups performed in a varied and highly might object to. I know sometimes people do the environment-very much like what Dr. similar fashion .as a function of their overall not like to think that we build programs for Zigler said that in a way Head Start is in­ maturity. Black babies tended to score humans on studies that have been done with sulting to the poor because it assumes that higher than whites on the motor scales up animals, but I dare say that none of us would everybody who lives in an environment iden­ to about a year, but the differences were not feel very comfortable having been vaccinated tified by some financial cut-off point is in an statistically significant beyond that point. against measles or against polio and other environment that is of itself depriving. Now Dr. Bailey has not given us any data things if we had not previously tried out the We simply know that is not true. We have from this standardization beyond that point vaccine with animals. Much of the same kind relied on this kind of cut-off point simply although such data are currently being of background work has been done with ani­ because it gives us a reasonably accurate, prepared. They are going to be extremely mals in relation to the importance of early actuarial statement about what might trans­ important because we know that by age five experience. pire within those families. I say reasonably we've got differences; here at age 15 months, If you think back to general psychology accurate is the best we can come up with. no differences. Somewhere in that in-between text books, you wlll find a lot of these studies Usually the designation that is employed is developmental period the development of under chapters that are concerned with per­ something called a measure of socio-eco­ children from the less privileged environ­ haps maturation vs. learning, an old dichot­ nomic status that hopefully combines social ments begins to diverge from that of chil­ omy that we don't slip into anymore, or as well as economic variables and a sociol­ dren who are growing up in more privileged heredity vs. environment. A whole host of ogist w:ao introduced these terms years ago environments and we very much need to pin­ different kinds of behaviors were looked at made the bad mistake of using a vertical­ point exactly when it occurs. and a whole host of different kinds of varia­ sounding hierarchy when really it ought to A recent study by two people named Gold~n tions of early experience were tried, but the be horizontal. They spP.ak of . upper class, and Burns suggests that if one looks only main principle to emerge from these studies middle class, lower class, and so on. at test scores this difference still has not is that the timing as well as the type of ex­ Now when you take information about a declared itself by the age of two. However, perience may well have profound effects on child being reared in an environment that if you regard the full constellation of test development. on a host of educational, economic variables behaviors you can see possible marginal dif­ I certainly won't try to offer a compre­ is considered middle class and then look at ferences by age two. These people used the hensive review of such experiments (anum­ this development and let us multiply that Katelle Infinite Intelligence Scale and also ber of these are available), but I do wish to by a. thousand and then take a thousand an experimental procedure designed to assess recognize the contribution of this line of children who are in different social class as a child's development within the Piaget endeavor to our current concern with early measured by the same index, you can come framework. They examined three separate intervention and enrichment. up with a pretty accurate statement that groups of children who were 12, 18, and 24 The studies have measured a variety of by and large on almost all psycho-educa­ months of age. On neither test were statisti­ behaviors; sensory, perceptual and motor tional variables you might choose to meas­ cally significant differences observed at any functions; learning and problem solving; and ure you will find differences associated with of the three age periods. However, the authors conflict forms of social behavior. Different socioeconomic status. reported that children from the lower socio­ types of early intervention were tried, some­ It doesn't matter whether it is an achieve­ economic groups were far more difficult to times depriving, sometimes enriching, and so ment test, an intelligence test, or certain test and that they frequently required more August 17, 1972 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 28983 than one session to complete the procedures. Bloom and it started from a different frame the growth and development of the very Had the examiners not made efforts to get of reference. No matter what point you start young has been a casual venture indeed. a valid score for each child, significant dif­ from, you cannot. escape the inference that We have fallen back on statements but ferences in mean scores might have appeared. the early years are very important. Bloom we really don't know all of the answers. You might want to reflect here back on surveyed all of the longitudinal studies that Therefore we must be very careful. We don't what Dr. Zigler said earlier about motiva­ had been published at that time. This was know all of the answers about how to edu­ tional and attitudinal differences which may done eight years ago, and in it he looked to cate 16-year-olds, as countless 16-year-olds appear that are perhaps more basic than see what the authors had come up with will be happy to attest, but we go right ahead some of the cognitive ones that we can so about the measurement of change and a and design educational procedures nonethe­ easily measure. variety of characteristics within the same in­ less. It is fair to summarize this section on This says in effect that if one does want dividual. He was interested in only longi­ inferential rationale by saying in the middle to develop preventive programs and if the en­ tudinal studies in which the subject had of the decade of the 60's, no thinking person vironment really is one of the main explana­ matured, that is, had reached early adult­ could ignore the first few years of life. We tions for what is happening here, it says that hood or beyond. were but one step away from a social man­ it is extremely important to begin some kind Bloom's chief interest in this analysis lay date to give careful attention to the develop­ of intervention during this early period, re­ in identifying periods during which the ment of programs that would foster learning gardless as to whether those effects are going characteristics under study were going cognitive development. to last forever. It is important because if you through relatively stable growth-physical don't, by even age three you are going to growth, intelligence, achievement motiva­ have to be dealing with a remedial program. tion and so on-and those periods in which It is my deeply-held conviction that the they were unstable and showed rapid change. THE ARMY CAREER OF STAN SMITH only opportunity to develop truly preventive In considering all the data that he could programs lies in beginning such programs in find relating to repeated measures of physi­ this period of 18 months to three years. Cer­ cal and personality characteristics, intelli­ HON. OTIS G. PIKE tainly during that time seems to be the gence and achievement test data, Bloom con­ OF NEW YORK period when the environment really begins to cluded that the introduction of the en­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES show itself. The comparative studies of chil­ vironment as a variable makes a major dif­ dren in different environments-that is my ference in our ability to predict the mature Wednesday, August 16, 1972 second inferential rationale for early inter­ status of a human characteristic. vention. Surprisingly little attention has been Mr. PIKE. Mr. Speaker, I wish to The third one is what I have called major given to measuring environmental charac­ present a rough chronology of the past conceptual analysis of the role of experience teristics. We have been content to take some­ year in which Specialist Stan Smith, in development. If you have been around thing like socio-economic status and say allegedly of the U.S. Army, has received for the last ten years and been interested in that because it is accurate in some cases we acclaim as an international tennis young children, you -have probably heard will assume that it is accurate in all. Yet we celebrity. about Piaget, and about Joseph McVicker know-absolutely-that is is not the case. In An official letter from the Office of the Hunt, about Ben Bloom and also I would add any data that I have ever collected, and I Jerome Bruner to that list. These are people have happened to have worked primarily with Secretary of the Army dated July 7 to I feel have made an important contribution the low-income background families, the me recounts Stan's year in a somewhat to our rationale for early' development, not variability that we find in all of the charac­ loftier tone. In part, the letter states: by virtue of emperlcal studies that they have teristics that we have measured tends to be From June 1971 to 30 October 1971, done proving the importance of early experi­ greater than the variability from the same Specialist Smith was directed to participate ence, but rather because of an exhaustive and characteristics from a middle class sample. in national and international tennis com­ scholarly analysis of what other people have I happen to think that is extremely im­ petition under the auspices of the U.S. Davis done, but often not integrated with things portant point. It says that if you are making Cup Committee in preparation for Davis Cup that other people in perhaps similar areas this judgment about what a child might be play. Following this, he was attached along might have done. experiencing in a middle class home there is with several other soldier athletes to the U.S. A decade ago, Joe Hunt published his a slight chance that you will be a little more Army Recruiting Command to serve as a magnificent book called Intelligence and accurate if you guess that is going to be sports clinician in a nationwide sports clinic Experience. In this book he attempted to right at the mean or median than you will program. His duties required him to travel survey all that was known at that point in be if you are making that assumption on throughout the United States addressing time about the influence of experience on the basis of a less privileged home. The high school and community groups. On 15 intelligence. Hunt felt that for too many variability tends to be greater in the latter March, 1972, he was once again ordered to years the thinking in psychology had been situation. the U.S. Davis Cup Team to represent the dominated by a belief in fixed inheritance of We desperately need sensitive measures in United States in international competition, intelligence even though data from a variety this field that deal with the specific environ­ now in progress. of sources should have challenged this belief. mental characteristic likely to influence the As he put it, "Evidence from various sources particular growth characteristic in which we I urge you to compare this official has been forcing a recognition of central are interested. In calling attention to the statement of July 7 with a recapitulation processes in intelligence and of the crucial impact of the environment, Ben Bloom sug­ gathered from the daily sports pages of role of life experience in the development of gested further that it will have more im­ the New York Times that follows: these central processes". pact on a characteristic at a time when that RECAPITULATION In his book, Hunt presented evidence that characteristic is undergoing relatively rapid would challenge the belief in fixed intelli­ change than it will at a point in time when DATE AND TOURNAMENT gence and pre-determined development, and relatively little change is likely. June 1-4, 1971, in Paris ior French Open offered instead a model of information proc­ A final step in this logic is the realization Tennis Tournament. essing, which stresses the importance of ex­ that since most characteristics are perhaps June 8-12, in Beckenham, England, for perience for the development for the central changing most rapidly during infancy and Kent Grass Tennis Tournament. organization of information necessary to early childhood, one might expect the en­ June 16-19, in London for the London solve problems. He also reviewed for Ameri­ vironment to have its greatest impact dur­ Grass Tennis Tournament. Wins singles prize can audiences the work of Piaget. ing the first years of life. This realization of $690. Piaget had been around on the American led Bloom to suggest in his famous term that June 21-July 3, at 1971 Wimbledon takes scene-he is another one who has been re­ has now become an avarism with us that in second prize purse of $5,400. discovered many times. He was discovered regard to intelligence measured at age 17, July 6-9, in Baastad, Sweden for Swedish and outlawed by some earlier people who about 50 percent of the development takes Open Tennis Tournament. said his work was not very worthwhile and place between conception and age 4. He July 13-17, at Washington (D.C.) Star In­ he does publish mainly in French-and most feels that the statement has often been mis­ ternational Tennis Tournament. of us are language illiterate. But Hunt tried interpreted but again the implications of August 4--8, in Cincinnati for the Western to review for the American reader the basic the analysis are very clear. If the environ­ Tennis Tournament. Wins Singles. Share of tenets of Piaget and highlighted particularly ment can be assumed to have its greatest $30,000 purse not disclosed in AP dispatch. Piaget's emphasis on the way that experi­ impact during roughly the first four years of August 16, upset in first match of the ences help program the development of cog­ life, then very careful attention to the de­ Pennsylvania Lawn Tennis Championship at nitive functioning in the human infant. For velopment of growth-fostering environments Haverford, Pa. Joe Hunt the implications were very clear. during this period is absolutely essential. September 1-16, at Forest Hills, N.Y. for Society must pay ever greater attention to Furthermore, his analysis suggests that as U.S. Open Championship. Wins singles prize what takes place in the lives of very young far as education is concerned, we may well of $15,000 and $5,000 expenses. Prize money children and must stop leaVing things to have had emphasis placed at the wrong goes to DaVis Cup Fund in return for Army's chance during this period. points in time. Whereas we have had elabo­ permission to let him compete. The second of these conceptual analyses rate mechanisms for providing education for September 16, drops out of California that I mentioned was made by Benjamin older children in our society, guidance for Tennis Championship in Sacramento. 28984 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS August 17, 1972 '. September 22-25, in Los Angeles for Pacific The U.S.S. Thorn, or the "Mighty T" church. Since that historic moment in Southwest Open Tennis Tou:.:nament. as it is fondly remembered was commis­ Atlanta on July 26, 1922, AHEPA's prog­ October 8-10, in Charlotte, N.C. for Davis sioned April1, 1943, and served with dis­ ress and achievements have surpassed Cup challenge round. October 25, in Wembley, England for $48,- tinction during World War II. After the even the boldest dreams of its visionary 000 Wembley vpen Tennis Tournament. Loses war it was retired to the Philadelphia founders. open ing match. Reserve Basin. Because time and the AHEPA's programs and activities have November 1-7, in Stockholm, Sweden for elements :1ave taken their toll, the Thorn spanned two continents helping to $45,000 Stockholm Open Tennis Tournament. is currently slated to be towed to sea strengthen the historically close ties Wins doubles, purse undetermined. and sunk during target practice. Thus, which have marked the relationship be­ November 23-27, in Buenos Aires, Argen­ although many crewmembers have ex­ tween the United States and Greece. In t ina for South American Open Tennis Tour­ pressed a strong interest in preserving truth, Ahepans have succeeded in com­ nament. December 1, Reuter's dispatch from Lon­ the ship, the annual cost of berthing and bining the best traditions of these two don says Smith won Pepsi Grand Prix of maintaining the retired destroyer would great nations whose histories have been Tennis first prize of $25,000 based on ·point be about $10,000. marked by a dedication to human justice st anding in 31 international tennis tourna­ Thus, the event takes on added signif­ and freedom. ments. icance since there may never be another As proue1 sons and daughters of Hellas, December 4-12, in Paris for $50,000 Pepsi chance for crewmembers to go aboard. Ahepans have generously and often at Masters Grand Prix. Wins $9,000 second place prize. Consequently, Mr. Swenson and his com­ great sacrifice aided a troubled Greece, February 11, in San Diego, Calif., for $40,000 mittee have conducted an extensive in time of natural disaster, national peril, International Open Tennis Tournament. search for the members ot the Thorn or philanthropic need. At the same time February 14-20, in Salisbury, Md. for Na­ family, and it is expected that 250 people the Order of Ahepa has been a leader tional Indoor Open Tennis Championship. will be present for the August 25-26 in preparing Greek-Americans for full Wins singles prize of $9,000. festivities. To increase interest in the and constructive participation in virtu­ February 22-27, in New York City for Clean upcoming event, the committee has been · ally every sphere of American life, be it Air Tournament. Wins single prize of $4,500 publishing the Th01·n Flashback, which in business, politics, education, labor, or and also takes doubles share of $500. February 24, named co-winner of Martini & prints letters from crewman fondly re­ the arts. In addition, Ahepans have Rossi Gold Racquet Award for 1971. Donates counting incidents from their life aboard played a major role nationally and locally one-half share of $7,500 award to California the "Mighty T." in the establishment and support of such charity. The Navy, too, has been cooperating important Greek-American institutions February 29-March 5, in Hampt on, Va. for with the reunion planners by providing as the Greek Orthodox Church, various U.S. National Indoor Tennis Tournament. facilities for the dinner dance by unseal~ educational and philanthropic facilities Wins $9,050 single's prize. Thorn, and a host of other important community March 8-12, in Washington, D.C. for $25,- ing and sprucing up the itself, 000 International Tennis Tourney. Wins un­ and by making it possible for returning projects. disclosed singles prize. veterans to take small souvenirs from the Most importantly, however, the March 19, in Kingston, Jamaica for Davis ship. AHEPA family, which includes the auxil­ Cup Regional Match. - As the ~ime for the reunion draws near, . iary organizations of the Daughters of March 27-31, in San J u an, Puerto Rico for I want to recognize the outstanding work .Penelope, Maids of Athens, and Sons of Ca.ribe Hilton Tennis Tournament. Wins that Mr ..Swenspn has done in organizing Pericles, has inculcated in their members, $3 .500 prize. ·the affair and send my best wishes to their families and friends a keen sense of April 11-16, in Spain for Madrid Interna­ t ional Tennis Tournament. him and the rest o: the crew, while at the civic responsibility and patriotism, a love April 18-22, in France for $30,000 Nice In­ same• time realizing that the greatest of family and church and a devotion to t ernational Tennis. Tournament. rewards are yet to be reaped when the democratic practices and ideals, all re­ April 25-2-6, in Rome for Italian Tennis . returning sailors · will be able to renew flected in a devotion to their fellow man Championship. friendships and rekindle the memories and a dedication tO~ just society. AHEPA May 8-12, in Bournemout h , Englan(l ,for of the . time they spent aboard a proud has indeed reflected the finest precepts $39,000 British Hardcourt Tennis Champion­ vessel that serv ~d and fough~ with dis­ of Hellenism, formulated by'the brilliant ship. tinction in World War II. philosophers and law-givers of ancient June 6-18, in Mexico City with Davis Cup Team for North American zone final against Greece, and carried forward by the dem­ Mexico. ocratic ideals and institutions of the June 20, in England for London Grass United States. Court Championship. TRIBUTE TO THE ORDER OF AHEPA Mr. Speaker, I am happy to report that July 9, 1972, wins singles prize for $13,000 ON ITS 50TH ANNIVERSARY in my own State of Maryland there are at 1972 Wimbledon. nine active chapters of AHEPAN's and Really, Mr. Speaker, is this the Army? HON. PAUL S. SARBANES that in my own city of Baltimore, there are two active chapters, Worthington OF MARYLAND chapter No. 30 and the Lord Baltimore IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES chapter No. 364. I should like to pay U.S.S. "THORN" REUNION Wednesday, August 16, 197 2 tribute to the members of these chapters Mr. SARBANES. Mr. Speaker, it is in­ by listing their o:flicers and home cities. deed a great honor and a matter of deep I know that my colleagues join me in personal pleasure for me to salute on the wishing them and all other AHEPAN's HON. FRED B. ROONEY continued good fortune in their efforts OF PENNSYLVANIA occasion of its 50th anniversary the American Hellenic Educational Progres­ to carry on the finest traditions of our IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES sive Association, known with respect shared heritage. Wednesday, August 16, 1972 throughout our Nation as the Order of MARYLAND AHEPA LEADERS Mr. ROONEY of Pennsylvania. Mr. Ahepa. WORTHINGTON CHAPTER NO. 30, BALTIMORE Speaker, the clock will be turned back · It is a matter of great pride because, August A. Krometis, President. a quarter century next week as the for­ as a Greek-American and an an Ahepan, Paul Cocoros, Vice President. I am deeply aware of the significant con­ Michael N. Psaris, Secretary. mer crewmembers of the U.S.S. Thorn Nicholas Pistolas, Treasurer. reunite at the Philadelphia Naval Sta­ tributions which the Order of Ahepa tion aboard their mothball en destroyer. has made to the progress and growth of LORD BALTIMORE CHAPTER 364, BALTIMORE What is unique about the event is that America. The Order of Ahepa was Basllios A. Trintis, President. founded 50 years ago in Atlanta, Ga., by Nick Gianakakis, Vice President. it is the first time that a ship and its John A. Demetriades, Secretary. crew will be reunited. Furthermore, I am eight farsighted, patriotic, and civic­ minded Greek-Americans who realized Basil Lambros, Treasurer. particularly proud that one of my con­ OTHER LOCAL CHAPTER OFFICERS stituents, Mr Kaj "Swede" Swenson, is that the time had arrived for the estab­ Constantine J. Leanos, President, An­ chairman of the reunion committee and lishment of an organization which would napolis. as his fellow crewmembers ~ave assured reflect the finest in the Greek and Amer­ Dlmitrios G. Mandris, Secretary and Treas­ me, it has been his initiative, drive, and ican ideals of freedom, democracy, good urer, Annapolis. persistence that has sparke~ the reunion. citizenship, and devotion to family and Richard Diamond, President, Cumberland.. ·August.17,-1972 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 28985 Christ G. Charuhas, Secretary and Treas­ For 10 years, Antony C. Sutton, re­ Almost all-perhaps 90-95 percent-came urer, Cumberland. search fellow with the Hoover Institution directly or indirectly from the United States Constantine Nicholas, President, Silver on War, Revolution and Peace, has been and its allies. In effect, the United States Spring. and the NATO countries have built the Soviet Alexander S. Lazarou, Vice President, Silver researching Soviet technology. He has Union. Its industrial and its military capabil­ Spring. so far written two volumes on "Western ities. This massive construction job has taken Nicholas Stamos, Secretary, Silver Spring. .Technology and Soviet Economic Devel­ 50 years. Since the Revolution in 1917. h has Mario Vouzikas, Treasurer, Silver Spring. opment." Today he is presenting a sum­ been carried out through trade and the sale Stratis Skenderis, President, Rockville. mary of his findings to the platform of plants, equipment, and technical assist­ George D. Sirinakis, President, Hagerstown. committee of the Republican National ance. Listening to Administration spokes­ John Callas, Vice President, Hagerstown. Convention in Miami, Fla. This is his men--or some newspaper pundits-you get Peter Papandreu, Secretary, Hagerstown. shattering conclusion: the impression that trade with tbe Soviet John T. Doukas, Treasurer, Hagerstown. Union is some new miracle cure for the Charles J. Papuchis, President, Silver There is no such thing as Soviet technol­ world's problems. That's not quite accurate. Spring. ogy. Almost all-perhaps 90 to 95 percent­ The idea that trade with the Soviets might Chris Fotos, Vice President, Silver Spring. came directly or indirectly from the United bring peace goes back to 1917. The earliest Stanley S. Xenakis, President, Silver Stai;es and its allies. In effect the United proposal is dated December 1917-just a few Spring. States and· the NATO countries have built weeks after the start of the Bolshevik Revo­ Andrew Manos, Vice President, Bethesda. the Soviet Union-its industrial and its mili­ lution. It was implemented in 1920 while the George D. Lampros, Secretary, Chevy Chase. tary capabilities. This massive construction Bolsheviks were still trying to consolidate George Mellonas, Treasurer, Silver Spring. job has taken 50 years, since the Revolution their hold on Russia. The result was to guar­ in 1917. It has been carried out through trade CURRENT NATIONAL OFFICERS antee that the Bolsheviks held power: they and the sale of plants, equipment and tech­ needed foreign supplies to survive. The his­ Dr. G. Dimitrious Kousoulias, Ahepa Edu­ nical assistance. cational Foundation, Bethesda. tory of our construction of the Soviet Union The evidence he presents in support has been blacked out-much of the key in­ George J. Leber, National Executive Secre­ formation is still classified-along with the tary, Silver Spring. of .this conclusion is of the greatest im­ other mistakes of the Washington Bureauc­ CURRENT DISTRICT LODGE OFFICERS portance to every American and · espe­ racy. Why has the history been blacked out? Socrates P. Koutsoutis, Treasurer, Laurel. cially to all who make policy here in Because 50 years of dealings with the So­ PAST NATIONAL OFFICERS Washington. It is imperative that every viets has been an economic success for the Member of this body read what he has USSR and a political failure for the United Andrew A. Papaminas, Past Supreme Lodge, States. It has not stopped war, it has not Baltimore. · to say-and act accordingly. Mr. Sutton says that "this information given us peace. The United States is spend­ Louis P. Maniatis, Past Supreme Lodge, ing $80 billion a year on defense against an Bethesda. has been blacked out by successive ad­ enemy built by the United States and West­ J. William Holmes, Past Supreme Lodge, ministrations." I intend to see that it is ern Europe. Even stronger, the United States Silver Spring. blacked out no longer. Simultaneously apparently wants to make sun. this enemy With placing it in the CONGRESSIONL remains in the business of being an enemy. RECORD today, I have released it to the Now at this point I've probably lost some of Associated Press and United Press Inter­ you. What I have said is contrary to every­ AID AND TRADE WITH THE ENEMY national and to major newspapers thing you've heard from the intellectual elite, the Administration, and the business world, throughout the country. For once, let us and numerous well regarded Senators-just submerge our differences and unite on an about everyone. Let me bring you back to HON. JOHN G. SCHMITZ issue on which every man of conscience earth. OF CALIFORNIA and honor in this country ought to be First an authentic statement. Its authen­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES able to agree. These facts must not be tic because it was part of a conversation be­ suppressed or ignored because of con­ tween Stalin and W. Averell Harriman. Am­ Wednesday, August 16, 1972 cern about face-saving or a desire to bassador Harriman has been prominent in Soviet trade since the 1930's and is an out­ Mr. SCHMITZ. Mr. Speaker, the most pretend that unpleasant truths do not spoken supporter of yet more trade. This is despicable practice I have encountered exist. Those who fail to print and pub­ what Ambassador Harriman reported back to in my lifetime is that of successive Re­ licize Mr. Sutton's evidence do so at the the State Department at the end of World publican and Democrat administrations peril of the lifeblood of America. War II: "Stalin paid tribute to the assistance in carrying on · aid and trade with the Nor can it be hidden n:uch longer in rendered by the United States to Soviet in­ Communist nations w!1.ich suppiy tJ-_e any case. This story will become too big dustry before and during the War. Stalin weapcns to kill our men in Vietnam. How to kill. You remember the old saying said about two-thirds of all the large indus­ any Member of this body, who supports trial enterprises in the Soviet Union has been "murder will out." What Mr. Sutton re­ built with the United States help or technical such action, can go home and sleep with ports ·is a very sophisticated kind of assistance." (he in original*). I repeat: "two­ a clear conscience, is be~'Ond my under­ murder; the bodies involved are those thirds of all the large industrial enterprises standing. Many of them have saris, like of our own young men, crying out from in the Soviet Union had been built with the mine, · who some day will serve in our their graves for justice. The truth about United States help or technical assistance." Armed Forces if they are not already this murder through trade with the Two-thirds. Two out of three. Stalin could doing so, and may well be a target for enemy is coming out, and it will be heard. have said that the other one-third of large those weapons whose manufacture we industrial enterprises were built by firms The article follows: from Germany, France, Britain, Italy, and so make possible. The information that I am going to present on. Stalin could have said also that the tank In Arlington Cemetery we keep a 24- to you tonight is known to the Administra­ plants, the aircraft plants, the explosive and hour watch over our honored dead, who tion. The information is probably not known ammunition plants originated in the United made the supreme sacrifice to defend to the Senator from South Dakota or his States. That was June 1944. The massive our country and freedom against its foes. advisers. And in this instance ignorance may technical assistance cont inues right down to Their loved ones mourn them still, and be a blessing in disguise. I am not a politi­ the present day. cian. I am not going to tell you what you Now the ability of the Soviet Union to will never forget them. Many of these want to hear. My job is to give you facts. create any kind of military machine, to ship dead would be alive today if we had not Whether you like or dislike what I say doesn't missiles to Cuba, to supply arms to North done so much to build up and sustain concern me. I am here because I believe-and Vietnam, to supply arms for use against the economy of the Soviet and satellite Congressman Ashbrook believes-that the Israel-all this depends on its domestic in­ nations for the last half-century. But American public should have these facts. dustry. In the Soviet Union about three­ as long as the dollars roll in to :fill the I have spent ten years in research on Soviet quarters of the military budget goes on pur­ coffers of the "big money" men who in technology. What it is-what it can do-and chases from Soviet factories. This expendi­ turn make many of the largest coatribu­ particularly where it came from. I have pub­ ture in Soviet industry makes sense. No lished 3 books and several articles summariz­ army has a machine that churns out tanks. tions to both Republicar. and Democrat ing the work. It was privately financed. But Tanks are made from alloy steel, plastics, presidential candidates, those who profit the results have been available to the Gov­ rubber, and so forth. The alloy steel. plastics, from aid and trade with the enemy· could ernment. On the other hand, I have had and rubber are made in Soviet factories to not care less about the cost in blood paid major difficulties with United States Gov­ military specifications. Just like in the United ih places like Korea and Vietnam. Busi­ ernment censorship. I have 15 minutes to States. Missiles are not produced on missile­ ness and hypocrisy of the highest order tell you about this work. In a few words: . making machines. Missiles are fabricated niust be carried on-as usual. tp.ere is no such thing as Soviet technology. from aluminum alloys, stainless steel, elec- 28986 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS August 17. 1972 trlcal wiring, pumps, and so forth. The times bigger than Gorki. Dean Rusk and as individuals-have protested our suicidal aluminum, steel, copper wire, and pumps Walt Rostow told Congress and the Amer­ policies. What happens? Well, if you are in are also made in Soviet factories. In other ican public this was peaceful trade...:...the Congress-you probably get the strong arm words, the Soviet military gets its parts FIAT plant could not produce military vehi­ put on you. The Congressman who inserted and materials from Soviet industry. There cles. Don't let's kid ourselves. Any automo­ my research findings into the Congressional is a Soviet military-industrial complex bile manufacturing plant can produce mili­ Record suddenly found himself with primary just as there is an American military in­ tary vehicles. I can show anyone who is in­ opposition. He won't be in Congress next dustrial complex. This kind of reasoning terested the technical specification of a year. makes sense to the man in the street. proven military vehicle (with cross-country If you are in the academic world-you soon The farmer in Kansas knows what I mean. capability), using the same capacity engine find it's OK to protest United States assist­ The salesman in California knows what I as the Russian FIAT plant produces. The ance to the South Vietnamese but never, mean. The taxi driver in New York knows term "FIAT deal" is misleading. FIAT in never protest United States assistance to the what I mean. But the policy makers in Italy doesn't make automobile manufactur­ Soviets. Forget about the Russian academics Washington do not accept this kind of com­ ing equipment--FIAT plants in Italy have being persecuted-we mustn't say unkind mon sense reasoning, and never have. United States equipment. FIAT did send things about the Soviets. If you press for an So let's take a look at the Soviet industry 1,000 men to Russia for erection of the explanation, what do they tell you? First, t hat provides the parts and the materials plant--but over half, perhaps well over half, you get the Fulbright line. This is peaceful for Soviet armaments: the guns, tanks, air­ of the equipment came from the United trade. The Soviets are powerful. They have craft. The Soviets have the largest iron and States. From Gleason, TRW of Cleveland, their own technology. It's a way to build steel plant in the world. It was built by Mc­ and New Britain Machine Co. friendship. It's a way to a new world order. Kee Corporation. It is a copy of the United So in the middle of a war that has killed This is demonstrably false. The Soviet tanks States steel plant in Gary, Indiana. All So­ 46,000 Americans (so far) and countless in AnLoc are not refugees from the Pasadena viet iron and steel technology comes from Vietnamese with Soviet weapons and sup­ Rose Bowl Parade. The "Soviet" ships that the United States and its allies. The Soviets plies, the Johnson Administration doubles carry arms to Haiphong are not peaceful. use open hearths, American electric furnaces, Soviet auto output. And supplied false in­ They have weapons on boa1·d, not flower chil­ American wide strip mills, Sendzimtr mills, formation to Congress and the American dren or Russian tourists. Second, if you and so on-all developed in the West and public. Finally, we get to 1972 under Presi­ don't buy that line you are told, "The Soviets shipped in a peaceful trade. The Soviets have dent Nixon. are mellowing." This is equally false. The the largest tube and pipe mill in Europe-1 The Soviets are receiving now-today, killing in Israel and Vietnam with Soviet million tons a year. The equipment is Fretz­ equipment and technology for the largest weapons doesn't suggest mellowing, it sug­ Moon, Salem, Aetna Standard, Mannesman, heavy truck plant in the world: known as gests premeditated genocide. Today-now­ etc. Those are not Russian names. All Soviet the Kama plant. It will produce 100,000 the Soviets are readying more arms to go to t ube and pipe-making technology comes heavy ten-ton trucks per year-that's more Syria. For what purpose? To put in a muse­ from the United States and its allies. If you t han ALL United States manufacturers put um? No one has ever presented evidence know anyone in the space business, ask them together. This will also be the largest plant hard evidence, that trade leads to peace. how many miles of tubes and pipes go into in the world, period. It will occupy 36 square Why not? Because there is no such evidence. a missile. The Soviets have the largest mer­ miles. Will the Kama truck plant h.ave mlli­ It's an illusion. It is true that peace leads chant marine in the world-about 6,000 tary potential? The Soviets themselves have to trade. But that's not the same thing. You ships. I have the specifications for each ship. answered this one. The Kama truck will be first need pea.ce, then you trade. That does About two-thirds were built outside the So­ 50 percent more productive than the ZIL-130 not mean if you trade you will get peace. But viet Union. About four-fifths of the engines truck. Well, that's nice, because the ZIL-130 that's too logical for the Washington policy for these ships were also built outside the truck is a standard Soviet army truck. It's makers and it's not what the politicians an d Soviet Union. used in Vietnam and the Middle East. Who their backers want anyway. Trade with Ger­ There are no ship engines of Soviet design. built the ZIL plant? It was built by the Ar­ many doubled before World War II. Did it Those built inside the USSR. are built with t hur J. Brandt Company of Detroit, Mich­ stop World War II? Trade with Japan in­ foreign technical assistance. The Bryansk igan. Who's building the E;ama truck plant? creased before World War II. Did it stop plant makes the largest marine diesels. In That's classified "secret" by the Washington World \Var II? What was in this German and 1959 the Bryansk plant made a technical policy makers. I don't have to tell you why. Japanese trade? The same means for war that assistance agreement with Burmeister & The Soviet T-54 tank is in Vietnam. It ·~as we are now supplying the Soviets. The Japa­ Wain of Copenhagen, Denmark (a NATO in operation at Kontum, AnLoc, and Hue a nese Air Force after 1934 depended on United ally), approved as peaceful trade by the few weeks ago. It is in use t oday in Vietnam. Stat es technology. And much of the pushing St ate Department . The ships that carried It has been used against Israel. According for Soviet trade today comes from the same Soviet missiles to Cuba ten years a;go used to the tank handbooks, the T- 54 has a Chris­ groups that were pushing for trade with these same Burmeister and Wain engines. tie type suspension. Christie was an Ameri­ Hitler and Tojo 35 years ago. The ships were in the POLTAVA class. Some can inventor. Where did the Soviets get a The Russian Communist Party is not mel­ 11ave Danish engines made in Denmark and Christie suspension? Did they steal it? No, lowing. Concentrat.ion camps a,re still there. some have Danish en gines made at Bryansk sir! They bought it. They bought it from the The mental hospitals take the overload. Per­ in the Soviet Union. About 100 Soviet ships United States Wheel Track Laver Corpora­ secut ion of the Baptists continues. Harass­ are used on the Haiphong run to carry So­ tion. However, this Administration is ap-. ment of Jews continues, as It did under the viet weapons and supplies for Hanoi's an­ parently slightly more honest than tl).e previ­ Tsars. The only mellowing is when a Harri­ nual aggression. I was able to identify 84 ous Administration. Last December I asked man and a Rockfeller get together with the of these ships. None of t he main engines in Assist ant Secretary Kenneth Davis of Com­ bosses in the Kremlin. That's good for busi­ these ships was designed and manufactured merce Department (who is a mechanical en­ J.ess but it's not much help if you are a G.I. inside the USSR. All the larger and faster gineer by training) whether the Kama tru cks at the other end of a Soviet rocket in Viet­ vessels on the Haiphong run were built out­ would have military capability. In fact, I nam. I've learned something about our mili­ side the USSR. All ship buildin g t echnology quoted one of t he Government's own inter­ tary assistance to the Soviets. It's just not in the USSR comes directly or indirectly agency reports. Mr. Davis didn't bother to en ough to have the facts-these are ignored­ from the United Stat es or it s NATO allies. answer it but I did get a letter from the De­ by the policy makers. It's just not enough to Let's take one industry in more detail: part ment and it was right to the point. Yes! make a com1non sense case-the answers you mot or vehicles. All Soviet aut omobile, truck, We know the Kama truck plant has military get defy reason. and engine technology comes from the capability, we take this into a ccount when Only one institution has been clearsighted West: chiefiy the United Stat es. In my books we issue export licenses. I passed these let­ on this question. From the earl} 1920's to I have listed each Soviet plant, its equip­ t ers ont o the press and Congress. They were the present day only one institution has ment , and who supplied the equipment. The published. Unfortunately for my research spoken out. That is t:1e AFL-0IO. From S9viet military has over 300,000 trucks- all project, I also had pending with Department Samuel Gompers in 1920 down to George from these United St at es built plants. Up to of Defense an application for declassifica­ Meany today, the major unions have con­ 1960 the largest motor vehicle plant in the tion of certain files about our military assist­ sistently protested the trade policies that built the Soviet Union. Because union mem­ ance to the Soviets. This application was USSR was at Gorki. Gorki produces many bers in Russia lost their freedom and union of the trucks American pilots see on the Ho then abruptly denied by DOD. Obviously, the members in the United States have died in Chi Minh trail.' Gorki produces the chassis Administration can't take too much heat in Korea and Vietnam. The t::.nions know-and for the GAZ-69 rocket launcher used against this kitchen. It will supply military tech­ apparently care. No one else cares. Not Wash­ Israel. Gorki produces the Soviet jeep and nology to the Soviets but gets a little up­ in gton. Not big business. Not the Republican half a dozen other military vehicles. And tight about the public finding out. I can Party. And 100,000 Americans have been Gorki was built by the Ford Motor Com­ understand that. killed in Korea and Vietnam-by our own pany-as peaceful trade. In 1968 while Gorki Of course, it takes a great deal of self­ t echnology. was building vehicles to be used in Vietnam confidence to admit you are sending factories The only response from Washington and and Israel, further equipment for Gorki was to produce weapons and supplies to a coun­ the Nixon Administration is the effort to ordered and shipped from the United States. try providing weapons and supplies to kill hush up the scandal. These are things not to Also in 1968 we had the so-called "FIAT Americans, Israelis, and Vietnamese-in writ­ be talked about. And the professional smoke­ cleal"-to build a plant at Vologograd three ing. In an election year, yet. Many people- screen about peaceful trade continues. The August 17, 1972 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 28987 plain fact-if you want it-is that irre­ call. We have Soviet technical dependence as plified the biblical command to love sponsible policies have built us an enemy an instrument of world peace. The most hu­ thy neighbor and many formerly under­ and maintain that enemy in the business of mane weapon that can be conceived. We have privileged youngsters are better ofi to­ totalitarian rule and world conquest. And always had that option. We have never used day as a result of his guidance and his the tragedy is that intelligent people have it. bought the political nouble-tall: about world concern. I join with the citizens of Lodi peace, a new world order and mellowing So- . in mourning the death of this great man, viets. I suggest that the man in the street, VERY ACCURATE PREDICTION and include at this point in the RECORD the average taxpayer-voter thinks more or a tribute to Frank Plescia recently pub­ less as I do. You do not subsidize an enemy. lished in the Lodi Messenger. And when this story gets out and about in HON. EDWARD J. DERWINSKI The tribute follows: the United States, it's coing to translate into OF ILLINOIS THE UNFORGETTABLE FRANK A. PLESCIA a shift of votes. I haven't met one man in the street so far (from New York to Cali­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES (By Lawrence C. Toscano) fornia) who goes along with a poli~y of sub­ Wedn-esday, August 16, 1972 In my humble opinion, I sincerely feel sidizing the killing of his fellow Americans. that upon the death of the late beloved, People are usually stunned and d!sgusted. It Mr. DERWINSKI. Mr. Speaker, I pe­ Frank A. Plescia, founder and father of our requires a peculiar kind of intellectual my­ riodically make it a point to go back and Boys' Club, no greater man has ever graced opia to ship supplies and technology to the reread editorial commentaries to check if our proud community. This devoted, faithful Soviets when they are instrumental in killing the comments or predictions carried in and truly dedicated man has well earned fellow citizens. any specific editorial turn out to be rea­ the everlasting gratitude and remembrance What about the argument that trade will sonably accurate and appropriate. This of the entire Boys' Club family and the peo­ lead to peace? Well, we've had United States­ ple of Lodi. In his passing, Mr. Plescia ·s Soviet trade for 52 years. The 1st and 2nd morning, I rechecked an August 7, 1972, many sacrifices, unselfishness and unfail­ Five-Year Plans were built by American com­ editorial in the San Diego Union which ing loyalty for the welfare of a boy has left panies. To continue a policy that is a total predicted that Mr. Ramsey Clark would innumerable reflections upon the hearts and failure is to gamble with the lives of several be subject to a carefully staged tour of minds of the youth and people in all walks million Ame;:icans and c:mntless allies. You North Vietnam and, upon his return to of life. can't stoke up the Soviet military machine the United States, he would claim exper­ In my long association with this distin­ at one end and then complain that the guished and lovable man, I feel duly quali­ tise and trumpet his own views in every fied to re-affirm Plescia's great patience, other end came back ~r.d bit you. Unfor­ possible media outlet. tunately, the human price for our immoral faith, zeal and enthusiasm in the great cause policles is not paid by the policy makers in In inserting this editorial into the REc­ of our young boys! Perhaps unknown to Washington. The human price is paid by the ORD, I call the attention of the Members many people, it was long before his interest farmers, the students, and working and mid­ to the' very accurate predictior. of Mr. in our Boys' Club, when he b::!friended 'Yours dle classes of America. The citizen who pays Clark's behavior pattern that it carried: Truly' and my young friends in all of our the piper is not calling the tune-he doesn't sports activities in early 1900. I remember CERTAIN TR~PET well his gifts of baseballs and gloves for our even know the name of the tune. The planned visit to North Vietnam by Let me summarize my conclusions:. One: baseball team. After each game Plescia woud former Attorney General Ramsey Clark will always lecture us on good sportsmanship and trade with the USSR was started over 50 years follow a pattern as ingrained and predictable ago under President Woodrow Wilson with good behavior. as the program of a computer. It was during these early years when the declared intention of mellowing the Like Jane Fonda before him, Mr. Clark will Bolsheviks. The policy has been a total and Plescia organized the popular Royal A.C. be taken to carefully selected and staged bas~ball team. I was one of the mascots who costly failure. It has proven to be impracti­ damage areas at dikes that could have been chased all over Westervelt Place recovering cal-this is what I would expect from an im­ accidentally damaged by bombing, and per­ foul balls. I recall some of the players, Steve moral poli:::y. Two: we have built ourselves haps to a few civilian buildings also damaged Nebesni, Charles Cutitto, Anthony Greco, an enemy. We keep that self-declared enemy by aerial warfare. Martin Bua, Johnny Goulen, Frank J. in business. This inform:'l.tion has been In due time he will return to the United Terranella, Tony (Raymond) Sproviero, John blacke:i out by successive Administrations. States of America and take to the stump as Micklas, John Lascari and Louis De Rosa. Misleading and untruthful statements have the final expert on bombing damage in North How well I remember the bitter rivalry be­ been m!'l.de by the Executive Branch to Con­ Vietnam, and the futility of the war, report­ tween the Royals and the Eagles A.C. in gress and the American people. Three: our ing the exception as the fact. In doing so their playoff series. I don't think they ever policy of subsidizing self-declared enemies is he will deliberately volunteer to be a public finished a nine inning game. Those were the neither rational nor moral. I have drawn at­ address system for the Communist North days when baseball dominated all local tention to the intellectual myopia of the Vietnamese. · sports. group that influences and draws up foreign The objectives of the Communists are HARDSHIPS IN THE GHETTOS policy. Four: the annual attacks in Vietnam plain. They seek to bring the greatest possi­ Frank Plescai didn't develop his interest in and the war in the Middle East were made ble political pressure to bear on the presi­ boys-he was born with kindness and com­ possible only by Russian arm::tments and our dential election in the United States. passion for all underprivileged youngsters. past assistance to the Soviets. Five: this They also are preparing to convince the He was blessed with a warm nature and just world-wide Soviet activity is consistent with world that the flooding that will occur in the consideration for all humanity. His special Communist theory. Mikhail Suslov, the party impeding monsoon season in North Viet­ interests for the well-being of the young theoretichn, recently stated that the current nam-which also happens annually with in­ boys was utmost in his. mind after he ac­ detente with the United States is temporary. tact dikes-is the fault of the United States. quired great experience when he resided in The purpose of the detente, according to Finally, they are whipping up anti-American a tough Ghetto district in New York City. Suslov, is to give the Soviets sufficient frenzy among their own people, who even As a young man, Plescia lived in New York strength for a renewed assault on the West. now are tightening their belts because of the City's tough Tompkins Square district. He In other words, when you've finished build­ blockade of Haiphong, by blaming the rice had witnessed the daily rival gang wars that ing the Kama plant and the trucks come shortage on destruction of rice fields. brought havoc and fear in the neighborhood, rolling off-watch out for another Vietnam. At least one has to have a grudging ad­ the hate and prejudices among ethnic groups Six: internal Soviet repression continues: miration for the Communists for their tenac­ and the endless crimes committed in the against Baptists, against Jews, against na­ ity. streets. In order to escape the everpresence tional groups, and against dissident aca­ of violence and danger, he and his two young demics (like myself). Seven: Soviet technical brothers found a peaceful sanctuary in the dependence is a powerful instrument for Tompkins Square Boys' Club. It was here world peace if we want to use it. TRIBUTE TO THE LATE FRANK A. PLESCIA where Plescia learned the need to assume So far, it's been used as an aid-to-depend­ leadership for a youth organization when he ent Soviets welfare program. With about as came to our borough. · much success as the domestic welfare pro­ gram. Why should they stop supplying Hanoi? HON. HENRY HELSTOSKI I am taking the privilege to repeat some The more they stoke up the war the more OF NEW JERSEY early accounts of Mr. Plescia written several years ago. It was in the winter of 1943 dur-· they get from the United States. One final IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES thought. ing a local Civil Defense Council meeting Why has the war in Vietnam continued for Wednesday, August 16, 197 2 when he accepted to assume the responsibil­ four long years under this Administration? Mr. HELSTOSKI. Mr. Speaker, Frank ity to help organize a Youth Activity Council 'Vith 15,000 killed under the Nixon Adminis­ (YAC). This request was made by letter from tration? We can stop the Soviets and their A. Plescia, the. founder of the Lodi, the U.S. Civil Defense. With a genuine father­ friends in Hanoi any time we want to. With­ N.J., Boys' Club and one of the great ly interest and great patience, Plescia set out out using a single gun or anything more dan­ humanitarian figures of our area, passed to recruit members for his newly found or­ gerous than a piece of paper or a telephone away recently. Frank Plescia's life exem- ganization. Without any available funds, he 28988 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS August 17, 1972 turned his home basement into a clubhouse August 21, 1972, contains an excellent in­ Q. Getting .back to the glut of federal to give aid and shelter to his many new terview with Chief Justice Warren E. court . cases, whatever happened to the In­ young members. Burger, wherein he sets forth his views stitute of Court Management that was set up With the loyal assistance of his lovely wife in Denver some years ago? Frances, Frank embarked upon a one man on many of the problems which now A. It has prospered. It is functioning today. crusade to help find a permanent home for beset the Federal judiciary. The Chief Q. What does it do? our long neglected young boys. After each Justice also explores many of the reme­ A. It has given 87 men and women an in­ meeting the youngsters enjoyed hot dogs and dies which have been proposed to cor-· tensive, full-time training course for six ice cream served by Mrs. Plescia. It was sev­ rect these problems, including what may mo:o.ths. Of these graduates, 94 per cent are eral months later in May 1943, when Frank be done to insure a more prompt dispo­ now working in fields related to court man­ A. Plescia changed the name of the organiza­ sition of criminal cases. agement. An additional 48 are currently en­ tion from the Youth Activity Council and rolled in the fourth 6-month program. About planted the seed of our present Boys' Club When I introduced the Speedy Trial 150 others, such as clerks of courts, have re­ of Lodi! At this point I wish to remind the Act of 1971 last November, I stated my ceived shorter-term training. Boys' Club family that lest they forget; Mrs. firm conviction that bringing criminal Q. Are most of its students lawyers? Frances Plescia is truly the Mother of the defendants to trial within 60 days of A. The ratio of lawyers has dropped from Boys' Club of Lodi! their arrest would represent a giant almost one half to one third, as more non­ How can we ever forget this lovable man stride forward in the reduction of crime lawyer court personnel have enrolled. as he rode down our main streets in his in the United States. In my judgment, Q. Are judges willing to relinquish some familiar station wagon, packed with smiling of their administrative functions to these and happy youngsters! Within the years, it speedier trials would serve as a certain aides? has become well-known that to the young deterrence to the commission of other A. When judges become thoroughly fa­ boy, Frank's face always radiated with kind­ crimes. miliar with the potential of court executives, ness and understanding and he was blessed Mr. Speaker, I include the following they'll not only be willing but anxious to with warm tenderness. There always existed excerpts from the interview with the have the assistance that these people can give a strong bond of affection and friendship Chief Justice in the RECORD: them. Q. between them. Yes, many of us well remem­ .JWAMPED: "EVERY LEVEL OF JUDICIARY" Do these eraduates function more or less ber too that despite his many bitter disap­ as efficiency experts in the courts? pointments, idle promises, financial setbacks Q. Over all, are t:Qe courts themselves try­ A. No, not at all. They function orimarily and roadblocks. his unshakeable spirit, in­ ing to do too much? Or are they required to in a managerial capacity as an assistant or exhaustible virtues, faith and strong deter­ do too much? executive t)ffi.cer to the chief judge or the mination to help a boy, won for him great ac­ A. They are certainly being called on to do administering ~udge--State or federal--doing claim and the admiration and gratitude of more than their resources permit. This is many things that now take him away from the people of Lodi. true from the bottom of the pyramid, in the his judicial work. minor-offense State and local courts, right BOYS' CLUB BUn..DING Let me give an illustration of what has straight up to the Supreme Court. With few happened in the federal system: It was about fifteen years after Plescia exceptions, every level of the judiciary has At the same time that we proposed the founded the Boys' Club organization that more work than it can properly handle. creation of the Institute for Court Manage­ his long dream had come to pass with the Q. How much has the Supreme Court's ment, we proposed that Congress create a building of the first part of the Boys' Club load grown in recent years? position of court executive for each of the 11 building in 1957. Upon completion of the A. In 10 years the docketed cases have circuits and for every district court--that is, building, an elaborate dedication program doubled. More than 10 years ago, Chief Jus­ · the trial court-having six or more judges. was held with John J. Lattanzio, acting as tice [Earl] Warren urged the American Law That would have been a total of 29 executives. master of ceremonies. On this happy occa­ Institute to conduct a study on federal juris­ Congress was somew!'lat skeptical and created sion, Plescia was joined by many dignitaries, diction, and I think he would agree that he the position of court executive only for each club directors, happy youngsters and the had less incentive than we have now for of the 11 circuits, excluding the district-court general public. A borowide parade preceded seeking relief. One measure of federal-court exec·ttives. t he ceremonies. business generally is the Supreme Court's The bill created a blue-ribbon certification Governor Robert Meyner was the principal work. In 1959, the Supreme Court had 2,178 board. This board interviewed 129 people speaker and he lauded Mr. Plescia for his cases docketed, and it disposed of 1,822. In considered to be well-qualified out of some many years of self-sacrifices, epic labors and 1969, when I came on board, the load had 700 applicants. The board certified 52, of unselfish devotion to help realize a boys club increased to 4,202 cases docketed, with 3,500 whom 28 were not lawyers but had man­ building for the youth of the borough. Yes, dispositions. agerial skills from private industry, military on this memorable day, this obedient, illus­ Q. Has the study asked for by the former service, or public administration. trious, modest and humble, Frank A. Plescia Chief Justice ever been made? Eight court executives have been appointed was the recipient of deserved praise and glory A. Yes, but it took the American Law In­ by U. S. courts of appeals. So here we nave from a grateful people in Lodi! stitute more than eight years to complete the made a start. However, the metropolitan dis- In 1961, in recognition for his outstand­ study, partly because the institute has no trict courts also need executives. · ing contribution and services rendered to substantial permanent staff and must depend Q. Can you tell about some other ideas our Boys' Club, Plescia received national on the volunteer work of lawyers, judges and you've been working on? honors when he was presented the Silver law professors. The study has been in Con­ A. We now have an intensive two-week Keystone Award from the Boys' Clubs of gress since 1969. seminar for new judges at the Federal Ju­ America at a dinner in his honor at the Q . What would you propose as a solution dicial Center. Whenever we get 25 or 30 new Boys' Club. Several years later, he received to this problem? federal judges onboard, we bring them into several outstanding awards from local or­ A. I would do away with these three-judge Washington for two weeks. ganizations and was named Boys' Club Di­ district courts completely. For any case in The assumption has been for several hun­ rector Emeritus by the Board of Directors. A which a constitutional issue on a State or a dred years that every lawyer was automati­ little boy had no greater friend than Frank Federal statute requires urgent decision, the cally qualified to be a judge. U that was ever A. Pleseia. Supreme Court may take the case directly true, it is not so any longer. He is-one Frank's work on earth is done ... but we and without review by a court of 3.ppeals. For would hope-qualified to become a judge, will always cherish his loving memory. His example, a reapportionment case involving but not every person appointed is immedi­ name will always grace the pages of our· an impending election, in which time is cru­ ately qualified to step right in and perform borough's history. His greatest credentials cial, can reach the Supreme Court for an im­ the function. I think 'it is now widely rec­ on earth was his love, friendship and deep mediate decision. ognized that even very experienced lawyers concern for the "little boy." May the good Q. Would constitutional questions, then, bA need some special training to adapt prior Lord always rest his soul in peace and in­ initially decided by a single district judge? legal experience and skills to the bench. The voke his divine grace and blessings upon his A. Yes. But there is nothing unsual about State courts have been far ahead of the fed­ wonderful wife and family. that. District judges in the federal system eral system in this respect, with their vol­ frequently decide important federal con­ untary association, the National College of stitutional questions sitting alone. They're Trial Judges at Reno, Nev., which was estab­ AN INTERVIEW WITH CHIEF JUS­ perfectly capable of doing so. lished eight or nine years ago. TICE WARREN E. BURGER Q. ·Nhat are the powers of the Congress to Another example of the leadership of State change or lill).it jurisdiction of federal courts? courts is found in the matter of using court A. The Constitution enumerates the areas executives. This conception had already been HON. WILLIAM J. KEATING of federal judicial power subject to ··such tested in the States and had been used for OF OHIO exceptions and under such regulations as years in States, notably New Jersey, New IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the Congress shall make." York and California. I might say, too, that Q. Can Congress limit jurisdiction on a most of the graduates of the Institute of Wednesday, August 16, 1972 specific case? Court Management have gone into the State Mr. KEATING. Mr. Speaker, the cur­ A. It can do so on specific categories under systems. They have been snatched up 1m­ rent issue of U.S. News & World Report, the clause I just mentioned. mediately. August 17, 1972 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 28989

LEARNING FROM "BEST-RUN COURTS" probation system. There is, as you know, 700 or 800 prisoners, with cells that are ap­ Q. What else can be done to eliminate or a desperate shortage of probation and parole proximately 5Y:! feet wide by 8 feet in depth. reduce delays that drag out trials intermin­ officers. When I last visited it, it had 1,600 or 1,700 ably? Q. You use the term "desperate." Can you prisoners, two men in the cell built more A. Starting from the premise that the func­ enlarge on that? than 150 years ago for one man-with one tion of the courts is to deliver the best A. We probably have no more than one third bunk on top of the other. This situation can't quality of justice at the least cost and in the of what we need in the federal system, and have anything but a destructive effect on shortest time, we have been conducting this is very crucial in the whole spectrum people. When you bear in mind that most of studies to identify what are the significant of criminal justice. You have read time and the inmates are younger men-an enormous characteristics of the best-run courts-where again that men on probation and on parole number of them are between 18 and 25-not they get their cases tried promptly, their ap­ are committing additional crimes. There have to provide recreational facilities so they can peals reviewed promptly, and where the dis­ been situations where a man, by the time he burn off their excess energy is asking for position rate is high. This has been done came to trial, had three or four other indict­ trouble. by federal judges themselves. ments waiting for him-each of the charged A third factor that I'm far less able to The effort is to try to get all the courts crimes allegedly committed while he was on evaluate is that with television sets in all in the federal system to begin adopting these probation or on parole, and before parole of these institutions, it is not· surprising that characteristics. One, for example, is the "in­ was revoked. a prison riot in one State or one city triggers dividual calendar" system, so that, instead of Now, there is no guarantee that the pres­ a prison riot in another place within the having one great pool from which cases are ence of a parole officer would stop this, but reach of television. I don't suggest that TV parceled individually to judges as they finish the grim fact is that probation and parole sets be removed but that the conditions be the prior case, a court with 10 judges and officers are so overburdened that they aren't changed-and swiftly. 2,000 cases will assign 200 cases by name able to perform the function of counseling, Q. In a lot of these cases, inmates now de­ and number to each judge. These cases then helping these fellows get jobs, keeping them mand the right to negotiate their grievances become his responsibility, and everything re­ away from the negative environments that with the authorities. Does a felon have civil lating to a case must go to him. get them back into trouble. A probation rights? I can illustrate the significance of this officer with 150 parolees and probationers to A. I would not be willing to say that a by recalling that when I sat on the Court of supervise is really not supervising any of felon loses all rights, but I don't think that Appeals (for the District of Columbia], it them--or only a few-effectively, and the is the issue. For me, common sense dictates was a common thing to review a file two whole function of parole ~nd probation be­ that whether we call it negotiating or "pro­ inches thick and find that 6 to 14 judges comes undermined. viding avenues for articulating grievances had signed various orders, and reading the Many federal district judges have told me and complaints," that is what must come. transcript you would see that each judge had they are sending convicted offenders to insti­ There is a parallel in the history of em­ to familiarize himself with the case before tutions instead of placing them on probation ployer-employee relations. More than a hun­ he could act on motions unless they were because the judge has before him the figures dred years ago in Europe, beginning largely simply postponements. of how many cases each probation officer in in Germany, they developed grievance pro­ The individual calendar requires that all his district is charged with. That figure is so cedures within factories, so that before there matters on a case be handled by a single high the judge decides that there will not be was a blowup people had an opportunity to judge. It fQCuses the responsibility on that any realistic supervision. I have no first-hand be heard. This is a keystone· in all mass h u­ one man. If he has the misfortune of getting information about what goes on in the minds man relations. We all want to be heard. an antitrust case which takes two months of parole-board members, L-S I do of what I think correctional institutions should to try, sometime before the end of the year goes on in the minds of some federal judges, have an established grievance procedure. I there has to be a reshuffling of his assign­ but I would not be surprised if parole boards wouldn't put that on the level of negotiat­ ments, and some untried cases are given to are influenced by knowledge that parole ing. I do not think society negotiates with other judges. supervision also is totally inadequate. It is prisoners in that sense, but society should Another way to help speed trial and ap­ entirely possible-even likely-that parole provide a .mechanism where the complaints, pellate procedures is a pooling of all the boards deny parole in marginal cases because real or fancied, of prisoners can be heard. court reporters, making them available for of the lack of adequate supervision of pa­ And in the process of being heard, most of courtroom work when they do not have rolees. the complaints will "wash out." If they don't. transcripts to prepare for appeals, but reliev­ Q. Where it is adequate, do you have con­ they should be closely examined by prison ing them from trials when it is necessary fidence in the parole system as a means of administrations. to do so in order not to delay appeals for rehabilitating released criminals? Q. How important are prisons as a deter­ want of the record. District judges have A. The truth is that we do not really know, rent to crime? made great improvements in this respect. but I do know that without supervision there A. It is possible that the idea of imprison­ Q. We have read of something called the is no chance of really restoring most of these ment as a punishment and significant deter­ "omnibus hearing." What is that? people. With supervision and careful selec­ rence to crime has been overrated. At least. it A. That is also called the single-hearing tion of people for probation and parole, there has been placed in the wrong order in re­ procedure. A number of innovative district is some chance. What are the alternatives? lation to the deterrent effect of the prospect judges have evolved a procedure by which Put every offender in jail, and throw the key of being caught in the first place, and bein g the judge, particularly in a criminal case, away? We know this has been a total failure. properly tried and convicted in the second directs that all pretrial motions must be We are beginning to see that the processes stage. made by a fixed date, after which the court for deciding who is to be confined and who When you look at the figures, it is a dismal will entertain no additional motions except is to be on probation and parole are very statistical fact, widely accepted both by pro­ for some new, unexpected development. faulty and inadequate. fessional experts and in the criminal com­ munity, that there is probably only about 1 Q. Such as newly discovered evidence? BACK OF THE PRISON RIOTS A. Yes, that could be one development. chance out of 5 that an offender will get Otherwise, however, all motions for disclosure Q . We're now having a rash of prison riots caught in the first place. Some of the figures and a lot of disorder in the penal system. would indicate even less risk. Of those who of evidence, for suppression of evidence, are Why? waived. This precludes delaying trial by a are caught, there is in turn less than 1 series of dilatory motions and hearings. A. Well, there are probably many causes, chance in 5 that they will be convicted and and I'm not professionally qualified to un­ Q. How much can measures such as these punished. Even where that happens, the speed up courtroom justice? derstand what they are, even though I have process is so drawn out that the deterrent visited many penal institutions of various A. In one of the State courts in New York impact of the conviction is dissipated or lost. City, studies show they have cut the back­ kinds in this country and in Europe for the Q . Have the new and relaxed bail provi­ log 58 per cent by steps of the kinds I'm last 17 years on a fairly regular basis, and sions affected this? talking about here, plus some others. I've kept in very close touch with experts in A. I think we must concede that releasing correction. virtually all defendants pending trial and PAROLE SITUATION; "DESPERATE" One of the major problems of unrest and providing free counsel for everyone tends to Q. Are you as concerned as you have been disorder within the institutions is the failure keep trials from occurring promptly. This in the past by the state of correctional insti­ to have constructive programs not only to is why delay in criminal trials is so damag­ tutions in this country? keep the inmates occupied, as people are in ing. If we could see to it that every person A. Yes. As you may know, one of my first normal working life, but to at least give them arrested would be brought to trial within six steps as Chief Justice was to urge the Ameri­ some hope that they are learning something weeks or 60 days, you would see a downturn can Bar Association to create a Commission they can market on the outside when they're in crime, if for no other reason than you'd on Corrections to look at the whole opera­ released. have these people off the street that much tion of the prison systems of the country. Q. Do you mean vocational training? sooner and the swiftness of society's response The association promptly created a Com­ A. Yes-vocational training and educa­ would itself have a deterrent impact. mission on Correctional Facilities and Serv­ tional training of every kind. That's missing Q. Haven't you recently suggested a fed­ ices which is doing some very important in the vast majority of penal systems. eral authority to improve justice? work. For example, one project is develop- . The second thing that brings on trouble is A. At the American Law Institute this year ing a system of part-time auxiliary proba­ the environment of the prison itself. I know in the traditional welcoming speech from the tion officers to assist the State and federal of one prison that was built in 1829 to house Chief Justice, I urged that we take action 28990 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS August 17~ 1972 on an idea long discussed 1n professional of academic work have inevitably yielded to stitution in one of those cities may come to circles. The idea is that we create a Na­ the variety of interests and abilities that Holy Cross to take his place. tional Institute of Justice to parallel in some characterize a vastly expanded population - Second, the Center is authorized to plan respects the National Institutes of Health of eligible youth. In 1971 about 45% of the and to implement individually designed pro­ which, as you know, has a budget of 2.5 bil­ appropriate age group attended institutions grams of study, primarily for students with lion dollars a year. There has never been any of higher learning; projections indicate that cross-disciplinary interests. Currently, a comparable federal program for the system the number will reach 70% in 1980. dozen students have developed "majors" in of justice in the country, State and federal. Two distinguished American scholars urban affairs, American studies, theater arts Q . Don't Justice Department grants to (Oscar and Mary Handlin, Facing Life, and dramatic literature, and educational psy­ States and communities for law el).forcement Atlantic-Little Brown, 1971) argue per- chology. carry out this function? suasively that American un1vers1ties have The third charge of the Center is the A. Yes, but in a v~ry limited although an always been the product of a bargain struck development of innovative or experimen­ important way. The Justice Department's between scholars and society: for the tal courses. Primarily seminar-discussion Law Enforcement Assistance Administration scholars, freedom to pursue ideas for their groups, these "courses'' are open to upper­ (LEAA) has tnade grants to police depart­ own sake; for society, a set of institutions classmen and limited in enrollment to ap­ ments for the training of policemen, for two­ that will responsibly exercise authority over proximately fifteen students. In the fall of way radios and more automobiles, better the intellectual and moral development of 1971, the Center offered a course, "War and t raining, and that sort of thing. It has also the young. Our current crisis is perhaps the Christian Conscience," which featured m ade some grants to State courts. But this nothing less or more than an agonizing and weekly visits by outside lecturers skilled in is a very, very small step in relation to the uncertain struggle to nnd the right terms the history, theology or politics of peace­ problem. for a new bargain among a fresh and signif- making from a distinctively Christian per­ The 50 States have no mechanism, except icantly altered set of negotiators. spective. Each speaker addressed an open the recently created National Center for State There can be no mistaking the national public meeting and later met privately with Courts, to function in meeting what is a problem before us: huge numbers of a students registered in the course. Six faculty problem common to all of them. What they heterogeneous population of young :;>evple- members from different departments volun­ need is more resources-money and central heterogeneous in values, attitudes and teered to organize a second seminar to ex­ facilities. The new center provides something abilities-are going and will continue to go amine the ecology crisis from the perspective comparable to the Council of State Govern­ to college and no degree of resolution will of various disciplines. A third offering ments and the Conference of Governors, but make the older academic structures serve brought a member of the Modern Language they need funds that the States seem un­ them all. The "new movement" in f'!duca- Department together with a member of the able to provide. tion, like its experimental forebears dati.ng English department to discuss the novel in What we genuinely need is some central or back to the nineteenth century, articulates eighteenth century France and England. In national facility to deal with the needs of the an urgent social demand that the forms and the spring term, a seminar on legal reason­ judicial systems on a long-range and com­ content of higher education demonstrate ing taught by a Professor from the Harvard prehensive basis, rather than p~ecemeal and utility (i.e., relevance) for the lives of an Law School and designed primarily for stu­ short term. extraordinarily diverse group of young dents planning careers in fields other than people. the law, attracted a huge number of appli- Catholic schools such as Holy Cross are cants; a seminar on "The Urban Dilemma," doubly buffeted by the winds of ::hange, for directed by the Dean of Holy Cross, Rev. Jo­ EXPERIMENTAL EDUCATION AT they must meet the challenge of hetero- seph Fahey, S.J., invites faculty specialists HOLY CROSS geneity both in their religious and their aca- to work together with advanced students in demic aspects. In the early 1960's, Holy Cross a problem-centered format. maintained a relatively inflexible curriculum The fourth, and at the moment the largest, HON. ROBERT F. DRINAN rooted in the traditions of Jesuit education. division of the Center for Experimental Stud­ Priests presided in dormitory corridors as ies is that dealing with fieldwork programs. OF MASSACHUSETTS counsellors and as enforcers of a set of Free of prescribed form or content and pro­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES moral standards which the ~ommunity viding opportunities for off-campus 'involve­ Wednesday, August 16, 1972 (however much it may have chafed) en- ment, the work-study program represents dorsed in the deepest recesses of its con- our most broad-gauged innovation. From the Mr. DRINAN. Mr. Speaker, during the science. In the classroom, men of learning outset, it occupied the front stage of the Cen­ past 18 months several outstanding stu­ and wisdom taught young American ter because of overwhelming student interest dents at Holy Cross College in Worces­ Catholics to appreciate the richness of their and the great challenge it posed to adminis­ ter, Mass., have spent a semester work­ cultural heritage. Now, a decade later, the trative and faculty resources. Over fifty college would be unrecognizable to the men placements were made during the first term ing as interns in my congressional offices. who lived here a short time ago. The youths in field agencies dealing with local and re­ My staff and I have benefited much in the dormitories govern themselves--often gional planning for health, education and from the conscientious efforts of these badly. In the classrooms students ~nd faculty economic development; the care of retarded young men, and I am very pleased that struggle to find a common language with and disturbed children; delinquent youth re­ another Holy Cross student will be with which to address the task of appreciation and habilitation; national, state and local gov­ us this fall. understanding. ernment; scientific research; civic cultural I insert at this point in the RECORD Within the last two or three years Holy enrichment. an article which appeared in the Holy Cross has moved dramatically-not to Work-study projects begin with individual abandon· or diverge from its essential values students' interest in field research or work Cross Quarterly for spring 1972, by the and perspectives-but to modify and adapt in a particular type of agency. The time al­ director of the Center of Experimental its heritage to new conditions. Symbolic of lotted to each project varies from the equiv­ Studies at Holy Cross, Dr. Phyllis Keller. these adaptations is the Office of Special alent of one to the equivalent of four courses. I congratulate Dr. Keller and her asso­ Studies which combines a traditional Honors Students may initiate their own agency ciates on this excellent program. Program (representing commitment to the affiliation or select from a substantial list The article follows: older academic models of education for the provided by the Center staff. Once the stu­ EXPERIMENTAL EDUCATION AT HOLY CROSS gifted) with the new Center for Experi- dent has chosen his project, he is asked to mental Studies, now in its first year and confer with a faculty sponsor to plan the (By Phyllis Keller) committed to finding alternative m3dels and academic framework of his field experience. The so-called "crisis of higher education flexible procedures that will encourage the The "contract" arrived at by faculty sponsor in America" is fundamentally demographic. intellectual growth of all students. Estab- and student provides for coordinated read­ In the aftermath of World War II American lished in the spring of 1971 and funded in ings, regular discussion meetings, and the colleges and universities were· transformed part by a gift from that year's senior class, critical evaluation of research papers or oth­ by the ever broadening base of population the Center is Holy Cross' newest program and er written reports. that they were called upon to serve. In the one that provides a good perspective of the Certain obvious benefits of this combina­ first round of democratization, the issue was problems and possibilities of the college's tion of independent work experience and equality of opryortunity to secure a college present situation. guided study have clearly emerged from the education. New groups in the population The Center for Experimental Studies has first· semester. The plan 1s founded upon were invited to compete-against a rigid and four dimensions. First, it provides opportu- student interests and in most cases the inflexible set of standards-for the social, nities for students to study for a semester motivation to succeed at self-chosen tasks intellectual. and economic rewards that their or a year at selected institutions in Canada has been high. One junior, interested in the talents might earn. From the one extreme and the United States where some special problems of community health care, was as­ of emphasis upon achievement, higher edu­ educational advantage or cultural enrich- signed to work with a Boston physician who cation has moved, in the last decade, to the ment can be gained. Exchange arrangements was also a Holy Cross alumnus. Under this other extreme of emphasis upon ascription: with a small number of schools may permit aegis, the student attended a special seminar the issue is now whether a college degree is a Holy Cross student to study in Montreal, for ltarvard medical students. His project a constitutional right. In response to power­ Toronto, Vancouver, Los Angeles, Chicago or culminated in an extensive and thoughtful ful pressures, the definitions and standards New York, while a student from a sister in- research paper analyzing and evaluating the August 17, 1972 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 28991 operations of a health care unit newly placed possibilities of this fi.exible instrument and recalls to the minds of many of us the in a low income community in Boston. evaluated the results over a two yeac period. distinguished public service rendered by Another student worked as a junior econ­ What has been demonstrated, at the very omist for the Boston Economic Development least, is that the college can find new ways · this son of Tilinois. and Industrial Commission. There he under­ to stimulate and respond to the interests of Mr. Speaker, it was my privilege to took a variety of tasks including a study of a new generation of young people, and to the serve with our former colleague, Senator the feasib111ty of constructing an urban in­ changing needs of society, by drawing upon Smith, in the lllinois House of Repre­ du strial park on a certain site in Boston, the its special resources and adapting its unique sentatives during the entire period from prospects of generating new Jobs for under­ traditions with care, wi.th caution and with 1954 until 1962 when I was first elected privileged workers through granting various conviction. to this body. tax credits to local enterprises, and other In addition to making constant revision matters pertaining to the industrial devel­ of procedures in the light of experience, the A13 majority leader of the lllinois House opment of South Boston. His apprentice­ staff of the Center for Experimental Studies of Representatives and as speaker of ship ended with a full-time job offer-which regularly conducts its own internal planning the Illinois House during the 4 years he turned down in order to go to law school. seminars, in consultation with interested prior to his appointment to the U.S. Sen­ A senior planning to make his career in faculty members and students. One new plan ate, Ralph Smith demonstrated his spe­ religious education worked with children and is to organize workshop seminars for those cial talents of responsible public leader­ parents at Our Lady of the Rosary in Worces­ students working in seminars for those stu­ ship. Following the death of Senator ter, coordinating the parish's CCD program. dents working in similar areas. Those em­ Everett McKinley Dirksen, our Illinois Several students, working in congressional ployed by various health and education plan­ offices in Washington or Massachusetts, ning agencies may benefit from learning Governor, Richard Ogilvie, named Ralph wrote speeches, articles, position papers; act­ about the operations of offices other than Smith to the U.S. Senate where he served ed as detail men and reporters for their em­ their own. We are beginning to send sub­ from September 1969 until January ployers; touched and tasted the heady work­ stantial numbers of students to work in 1971. Although losing his bid for election, ing world of government and politics. community organizations and want to rein­ Senator Smith demonstrated that he At the end of the term, a number of stu­ force this potentially fruitful association by was a tireless campaigner and an articu­ dents reported with satisfaction that "these bringing professional agency personnel and late spokesman on the great public is­ projects eliminate learning that takes place community leaders onto the campus. sues facing the Nation. from the 'neck up' and place much em­ The possibilities of flexible curriculum phasis on involving the whole person." No planning are almost limitless. There is no Mr. Speaker, in the passing of Sena­ one who has worked closely with students reason derived from sacred scripture, for ex­ tor Smith, I feel the loss of a longtime at the Center will claim that fieldwork al­ ample, why a student must be involved in friend and colleague-and one who gave ways effects a greater acquisition of knowl­ four separate courses each semester: perhaps a full measure of his time, energy, and edge than more traditional academic struc­ he should be involved in two courses, twice uncommon talents in behalf of the State tures. But it does for some students, and for as difficult. It is hoped that occasionally an of Illinois and of the Nation. all students there are the fringe benefits of experimental course may prove sufficiently In noting with a sense of personal sor­ an opportunity to explore a greater variety valuable to be subsequently included among row his sudden passing, I wish also to of personal assets, to expand the range of the regular departmental offerings. Perhaps professional role models, to develop special some of them may serve as a breeding ground convey to his widow, Mary Elizabeth, skills and realistic self-images. Still, the great for new programs within departments as and his daughter, Sharon Lynne, my re­ educa-tional rewards of a fieldwork approach participant faculty carry back new interests spect and deep sympathy. come when a student is so captivated by case­ arising from interdisciplinary exchanges. work or other concrete tasks that academic Some venturesome students (with faculty mastery assumes a new urgency and utility. counsel) have already succeeded in develop­ The benefits of this program do not accrue ing model plans of study in fields such as NEW PROGRAM ANNOUNCED: THE to students exclusively. Here, as well as Urban Affairs which might be followed by ASME CONGRESSIONAL FELLOW through the interdisciplinary course offer­ others. This particular program requires no ings, faculty members can develop their own large injection of new energies or funds, but interests and direct field research that the builds upon existing resources in an imagi­ HON. MIKE McCORMACK demands of full-time teaching does not allow native way. OF WASHINGTON them to do directly. Agency supervisors have Several of the programs developed by the been virtually unanimous in applauding the Center offer opporttmities for participation IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES program; many public and private agencies to Holy Cross alumni. Many alumni could Wednesday, August 16, 1972 are minimally staffed and wholly caught up provide interesting work opportunities to in dealing with their everyday concerns. Stu­ undergraduates while tapping themselves Mr. McCORMACK. Mr. Speaker, I am dents bring a valuable outside perspective of some of the idealism, energy, intelligence pleased to announce the opening of the the operations of their offices and provide the and extraordinary abiliti~s of the younger Washington, D.C., omces of the Ameri­ manpower to follow up on actions and deci­ generation. Sometime in the future we should can Society of Mechanical Engineers and sions that otherwise might never be evalu­ like to make provision for a few alumni, on the Institute of Electrical and Electronic ated. Public agency personnel, in particular, leave of absence from their jobs, to come Engineers. This is the beginning of a welcome the opportunity to expose students back to Holy Cross and work here with us, to the complexities of the working world; to studying with our faculty, helping to super­ major communications link between the demonstrate the insufficiency of good inten­ vise students in work-study projects, joining technical community and the Congress. tions in dealing with the intractable prob­ in seminars that may benefit from their pro­ Mr. Bill Miller of the ASME and Mr. lems of social organization and the inherent fessional expertise. Ralph Clark of the IEEE have assm·ed ambiguities ·of human behavior. It is often a matter of complaint for older me that they will cooperate with Con­ Of course, not all of the students nor all men who return to their college that things gress in obtaining information, reports, of the projects succeeded. Some students, have changed and they neither understand and technical witnesses on any subject assigned relatively routine tasks, completed nor admire the direction of the change. The within their respective fields. them mechanically and waited to be told Center for Experimental Studies is a poten­ what to do next. One or two were charged tial link between the past generations and In addition, the ASME is taking what with solving problems that were over their the present for it offers all parties a special I believe to be an important and encour­ heads-ironically, these were students who opportunity to take the initiative in joining aging step by advertising in their Journal performed very well in the classroom. As together in the common and serious enter­ for applicants for the position of ASME with every new program, there were "first prises of work and study. congressional fellow. I cannot think of try" administrative mistakes in the selection a better method of encouraging men of of students and agencies; but these were, science to become involved in the govern­ fortunately, minimal. There were some seri­ mental process, while giving the Congress ous misconceptions about the significance of THE LATE SENATOR RALPH TYLER the benefit of their expertise. I would the academic component of projects; these SMITH have been correc·ted after a mid-semester hope that other technical societies will . period of evaluation, discussion and pla-nning follow their lead . for revisions. Student pa.rticipation in proj­ HON. ROBERT McCLORY The advertisement follows: ects for the second term has increased by OF ILLINOIS NEW PROGRAM ANNOUNCED: THE ASME 30%, faculty by 17% and agency by 40 %. CONGRESSIONAL FELLOW IN Where do we go from here? The various THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES A program to sponsor ASME Congressional programs of the Center have excited consid­ Monday, August 14, 1972 Fellows has recently been authorized by the erable interest and enthusiasm on the cam­ Executive Committee of the Council. The pus and in the community. Surely more than Mr. McCLORY. Mr. Speaker, the recent program calls for ASME to send engineers novelty is respoilS>ible, but we cannot tell how passing of my longtime friend and for a yea.r at the Nation's capitol 1n Washing­ much more until we ha.ve played out the former U.S. Senator, Ralph Tyler Smith, ton and for each to be associated with a con- CXVIII--1826-Part 22 28992 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 'August 17, 1972 gressman or a congressional committee as a "How is my son?" A wife asks: "Is my Not only has the size of the inventory resource person. This sponsorship would be husband alive or dead?" changed but so has its makeup . . shared with the engineer's employer, who "Fifty per cent of the merchandise in a would treat the time away from his regular Communist North Vietnam is sadis­ hardware store today wasn't there in 1946,'' job in the nature of a sabbatical leave. While tically practicing spiritual and mental Clark said. the prime purpose of the program would be genocide on over 1,757 American prison­ Latex paints, teflon, transistors, epoxy to assist the legislative process by making ers of war and their families. glues-none of them were around 25 years technical expertise available, both the indi­ How long? ago, he said. vidual Fellows and their employers would "Last week I talked with the president of benefit from the experience. In the long run, a company that did $80 million worth of the program is seen as a step toward better business last year. Everything they make was t echnical input in the setting of public VICTOR CLARK OF WICHITA, nonexistent 15 years ago. That's an indica­ policy. ELECTED PRESIDENT OF NA­ tion how fast we're living today,'' Clark The program, patterned on the highly suc­ TIONAL RETAIL HARDWARE AS­ added. cessful experience of the American Political Just as the merchandise they sell has Science Association, has developed from a SOCIATION changed, so has the hardware business itself, suggestion which came out during a joint Clark continued. meeting of ASME members with congres­ "Many have gone out of business but the sional leaders last December. It is a direct HON. GARNER E. SHRIVER hardware business is a long way from being response to a number of the ASME GOALS, OF KANSAS dead. The hardware business is basically a particularly the Overriding Goal: "To move traditional service-type business. No one yet vigorously from what is now a society with IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES has been able to duplicate good service. The essentially technical concerns to a society Wednesday, August 16, 1972 big home centers and discount stores don't that, while serving the technical interests have the personnel, knowledge or know-how. of its members ever better, is increasingly Mr. SHRIVER. Mr. Speaker, we in the The guy nationwide who wants service still professional in its outlook, sensitive to the Kansas Fourth District are especially goes to a hardware store,'' Clark maintained. engineer's responsibility to the public in­ proud that Victor Clark, of Wichita, has "The type of competition has changed re· terest, and dedicated to a leadership role in been elected president of the National markably too," he went on. making technology a true servant of man." Retail Hardware Association, the largest Clark sees the large merchandisers-K­ The Congressional Fel!ow would be closely Mart, David's, Wickes Lumber, Star Lumber associated with a congressman or commit­ retail trade association in the United States. Mr. Clark, a constituent of mine, & Supply, Sears and Montgomery Ward-as tee concerned with legislation on subjects competition. for which an understanding of mechanical exemplifies the small businessman in our engineering is important. He would have Nation who has achieved success by pro­ To meet them he concentrates on service, available to him the facilities of the office viding good service and following a pol­ full inventories, effective advertising and of William P. Miller, ASME's Washington icy of honesty, integrity, and hard work. sound business practices. . "Sti~l, while things are changing, honesty, representative, in calling on the resources of He has devoted 45 years to his hardware the Society. mtegnty and hard work are the best poli­ For the first year ASME will p·rovide up to business in Wichita. He will be an effec­ cies," Clark said. "You've got to stay flexible half of the cost for one man with the under­ tive spokesman for the small business­ and move with the times." standing that his employer ·would provide men of this Nation and the members of He is a firm believer in advertising, even the other half. Facilities of the Congress will the National Retail Hardware Associa­ for the small businessman. make office space and secretarial support tion. It is a pleasure to congratulate him "The guy who doesn't advertise is helping available. In taking this fl.ction, the Executive on this high honor which has been given his competition out," he said. "We can't com­ Committee of the Council views this one­ him. pete with Wards and Sears in advertising. time cost as seed money, fer which reserve Bruce Sankey, business writer for the But we set a budget and live with it. We funds are available. The action also called keep our name before the public." for the exploration of other sources for fund­ Wichita, Kans., Eagle, recently wrote an He splits his advertising 50-50 between the ing in future years. interesting feature article concerning institutional and pricing. The National Re­ MEMBERS MAY APPLY Victor Clark which I include under the tail Hardware Associe,tion also advertises in leave to extend my remarks in the REc­ national publications for its members. The first step for a member of ASME in­ ORD: His 4,000-square-foot store is well lighted, terested in applying for the followship avail- . displays are attractive and shelves are full. able in 1973 would be to establish with his SMALL WICHITA BUSINESSMAN ELECTED HEAD employer the basis under which he could be 01'' 20,000 HARDWARE RETAILERS Although Clark's business is small in com­ made available. Applications will be held in (By Bruce Sankey) parison to some of the large hardware out­ confidence and should be directed to Dr. lets and home centere in operation today, he Rogers B. Finch, Executive Director and Sec­ For 35 years Victor Clark has operated the is in every sense of the word a successful retary, ASME, 345 East 47th Street, New York, same small hardware store at the same loca­ merchandise retailer. N.Y. 10017. tion in west Wichita. By some standards he "The key to merchandising is moving mer­ Each application should include: might be considered just another small busi­ chandise," Clark said. "The day is gon e 1, A resume covering education, engineer­ nessman in a city that has hundreds of them. when you can buy something and let it set ing, experience, and _.>ertinent personal fac­ But Vic Clark has set himself apart. Yet, out and hope that someone will buy it. We tors. at the same time, he typifies the small re­ can't move merchandise as fast as K-Mart, 2. A statement describing the terms of the tailer who is alert and responsive to change but we turn it over." applicant's leave from his employer. This in his own field. Last week Victor Clark achieved the pinna­ While Clark has preferred to remain a should state his current salary and the total small dealer, he has actively and enthusias­ amonnt of financial support which the em­ cle in his field when he was elected president of the National Retail Hardware Association tically supported NRHA programs gea.red ployer would provide. toward large-volume stores such as the for­ 3. A letter describing the way the applicant (NRHA), the largest retail trade association views this position and how his experience in the United States. mation of the Home Center Institute to sup­ and abilities qualify him for the post. ·"It's quite an honor to represent 20,000 port superstores dealing in lumber-buildin g Applcations will be received up until Nov. hardware retailers," he said after his return materials as wen as hardware. 1, 1972, and should cover a period of one from the 73rd annual NRHA · Congress at His dedication to the hardware industry is year beginning no earlier than Jan. 1, 1973. Atlanta, Ga. reflected in his election in 1956 to the board of Hardwaremen operating independent the Western Retail Implement and Hard­ nor later than Mar. 1, 1973. stores in more than 10,000 cities in the U.S. and Canada are members of the 26 state, re­ ware Association and to its presidency in gional and Canadian hardware associations 1962. He also has represented the Western Association as a member of the NRHA's board comprising the organization Clark now heads. MAN'S INHUMANITY TO MAN­ The Wichitan's election caps a hardware of governors. HOW LONG? career that spans 45 of his 55 years. During the next year he will make more At the age of 10 he began working in his than 20 trips around the country represent­ grandfather's hardware store. Ten years ing the NRHA, culminating in June with a HON. WILLIAM J. SCHERLE later. in 1937, he purchased a bankrupt trip to Cannes, France. OF IOWA hardware store at 1718 W. Douglas, assuming Clark said he got into the hardware busi­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES $1,500 in debt on a $500 stock. ness because he wanted to be in a service­ type industry. Wednesday, August 16, 1972 Over the years that "one-horse store" of 1937 with an inventory of less than 4,000 "It's been goorl to me," he ·said. "I've lived Mr. SCHERLE. Mr. Speaker, a child items has grown to more than 15,000 differ­ within my means, paid my bills and made a asks: "Where is daddy?" A mother asks: ent pieces of merchandise today. comfortable living." August 17, 1972 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 28993 FIFTIETH ANNIVERSARY .OF UNICO UNICO National has demonstrated its are other decent men there, not even count­ NATIONAL deep concern .for humanitarian pro­ ing the sainted junior senator from New grams and for improving the health and York, successor to Robert Kennedy in the af­ fections of New York's constituents. And it welfare of our communities through such is not the purpose of this essay to suggest HON. ELLA T. GRASSO projects as UNICO National Mental OF CONNECTICUT that Sen. McGovern is other than a decent Health Research Center. I am especially man. It is rather the purpose to suggest that IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES grateful for strong suppor't of the Uni­ that which is decent about him is expressed Wednesday, August 16, 1972 cans for H.R. 15474, the National Cooley's other than in his political rhetoric. Anemia Control Act, which I sponsored But I fear that he has another image of Mrs. GRASSO. Mr. Speaker, it is a and which has now passed both Houses himself than that which collectors of his re­ special pleasure for me to join in honor­ of Congress. Calling on the country to marks come up with, and before the cam­ ing the 50th anniversary of UNICO Na­ paign heats up, he should be reminded of it. again assume the lead in health research, Particularly before he sets his course to the tional. Dr. Basile stated on behalf of UNICO: On August 19, at the UNICO golden deploring of the rhetorical excesses of Spiro We strongly endorse the House of Repre­ Agnew. anniversary convention in Miami Beach, sentatives to take a step forward in the fight Here is Nick Kotz of the Washington Post Dr. John X. R. Basile of Hartford, Conn., for the prevention of Cooley's Anemia. (May 17, 1972) · commenting on Sen. Mc­ will be installed as national president to Govern whom he had just interviewed. "As guidP, the beginning of UNICO's second The concern shown by such-civic orga­ he talked in his office, McGovern returned 50 years. Dr. Basile has given years of nizations as UNICO has helped push this repeatedly to the theme that he had tried to dedicated service and leadership to the vital legislation through both the House calm rather than incite the public to anger. Connecticut chapter and to UNICO na­ and Senate. UNICO's support for this 'I have sought not to appeal to humanity and tional. He initiated the Italian heritage important bill deserves the commenda­ reason,' he said. 'There's plenty of anger and and cultural program, founded the tion and appreciation of all who suffer tension without our leaders adding to it. I from Cooley's anemia. thinlc a conciliatory approach is needed ••." UNICO Foundation Century Club, edited A conciliatory approach is not going to be the cultural supplement to the national Mr. Speaker, UNICO national has tempered on McGovern rhetoric, and the gen­ magazine, and most recently, served as demonstrated its deep concern for hu­ tleman's habits of harsh and uncharitable national executive vice president of the manitarian programs through its over­ overstatement are not purely the accretions organization. Dr. Basile's election as na­ seas relief work, and its efforts on behalf of a presidential campaign. Back in 1964 tional president is a well-deserved tribute of young people, the handicapped and the (CoNGRESSIONAL REcoRD, vol. 110, pt. 16, needy in this country. I extend my best p. 21690), he was saying about another to his untiring work for UNICO. All of decent man in the Senate of the United us who live in Connecticut are proud that wishes to UNICO national and especially to Dr. Basile, as UNICO celebrates its States: "I regard Mr. Goldwater as the most Dr. Basile is the first UNICO national unstable, radical and extremist ever to run president from New England. 50th anniversary. I know this admirable for the presidency in eitner'"POlitic!'al party." UNICO's work is recognized through­ service organization will continue its out­ And about yet another decent colleague-­ out the Nation. Since Dr. Anthony P. standing contributions to the civic life of from the same state-Karl Mundt of South Vastola founded the UNICO clubs in America. Dakota: "I don't know how he (Mundt) felt about me . . . but I know I hated his guts Waterbury, Conn. in 1922, and was hon­ ... I hated him so much I lost my sense of orary president, this admirable organi­ WILL THE REAL GEORGE McGOVERN balance." (Robert Sam Anson. "McGovern: A zation has consistently fulfilled its noble STAND UP? Biography," p. 93). purpose: to take an active and construc­ And one more time on a colleague: "But tive role in community life, and by so (Sen. Henry) Jackson destroyed whatever doing to represent the contributions HON. LOUIS C. WYMAN chance he had of becoming the Democratic nominee by embracing racism in the anti­ made to ~..merica by the spirit and energy OF NEW HAMPSHIRE busing campaign, Sen. McGovern said." of our Italian-American citizens. During IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the 25 years from the founding of the (Chris Lydon, N.Y. Times, March 19, 1972). Wednesday, August 16, 1972 And after J. Edgar Hoover died, McGovern UNICO clubs until 1947, Dr·. Vastola and gave an interview. (Life Magazine, July 7, his associates vigorously promoted their Mr. WYlVLAN. Mr. Speaker, the extent 1972). "Hoover had lived beyond the normal organization. The UNICO clubs united of GEORGE McGoVERN's radicalism is a years, so I couldn't feel the pathos I would men of Italian heritage to further the matter of public record in his bills, his for a young man. I could feel nothing but interests of the entire community. With speeches and his writings. relief that he was no longer a public servant." success came expansion of the organiza­ On the Indochinese war, it is hard to think Beyond his commitment to increasing of Sen. McGovern as stable. "I think the re­ tion in 1947 when the UNICO clubs sharply the tax burden on middle-level election of Richard Nixon in 1972 would be merged with the National Civic League, a Americans to give money to those with an open hunting right for this man to give midwestern Itali-an-American organiza­ lesser incomes, and his announced com­ in to all his impulses for a major war against tion well-known for outstanding accom­ mitment to deeply reduce U.S. defense the people of Indochina.'' (Sp~~ch, Catholic plishments in scholarship awards and capabilities, and his support of forced University, April 20, 1972). Aiid, "I've said youth work. The result was the creation busing of children to achieve racial bal­ many times that the Nixon bombing policy of UNICO national. The years since that ance in the schools, are his statements of on Indochina is the most barbaric action that merger have brought Unicans national any country has committed since Hitler's ef­ disaffection and even hatred toward such fort to exterminate Jews in Germany in the recognition as members of one of the as J. Edgar Hoover, Senators GoLDWA­ 1930s." (Interview with Gregg Herrington, AP most productive community service or­ TER and MUNDT, and President Richard June 29, 1972.) To liken Richard Nixon (and ganizations in history. M. Nixon. Lyndon Johnson) not only to Hitler but to The UNICO motto, ''Service Above He has even compared Nixon's effort to the worst that Hitler ever did is, well, among Self," is a philosophy of life epitomized render ineffective North Vietnam's inva­ other things, perverse .. ' in. the activities by which Unicans sion of South Vietnam with Hitler's ef­ But that is characteristic when touching throughout the country carry out their fort to exterminate Jews in Germany. on the subject of Vietnam. President Nixon in "has descended to a new level of barbarism worthy objectives. Membership a The real GEORGE MCGOVERN is a radi­ and foolhardiness for no other reason than UNICO chapter encourages one to be­ cal extremist whose policies and program to save his own face and to prop up the cor­ come service oriented, requires high would be a disaster for the United States. rupt regime of Thieu." (AP, April 16, 1972). ethical standards in one's occupation, In this connection I commend the And speaking of Thieu, he is a "corrupt dic­ and demands an interest in community reading of William Buckley's column in tator who jails opponents, a despicable crea­ welfare. UNICO, the Italian word for yesterday's Washington Star-News. ture who doesn't merit the life of a single "unique," symbolizes unity, neighbor­ The article follows: American soldier or for that matter a single liness, integrity, charity, and opportu­ Vietnamese." (UPI, April 7, 1972.) And "I MCGOVERN'S DECENCY LIES OUTSIDE HIS want to be blunt about it," says Sen. McGov­ nity, the ideals fostered by the organi­ RHETORIC ern. "(Nixon's) playing politics with the lives zation's dedicated business and profes­ (By William F. Buckley, Jr.) of American soldiers and with American pris­ sional men. UNICO has perpetuated I t has been frequently quoted about George oners rotting in their cells in Hanoi. He's these ideals through a growing scholar­ McGovern that he is "the only decent man in putting his own political selfish interests ship program which provides an educa­ the Senate." Now that quote is the late Rob­ ahead of the welfare of these young Ameri­ tion for hundreds of the best Italian­ ert Kennedy's, and it does, I truly believe, an cans and ahead of the taxpayers of this coun­ American students. injustice to the Senate. I am sure that there try who are bearing the burden." 28994 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS August 17, 1972

I want to be blunt about it. Sen. Mc- CITIZEN INTEREST HIGH AS CON- the July 24, 1972, deadline. Answers were Govern's animadversions on his fellow hu- STITUENTS RESPOND TO COUGH- tabulated carefully under statistical pro- man beings are-indecent, LIN QUESTIONNAIRE cedures to guarantee that errors were at a minimum. QUESTIONNAIRE RESULT MICHIGAN SOLDIER RECEIVES HON. LAWRENCE COUGHLIN 1. Assuming any alternative must provide YLVANIA for the safe return of our men and release BRONZE STAR MEDAL OF PENNS of our prisoners, which best expresses your IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES viewpoint on iVetnam? (one only) HON. JOHN D. DINGELL Wednesday, August 16, 1972 [All figures indicate percent ] OF MICHIGAN Mr. COUGHLIN. Mr. Speaker, the re- Any commitment to South Vietnam has been fulfilled and we should termi- IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES results are now available for my fourth nate all our military operations at the annual of citizens of Pennsylvania's Wednesday, August 16, 1972 poll earliest possible date-____---_-__-_-_ 57 13th Congressional District. I am happy We have a commitment to South Viet- Mr. DINGELL. Mr. Speaker, Sp4c. Rex to report the results to my colleagues nam and should continue combat op- A. Johnson, the son of Mr. and Mrs. since the questions and answers are per- erations to support the Saigon gov- George Gross of River Rouge, Mich., was tinent to many key issues that face the ernment 10 awarded the Bronze Star Medal for his Nation. We should employ stronger military va.lor while serving in the Republic of I am also sending a copy of the results means to defeat the North Vietnamese Vietnam. This young man is most deserv- to President Nixon whose initiatives in and Viet Cong_----_--_-__-_---__--_- 17 this recognition and honor. There- We should accommodate Hanoì's insist- ing of both the foreign and domestic ñelds ence on a coalition government in of his Bronze Star fore, I insert the text formed the basis for many of the ques- South Vietnam if necessary to achieve Medal Award from the Department of tions. peace 9 the Army at this point in the CONGRES- In submitting the tal)ulation to my None of above (specify) -___-_.---____- 7 SIONAL RECORD . colleagues, I want to point out that the 2. Are you generally satisfied with the way (General Orders, Number 555) 13th Congressional District represents a economic and wage price controls are work- AWARD OF THE BRONZE STAR MEDAL cross-section of population. Represented ing? DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY, are heavily urbanized areas, less densely Yes 18 HEADQUARTERS, U.S. ARMY populated suburban sections, and rural No 73 SUPPORT COMMAND, SAIGON, communities. Undecided 9 APO Sam, Francisco, May 30,1972. kIaíny constituents, as they do daily If no, would you support more or less strict TC 439. The followlng award is announced: throughout the year, took the time to controls on: Johnson, Rex A. xxx-xx-xxxx Specialist write to me. In keeping with their in- Wages: More, 79; less, 21. Four USA 228th Supply and Services formed and concerned view of our coun- Prices generally: More, 92; less, 8. Company (DS). Corporate proñts: More, 83; less, 17. Awarded: Bronze Star Medal with "V" De- try, they ampliñed on the questionnaire and displayed a keen knowledge of the Rents: More, 87; less, 13. Vice. Food prices: More, 92; less 8. Date of Service: 16 April 1972. problems that confront us. While per- Other (specify) : More, 93; less, 6. Theater: Republic of Vietnam. turbed over issues, constituents over- (Does not total 100 percent). Authority: By direction of the President of whelmingly adopted a realistic view of spending involves your tax dot- the United States under the provisions of difficulties and the means with which we 3. Federal 24 1962, lars. Should we spend more, less or the same Executive Order 11046, August must resolve them. Federal tax eífort as presently on the fol- AR 672-5-1 and USARV Supplement 1 to AR 672-5-1. To get an idea of their overall opinion lowing: of the United States, I asked a broad Education : Reason: For valor, not involved in aerial More, 49; less, 18; same, 33. flight, in connection with military opera- question of the state of the Nation. Seven out of 10 respondents felt we are in a fair Aid to elderly: tions against a hostile force in the Republic More, 65; less, 5; same, 30. of Vietnam during the morning of 16 April state with lots to improve. They indicated Environmental protection: 1972 and throughout the following day. SP4 in their written comments, the tradition- More, 62; less, 10; same, 28. Rex A, Johnson distinguished himself by ex- al American urge to make things better. Defense (other than Vietnam) : ceptionally valorous performance of his du- A clear majority wanted our involve- More, 13; less, 52; same, 35. ties during a rocket, morta,r and small arms ment in South Vietnam ended with 57 Public transportation: penetration attempt. At the onset of the at- percent feeling that our commitment has More, 54; less, 16; same, 30. ta·ck, he was in the crucial sector designated been fulfilled and we should terminate all Aid to poor: as the most likely avenue of approach. It was More, 29; less, 32; same, 39. at this point that this sector received small our military operations at the earliest possible date. Health care: arms ñre, almost simultaneously with the di- More, 51; less, 14; same, 35. rect hit on the ammunition dump, Amid the In other important areas, the majority aid: onslaught of a heavy and continuous rain of Foreign of citizens were not generally satisñed More, 2; less, 82; same, 16. shrapnel, the "Brighteyes" crew held ñrm in with the way economic and wage-price their position. Power was shortly knocked 4. Which best expresses your feelings about controls are working, and favored more the State of our Nation? (one only) out and the "Brighteyes" crew put their high strict controls in every category. Opin- intensity light into action and immediately Good: little to improve------____.__-- 10 drew small arms ñre. Together with the sur- ions were diverse on spending of Federal Fair: lots to improve-__-----_---_-_-__ '70 rounding positions, the small arms fire was tax dollars in speciñc ñelds. Poor: needs complete overhaul-_.__.-_. 17 suppressed. Emergency lighting was obtained The response was overwhelmingly Other (specify)_--_-___.-_.._____-____ 3 some time later, but only after the supply of against busing both for the purpose of busing of flares and ammunition had been reduced to 5. Court-ordered decisions on racial balance and where boundaries re- school children are affecting many more a dangerously low level. Unhesitatingly, the crew immediately volunteered to make a dash sult from official policies. Constituents school districts throughout the country. through the hail of exploding shrapnel to also favored stronger consumer measures A. Do you favor busing of school children obtain the necessary resupply of flares and even if cost of goods are higher, supported to achieve racial balance? ammunition. Specialist Johnson's profession- legislation I sponsored to increase social Yes 9 alism as a soldier and his willingness to face security benefits by 20 percent--already No 85 extreme danger, saved the sector frorn pos- enacted into law-and Undecided 6 sible penetration. His initiative, zeal, te.iac- approved of na- ity, sound judgment and devotion to duty tional legislation to establish no-fault B. Do you favor busing to promote inte- have been jn the highest traditions of the auto insurance. gration where Courts have found officially- sanctioned segregation or artificially-con- military service and reñect great credit upon These and other questions and answers himself, his unit and the United States Army. are included in this insertion in the Corq- trived school boundaries? For the Commander: Yes 25 GRESSIONAL RECORD. JOHN W. MCCARTHY, No LTC, GS, Acting Chief ol Stay The questionnaires were printed-not Undecided 687 OFFICIAL: at Government expense-and sent to all 6. Do you favor amnesty for those who left HOWARD B. SMITH, households and boxholders in the district. the country because of objections to serving 2LT, SC, Acting Asst AG. There were 18,236 individual responses by in Vietnam? (one only) August 17, 1972 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 28995

Now ------13 table only because so many individuals massive flooding that will occur in the Red After alternate service______30 have been taken in by it. The Commu­ River delta this month with the fiat lie that After the fighting stops and alternate nists must sit back and chuckle when U.S. planes are systematically bombing the service ------22 even their most outrageous claims are · dikes and flood control system of that area. Never ------35 In spreading this enormous lie the North 7. Do you approve the President's effo:ts given credence by gullible leaders Vietnamese Communists are being aided by to change the emphasis of our foreign pollcy throughout the world, especially in our U.S. and neutral observers who are being from cold war confrontation to new era ne­ own country. No doubt this "dike cam­ deliberately shown part of the facts that gotiation with Communist powers? paign" has been successful beyond their lead to a totally erroneous conclusion. wildest imagination. Here is what is really happen~ng. Last Yes ------­ 86 6 Faced, as we are, with daily harangues August, the Red River delta was hit by mas­ No ------sive flooding that caused enormous loss of Undecided ------8 about "criminal" and "murderous" acts life and economic damage. Pictures of this 8. If industry and governmental bodies ?'re perpetrated by our country, it is refresh­ massive flooding taken by U.S. reconnaissance made to conform to strict anti-pollutiOn ing to run across an article which gives planes in August, 1971, when there had been standards, would you be willing to pay more us something to think about from the absolutely no bombing in this area for three taxes to help clean up and protect our en­ other side of the coin. I include the ar­ years, are shown on page 17 of this issue. vironment? ticle entitled "Spreading the Big Lie" These floods created severe damage to the Yes ------55 from Aviation Week magazine, August 7, dike and flood control system, much of which has not been repaired. No ------3132 1972, at this point in the RECORD: Undecided __ ------The reason very few repairs were made in [From Aviation Week magazine, Aug. 7, the last 12 months was because most of the 9. Would you favor a value-added (na­ 1972] tional sales) tax as a method to reduce local large labor force that would normally do this property taxes? SPREADING THE BIG LIE work was diverted to building supply roads (By Robert Hotz) and depots in the south to prepare for the Yes ------29 Fabricating and spreading a big lie to shift massive offensive launched by North Viet­ No ------~~ nam last Easter. Undecided ------the blame for a critical domestic problem to a foreign foe has long been a standar_d Now the Hanoi government is facing an­ 10. Do you favor President Nixon's policy other flood season with a badly damaged sys­ of continuing to supply jet aircraft to Israel practice of Communist nations. Most Amen­ cans have now forgotten the elaborate hoax tem of dikes. The easiest explanation, both for defense? the Chinese and North Koreans perpetrated for the population that will die and suffer during the Korean war to convince thei.r own in the ensuing floods and that part of the Yes ------54 world that is always ready to believe the No ------32 people and the rest of the world that the Un.decided -'------14 U.S. was waging germ warfare in Korea. But worst of the U.S., is that this damage is caused by U.S. bombing attacks. This is an­ 11. Federal Courts have struck down s~ate members of this magazine's staff who covered · other enormous lie. It is true that some U.S. laws to aid non-public schools. If a Constltu­ that war remember it well. There is still a tional means could be found to aid non-pub­ residue of belief in Asia and Europe that bombs have hit a few dikes where they lic schools, would you favor such action? carry a main rail or highway supply line. the U.S. really sprinkled virulent bacteria are near oil storage depots and protect SAM 49 from its aircraft onto North Korea when in missile or anti-aircraft batteries. But the Yes ------­ fact it did not. No ------44 massslve dama.ge to the flood control system Undecided ------7 The combination of Oriental sanitation in the Red River delta was caused a year ago 12. Do you feel conditions warrant increas­ standards aug the ravages of war created and has been photographed in deail by U.S. ing basic Social Security benefits by 20 % epidemics of serious proportions of di~eas~s reccmnaissance planes for the past 11 months. as proposed in legislation I have sponsored? such as typhus, influenza and typhOld m We think the Nixon Administration is North Korea and the bordering areas of 67 being stupid in not releasing a thorough Yes ------­ China. To divert their people from the real documentation of this 11-month-old flood No ------24 causes of the epidemics and try to turn damage along with the many ~ictures that Undecided ______------9 world opinion against the U.S., the Commu­ 13. Do you favor national legislation to show flak guns and SAM battenes emplaced nists decided to invent the big lie of germ on these dikes firing at U.S. aircraft. . establish no-fault automobile insurance? warfare. It was a cleaverly constructed cam­ It took a full-scale briefing with greatly paign based on easily provable facts laced Yes ------70 magnified photo-recon pictures to convince No ------15 together by blatant lies. For example, the both U.S. citizens and foreign diplomats that Undecided ------15 Communists said th~ viruses were spread by there really were Russian offensive ballistic 14. Would you approve of stronger con­ infected goose and duck feathers scattered missiles in Cuba in the fall of 1962. A similar sumer protection measures even if they re­ from inside U.S. fighter fuel drop tanks. exercise to expose the big lie of dike bombing sult in higher costs of goods? The communists provided traveling exhib­ in Vietnam would be equally salutary. its of U.S. bomb casings and duck feathers The testimony of Western "eyewitnesses" Yes ------­ 53 to which were affixed visible black bugs. 33 on bomb damage in North Vietnam is no No ------Since loose duck feathers are ~ standard part Undecided ____ ------14 more reliable than were the reports of Bur­ of Oriental debris and fuel drop tanks were chett and Winnington on germ warfare from Party preference of those responding spattered all over Korea, this made a cred­ North Korea. These current eyewitnesses are Republican ------64 ible pattt..rn. The fact that tht' diseases run­ expertly led around by Hanoi officials who ning rampant were caused by invisible bac­ Democrat ------20 permit them to see just enough of what has Non-partisan ------­ 15 teria and not the cockroach size bugs on transpired to let them jump to an erroneous Other (specify)------1 display was an irrelevant detail. conclusion. The whole fabrication was tied together Much of the alleged U.S. bomb damage they Ages of those responding and given credibility by the false confessions 2 are shown has in fact been created by Rus­ 18 to 21------tortured from U.S. Air Force and Marine sian built SAM anti-aircraft missiles fired 21 to 35------24 pilots who were prisoners of war. These false 30 futilely at U.S. planes. The SA-2 carries a 35 to 60------confessions were so elaborately laced with 420-lb. high-explosive warhead encased in 50 to 65------30 air base locations, commanders names, types 65 and over ______14 double metal wrapping. This is roughly the of bombs and operational procedures that same volume of explosive carried in a stand­ even seasoned U.S. war correspondents, well ard u.s. 750-lb bomb. When a SAM misses steeped in military censorship and evasion, its aerial target, it falls to earth and blows wondered about the truth of these charges. up, maki·ng a crater about the same size as SPREADING THE BIG LIE The Communist line on germ warfare was a U.S. bomb and showering metal shrapnel trumpeted to the English language press over a 600-ft. lethal radius. Over 2,000 SA-2s of the world by the two British Communists, have been fired in North Vietnam since April. HON. FLOYD SPENCE Wilfred Burchett and Alan Winnington who Only a handful have exploded near U.S. OF SOUTH CAROLINA covered the war from North Korea in much planes. The surface damage in the vicinity of the same manner some Americans are now IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Hanoi and Haiphong from these spent SAMs viewing the Vietnam war from Hanoi. must be enormous. How can a passing "eye­ Wednesday, August 16, 1972 When the Korean war was over and cen­ witness" tell the difference in craters or dam­ sorship ended, there was not a single s!lred age between a U.S. bomb and a spent SAM? Mr. SPENCE. Mr. Speaker, in recent of valid evidence to support the Communist There are two salient facts in the current weeks the American people, along with thesis that the U.S. had conducted germ war­ big lies being spread from Hanoi. First, the the rest of the world, have been bom­ fare in Korea.· Even the Communists quickly u.s. is not deliberately or systematically tar­ barded with wild propaganda concerning dropped their campaign. . geting or bombing the Red River delta dike the bombing of dikes in North Vietnam. Now in Vietnam they are perpetrating a system. The occasional bomb strikes J;lave cre­ This particular propaganda effort is no- similar hoax by trying to explain away the ated only a tiny fraction of the mass1ve dam- 28996 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS August 17, 1972 age still left from the 1971 :flood season. Sec­ empowers the Secretary of Housing arid Mr. Speaker, the substitute also crip­ ond, much of the alleged U.S. bomb damage Prban Development to determine wheth­ ples other important provisions of title shQwn tQ foreigners in Hanoi and Haiphong er maximum settlement charges should IX. is in fact damage created by SA-2 missiles smashing back to earth. It is time the Nixon . be established for federally insured and Section 903 directs the Secretary of Administration abandoned its defensive pos­ guaranteed· mortgages and to set such Housing and Urban Development to de­ ture and made clear to the American peQple maximums. In the 2 years since enact­ velop a standard form for the statement and the rest of the world the big lies being ment of this legislation HUD has con­ of settlement charges and section 905 spread on U,S. bomb damage by Hanoi. ducted an exhaustive study of settle­ requires residential mortgage lenders to ment transactions in various regions provide home buyers with a statement of throughout the country. The findings of these charges at least 10 days prior to this study strongly indicate the need for settlement, so that borrowers will have DESTRUCTION OF REAL ESTATE establishment of maximum settlement an opportunity to examine individual SETTLEMENT REFORM charges. Accordingly, the Secretary of items and take whatever action is neces- Housing and Urban Development issued sary to protect their interests. . HON. LEO NOR K. SULLIVAN a notice of proposed rulemaking on maxi.:. The substitute amendment provides mum charges, fees, or discounts for fed­ that the 10 days notification requirement QF MISSOURI erally insured and guaranteed mortgages may be waived. There is little doubt in IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES and insured home improvement loans in my mind that some, or many, lenders and Wednesday, August 16, 1972 late June. It is expected that the maxi­ settlement attorneys will not hesitate to Mrs. SULLIVAN. Mr. Speaker, every mum settlement charges promulgated pressure home buyers into waiving the American family which purchases a by HUD would become effective some 10-day notification requirement. This home is confronted by, and usually hor­ time this fall. will result in the settlement charges not rified by, the closing costs it must pay Adoption of the substitute for title IX being presented to the buyer until the at the time of settlement. Most of these would prevent HUD from implementing closing, when there is little opportunity costs are necessary and legitimate­ regulations which will save federally in­ to determine their validity or fairness. such things as real estate taxes, some sured and guaranteed residential mort­ In effect the substitute proposal will per­ legal fees, title search, title insurance, gage borrowers 50 to 75 percent of the mit continuation of the present indefen­ and so forth. But a pattern has grown settlement costs they would otherwise sible practice of presenting the home up in the real estate industry of inflating have to pay in some sections of the Na­ buyer at settlement with a confusing wel­ the legitimate charges with all kinds of tion. A vote for the substitute represents ter of documents and charges which can- legal extortion-including kickbacks to a vote for inflated and unjustified settle­ not be questioned. · developers, payments to lawyers who per­ ment charges. Section 904 of title IX directs the form no services, fees to lawyers who The substitute would offer a new sec­ Secretary of Housing and Urban Devel­ provide service for the lender but whose tion 902 which simply directs the Secre­ opment to prepare and distribute special fees are paid by the borrower, excessive tary of Housing and Urban Development booklets designed to help home buyers charges for duplicated title searches, and to determine within 1 year if it is neces­ understand the nature and the cost of so on. sary to establish maximum settlement settlement. An itemized list indicating In title IX of the housing bill pending charges and whether such maximum the maximum amounts which the home­ before the Committee on Banking and charges can be effectively imposed buyer should reasonably be prepared to Currency, we are trying to protect the through State or local regulation which pay is required to be included in the book­ homebuyer from these excessive and un­ meets federally established minimum let. The substitute proposal would elim­ conscionable charges. It is the most con­ standards. This contrasts with the pres­ inate the listing of reasonable maximum troversial title of the bill because it steps ent proposals in title IX which would be charges from the booklet, this prevent­ on, and regulates, practices which have enforced by the Federal Housing Admin­ ing the home buyer from having any been built into the real estate industry istration, the Federal Deposit Insurance guideline by which to make a judgment over many years to increase the incomes Corporation and the Federal Savings and about the fairness of such charges. of certain firms and individuals to an Loan Insurance Corporation, agencies Section 912 provides that title compa­ indefensible degree, at the homebuyer's which have the experience and capacity nies which are qualified to issue title in­ expense. to do so. surance are authorized to perform all The Members of the House have re­ The effect of the substitute proposal settlement services. The section reflects ceived this week a proposed substitute is to send HUD back over the same the recognition that title insurance com­ for title IX which will be offered in com­ ground it has already covered. State and panies which issue title insurance can mittee and, presumably, on the House local governments are not effectively provide full settlement services at sub­ floor if not agreed to in committee. regulating real estate settlement trans­ stantial savings to the home buyer, but As the sponsor of title IX, I want the actions and in recent years the Federal in some States are prevented from doing Members to be forewarned of what this Government has assumed major respon­ so by laws or regulations which reserve proposed substitute would do in destroy­ sibilities in the area of residential hous­ this right to attorneys. One example is ing the main purposes of title IX. The ing. the District of Columbia where title proposed substitute is described as, in Mr. Speaker, the substitute for title IX companies can and do provide full title some way, strengthening consumer pro­ is nothing more than a thinly disguised services at savings of hundreds of dollars tections compared to existing law. That effort to cripple the residential real at settlement as compared to the cost is an oversimplification. Actually, as it estate settlement reform proposals now of settlement services provided by attor­ relates to FHA-insured or VA-guaran­ in the housing bill being considered by neys in Maryland and Virginia. teed loans, the substitute for title IX the Banking and Currency Committee. In this connection, Mr. Speaker, I am takes away significant consumer pro- Any regulation of settlement charges un­ fully aware of the concern voiced by at­ tections. · der the substitute proposal would be dead torneys about the possibility of unqual­ Mr. Speaker, what this proposal really for the foreseeable future. If the substi­ ified employees of title companies per­ does is destroy the effectiveness of most tute is approved this Congress will have forming legal services. To remedy the of title IX as it now exists; utterly failed to respond to the settle­ situation, I intend to offer an amend­ The substitute would eliminate section ment scandals that have bilked home­ ment to section 912 which requires that 902, the heart of title IX, which author­ owners throughout the Nation of mil­ title companies employ qualified attor­ izes and directs the Secretary of Hous­ lions of dollars. By the same token, the neys to perform legal services in connec­ ing and Urban Development to establish way will have been left clear for con­ tion with settlement transactions. maximum settlement charges for most tinuation of these abusive practices on Finally, the substitute provides that conventional, as well as all federally in­ the part of those mortgage lenders, de­ any legal action to recover damages in sured and guaranteed, residential mort­ velopers, attorneys, appraisers, title com­ connection with violations of title IX gages. panies and others involved in real estate provisions must be brought within 1 year Moreover, the substitute to be offered settlement transactions which have vic­ from the date of the occurrence of the would repeal section 701 of the Emer­ timized home buyers by excessive violation. In essence, this says that the gency Home Finance Act of 1970, which charges. home buyer is out of luck if he fails to de- August 17, 1.972 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 28997 termine within a year following the it was connected with an'd if I was con­ S.L. What about Zina, is she working? transaction that he has been cheated. A nected with the secret work in my work L.L. Yes, she is working too, but the situa- last. tion on her work is very, very hard. 3-year statute of limitations, at least, S.L. Is that why? S.L. Is she going to be dismissed? should apply to violations of the title. L.L. If I was connected with the secret L.L. No, no. She is on (unintelligible). Mr. Speaker, adoption of the substitute work. S.L. She's on what work? What kind of for title IX eliminates the most impor­ S.L. Oh, you were connected with the secret work? tant provisions of the settlement reform work? L.L. She is an engineer of communications. proposals now in the housing bill. It L.L. No, I was never connected with the S.L. And she is still working in communi­ leaves the home buyer of the Nation un­ secret work. cations? protected against continued victimiza­ S.L. You were not! No, no; I kn'ow that. L.L. Yes, in the field of communications. You told me that before, so could you ask S.L. How is your family; your· mother and tion in terms of inflated and erroneous them why they have given a negative answer? :rather? Are they well? settlement charges. It says there is no L.L. On this application? L.L. No, they have not been very well, but meaningful response to the residential S.L. Yes. they wait for permission for going to Israel. real estate settlement and housing spec­ L.L. Yes, we shall ask the Leningrad OVIR The waiting for them is very hard. ulation scandals that have been well doc­ about this. S.L. Yes. I know. Your mother-in-law umented in the press throughout the Na­ S.L. Good! Lev, what we are going to do Zina's mother, how is she? tion for more than a year. is ... L.L. She is at home too, and she waits for I for one cannot accept this sorry con­ L.L. We shall apply once more. permission too. S.L. Yes, please do; apply again, apply S.L. And she's well? clusion to all the effort that has gone again. L.L. Yes, she is O.K. into the task of trying to protect the L.L. Yes, arrd we shall apply everytime after S.L. Good. I understand tl)at Zina has rela- home buyers of the Nation from extor­ the negative answer too. After one negative tives in Cleveland, Ohio. Is that true? tionate or fraudulent abuses. Any hous­ answer we shall apply once more. L.L. Yes, this is true. ing act which does not contain the pro­ S.L. Excellent, good! Now, Lev, listen care­ S.L. Good. What is their name? tections afforded the consumer in title fully. At about 8:30 at night, your time in L.L. Of relatives? IX as presently written constitutes noth­ Leningrad, on either Morrday June 19, June S.L. Yes. 26, or J1.lly 3; or Friday, June 23, June 30 or L.L. His name is Abraham Wachter. I give ing less than a monumental disservice to July 7, I am going to call you again. to you the address. the home buyers of the Nation. L.L. Yes, it wo1.lld be night? S.L. I can get it here. Don't bother, I will S.L. Right, your night, not mine. I will get it here. call with some important people including L.L. Yes, yes. Abraham Wachter is the Congressman Bell who is trying to help you. brother of my mother-in-law, and Jerry THE PLIGHT OF SOVIET JEWS L.L. Thank you very much. Wachter is his son. S.L. Congressman Bell and other people S.L. O.K. I will get in tpuch with him. Who in my government, the American· Govern­ were you talking to in Israel? ment, are publishing for the other members L.L. One hour ago we were talking with HON. ALPHONZO BELL of the American Government transcripts o:t Israel. OF CALIFORNIA our telephone conversations and your letters S.L. Yes, with whom? Were these former IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES to me. They are doin-g everything they can Soviet's m· friends in Israel? within our government to have OVlR say yes L.L. With whom we were talking? Wednesday, August 16, 1972 soon. So they are trying to help you. S.L. Yes. Mr. BELL. Mr. Speaker, in May of L.L. Yes, thank you very much. This is our L.L. Yes, now we were talking to this Mrs. hope. Kaminsky. She is the wife of Kaminsky who this year I submitted to the RECORD the S.L. Yes, and that is their h:.>ve as well. now is in prison. transcript of a recorded conversation L.L. Yes, thank you very much. S.L. I see. I know the name. How is she, is between Stuart Lotwin of Los Angeles S.L. Now, Lev, we were unable to call you she O.K.? and Lev Lerner of the Soviet Union. on the telephone on May 22 "through May 30. L.L. She is O.K., but she wants to be with At this time, I would like to enter an­ Were you home Oi' were you called in the husband. other revealing exchange between these Army? S.L. The other thing is we received your two men, which further underlines the L.L. No, I was not called to Army. letter and the pictures. difficulties and harassment individuals S.L.No. L.L. And my pictures? L.L. Yes, because I have the medical. S.L. You have a very handsome family. who desire to emigrate from U.S.S.R. to S.L. I see. Were you home with your family L.L. We are three in this picture? Taken Israel are experiencing. The text of the at that time? with my wife? conversations follows: L.L. Yes, I was at home with my family. S.L. Yes, that's the picture and then I TELEPHONE CONVERSATION , JUNE 11, 1972, S.L. I see; well we could not get through got another picture, just of you. BETWEEN LEV LERNEU, LENINGRAD, to talk to you. We were trying but we could L.L. Yes, from my friend? U.S.S.R. AND S. J. LOTWIN, Los ANGELES, not get through. S.L. Yes, from your friend. Did you re­ CALIF. L.L. Yes, I can say that only one day-the ceive a letter from me? S.L. Hello. day when Nixon was in Leningrad-! was L.L. I received frmr. you only one letter. L.L. Hello. Mr. Lotwin, sometime ago two arrested. S.L. Well, I wrote a second letter. I am American Senators wrote the Leningrad S.L. You we1·e arrested on the dav he was going to mail to you copies of what is called OVIR with the request to give us the per­ ln Len'ingrad, but for one day only. . in the United States the Congressional Rec­ mission for going to Israel. Their names­ L.L. Yes, this was for seven hours. This ord. This is where the Senators and Con­ Jim Bergland and John Brademas-and was during the visit of Mr. Nixon. gressmen have been publishing our telephone some days ago we got the negative answer . S.L. I see, I understand. I wlll forward tha1: conversations. So, I will mail you a copy so on this application. to people who are interested in that because you can read the conversations. S.L. You received a negative answer! we tried to call you for over a week and were L.L. Yes, thank you very much. And, a What reason did they give? told there was no answer on your telephone. copy of your second letter? L.L. They say the same as before-we were L.L. This isn't the truth because in the S.L. Good. I am glad you are working, . refused the permission for going to Israel. evening I am at home. you will apply again for a visas, and you will S.L. Did they tell you why? S.L. Yes, I thought so. I am glad that you ask for the reason for not letting you go L.L. No, very difficult to ask why. The are well and that you are safe; that was my now. reason is as before. primary concern about you. Are you work­ L.L. Yes, thank you I shall ask. S.L. The reason as before-still 1974? ing? S.L. O.K., we will speak to you again, soon. L.L. Yes, yes. L.L. Yes, I am working. L.L. Yes. S.L. Lev, S.L. Good. No change in your job. S.L. In the meantime, you take care of L. L. And we want to send with you our L.L. My new job? yourself, keep your strength and courage gratitude to these Senators. · S.L. Your new job? going-- S.L. I see. We and people in the United L.L. Yes, I got the new job after I was L.L. Yes. States Government are trying to get the visa forced to dismiss from my last job. S.L. And, with the help of all the people for you. S.L. What kind of work is your new job? who are concerned with you, I am sure we L.S. Thank you very much. L.L. I am an engineer, not in my profes- are going to meet in Israel soon. L.L. Yes. sion. L.L. Yes, thank you. S.L. Could you do this, Lev? S.L. Not in your profession. S.L. So please give our best to your wife, to S.L. Could you politely and formally ask L.L. No, not in my profession. your daughter and to your family. OVIR why they have given the negative S.L. I see, what type of work now? L.L. Yes, thank you. And send our best answer. L.L. Now I an1 an engineer of textile greetings to your family and to our friends, L.L. Yes, I can tell you now. I was told that machinery. too. 28998 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS August 17, 1972 S.L. Absolutely. I will speak to you soon. endorses policies and programs, public and HEALTH rNSURANCE Please write to me again, will you? private, which are essential to assure high NFS calls for the enactment of a federal L.L. Yes, yes, of course. levels of employment and production, the health measure which ( 1) recognizes health S .L. Good. Alright. raising of living standards and the improve­ care as a right of every citizen and (2) pro­ L .L. Yes. ment of conditions of work. vides one excellent quality of health care for S.L. Shalom and goodbye. NFS endorses public works programs which all regardless of differences in age, inC

WHITE HOUSE FELLOWS PROGRAM_:_ l969-73

Year Military University Business Minorities Other

1969- 70 total 18 From 1964 to 1970- No 7 (Professors, consultants 2 (Black). 1 Woman (lawyer). 2 Lawyers (Harvard). military participants. etc., 2 Black , 1 assi st­ 1 (Richard Ramsden). 1 Woman (Puerto Rican). 1 Journalist. ant to president of 1 General Foods. 1 Indian. Johns Hopkins). 1 IBM. 7 5 1970- 71 total 17. 1 Captain, Air Force. 1 (Dean sci. of busi ness 1 MBA (McKinsey). 1 Woman. 2 Local government. 1 Lieutenant commander, administration, Univer­ 1 3M of Minnesota. 1 Lawyer (former Vietnam Navy. sity of Texa s) . 1 Burlington Industry. Army major). 1 Captain, Air Force. 1 (Assi stant to president, 1 Westinghou se (Bettis Atom. 1 Lieutenant colonel, Army. University of Hawaii). Power Laboratory). 1 Lieutenant colonel, Army. 1 RCA . 1 Continental Oil. 6 1971- 72 total 16. 1 Major, Army. 1 (Director, nuclear reactor 1 (Jewel companies) Osco 1 Mexican-American (urban 1 (Dartmouth MBA, former 1 Major, Marine. laboratory, University of Drug, Inc. plan). Army captain) 1st 1 Major, Marine. Texas). 1 J. Walter Thompson. 1 Woman (Black, sergeant, N.Y. Police 1 Lieutenant colonel, Army. 1 Boise Cascade, Inc. oceanographer). Force, Tactical Patrol. 1 McKinsey & Co. 1 Woman (lawyer). 1 Arthur Andersen & Co. 1 Indian (Harvard law school). 4 1972- 73 total 17. 1 Lieutenant colonel, Army. 1 (Assistant to president, 2 We stinghouse (Bettis 1 Woman (drugs). 1 Lawyer. 1 Major, Air Force. Stanford University, Atomic Lab.). 1 Major, Air Force. Spanish American). 1 American Standard, Inc. 1 Major, Air Force. 1 (Director Ford Foundation, 1 Walt Disney World. (Special Assistant to project on Univ. Admin.). 1 McKinsey & Co. Secretary of Defense, 1 W. R. Grace & Co. East Asia and Pacific 1 Enka Research Corp. region). 1 Syva Co. 1 Major, Army.

MELISSA BELOTE, SPRINGFIELD, The previous world record was 2:21.5, held SOUTH CAROLINA VOLUNTEER VA., SETS WORLD SWIMMING by Susie Atwood of Lakewood Calif. READING PROGRAM Tonight Miss Belote's time was 2:21.771, RECORD AT OLYMPIC TRIALS more than a second slower than her brilliant IN CHICAGO effort this afternoon but still far enough to HON. STROM THURMOND leave the bewildered Miss Atwood in her OF SOUTH CAROLINA wake. Miss Atwood was clocked in 2:24.359, HON. HARRY F. BYRD, JR. finishing a distant second. IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATE8 OF VmGINIA "Coach Solotar (Ed} told me not to worry Thursday, August 17, 1972 about the record tonight," Miss Belote said IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES afterward. "I didn't think my stroke was as Mr. THURMOND. Mr. President, as Thursday, August 17, 1972 smooth tonight. I didn't have enough left to we deal daily in this Chamber with the bring it back." increasing challenges of modern society, Mr. HARRY F. BYRD, Jr. Mr. Presi­ Miss Belote, who had enough confidence I remind Senators that 21 million of our dent, Miss Melissa Belote of Springfield, to pack her suitcase for a week of training fellow Americans are functionally illi­ Va., this month set a world swimming with the Olympic team in Knoxville, Tenn., terate in this Nation. record at the Olympic trials in Chicago. is the only woman to have won two events They cannot read, Mr. Presitlent. They I am sure that all Virginians share · at the trials so far. The meet ends Sunday. Misses Belote and Atwood previously fin­ cannot participate in the democratic pride in the accomplishments of this ished one-two in the 100-meter backstroke. process. They cannot understand a job young woman, who is a sophomore at While Miss Belote headed back to the motel application, :.nake out a driver's license Robert E. Lee High School. On the day with a second bouquet of roses under her application, or fill in a loan form at a when she broke the record for the 200- arm, Mark Spitz climbed the victory stand bank. meter backstroke, she won both a pre­ for the fourth time in as many nights, the These stark facts are revealed in a liminary and a final race in this event. most dominant figure in world swimming. Louis R. Harris survey conducted for the At the age of 15, she obviously is one of Spitz, a handsom~ 22-year old and one of the few swimmers sporting a mustache, cap­ National Reading Center of Washington, the Nation's outstanding swimmers. tured the 100-meter freestyle in 51.919. Ear­ D.C. The Washington Post of August 6 con­ lier in the day he established his fifth world I am pleased to report that the citizens tains an article describing Miss Belote's record of the meet, churning the 100 in 51.47 of South Carolina are aware of this victory and her reactions after the races. in a preliminary heat. problem, and are taking volunteer action I ask unanimous consent that the ar­ "I hope I can keep this up at Munich," to help the children of our state to get ticle, entitled "Record-Setting Miss Be­ said Spitz, who four years ago in Mexico a firm foundation in reading ability. lote Double Winner in Trials," be printed City was favored to win four individual gold medals but wound up being shut out. Recently, in the city of Columbia, 100 in the Extensions of Remarks. "I know I'm the best in the world to­ South Carolina volunteers attended a There being no objection, the article night," Spitz said. "But it won't matter un­ reading tutor-trainer workshop, spon­ was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, less I win at Munich. Four years ago I had sored by our State department of educa­ as follows: done well prior to Mexico City. Then I fold­ tion and conducted by the National RECORD-SETTING MISS BELOTE DOUBLE ed. I'm trying to set: that I don't fold again." Reading Center at no cost to the volun­ WINNER IN TRIALS Spitz finished ahead of Jerry Heidenreich teers. (By George Solomon) of Dallas, John Murphy of Hill5dale, Ill., and Other sponsors included: South Caro­ Dave Edgar of Fort Lauderdale, Fla., all of lina Education Association, League of CHICAGO, August 5.-Melissa Belote grew whom made the team. up tonight. The 15-year-old wondergirl for­ Frank Heckl, an outstanding swimmer at Women Voters of South Carolina, Mid­ got her lucky toy fish back at the motel and Sout hern California and prime contender to lands Community Action Agency, and the still won the 200-meter backstroke before make the team, was again blanked, finishing South Carolina Congress of Parents and 5,000 people in the Olympic trials at the a disappointing eighth in a field of eight. Teachers. Portage Park pool. There was no world records tonight, The 100 volunteer trainers and coordi­ Earlier in the day Miss Belote, a sopho­ though Miss Belote, Spitz, Mitch Ivey (200 more at Robert E. Lee High School in Spring­ backstroke, 2.04.827), Brian Job (200 breast­ nators came from 28 of our School dis­ field, Va., set a world record in the 200, whip­ stroke) , 2 : 23.36) and John Hencken ( 200 tricts, and among them were representa­ ping through the water in 2:20.64 in a pre­ breaststroke, 2:22.79) bettered the world tives from the Univexsity of South caro­ liminary heat. standards in preliminary heats. lina, Columb1a College, and Winthrop August 17, 1972 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 29001 College. Other counties will be sharing eight hours of practical experience working them protects the nation from the ever­ the training received by the 100 partici­ with children. dangerous Red River and insures the coun­ Reading tutors will work in grades one, try's food supply by regulating the flow of pants who attended the state-level work- two and three under supervision of the reg­ water to the rice fields. shop. . ular classroom teacher. Dikes play a vital role in the Red River These volunteer trainers have now re­ Educators estimate that about 43 per cent Delta, an ancient rice-producing center. turned to their home communities. They of elementary school children are in urgent Great quantities of water are channeled by are recruiting and training many more need of help in reading, and that 15-20 per the dikes and spread on the paddies through volunteers to go into their neighborhood cent cannot keep up with their classmates a system of sluices. Rice seedlings then are primary schools and tutor chil~ren in without special reading assistance. planted by hand. When the rice matures, the sluices are opened to drain the fields. learning to read. The water is channeled back to the river, Mr. President, there are 8 million and the grain 1s harvested. youngsters in our Nation's elementary Since centuries before Christ, the North schools who need special help in reading THE DIKES OF.NORTH VIETNAM Vietnamese have been at battle with the Red instruction. River. Every year, the river rises to flood These children need individual atten­ HON. HUGH SCOTT proportions in August and September, tion. There is not enough money, there threatening the surrounding countryside OF PENNSYLVANIA where the great majority of the people live are not enough teachers, and the teachers IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES and work. do not have the time to. provide such Every year new dikes are added and dam­ individual help. Thursday, August 17, 1972 aged dikes are repaired in a never-ending Only through the dedicated volUJ?-teer Mr. SCOTT. Mr. President, with all process that over the centuries has resulted efforts of citizens, who work under direc­ the charges and countercharges that in a system so complex that no single dike is tion of the classroom teacher, can our responsible for holding back flood waters. have arisen over the dikes of North Viet­ Primary dikes-up to 50 feet high, 150 national reading prob).em be solved. nam, I am pleased to see an article that feet thick at the base and 80 feet wide at the I am proud that my fellow-citizens of moves toward laying the blame for this top, channel the Red River through Hanoi South Carolina are responding to the furor squarely where it belongs--on the and the Delta to tlie ocean. Other primary needs of children in our state. North Vietnamese. dikes on the coast prevent salt water from Particularly I commend our State de­ I ask unanimous consent that an ar­ damaging valuable riceland. partment of education and the National ticle, entitled "Behind the Furor Over Secondary dikes up to 50 feet thick back Reading Center for bringing this na­ up the primary system, so that no one Bombs on Red River Dikes," published break will overwhelm flood defenses. The tional tutor-training program to South in U.S. News & ·world Report of August smallest dikes-the tertiary system-distrib­ Carolina, as one of the first 20 States in 14, be printed in the Extensions of Re­ ute water to individual fields. the Union to lead in this volunteer effort marks. to help America's children become good DEFENSELESS? There being no objection, the article At first glance, North Vietnam's system readers. was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, appears to be defenseless against air attack. Mr. President, I ask unanimous co~­ as follows: And if actually breached in fiood stage, the sent that the article from the Columbia [From U.S. News & World Report, Aug. 14, dikes would unleash billions of gallons of Record newspaper entitled "S.C. Volun­ 1972] water on Hanoi and the surrounding coun­ teer Tutor Program Opens To Aid School B E lliNO T H E FUROR OVER BOMBS ON R E D RIVER tryside, flooding up to 6,000 square miles. However, U.S. experts liken the Red River Pupils," be printed in the Extensions of DIKES Remarks Of the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD Delta to a warship in which watertight com­ The approach of a potentially devastating partments virtually insure against destruc­ at the conclusion of my comments. flood season in North Vietnam means that tion by a hit from a single torpedo. There being no objection, the article the furor over U.S. bombing of Communist Despite President Nixon's assertion t hat was ordered to be ;>rinted in the RECORD, dikes is likely to reach new heights in days m a jor dikes could be destroyed in a week, as follows: ahead. some military strategists figure that all U.S. in S .C. VOLUNTEER TUTOR PROGRAM OPENS TO Hanoi is pulling out all stops a deter­ fighter-bombers in Southeast Asia would to AID ScHOOL PUPILS mined propaganda campaign convince the have to fiy daily strikes for up to two months world that American warplanes are deliber­ South Carolina's part in a nationwide to effectively knock out the system. ately destroying North Vietnam's dikes and Lang Chi Dam and a hal! dozen smaller effort to improve the :reading of elementary threat ening hundreds of thousands of per­ pupils by using volunteer tutors will be dams upstream from Hanoi could be de­ sons with drowning or starvation. stroyed in a day with guided "smart bombs," inaugurated today in Columbia. The U.S.-with President Nixon leading they say. But it would take repeated hits Representatives of service organizations the way-is denying just as strenuously that and the 93 school districts of the state were with 2,000-pound guided bombs to uproot there is any calculated plan to wreck North the massive dikes themselves, 15 feet at a invited to the conference in the auditorium Vietnam's elaborate system of flood control. of the J. Marion Sims Building of the State time. Said the President in a White House news Such an operation, U.S. commanders warn. Board of Health. conference on July 27: "If it were the policy The tutoring program is a project of the would expose American pilots repeatedly to of the United States to bomb the dikes, withering enemy fire, and would divert them National Reading Center. Washington, D. C. we could take them out-the significant part Its goal is to train 200,000 volunteer reading from more productive military targets. of them out-in a week." "I t 's just not worth it," explains one gen­ tutors in the nation to help children in Next day, the State Department, in an un­ grades one through three improve their read­ eral. usual move, released a report on aerial-recon­ ASSIGNED TARGETS ing ability. naissance photos of North Vietnam that Reading deficiencie_s are a main cause of showed only a dozen bomb craters on dikes. U.S. officials concede that some dikes are failure in early grades, according to Mrs. Even the largest crater, it said, could be re­ being hit during attacks on military targets Mary L. Beach, reading consultant for the paired in a day with "a crew of less than 50 either on or near the dikes. North Vietnam South Carolina Department of Education. men with wheelbarrows and hand tools .. " is so riddled with dikes that it is impossible She is coordinating the South Carolina Highlights of the State Department report to do otherwise, they say, even though pilots Volunteer Reading Program. are on page 20. are told to bomb only assigned targets and The program 1s sponsored by the State De­ The truth is, American officials contend, to do as little collateral damage as possible. partment of Education, South Carolina Edu­ that Hanoi-looking ahead to heavy rains According to one military man: cat ion Association, League of Women Voters in August and September-is seeking to cover "Dikes are an integral part of the country. of South Carolina, Midlands Community up its own failure to repair dikes badly dam­ To put an absolute quarantine on hitting Action Agency, and South Carolina Congress aged in last summer's destructive floods. dikes is like telling your kids to stay off the of Parents and Teachers. Says one ranking military observer: sand at the beach." During the conference participants heard "Rather than divert the men necessary to Aerial photographs confirm that the tops an explanation of the national Right to Read make the repairs, Hanoi apparently decided of dikes are used by the Communists for anti­ program established in 1970, and information to let the floods come and to blame the U.S.­ aircraft guns and missile emplacements, concerning the South Carolina Volunteer in advance-for any disaster that might oc­ pumping stations for oil pipelines, and stor­ cur." Reading Program. age areas for surface-to-air missiles. Many DELTA' S HISTORY dikes also are topped by roads which are used South Carolina 1s one of 21 states holding For a full understanding of the exchange tutor-trainer worll::shops this spring. Follow­ by trucks and other military traffic-natural of charges and countercharges between targets for U.S. bombers. ing a two-day workshop June 5-6, tutor­ Hanoi and Washington, a detailed picture trainers return to their communities to train of North Vietnam's dike system is necessary. GUIDED TOURS locally recruited volunteers who will receive North Vietnam is a country of dikes. A Western visit ors to North Vietnam routine­ 16- 20 hours of instruction, !~eluding six to network of between 2,700 and 3,000 miles of ly are t aken on guided tours of damaged 29002 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS August 17, 1972 dikes, and journalists in Hanoi report what breached. The damage can be easily re­ the Barter Theatre in Abingdon, Va., and appears to them to be deliberate U.S. bomb­ paired-in a matter of a few days-and has its founder and former director, Robert ing of the system. not been sufficient to cause any flooding. H. Porterfield, who died last October. Yet American analysts insist that most of No damage has been observed in the Hanoi the damage to North Vietnam's dikes has area or against the primary dike system pro­ A product of the Great Depression, the been caused by last year's floods, which were tecting that city. theater was established to provide work among the most severe in the country's his­ Hanoi no doubt is genuinely concerned for unemployed actors and actresses. But tory. about the dike system. North Vietnam's it survived the depression era and earned American experts report that four major rainy season will soon reach its peak, and an enviable reputation for excellence for breaches in primary dikes along the Red damage in the dikes caused by last year's production through the years. Today the River flooded an estimated 1.1 million acres of very extensive flooding has not yet been fully people of Abingdon are launching a Rob­ riceland. Much of the primary and secondary repaired.... ert H. Porterfield Memorial Fund to systems were silted or undermined, and great Dikes are particularly resistant to bomb stretches of the tertiary were broken. damage. Those in the primary system could maintain the quality of the offerings at Radio Hanoi, although it gave no casualty be breached only by a series of overlapping the Barter Theatre. figures, said at the time that the disaster sur­ craters across the entire top of a dike, and I ask unanimous consent that the edi­ passed even the flood and famine of 1945, the lips of the craters would have to be torial, entitled "Small-Town Drama," be which killed huge numbers of people. sufficiently lower than the river surface to printed in the Extensions of Remarks. The North Vietnamese recognize the prob­ initiate the flow and subsequent scouring There being no objection, the editorial lem-at home, if not in their international action of water rushing through the was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, propaganda. Mayor Tran Duy Hung of Hanoi breach.... as follows: - wrote in the publication "New Hap.oi" on North Vietnam's official press agencies and June 30: radio service have repeatedly described al­ SMALL-TOWN DRAMA "In some places the repair of the dike por­ leged U.S. bombing attacks on the dike sys­ Very few travelers have been more sur­ tions that were damaged by torrential rains tem. In April and May, the North Vietnamese prised in years past than those who drifted in 1971 has not yet met technical require­ made more than 40 specific allegations, and unawares into Abi~gdon, Virginia, at day's ments. A number of thin and weakened dikes on 30 June the official press quoted the Dep­ end and found that Shakespeare was playing which are probably full of termite colonies uty Minister of Hydraulics as saying that 20 on Main Street. Or that, instead of a wild­ and holes have not yet been detected for bombing attacks had been made on dikes west movie, the local theater was offering repair." during that month. Foreign diplomats, news­ a stage play straight off Broadway. That im­ Despite the obvious dangers, the Hanoi men, and, most recently, actress Jane Fonda probable small-town playhouse would have leadership has not diverted the 300,000 or have ben escorted to dikes to view damage­ been the Barter Theatre, founded by Robert more men, women and children needed to most of it around Haiduong, southeast of H. Porterfield during the Great Depression repair the damage. Instead, the labor force Hanoi. as a haven for out-of-work actors. They liter­ has been kept at tasks essential to the North A detailed examination has been made of ally bartered their talents, collecting hams, Vietnamese invasion of South Vietnam. photography of mid-July of the North Viet­ and other farm produce in return for Hamlet, U.S. flood-control authorities say this namese Red River Delta and bomb craters and thereby avoiding the soup lines. means that even the normal August-Septem­ were detected at 12 locations. None of the Somehow, to the surprise of many, the ber rise in the Red River will cause some damage has been in the Hanoi area, where theater caught hold there in the sparsely overflow in the Delta region. A heavy rain­ destruction of the dikes would result in the populated hills. When times got better, a fall could bring severe floods and widespread greatest damage to North Vietnam's econ­ good many people were willing to pay cash damage to Hanoi. omy and logistics effort. Nearly all the dam­ at the box office, and youths in that area de­ age has been scattered downstream from veloped a zest for drama seldom found in THE STAGE IS SET Hanoi, as well as downstream from the areas Most American officials are convinced that rural places. Even the General Assembly got of major breaks resulting from the 1971 captivated by the experiment, providing some the U.S. will be blamed for any flooding. Says floods .... modest state subsidies to keep the theater one Defense Department expert: All identified points of dike damage are from folding. (Hence its somewhat grandiose "The stage is set. When the floods come, located within close range of specific targets designation as "The State Theatre of Vir­ there is nothing we can do to counter the of military value. Of the 12 locations where ginia.") But in recent years the Barter has propaganda that we are responsible." damage has occurred, 10 are close to iden­ been a success in its own right, drawing peo­ Another military man explains Hanoi's tified individual targets such as petroleum­ ple from all over the country to its per­ campaign this way: storage facilities, and the other two are ad­ formances, growing in fame as the only one "The North Vietnamese have lived in the jacent to road and river-transport lines. Be­ of its kind. shadow o! dikes all their lives. They see cause a large number of North Vietnamese There was apprehension, however, when bombs cratering a dike, and they know what dikes serve as bases for roadways, the maze Porterfield died last October. His strong, could happen if there were a concentrated they create throughout the delta makes it al­ warm personality had been the guiding force campaign against the dikes. So they are doing most inevitable that air attacks directed some 'preventive propaganda.' They are hol­ since the curtain first went up 40 years ago, against transportation targets cause scattered and it was hard to imagine the Barter with­ lering as loud as they can now in an effort to damage to dikes. forestall such a bombing campaign in the out him. But his successors pledged that The bomb craters verified by photography what he started would be carried on, and future-even before the U.S. thinks seriously can be repaired easily with a minimum of thus far this season the promise has been about it." local labor and equipment.... admirably kept. Good plays and bright tal­ HEADS I WIN, TAILS YOU LOSE Repairs to all the dikes could be com­ ent are booked through the summer and the Some military commanders worry that pleted within a week, as the necessary equip­ crowds these evenings are encouraging. Spe­ the N£xon Administration, in an effort to ment is available throughout the delta. cial children's plays now are presented in counter North Vietnam's propaganda, will so Local labor historically mobilizes to a separate building, and young people are rest rict the U.S. bombing campaign that it strengthen and repair dikes to avoid seri­ ·given a chance to develop as actors. And would be made useless or needlessly endan­ ous flooding. An occasional bomb falling on apart from its regular productions, Barter ger the lives of American pilots. Says one a dike does not add significantly to the is acquainting 15,000 Virginia school children officer: burden of annual repair work normally re­ with Shakespeare and the modern stage "Hanoi can blame the U.S. for any break quired. North Vietnam must, however, com­ classics. in the dike system. At the same time, the plete the repair of damage caused by the All this is remarkable, if not amazing, in enemy would profit from any change in 1971 fl-oods before next month when this a little town, and of course it's getting more American bombing strategy. It's a kind of year's rainy season will reach its peak. costly all along. To keep up the momentum, 'heads I win, tails you lose' proposition." Abingdon people are starting a $500,000 Robert Porterfield Memorial Fund as a three­ No MAJOR DIKE HAS BEEN BREACHED year project. They're seeking contributions, (The U.S. State Department on July 28 ACHIEVEMENTS OF THE BARTER and we hope they succeed. issued a formal statement refuting charges THEATRE, ABINGDON, VA. of intentional bombings of dikes in North Vietnam. From the official text: ) TRIBUTE TO CAPT. ,JOSEPH L. In recent weeks Hanoi has tried to con­ HON. HARRY F. BYRD, JR. RUZICKA, JR. vince the world that its elaborate dike sys­ QF VIRGINIA tem is a direct and deliberate target of U.S. attacks. IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES HON. STROM THURMOND This is not ture. Photographic evidence Thursday, August 17, 1972 OF SOUTH CAROLINA shows conclusively that there has been no IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES intentional bombing of the dikes. A few dikes Mr. HARRY F. BYRD, JR. Mr. Presi­ have been hit by stray bombs directed at dent, the Washington Evening Star and Thursday, August 17, 1972 military-associated targets nearby. The dam­ the News of August 12 contains an excel­ Mr. THURMOND. Mr. President, the age is minor and no major dike has been lent editorial about the achievements of tragic death of Capt. Joseph L. Ruzicka, August 17, 1972 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 29003 Jr., 26, of North Augusta, S .C., was felt SIDE GLANCES WITH SAM congratulate the Order of Ahepa which very strongly by the many people who Several years ago, Mim and I had a party is celebrating its golden anniversary this loved and admired this young Air Force one Christmas night for several of our young­ year. officer. er friends. Of course, at the time, we were The organization can be justly proud This young man's talents and accom­ much younger ourselves, so the difference in age didn't appear as great as it might to some of past and present achievements. The plishments marked him as outstanding. now. Order of Ahepa is a leader in the educa­ Joe's ability for leadership and his en­ Over the years, we have continued the prac­ tional field, it has helped in giving the thusiasm for involvement are evidenced tice. Mainly, I think, due to the fact that on national minorities of our country new by the diverse activities in which he par­ that particular night many of the differences self-respect, and the organization has ticipated. of age and social status tend to be negated helped victims of disasters in both for­ During high school, Joe was voted the by the spirit of the season. Also, we discov­ eign and domestic lands. senior with the most school spirit and ered that since Christmas EVE parties are Through these and innumerable other more popular, attendance seems greater on was a merit scholarship semifinalist. He Christmas night. achievements, the Order of Ahepa rep­ reported the news for the high school to One of the rules is that once you were resents the highest ideals of American the local newspaper, and he also found invited, the invitation lasted forever. That life. time to be active in school sports, as well rule hasn't changed. One rule that we found as presiding as president of the Beta necessary of revision, however, was that no Club. one could come who had accrued more age COSTLY AND CONTROVERSIAL From high school, Joe entered Clemson than the host and hostess. When one of our F-111 IS FULLY ACCEPTED BY University at Clemson, S.C., and joined younger friends married outside of that clas­ AIR FORCE sification, we simply revised the rule to con­ the U.S. Air Force. form to the times . . . , something like the Many friends have mourned the pass­ Supreme Co"Llrt changes things every now and ing of this outstanding and versatile HON. BOB WILSON then. OF CALIFORNIA young man, and our deepest sympathies I began thinking about this at this partic­ are extended to his family in this time of ularly un-Christmas time of year when I IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES sorrow. heard of the death of Captain Joe Ruzicka Thursday, August 17, 1972 Mr. President, several ·articles have last week at some distant outpost of civiliza­ tion. Mr. BOB Wll..SON of Califorilia. Mr. paid tribute to Captain Ruzicka, and I My recollection of Joe, Jr., as we knew him Speaker, much has been written and ask unanimous consent that the articles then, dates back to one of those long time spoken-some good, some bad-about which appeared in the August 10 issue of ago Christmas parties. I remember sitting in the F-111 aircraft. Those of us who con­ the North Augusta Star, North Augusta, the den, everyone in stocking feet, consuming tinued to support the F-111 program in S.C., be included in the Extensions of Re­ vast amounts of good things. Reb, at the time marks. still a pup, embarked on the project of re­ the face of controversy and criticisms There being no objection, the articles moving my socks by chewing the ends and feel that our efforts have not been in were ordered to be printed in the REcORD, pulling. The task seemed monumental as I vain. Air Force pilots who have lived guess indeed it was. But for the better part with the development of this plane feel as follows: of two hours, this simple undertaking was it is one of the best aircraft in the U.S. JOSEPH L. RUZICKA, JR. the major source of entertainment. inventory. This is further substantiated Captain Joseph L. Ruzicka, 26, a North I remember Joe in this particular instance in a New York Times report by a very Augusta favorite son, lost his life when the since he took over cheerleading duties for B-52 in which he was navigator crashed in the dog, pleading and cajoling with him to credible writer, Drew Middleton, whose a thunderstorm on a bombing mission in succeed in the vast undertaking. Joe always article I insert in the RECORD for our Indochina. Based in Thailand, Ruzicka had had a weak spot for the underdog. colleagues to read. just reported to Thailand July 21 after being And then, when the time came for high The article follows: on Guam. school graduation, Joe was to be one of the . COSTLY AND CONTROVERSIAL F-111 Is FULLY The son of Mrs. Lucie Ruzicka and the late student speakers. Always a rebel of sorts, we ACCEPTED BY Am FORCE Joseph L. Ruzicka, Sr., his sister, Susan, now talked at length on the wisdom of preparing (By Drew Middleton) resides in Charlotte and his grandmother, two speeches, one to be approved by school Mrs. Helen Cook, is a North Augustan. His authorities and given iri rehearsal; the other WASHINGTON.-"Any time there's anything wife, Calista, and 5¥2 month old daughter, to be the "real thing" which would be sprung wrong with an F-111 it's all over the news­ Jennifer, are California residents. on everyone when he stood up to speak. For­ papers," said Lieut. Col. Robert Morrison, Described in his North Augusta High tunately, perhaps, this latter project was re­ "but believe me, I've put in plenty of }:lours School yearbook as animated, enthusiastic jected, a concession to the establishment. orr it and the F-111 can do more things, and dynamic, Joe was voted as the senior Joe never did forget those Christmas night things the Air Force needs, than any other with the most school spirit in 1963. His ac­ parties. With the onset of the exposure to a aircraft-and it's stable and safe, too." complishments in high school ran the gamut college education, his appearances became Born in controversy and reared in criti­ from Merit Scholarship Semi-Finalist to a later and later. He was responsible for the cism, the F-111 has been plagued by the member of the track and tennis teams; from emergence of the 'second shift' at the par­ "bugs" common to all aircraft that embody 'president of Beta Club to master of cere­ ties-the late arrivals who wouldn't even technological breaktb.i'oughs. But the F-111 monies at the Junior-Senior; from photog­ appear until around 2 AM. (We found out and the fighter bomber version, the FB-111, rapher to class hiswrian. later that he would drive past earlier in the are fully accepted by the Air Force. Community interests were also paramount evening just to keep a watch on when the Col. Louis Gagnon, who has been with the in his life. He wrote the school news for the crowd would start to thin.) And then, with aircraft from the start, and Colonel Morri­ Star for two years, he was the acolyte at St. others of this newly-nighted breed, the con­ son said that it had "one of the better rec­ Bartholomew's Church when the church was versations would become deeper and deeper ords" among combat aircraft after 150,000 built, he was prominent in scouting, he was as the hour became earlier and earlier. But hours operational fiying. as his classmates described him, "an un­ these early morning conversations would al­ The Air Force lists 30 major accidents for organized organizer." ways leave me feeling a little bit better about F-111's between January, 1967, and June 18 Joe's leadership and scholastic ability ex­ the future of the human race. of this year. The accidents include the loss Last week's events in far off Asia, however, of three aircraft in Southeast Asia. The tended into all phases of college life at Clem­ two-man crews of two of the latter are listed son University where his musical aptitude tend to raise a question about that future. Maybe this year's 'second shift' will have as missing in action. The other 27 accidents found him a place in the Tiger Band as well have claimed the lives of 19 crewmen. as the Air ~orce ROTC. He entered the some of the answers. And Joe's absence may service following his graduation in 1967. make some of the problems clearer. MODULE SAVED CREWS A keen wit, a brilliant, inquisitive mind, The official accident summary notes eight an affectionate and loyal friend-many instances in which the lives of crews were hearts are saddened by Joe's tragic death. ORDER OF AHEPA CELEBRATES ITS saved by the F-111's unusual crew module. GOLDEN ANNIVERSARY This is a self-supporting unit allowing the A memorial service was held last week at crew to eject from the aircraft at any mo­ Beale Air Force Base, California for the five ment. casualties of this accident. Interment will be An exploding wire severs the module from in California. HON. GUY VANDER JAGT the fuselage and a single large rocket motor A memorial service will be held locally at OF MICHIGAN propels the module clear of the aircraft be­ St. Bartholomew's Episcopal Church, the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES fore the parachutes open. time and date to be announced. A memorial Wednesday, August 16, 1972 Political doubts about the plane's capacity fund has been established at this church for and its high cost-about $10-million a copy­ any who wish to honor Capt. Ruzicka's Mr. VANDER JAGT. Mr. Speaker, I have magnified every accident in the pub­ memory. would like to take this opportunity to lic mind, Air Force officers argue. 29004 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS August 17, 1972 They point out that criticism of the plane operational tour in Vietnam, the F-111 was COMMON CAUSE flourished during its first 80,000 hours even engaged by enemy fire on only 42 per cent of though the F-lU's record of 21 accidents in its missions. that period compared favorably with 39 for At high altitude the F-111 has a. speed of HON. WILLIAM L. HUNGATE the F-4 and 33 for the F-106 in the same Mach 2 to 2.5 times the speed of sound. (At OF MISSOURI time frame. sea. level and at 32 degrees Fahrenheit, sound IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES WARTIME MISSION travels at a speed of 1,088 feet a second.) Along with its other attributes, the F-111, Thursday, August 17, 1972 Experienced F-111 pilots here and with a two-man aircraft, is a comfortable "fly." the Third Air Force in Britain called the "Moving from the ordinary fighter to the Mr. HUNGATE. Mr. Speaker, I would plane the best aircraft for nighttime and F-111 is like moving from a Jeep to a Cadil­ like to bring to my colleagues attention bad weather strikes deep inside enemy terri­ lac," said Maj. Cornelius Kelly. the conclusion of three parts of an ·ar­ tory. In wartime, the F-111 would be as­ However, the aircraft has been controver­ ticle on Common Cause. signed to interdict enemy airfields. This sial from its birth. The article follows: was the decisive mission of the Israeli Air Early in the Kennedy Administration, Sec­ Force in the Six Day War of 1967. COMMON CAUSE retary of Defense RobertS. McNamara began Gardner's lobby helped in the fight to F-111 pilots believe that, if the Israelis thinking about a multimission aircraft. He wanted a plane that could do a variety of change the Congressional seniority system, had F-111's at that time, they would have but as Richard Conlon, staff director of the completed their mission at night with less jobs at greater cost effectiveness rather than single-mission planes. House's Democratic Study Group, correctly aircraft and greater destruction of the Egyp­ recalled, "There was all kind of press to tian Air Force. UNPOPULAR CONCEPT change the seniority system all year long­ The aircraft's advanced design enables it This was not a. popular concept with the long before Common Cause got involved. to perform at least three roles-tactical They were not the prime movers. I think fighter, tactical reconnaissance and stra­ Air Force and the Navy. But, under pressure, they agreed and listed their individual [the modest reform rules] would have gone tegic bomber. through anyway, whether or not Common The advent of new Soviet fighters has requirements. The Air Force wanted a long-range fighter Cause had helped." prompted discussion of the F-111's chances Common Cause lobbied against appropria­ with the Soviet MIG-23 or Foxbat. Intelli­ bomber capable of flying at high speeds and tions for the con~inued development of the gence sources say the MIG- 23 has a ceiling low altitudes, carrying conventional or nu­ clear bombs. The Navy asked for a carrier­ supersonic transport (SST), and Senator of 90,000 feet and a speed of Mach 2 plus, William Proxmire, the ringleader of the op­ with a 4,000-pound payload. borne interceptor of medium range for fleet defense. position, has publicly given polite thanks. EFFECTIVE ALTITUDE In January, 1968, six years after the De­ But staff members in Proxmire's office to Aerial combat is unlikely in upper alti­ fense Department awarded the F-111 con­ keep the credit in balance, point out that tudes. Most such fighting takes place around tract to the General Dynamics Corporation, the critical vote to kill the SST occurred in 20,000 feet. There, American pilots argue, the British, who had agreed to purchase 40 December of 1970, at which time Common the F-111 is superior. Air Force experience F-111's, pulled out of the program. In July, Cause wasn't even lobbying the issue. Gard­ in Vietnam is that the MlG-21J the basic 1968, the Navy followed suit. ner's crowd did recruit help for the vote in Soviet interceptor, was not effective against The effect was to increase public doubts March 1971, which delivered the coup de F-105's at that and lower altitudes and about the plane's effectiveness. grace to the SST, but the momentum to that note that the F-111 is much faster at low Sinoe then the British, in cooperation with end had been building for a year-thanks to ' altitudes than the F-105. the West Germans and Italians, have em­ the lobbying drive of 15 public-interest or­ The MIG-23 has what airmen call a "look . barked on the MRCA, or Multiple Role Com­ ganizations, coordinated at the end by down, shoot down" capability, enabling it to bat Aircraft, program to build a fighter with Friends of the Earth. They, along with Prox­ fire missiles on fighters belows. The Air many of the F-111's characteristics. mire, were the real heroes. Force contends that the tail radar in the Unquestionably Common Cause was the F-111 will give sufficient warning of such RESULTS IN VIETNAM most vigorous peace lobby in washington attacks. The aircraft's history in Vietnam was not throughout 1971, and although it failed (the The ultimate answer is that the F-111 is happy. A six-plane force flew 55 combat vote was 254 to 158) to pass an amendment built to operate at night, at low altitudes missions and then, Colonel Morrison said, in the House to cut off funds for the Viet­ and in bad weather. These are conditions "ran out of missions." It began to fly early nam war by the end of the year, Gardner's that do not favor the MIG-23, according to in March, 1968, and at the end of that lobbyists did win a number of unlikely con­ intelligence officers. Aerial combat is not the month the Johnson Administration stopped verts among the ethnic hawks and estab­ F-111's job, they add. Its job is "destroying its bombing of North Vietnam. lished a more tangible antiwar mood than the other fellow's planes and bases on the Officers say the F-111 did its job. The re­ had ever before been created in the House. ground." sults, as estimated from reconnaissance Common Cause lawyers have been busy. TWO MAJOR ADVANCES photographs, showed that the plane could In California they sued the state and forced hit its targets at night and in bad weather it to let unmarried students vote w:aere they The F-111 incorporates two major ad­ as effectively as other fighter bombers could were attending school rather than being re­ vances in military aviation. do in daylight. quired to vote at the home of their parents­ One is its swing. or variable sweep wing. The F-111's cost has been another source a victory that helped one fifth of the nation's The F-111, with wings extended, takes off in of criticism. 18-to-21-year-old voters. And in the Dis­ less than 3,000 feet. In flight, the wing can The fighter version's "flyaway cost," that trict of Columbia, Gardner's lawyers embar­ be folded back to a delta wing configuration rassed both national parties by suing them for high speed. is, airframe and two Pratt and Whitney TF-30-P-3 turbofan engines, is about $9.5- to obey the campaign money laws. The aircraft's most remarkable attribute A full and accurate appraisal of Common is i-ts capacity to fly automatically at low million for the fighter and just under $10- million for the fighter bomber. When sup­ Cause's work to date, however, is impossible level under the "eyes" of enemy radar. to make. For one thing, the lobby's book­ It is this capacity to penetrate radar de­ port and spares are added, the prices rise to $11.8-million and $13.9-million. keeping is helter-skelter. It is a bit ironic. fenses that is believed to be behind the Gardner's standard theme is that "the two Soviet delegation's suggestion at the recent $8. 8-BILLION PROGRAM great weapons against the public interest are talks on the limitation of strategic arms money and secrecy." He is constantly de­ that the F-111's be incluaed in the discus­ The total program c~st is estimated at $6.6-billion for the fighters and $1.2-billion nouncing special interests for not telling sion. It was the only aircraft mentioned the whole story about their lobbying ac­ by the Russians during the talks. for the bombers. There are two wings of bombers in the United States, one at Platts­ tivities. Yet the lobbying reports Common The F-111's Terrain-Following Radar, or Cause files with the clerk of the House of TFR, can be set to fly the plane at a selected burg Air Force Base in New York and the other at Pease Air Force Base in New Hamp­ Representatives, as required by law, leave low level. much untold. TRF guides the plane over the contours of shire. One wing of fighters, 72 aircraft, is de­ ployed at Upper Heyford in England. These reports show that Common Cause the earth, swooping into valley and clearing Air Force officers are generally convinced received $4,217,668.22 in dues and gifts in mountains at a fixed altitude day or night, that the F-111 is worth the money in either 1971 and spent $847,856.29. Does this mean regardless of weather. Should any of the TFR version. This is not only because it can do the lobby came through the year with a sur­ circuits fail, the system puts the plane auto­ things no other aircraft can do, they argue, plus of more than $3,000,000? No, it only matically into a climb to a higher altitude. but because it incorporates technology-the means this was all Common Cause spent to EVADES ENEMY RADAR variable wing, TFR, the crew module, the actually lobby on Federal legislation. Like The F-111 has a speed of Mach-1 plus at main strut landing gear-that represent the all its public accounting, Common Cause's sea level. Moving at that speed "on the deck," future in combat aircraft. record of specific lobbying expenditures is no eye, human or radar, can pick it up in "There is no comparable aircraft," Colonel spotty. Guessing from other known Common time for effective action. During a. short Gagnon said. · · Cause executive salaries, David Cohen, the August 17, 1972 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 29005 lobby's national field director-t he fellow a half percent-far better than the average Thus free to do better things than serve who pulls together any letter-writing cam­ return for direct-mail solicitation-to one in Congress, Barnes and Mixner looked paign from the membership~must be earn­ percent, which is barely acceptable. For a around to see what they could do for Colo­ ing at least $24,000, but the lobbying report comparison, Nader's direct-mail solicitation rado. "We started out to discover why the shows that for the last three months of 1971 has sometimes had as high as a three-and­ average Coloradan feels that his government he was paid a total of only $1246 for his ef­ a-half-percent return and has never had less is corrupt,'' says Barnes. "Here's a progres­ forts to influence legislation at the Federal than two and a half per<:ent.) In the fall of sive state with progressive leadership on level. 1970, full-page ads in The New York Times both sides of the aisle, goa.d men in the leg­ A number of other key salaries either are had a fantastic response, pulling more than islature, a legislature that has sporadically also reported only in part or are ignored al­ 7000 members into Common Cause. But a kicked up progressive legislation on abortion together. Common Cause president Conway's $10,000 full-page ad in the Times in Novem­ law and a children's code and things like $45,000 salary is not listed. No salary is listed ber 1971 brought in only 300 members. Gard­ that. Nevertheless, the typical citizen in the for Gardner and his aides say he doesn't re­ ner and his advisors decided the ad route state thanks that all politics is corrupt, that ceive one, surviving instead on income from was washed out. the government somehow doesn't reflect his lecturing and from stock-market profits. This is not to suggest that Common Cause interest and that he's tuned out. We felt if Andrew J. Glass, a reporter for the National is dying or that its executives feel defeated. we could find out what was wrong and what Journal, reminded Gardner that his refusal Conway predicts the outfit will continue to to do about it in a microcosm like Colorado, to disclose the specific sources of his income grow at the rate of 15 percent a year. But then we'd know the answer to the whole "appeared inconsistent with his stand against it is to suggest that by spending about $1,- national malaise." financial secrecy in lobbying operations and 500,000 a year in membership drives-over When the Publi<: Service Company of Colo­ exposed him to conflict-of-interest suspi­ one third its income-the C. C. hierarchy is rado-the biggest utility (gas and electricity) cions"; but Gardner still refused to open up. forced to be too concerned with what that in the state-asked for an annual $11,300,000 . Efforts to put together an accurate picture money returns. Thus, if Federal lobbying rate increase, Barnes and Mixner decided of the financial outlay through direct in­ seems to lose its sales appeal, pump more that this was the test case they had been quiries at Common Cause headquarters are into the state level and see if that catches waiting for. First they pulled together data equally frustrating. The young woman who­ on better. showing P.S.C.'s paralyzing hold on the state: by her and her boss's estimate-researched This is a danger Common- Cause leaders interlocking officials in half of Denver's big­ all and wrote 90 percent of a leaflet on dele­ seem to realize. They say they will spend gest banks, on 28 Colorado government com­ gate selection to national party conventions much less to recruit in 1972. The experiences missions, in 19 chambers of commerce, 19 told me that the editorial cost had been of 1971 had a dampening effect on some civic organizations (such as Red Cross), 32 "less than $3000." But other officials at Com­ workers. ·At the first meeting of the Illinois business and professional organizations, six mon Cause, insisting that the cost of secre­ state steering committee after Gardner's country clubs and eight universities and col­ taries and proofreaders and rewrite editors decision to change C. C.'s focus, one who was leges. should also be counted, put the cost at $15,- there recalls, "The feeling was that the "We sent out fact sheets to thousands of 000. The state director of another project Washington offices were so screwed up that Common Cause members," .says Barnes, "to testified before a Congressional committee no one quite knew how to approach the whole tell them what was at stake here: the coun­ that "the total cost to us in· making this thing, that it was a mistake to swit<:h the try clubs we were financing through our elec­ effort may be estimated to have been between focus to local and state issues, since we tric bills, the political movies we were financ­ $10,000 and $15,000." But higher officials at already have the IVI [Independent Voters of ing throug:Q. our electric bills, the infla­ national headquarters told me that the di­ lllinois], BGA [Better Government Associa­ tionary salary increases we were financing; rector was wrong and that the actual cost tion], et<:., for that type of lobbying, and the failure of the company to do anything was in the neighborhood of $75,000. that Common Cause ought to be a national­ about pollution control at the same time it If there's confusion about how the citizens' that is, Federal Government-lobby. There spent nearly $3,000,000 a year on advertising lobby spends its money, there's even more was also the feeling that Co:ptmon Cause was for a monopoly it didn't need to advertise. We confusion about where the lobby is going concentrating so much on membership drives sent all that information out to the public, and what it hopes to achieve next-confu­ and fund raising that it might possibly be­ and wow, they weren't apathetic at all. They sion that was generated at the end of 1971 come simply a self-perpetuating organization, came streaming in.'' when, just as it seemed Gardner and his top losing sight of its original goals." Indeed they did. It was the largest public honchos had settled on a plan of operation, Whether or not the refocusing on the participation in a rate hearing in the state's there was, without warning, an upheaval and states was wise, it was understandable, in a history. Barnes and Mixner had welded to­ a regrouping. Some of the more successful way. Aside from a couple of lawsuits, Com­ gether a coalition that would have made the operations were killed and a few of the C.C. mon Cause had only one socko trophy to ghosts of the old Populists give a cheer. Every executives with the best reputations were let point to at the end of 1971 : the Colorado Steelworkers local in Colorado joined. The go. The Capitol Hill lobbying staff was cut in Project. ·This project was so well conceived women's auxiliaries of the Steelworkers half. Even though they'd just begun to learn and executed--on so little money-that it joined. The National Farmers Union came how to concentrate pressure at the Federal was normal for Gardner to hold it in awe and in. So did the environmentalists and the level, suddenly there was the announcement to dream of duplicating it elsewhere, even peace people. Mixner calls it "a 'coalition' of that "from now on we intend to put more if the effort ripped apart the original con­ the exploited,' to use Senator Fred Harris' emphasis on state issues and state legisla· cept of Common Cause. phrase. These are the people who are getting tures." A Common. Cause lawyer had been The pillars of the Colorado Project/Com­ together, who have been divided by the cooking up a suit to force Nixon to roll back mon Cause are a couple of exciting public­ wealthy in this country. The people in our milk prices on the grounds that the G.O.P. interest adventurers named David Mixner coalition, why, they weren't even talking to had been bought off by the milk lobby-just and Craig S. Barnes. Mixner, who grew up in each other a year ago." the sort of lawsuit it seemed Gardner should the Seven Mountains area of Appalachia in The public showing in the rate hearing was have loved-but at the critical moment the a coal-mining family "that had been ripped . so overwhelming that the utilities commis­ lawyer was cut from the payroll. (So Ralph off for years by the Rockefellers," as he put sion, notoriously in the pocket of the indus­ Nader stepped in and hired him, filed the it, dropped out of college to join the peace try, decided that the safest thing to do was lawsuit and reaped front-page publicity in movement, drifted West and in 1970 went to whack $3,900,000 off the $11,300,000 rate­ The New York Times, The Washington Post work trying to elect Barnes to Congress. increase request. And in their appeal from and papers all around the country-publicity Barnes' background is posher. Son of a this ruling the Public Service Company law­ · from which Common Cause could have Denver civil engineer, he graduated from yers were reduced to complaining that-and dearly profited.) Stanford University in 1958 and from its law these are their very words-the Colorado Why the nervous reorganization? It was school in 1962. He joined a large Denver law Project leaders had injected an "emotional widely believed around town that Gardner firm. Part of his duties included lobbying for element" into the hearing and that this was had panicked. I! there is any one thing that industry's position on pollution matters. But, "improper." Nobody can whine like a corpo­ has been his specialty in the world of real says, he, "I decided I didn't want to do that ration lawyer when he's been trounced. people, it has been raising money-and sud­ for the rest of my life," and his rebellion Moving from Gardner to Barnes;Mixner, denly, alramingly, it seemed that he was quickly evolved to the point that he became one moves to an entirely different altitude. losing his touch. Common Cause had the lawyer in a celebrated Denver school­ Here the air is crisp and biting. No sludgy launched itself, as one of Nader's aides put integration case. Having cut the ties in this Reader's Digest wishfulness. No tips of the it, "on nothing but a good idea and John way, he took the next step by running as a hat to Rockefeller, Whitney, Ford and com­ Gardner's good name." As 1971 slumped to pea.ce candidate against the 20-year incum- pany. "We are gearing up to the day when an end, it seemed that these were still its . bent, Congressman Byron Rogers. Barnes de­ we can force the states to require different main, or only, assets in the public's mind. feated Rogers by 30 votes in the primary, but criteria for chartering corporations so that . The organization's activist role in Washing­ lost in the general election for two reasons: corporations will have their public responsi­ ton had been admirable but not impressive. He was considered too pro-integration and bilities as well as profit motives," says Barnes. And the public seemed to be losing interest. he made a public statement, which he never "Isn't it Saul Alinsky who says what we need Th,e return on the lobby's ~irect-mail re­ withdrew, that he would go to jail rather is an American form of communism? That cruiting had fallen from a high of two and than serve in Viet nam. we need a fairer way to restrain corporate 29006 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS August 17, 1972 power and the profit ethic, but something more times than anyone has been elected little exchanges with him in committee ses­ that just isn't as unethical as Marxist com­ to public office in the history of Louisiana. sions. munism? I would agree with that. I think STAYING POWER "I think he would say mine is the minority this is a political movement. I think the of the minority point of view," Harrington It is this remarkable staying power that said. climate is right to have another progressive made it possible for Hebert to be there when revolution. The facts are right. The 30-year He agreed that Hebert ha.s made an effort period of consolidation of corporate power is the chairmanship of the committee opened at fairness in running the committee­ almost complete, so that the President can up with the death of Rivers in 1970. A partly because Hebert has the votes, both in deal with 500 corporations and feel that he's Louisiana friend has a theory of how Hebert the commitee and in Congress. got the chairmanship, and thus his present got the problem under control. Mintz and "But I think there is much more the form Cohen say (in America, Inc.) there are only position of power. of fairness than the substance of fairness," 200 corporations that you have to worry Hebert, a Jesuit-educated Roman Catholic, Harrington said. "They can play a pretty about, standing astride the economy of the tells the story this way: rough sub-surface game." country. Well, the time has come, and those "He says, that Fella upstairs wanted Harrington's complaint is that some staff of us who are involved are at the genesis of Hebert. He wanted one of His .boys to be members and the more senior-and generally a movement to do something about the sub­ chairman instead of that Baptist, Mendel more conservative-members of the com­ version of the democratic process by corpo­ Rivers. So what does He do? (Rep. Phi.lip J.) mittee play things close to the vest. rate power." Philbin's in the way. He's blockin'. So He "I have a feeling that there is a reluctance The point in quoting so extensively from goes over there to Boston·, gets that Jesuit to share information,'' he said. these two Colorado chaps is to show one po­ (the Rev. Robert F.) Drinan-another one As committee chairman, Hebert dispenses tential of Common Cause. Both in the Fed­ of the boys-to beat Philbin. So that clears what he calls the ''goodies"-generally air­ eral capital and out in the states it has sur­ the way for Hebert. Then He grabs Rivers plane rides to interesting places. He encour­ faced a number of tough do-gooders like and takes him off." ages the committee members to travel be­ Barnes and Mixner, and occasionally the Whether he got there by accident of age cause "the best way that a man knows what money raised by Gardner trickles down to or politics or by divine intervention, the way he's doing is to absolutely touch the thing· them and they do marvelous things with it. the former newspaperman from New Orleans and see it." Maybe the trickling will increase. has chosen to use his immense power in the Thus, when Harrington, a brand new mem­ Meanwhile, what more could you ask from last year and a half has been interesting and ber of the committee, wanted to go to South­ $15 than the surprise of finding yourselt not entirely predictable. east Asia, Hebert told him he was welcome to lobbying hand in hand with Jack Valenti When Heb~rt came to Congress in 1941 as go to South Vietnam-but not to Laos or and Arlene Francis? part of a political deal, he was 38 years old Cambodia. and had behind him a career as a newspaper­ "He couldn't understand that,'' Hebert man in which he had broken a major scan­ said. "I said, well, I got enough trouble ..." dal in Louisiana. "We fenced for a year on Laos and Cam­ In 1952, as head of the House investigating A PROFILE OF THE HONORABLE bodia," Harrington said. "Finally, I said I subcommittee, he conducted a series of surrendered and would agree to his ground F. EDWARD HEBERT widely publicized hearings on Pentagon rules. waste and procurement mistakes. Even Hebert's critics don't accuse him of "I'm supposed to be the patsy of the · using his power to influence the location of HON. BOB WILSON Pentagon," he says. "I know that's what peo­ military bases or the awarding of military ple think. But way before Proxmire ever contracts for political purposes-aside from OF CALIFORNIA could spell 'waste,' let alone get it in print, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES his acknowledged protection of installations I had a chamber of horrors. That was one of already. in the New Orleans area. Mr. BOB WILSON of California. Mr. the most devastating investigations of the But the fact that military installations Speaker, those of us who serve with Pentagon that was ever conducted.'' and defense contracts are economically im­ Armed Services Committee Chairman, In another investigation, he uncovered a portant in many parts of the country has scandal in the airframe industry and saw a made it difficult-virtually impossible, in any F. EDWARD HEBERT, have great respect corrupt labor leader hustled off to jail. for him and his earnest desire for fair­ meaningful sense-for the would-be rebels But now that he is chairman, Hebert's in­ on Hebert's committee to get together in a ness in the operations of our committee. vestigative zeal seems to have cooled. In­ concerted effort to make major changes in Recently a profile of Chairman HEBERT stead, he has concentrated on reforms within the defense budgets in committee. was published in the Washington Star the committee-a committee on which the And yet, it is only in committee that there and Daily News which captures the chairman has traditionally been a stern auto­ is a realistic chance to make changes. This colorful character of this unusual man. crat. year, for example, the committee qut the ad­ Asked in a recent interview what image he ministration's $23 billion military procure­ 1 insert this article by Orr Kelly to be would like to create, Hebert replied: printed in the RECORD. ment and research bill by $1.5 billion-but "The image I'd like to have is that I'm Hebert proudly notes that there was not a The article follows: fair, that I'm not swayed by partisanship and single change made in the bill on the House SOME CHANGES SINCE RIVERS-ARMS AND that I believe in giving every man his day floor. in court. That I'm trustworthy and that MR. HEBERT LIKES LAIRD (By Orr Kelly) when I say something I mean it. I think that's the image I'd want most." The committee handles two major chunks In the glacial movement of congressional of the defense budget each year-the pro­ seniority, it took Eddie Hebert 30 years Thus, under Hebert's chairmanship, each member of the committee is allowed just curement and research budget of about $22 from the time he entered Congress to become billion and the military construction budget chairman of the House Ar.med Services Com­ five minutes to question witnesses and then wait his turn again. Each is called in the of about $2 billion. But it also has a strong mittee and thus one of the half dozen· or influence on the operations and maintenance so most powerful men in Washington. order of seniority among those present when the session begins. This contrasts with hear­ account, and it sets the pay scales. In effect, "There's no kidding. The chairman's got ings under Rivers, when the chairman did it thus has direct or indirect control over the power!" Hebert says. most of the questioning and his friends­ entire defense budget of about $85 billion. "An admiral was in here the other day. Hebert's concentration on reform within There was a little 'dilution' going to take including Hebert-did the rest, or with the days of Carl Vinson, who didn't even know the committee is probably based to some ex­ place irr the Eighth Naval District. The ad­ the names of the junior members on his tent on his general feeling that things are miral was sitting down where you are sitting. committee. going pretty well at the Pentagon under De­ "And I looked at him and said, 'Admiral, fense Secretary Melvin Laird. I don't know whether you heard it or not but Even with those members of the commit­ "I think Laird's a great man," Hebert said. Mendel Rivers died a year and a half ago. tee with whom he has the greatest political, "I put Laird in the class with Forrestal. For­ Have you heard? He's dead!' ideological and generational differences, He­ restal is my favorite.'' The late James For­ "Well, he got the message." bert has generally managed to maintain a restal was the first secretary of defense. Rep. F. Edward Hebert, D-La., has a partic­ friendly personal relationship, and he has But Hebert, who talks with an accent pe­ ular concern for the welfare of the congress­ given some of them important assignments culiar to certain parts of New Orleans-an man from Louisiana's First Congressional they would not have received under Rivers. accent more like that of Brooklyn than the District. Rep. Lucien N. Nedzi, D-Mich., for example, South-would probably run the committee "The only election I take in is every two has been made chairman of the special sub­ quite different if Robert S. McNamara were years in the First Congressional District of committee on the Central Intelligence still secretary. Louisiana when I support the incumbent Agency with the mandate to take a close "I used to get a kick out of that man," with vigor," he says. look at the government's whole intelligence . he said. "I had fun with him. I'd tell him If you live in Hebert's New Orleans dis­ operation. things deliberately, you know, just to annoy trict, you have to be 53 years old to have Hebert's relations even seem to be reason­ him. He didn't talk my language at all. voted for anyon·e else who was elected to ably good with Rep. Michael Harrington, D­ "Oh, I used to tell him the godda.mndest, Congress. He confidently expects to be Mass., who is just half as old as Hebert and most outrageous things. One day he was elected for the 17th time this November- who has gotten into a couple of rather nasty sitting right over there, a.nd. I told him, August 17, 1972 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 29007

'Robert, you know, you just a transient here. extent of their presence must be deter­ A POSITIVE APPROACH TO CONSUMERISM • . • I said I've seen 'em come and I've seen mined. (By H. W. Close) 'em go and I'll be here when you're gone.' Last week I visited the Dalecarlia The greatest challenge to business survival "I am.•.. And I am!" Water Treatment Plant to observe the is the array of demands, desires, decrees and Hebert has an ir.repressible and ribald doubts we call consumerism. sense of humor and a lasting appreciation Army Corps of Engineers' virus testing operations. The Corps of Engineers, re­ Consumerism is a. facrt; of business life. for the finer things in life. It's not just a noisy phase that will pass He rides around in a Cadillac and owns sponsible for Washington's water supply, if we ignore it. It's here to stay. And it's three homes. In each home is a complete has recently awarded the Woodard Re­ changing the way we run our businesses. expensive wardrobe, so he never has to pack search Corp. a contract to test regularly Look rut the time, energy and money all a bag. Since he first came to town, some of both the raw and treated water at Dale­ of us have invested in recent months to meet the nicest looking girls in Wash..irlgiton have carlia for viruses. The data provided by the immediate requirements of the new con­ graced his offices. sumerism-regulations on flammability, la­ When the Rayburn House Office Building this study will go a long way toward an­ swering questions on the effectiveness of beling, packaging, and so on. Often we are was under construction, he prowled around working in the face of arbitrary deadlines and found a place where the design would current water treatment processes, from and impractical standards. provide one office of extraordinary size. lt the standpoint of viral contamination. That's more than just a noisy phase. Ev­ is now the fanciest office on the Hill, com­ And too, this study will contribute to the plete with a foyer with fountain. ery time you look at your cost statement it refinement of techniques for detecting gets more real. Off his private office are two other rooms. small quantities of virus in large quanti­ But the noise-the overkill, the exaggera­ One he calls the "Adult Room." lt is a ties of water. techniques that are now tion, the emotion, the overreaction-has little bar decorated With seductive pictures prohibitive because of the complexity, tended to make a positive response to the of naked ladies and a street sign from Bour­ consumer movement difficult. bon Street, which used to be in Hebert's expense, and time involved. Just as water is now monitored for bacterial contami­ One reason is that COD$Umerism is assessed district and was pa.rt of his bealt as a differently by different people. reporta-. nants--that once constituted major pub­ Some businessmen, for example, might The other is furnished with a television lic health hazards--we can soon expect think ilt's a costly, bloody nuisance. set, chairs and a oouch. viral monitoring to become the rule The reform-hungry zealots see consumer­ "That's the 'Adultery Room,' " Hebert rather than the exception in municipal ism as a way to inflict vengean~hey call chuckles. water and sewage treatment plants. it "justice"--on a business community which It took Hebeoct 30 years to get where he has exploited the consumer. is now-&lld he likes his job. It is to the great credit of the Corps' skilled professional and technical per­ Some politicians think it's a great vehicle "I know I'm in the twilight stages," he for vote-getting. acknowledges. "I'll be 71 on Oct. 12. Times sonnel that despite raw sewage contam­ Some bureaucrats think ilt's a great vehicle are changing. You feel like. • • • 'I1ake those ination received at the intake, Washing­ for empire-building. kids, imagine those kids 18, 19, 20. Me, I'm ton area residents are guaranteed Many of the leading consumer advocates, just a name to them." wholesome, potable water. The Dalecarlia I'm sure, see the movement as a means of But now that he's ch.a.J.rma.n, he shows intake receives upstream water with an giving voice to millions of silent brut ag­ no signs of wanting to move on. estimated one·-half to two-thirds million grieved consumers. gallons of sewage overflow from the But I'm not sure whether the real con­ Cabin John watershed; this contamina­ srumer~the Lady with the Pocketbook at the "TESTING FOR VIRUSES AT retail counter-cares about tih.e movement, DALECARLIA" tion is of a higher degree than would be or realizes what is being promoted in her found in water from the upper estuary. behalf. For all these reasons the Army Corps The consumer, of course, is the very reason HON. GILBERT GUDE of Engineers is doing research on the for the businessman's existence. If there is OF MARYLAND effects of chlorination on enteric viruses anything we value more than a customer, it is a satisfied customer who comes back • • . IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES and is studying the potential of the Potomac Estuary as a supplemental and brings a friend. Thursday, August 17, 1972 That's called good will. Good will is earned water source for Washington. These by performance. And you are never better Mr. GUDE. Mr. Speaker, Washington, three projects will provide much needed than your last performance. D.C. and its suburbs, without appropriate information for all concerned to avert a water crisis in Washington, and ulti­ OMINOUS IMPLICATIONS planning, can face a water shortage So we have reason to be concerned, not sometime in the next decade-the pro­ mately the Nation. The Army Corps of only about the immediate pressures of con­ jected flow of the Potomac River will sim­ Engineers is to be commended for their sumerism, but about some of the long-range ply not be sufficient to meet the growing foresight and leadership in the field of implications of the movement. They are omi- demand indefinitely. Washington's water water supply; and I sincerely hope that nous. _ problem is, however, symptomatic of the others will follow their example and di­ They are aimed at destroying the credi­ water situation in many other municipal­ bility of business with its customers, and rect their efforts toward developing new they threaten the free enterprise system that ities throughout the United States. It is sources of "cool, clean water." has done more for consumers than any other no news that the time is long overdue to system in the history of the world. begin exploring and developing the po­ Our credibility is already eroding when a tential of recycled wastewater and pol­ Gallup Poll shows ~mericans think business luted surface waters as supplements to A POSITIVE APPROACH TO makes 28 per cent net profit on sales. . .. our existing sources of potable and rec­ CONSUMERISM Somebody said they just misplaced the deci­ reational waters. As a matter of fact, mal point. reuse of water in America is hardly a Our credibility is undermined when a revolutionary or novel concept. An ex­ HON. WM. JENNINGS BRYAN DORN United States Senator is quoted widely as OF SOUTH CAROLINA saying $30 of every $100 spent by the aver­ haustive study of one-third of our Amer­ age consumer is lost due to overpricing, ican cities in 1961 demonstrated that IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES underquality, unnecessary surcharges, or these municipalities included from 0 to Thursday, August 17, 1972 plain fraud. 18 percent municipal waste water from Our credibility is suspect when nearly two­ upstream in their drinking water with Mr. DORN. Mr. Speaker, the Hon. H. thirds of the public, according to a survey the average city having 3.5 percent re­ W. Close delivered a very timely and su­ made by Opinion Research Corporation, feel perb address recently to the South Caro­ that the issue of "advertisers making false cycled waste water in its supply. claims" is a serious moral problem. The FTC One of the major concerns to use of lina Textile Manufacturers Association compounds the suspicion with its movement polluted and recycled waste waters is at Sea Island, Ga. Mr. Close is provid­ toward "full disclosure" product advePtising. viral contamination. Enteric viruses, ing outstanding leadership as president Our credibility is jeopardized in a.n ex­ which cause such diseases as infectious of the American Textile Manufacturers tremely ironic way when an outfit in Boston hepatitis, polio, and a variety of gastro­ starts selling, by mail order, something called Institute and as chairman of the board the Telagripe Complaint Kit, complete with intestinal disorders, are commonly found of directors of the fabulous Springs Mills. sample letters to company presidents. Only in raw sewage and polluted waters. How­ I commend this great address to the at­ one dollar. ever, before the means to remove or inac­ tention of the Congress and to the Amer­ You and I can fume in outrage. tivate viruses can be fully developed, the ican people: But while we're steaming, our opposition CXVIII--1827-Part 22 29008 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS August 17, 1972. is making points with our customers and In England a few years ago, government that she'll tire of soon, or a printed shift to putting new rules in the lawbooks. flammability standards were made very wear around the house for two years, then· It makes it tough to take a positive ap­ stiff. . So stiff, in fact, that the only goods she has a perfect right to indulge herself. proach to consumerism. available on the counters didn't have the That's pure consumerism, and we can live TIME FOR OBJECTIVITY feel or look customers wanted. They wouldn't with it. But a positive approach is necessary. Be­ sell. The consumerism movement, however, cause a punitive philosophy which makes Mothers started sewing pajamas and night­ can be disastrous to us if we sit back and business the Whipping boy will hurt the con­ gowns for their children. Or they let the let lt, ignoring its enormous implications. sumer as much as business in t he long run. children sleep in their underwear in place But if we approach it positively and flex­ How, then, do we put consumerism in of the sleepwear they couldn't find in the ibly, we can minimize the dangers. We can perspective? store. make consumerism what it ought to be-a For one thing, it is time t hat informed, That's consumerism gone berserk-protec­ mechanism that listens to and responds to tion so thorough and so sound it protects no the consumer. ~~~;::~:~s ~~~~~i;':, tl~:e:C:~!~X:e~i~~~m~:.de one and limits the consumer's selection in They said it a long time ago, and it's still We recently held the first meeting of the process. true: The customer is always right. That Springs M111s' Consumer Advisory Panel. This It is the consumer-not government, nor response, for business in a time of change, group is composed of six women college pro­ business, nor self-appointed guardians-who should never change. fessors from across the nation, all profes­ must determine freely what goods and serv­ sional home economists. They represent an ices will survive in the marketplace. organization of 2,200 professors of textiles The new American consumer is not a wild, and clothing at 400 universities and colleges loud radical (although some who say they THE GUARANTEED STUDENT LOAN throughout this country, Canada and Puerto represent her might be) . PROGRAM Rico. She is a fashion-conscious, independent, We thought of them as moderate, informed better-educated, more affluent person who consumer advocates. looks for value in products, and integrity in companies which make products. HON. WILLIAM R. ROY That perception didn't really prepare us OF KANSAS If we in business take no initiative to for their first session with our marketing IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES executives. serve her interests in a positive way, it is ob­ Much of what these consumer advocates vious she will look to someone else for at­ Thu1·sday, August 17, 1972 had to say was at odds with what the better tention-and we will have to live (or die) publicized leaders of the movement con­ with the consequences. Mr. ROY. Mr. Speaker, today this body stantly 'offer. How can business take a positive approach is focusing its attention on our system to consumerism? One of them said: "Some of the current of elementary and se~ondary education. trends in consumerism are going to result There are several ways: 1. Short-term, of course, we must comply While I thin~ that this discussion is a in eliminating the freedom of choice the necessary one, I think that we should consumer should have when she makes a with the new regulations if we wish to con­ purchase." tinue marketing products. also be aware of some recent occurrences Another one said: "I don't think con­ 2. But we can also begin an aggressive pol­ that may have an adverse effect on our sumers are aware of what is being done for icy of informing the consumer about the free system of higher education. Mr. Speaker, 'them by industry, because industry isn't tell­ enterprise system, and the benefits she can I am referring to the situation now being ing its story. Maybe education isn't helping and has derived from it. encountered by thousands of students tell the story either." One of our college teacher panel members under the recent changes in the guaran­ Other comments from this group of wom­ talked about a model curriculum now being teed student loan program. en-they're consumers, too, as well as ex­ introduced in some public schools as far perts in the field of textile consumer re­ down as kindergarten. It is aimed at provid­ The Congress completed its action on search-tended to support the contention ing a base for understanding product value­ the Education Amendments of 1972 in that increased regulation would limit con­ we economists would call it the cost/benefit late June. In its deliberations, it was sumer freedom, and increase costs. relationship. made clear that the Congress sought to We are hopeful that this influential group, Opening the doors of communication at expand and enlarge the guaranteed stu­ with knowledge of industry as well as con­ this and countless other levels is a long­ dent loan program, which has been so sumers, will begin to make its voice heard in range antidote to anti-business attitudes. successful in the past. However, now that consumerist and government circles as a Someone has called this form of economics these amendments are public law, and result of our effort to open communications ignorance "attitude pollution." . with them. The result of "attitude pollution" -is a are being implemented, the actual intent One panel member went so far as to say wealth of doubt and criticism about busi­ and the actual effect of the law are in we're putting too much quality into our ness, and very few practical solutions. conflict. fashion products. She contended that extra 3. We can provide our customers with clear, · Because of some ambiguities in the durability meant extra cost that was un­ concise and practical information about our language of the legislation, the guaran­ necessary in a product with a brief fashion products--whether it's through schools, re- teed student loan program has come to a life. For example, she complained she'd had tail clerks, advertising or labels. - 4. We can take a closer look at our own virtual stop. Students who had been eli­ the same bedspread for 20 years, and was in sick of it. companies to make sure channels of com­ gible for and had received loans the Now I'll have to admit that this is a new munication between us and the customers past are now finding that they can no one on me. are open. Let's think of consumers as human longer receive this aid. With this comes But maybe it's also a new one on the beings, not some homogeneous entity out the increasing possibility that many of professional consumer movers who're ad­ there somewhere. the students who have benefited under vocating that we build every product to last If the lady's sheet doesn't fit her bed, we this loan program in the past may not a lifetime, and limit the choices the custome1· ought to want to know about it. The lady, in be able to obtain the necessary assistance faces at the retail counter. turn, doesn't want a short course in sheet­ they are counting on to return to school Those are two extremes. And maybe the making technology, or form-letter bafHegab real answer lies somewhere in between, nei­ from a remote computer. She simply wants a this fall. ther too much nor too little. sheet that fits her bed. And quickly. Mr. Speaker, we must act immediately To get an answer, of course, you have to 5. We can coordinate our product lines and to correct this problem. The fall semester ask a question. our product development work more closely will begin in just a few weeks, and yet ASK THE CONSUMER WHAT SHE WANTS with our market research. literally thousands of students are still If we are to improve .our profitability at We have to break out of our comfortable left hanging in the balance. The students the same time we improve our response to need to know whether or not they will be shells of preconception and ask the emerg­ the consumer, we are going to have to become ing American consumer direct questions: more selective about the products we offer. able to get the money to return to school. What does she really want, what is she really We are going to have to be sure they are The passage of emergency legislation is willing to pay for, where does she want to go meeting a distinct consumer demand. most certainly in order. We must act to get it? That's called market research. 6. Finally, we can improve our liaison with before the close of business tomorrow, Then v,:e must answer our own questions: government at all levels, in an effort to make before we recess, if we are to have any Can we make it, how much will it cost, how reason and practicality important elements effect at all. soon can we get it to her? That's called prod­ in regulatory guidelines-more important I was glad to learn that, yesterday, the uct research. than crusading zeal, presumptuous advo­ U we do that, I think we are getting to cacy or misguided enthusiasm. Senate passed Senate Joint Resolution the eye of the hurricane: True consumerism But let's put the lady first, not the textile 260 which delays the implementation of is giving the consumer what she wants and industry, not Betty Furness, not the FTC. the guaranteed student loan program will pay for, not what anybody else says If she wants to buy a red dress for a provisions of the Education Amendments she wants. special occasion, or a flowered bed spread of 1972 so that lenders may continue to August 17, 1972 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 29009 provide student loans on the same basis better fulfill the demands of this wonderful propriation of money for six months now, but as they did last year. This action on the country-the United States of America­ nothing has been done! How can we explain where everyone of us can practice the rights this or justify political nonsense, government part of the Senate is to be applauded. of a. free people, and also fulfill the demands red tape, inefficiency, and blundering to I now call on the House of Representa- · of Ukraine-the fatherland of our ances­ cancer victims and their families? We cannot tives to do the same. We cannot afford tors-which now, unfortunately, enslaved by tolerate this floundering for a few years be­ to do less. the Communist regime is deprived of all fore we decide what's needed to have the pro­ equality and human rights which we here gram move forward and really play a tremen­ freely enjoy. Thank you. dously significant role in benefitting man­ FIRST UKRAINIAN-AMERICAN DAY kind. Would you Congressman Peyser, please push for a "crash program" in this vital area HON. HENRY P. SMITH III WE MUST STEP UP OUR FIGHT of finding a control or vaccine? Areas of re­ OF NEW YORK search showing great promise such as Dr. AGAINST CANCER Folkman's should take "top priority." In the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES words of Irving I. Rimer, Vice President for Thursday, August 17, 1972 Public Information of the American Cancer HON. PETER A. PEYSER Society, Inc., "Dr. Folkman's work holds great Mr. SMITH of New York. Mr. Speaker, OF NEW YORK promise and the Society and the National last Sunday I had the privilege of attend­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Cancer Institute will support him fully. It ing the first annual Ukrainian-American Thursday, August 17, _1972 looks like Congress will appropriate major in­ Day in western New York. This event creases for research. This is what the scien­ celebrated the first settlers in western Mr. PEYSER. Mr. Speaker, the thou­ tific community has been demanding and New York to come from the Ukraine 90 sands of Americans dying of cancer each needs to get on with the job." If this is what's year cry out for an accelerated drive needed Congressman Peyser, please act now!!! years ago. It was a day of pride in heri­ I feel so strongly that great numbers of tage and a day that made all of us proud against this terrible amiction. Over a men of expertise in the field of Immunology for the many wonderful and strong year ago, the Congress took a significant should be directed to join Dr. Folkman as a. strands that make up the warp and woof step forward in the battle against cancer back-up team in his life-saving search. Cer­ Of the United States of America. The with the passage of the National Cancer tainly, more labs should join in this vital words of Wasyl Sharvan, president of Act. Already, in fiscal year 1971, almost search and attack on this national menace­ the Ukrainian Congress Committee, Buf­ $300 million were spent for pure research this dread disease. under the auspices of this act. However, Doesn't this crisis open our eyes enough falo Chapter, delivered on this happy to see that it is absolutely essential for the occasion, were as follows: the passage of this act and the expendi­ National Cancer Instftute to secure Doctor ADDRESS BY WASYL SHARVAN ture of Federal moneys are no more than Folkman's services on a full time!!! basis, so Most Reverend Clergy, Honorable Edward a beginning and we must not slacken our that this Chief of Surgery at Children's Hos­ Regan, Congressman Dulski, Congressman efforts to wipe out cancer. pital in Boston could devote his time solely Kemp, Congressman Smith, Honorable Frank It is a rare family which has not been to this urgent area of accelerating an inten­ Sedita, Mayor of Buffalo, Mayors of our touched by cancer in one way or another. sive search for a vaccine to conquer this neighboring towns of Lackawana and Cheek­ I recently received· an eloquent letter deadly peril ! towaga members of the honorary committee from a Bronxville, N.Y., mother and wife We cry out against the loss of life in Viet­ of this First Ukrainian-American Day ladies nam and at the slaughter of innocent angels and gentlemen, fellow citizens: ' whose family has been tragically affected in abortion, and rightfully so! But what It gives me great pleasure to greet everyone by this disease. about the cancer battlefront that is con~ of you participating at this First Ukrainian­ I commend it to the attention of my stantly with us and its continually mounting American Day in our Erie County, honoring colleagues: death toll-its pain, suffering and heart­ the 90th Anniversary of the first Ukrainian BRONXVILLE, N.Y. break? Spiraling taxes, catastrophic medical settlers in the Buffalo area. In planning this DEAR CONGESSMAN PEYSER: I am SO per­ expenses and the insidious threat ever hang­ special and memorable day, we hope to initi~ meated with grief and fear that I pray you ing over us! I've lived in fear for 13 years only ate a similar annual gathering for all Ukrain­ will read my letter, give it your serious con­ to bury a sweet little angel who loved life ian Americans and their friends; to give them sideration, and hopefully, take effective ac­ and all it had to offer, a beautiful little girl ample opportunities of deepening and widen­ tion. just going into her teens. We lost the battle ing steadfast friendships. We gather here Last June, after a thirteen year battle with with Cystic Fibrosis. Every three months my today, to reminisce with old friends and to Cystic Fibrosis, we lost our daughter, Lynn. husband and I took Lynn to Children's Hospi­ meet new ones whose honorable opinions and :rile cure for which we had prayed so long tal in Boston to see Dr. Harry S. Livachman. ideas will be of great help in dealing with · did not come in time! When we lost Lynn, we Now, Dr. Folkman is in the same hospital. our community activities. lost a precious little gem! Don't let a cure be so near and yet so far! While celebrating this memorable occa­ Two weeks after Lynn died my husband was Stop the growth and spread of the tumoz sion, it would be quite impossible to single operated on for removal of a second intestinal with a vaccine or control, as Dr. Folkman is out the pioneers whose endless struggles and polyp (malignant). The first polyp was re­ endeavoring to do, and save precious human hardships well preserved the Ukrainian iden­ moved, and a colostomy performed in Decem­ lives as quickly as possible, before these can­ tity in a new land-through innumerable ber, 1970. I have been numb since hearing cer victims have crossed the threshold of no contributions into the social life of the this. return! ! ! Then, we can fill in the remaining Ukrainian ethnic community. The period Passage of the Cancer Act, along with an pieces of the p'Uzzle-the cause and preven­ after the 2nd World War brought· into this announcement from Dr. Judah Folkman of tion. The acute cry for help is from the pres­ country and also into our community many Children's Hospital in Boston, have provided ent cancer patients hoping to be saved. This. fine families of Ukrainian emigrants who, a light at the end of a seemingly dark tunnel. is an "SOS" for salvation! immediately upon their arrival have in­ I have enclosed a. copy of the article which Congressman Peyser, I pray that you will cluded themselves entirely into this ethnic talks of a major breakthrough, of a possible put the vast resources of our nation to work movement. Here are some of the many ex­ vaccine for cancer. For the first time, a for the public good in this most vital area amples of the persistent work that today is malignant tumor has been held in the dor­ and demand a national crash priority pro­ being accented with the greatest possible mant state! Dr. Folkman estimates a treat­ gram in order to accelerate and make the appraisal: Ukrainian churches of the East­ ment method may be available within 2 to 5 headway necessary to end this war on cancer. ern rite, traditionally decorated Ukrainian years. This doctor has given hope and in­ People protest and introduce all kinds of homes, fraternity organizations, auxiliary spiration to millions. The enormous multi­ legislation, but so much of it is "trivial" in organizations and others. tude of cancer victims has been thrown a comparison to a plea for human life! We de­ This festive occasion makes it possible for life-line; but Congressman Peyser, how long plore the loss of our natural resources, but us and equally for all others to admit-and can they hang on?? Dr. Folkman mentions what more precious resource than life itself? we do it with a note of pride-that in spite having a 12 man team and that 6 other labs We are abdicating our responsibility, as of our small group, as far as other ethnic have excitedly joined in the search. To a. are the men in the key positions of the Can­ groups are concerned, we-as the Ukrainian drowning man, this seems like a "token" cer Program, if we allow blundering and American minority group, are being con­ force!! laxity and government red tape to hinder an stantly praised for being well organized, dis­ Certainly, with time such a precious com­ intense search. Unnecessary delays cannot be ciplined, conscientious and well respected in modity in this race against death, this area tolerated·! The question, "What has been this community of various nationalities. of such great promise should be stepped up to done?" should be answered. The people are I'm convinced that this celebration of the a round-the-clock basis! Time is of the ut­ entitled to that answer. We worry about help­ First Ukrainian-American Day will bring to­ most if the present cancer victims are to be ing people in other countries, and we do not gether all Americans of Ukrainian descent saved. What a blessing that the Cancer Act hear the multitude crying at home. much closer in order to achieve our goals. has been passed, what a boon to mankind, If we were to think in terms of a war effort, Such we will do--through better under­ and yet, what has been done?? On a recent as in the Manhattan Project and Space Pro­ standing and more . dedicated work in our WINS broadcast, Dr. Watson of the Cancer grams, with research labs working "round­ community. Consequently, we will be able to Board reported that they have this large ap- the-clock," this type of speed-up program 29010 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS August 17, 1972 would increase productivity, could bring the the United States Olympic Team plior decision poses a threat to our free press day of a cure closer to becoming a reality! to their departure for the 1972 Summer which Congress must act to avert. Try to get a Doctor on a weekend. Hospitals Olympics in Munich, Germany. It was an In that opinion, the authority of operate on a skeleton force, and those re­ search labs are idle and closed . This should inspiring and meaningful tribute to ·congress to create such a privilege was never be when millions of people are fight­ America's finest athletes. not denied. Several bills pending in the ing time-waiting for help-t heir lives hang­ The Wichita, Kansas Eagle gave its House Judiciary Committee which would ing in the balance! Death and suffering take editorial best wishes to four Kansans grant such a right to newsmen have been no holiday! who are members of this outstanding held up for over 14 months awaiting a We must function at f ull spead in this team. The editorial follows : report from the Justice Department. I disaster area, in this desperat e battle for KANSANS IN THE 0L YMPICS have urged Attorney'General Kliendienst life, to eradicate this dread menace, this to h~sten his completion of the report, nightmare that now exists for hundreds of The best wishes of all of us Kansans who thousands of cancer patient s and their fami­ must stay home go witl"l four sunflower but It has not yet been issued. Further lies. St ate athletes who will compete in the 20th delay by the Justice Department only I pray that you will make a strong demand Olympic Games beginning August 26 in worsens the situation for newsmen trying before Congress for a showdown i mmediately Munich, Germany. to obtain information from controversial for the necessary appropriation needed for There, Kansas will be represented by sources. The result is that the public is research in this vital area- a "crash pro­ Wichita's star miler Jim Ryun in the 1,500- deprived of a considerable degree of gram" in the area of a vaccine or cure! I met er events; former Clay Center high school and Kansas State University runner Ken knowledge about events, because many hope you will get much exposure for this are reluctant to disclose information to cause before the people. What more sane or Swenson in the 800-meter races; former humane cause-what cause more in the in­ Wichita State University assistant track reporters whose pledge of confidence terests of the people? Hardly a family has coach Preston Carrington in the long-jump may now be circumvented by any grand not been touched by this dread d isease. The events; and self-taught archer Dennis Mc­ jury. It is essential that we fill this gap government must cooperate and take effec­ Cormak in the first bow-and-arrow competi­ in the first amendment before the con­ tive action now before more citizens are tion ever held in the Olympics. cept of a free press itself becomes an claimed as victims. No feet should be drag­ This will be the third Olympics competi­ empty promise. ging when time lost means lives lost! You tion for Ryun, who in 1967 ran the world's fastest mile in 3 :51:1 minutes. Now, on An article in yesterday's Washington men who are holding the reins should get Post by William Raspberry advances the wheels in motion and keep them mov­ leave of absence from his California job, t·he ing. Dr. Folkman's search must be acceler­ Wichitan has been living recently in Law­ some of the arguments for the passage ated in every possible way and our efforts rence, Kan., so that he might train under of a Newsmans Privilege Act. I am insert­ concentrated in this area first, when time is his former high school coach, Bob Timmons, ing it in the RECORD. I am also inserting running out. We must act now if we are to now track coach at the University of Kansas. an article written by Earl Caldwell in the save the lives of all the cancer victims who Swenson, a 1970 graduate of Kansas State August 5, 1972 Saturday Review. Cald­ have been given hope. These hopes must University, is in the U.S. Army and has been well was one of the reporters involved not be disappointed! transferred to Ft. Riley in order to train with his college coach, DeLoss Dodds, at in the Court decisions, and his article Again, Congressman Peyser, don't let a cure provides a dramatic first-hand account be so near and yet so far! I am fighting for neighboring Manhattan. While at high the most precious person in all the world schooler at Clay Center, he was the State of how reporte1~s operate, and how dam­ to me, my husband. I pray that Dr. Folkman half-mile champion. aging the denial of newsman's privilege and hundreds of other dedicated doctors will Carrington is WSU's first Olympian since actually is to newsgathering in America. work feverishly. I pray that he will devote Harold Manning placed fifth in the steeple­ I urge members to read these articles himself solely to the pursuit of. his vaccine chase events in 1936. With a top jump of so that with a full understanding of th~ to stop the growth and spread of malignant 26 feet 4 inches in the Olympic trials, he has problem we may act quickly to defend tumors. I pray that his search will be intensi­ been rated ninth best long jumper in the world by Track and Field Magazine. the first amendment's guarantee of a free · fied and greatly accelerat ed on a round-the­ press from the damaging effects of the clock basis with every conceivable kind of · Twenty-year-old McCormak was one of six sophisticated equipment at his disposal. I Americans qualifying for the new Olympics recent Court decision. pray that his team will be greatly enlarged. archery event in national trials at Oxford The articles follow: Please, please shout this appeal, and I know Ohio, recently. He got his first bow and arroV.: ON NEWSMAN'S PRIVILEGE at the age of 14 and taught himself how to you will be heard\ use it. The Columbus, Kan., resident, now a (By William Raspberry) · Please God, be with us. Bring t his cure to student at Kansas State College, Pittsburg, So soon after Jack Anderson's goof in the us. We have been living on Death Row. Now, has never had formal archery training. Eagleton affair may not be the best time there is hope for a pardon! Help us to live. The hopes of these four, as they go into to talk about newsman's privilege; public Help my husband and me t o realize our competition with the best of the world's opinion may be too much the other way. hopes and dreams, to raise our other three athletes in Munich will be matched by the But it seems clear, to me and to most children. My husband is my life. To ever face good wishes of their fellow Kansans. The ~ewsmen, that we should be able to offer this world alone makes n"le tremble with fear young men should be proud that they were some sort of assurance to our confidential to even think of it. I love him and need him chosen to represent the United States in sources that their confidences wlll not be be­ so desperately! the international games. and Kansas is right­ trayed. It also seems clear to many of us, in Please Congressman Peyser, help make this fully proud of them. light of the June ruling of the U.S. Supreme vaccine attainable. What greater cause, what Court in the Earl Caldwell case, that we more precious gift to all mankind than life cannot offer any such assurance now, ex­ itself? I can think of no more worthy en­ cept, perhaps, a vow that we'd go to jail be­ deavor than the one I leave with you. fore betraying a confidence. My eternal thanks for anything you can "NEWSMEN'S PRIVILEGE ACT" That's too high a price for an individual do to help. to pay for what is, in eft'ect, an act in the Sincerely yours, pu8lic interest. EILEEN LASKOSKI. HON. MICHAEL HARRINGTON The Caldwell case stemmed from that P.S. The key factor is the time factor. OF MASSACHUSETTS newsman's reports, in The New York Times, These cancer patients are fighting time! Fight IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES on the activities of the Black Panther Par­ for a speed-up for Dr. Folkman's search and ty-reports that he was able to write only Thursday, August 17, 1972 immediate increase for research! after he gained the confidence of Black Panther members, and after promises that Mr. HARRINGTON. Mr. Speaker, 18 he would honor their restrictions on what months ago, 25 Members of Congress, W9tS not to be published. including myself, introduced the News­ But after Caldwell wrote his series, he KANSANS IN THE OLYMPICS men's Privilege Act. That bill was de­ found himself summoned to testify before a signed to protect the right of news­ grand jury investigating Black Panther ac­ HON. GARNER E. SHRIVER gatherers to maintain confidential tivities. sources, a right essential to full report­ His refusal, on First Amendment grounds, OF KANSAS was fought all the way up to the Supreme TN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ing of the news. As you know, the Supreme Court recently decided three Court, and he lost. The free-press guarantee Thursday, August 17, 1972 of the First Amendment, the Court held, cases in this area, ruling by a 5 to 4 neither prevents the subpoenaing of re­ Mr. SHRIVER. Mr. Speaker, it was vote that newsmen did not have such a porters by grand juries nor protects them most appropriate for the House of Repre­ constitutional right under the first from punishment if they choose to remain sentatives today to receive members of amendment's free press guarantee. The silent . August 17, 1972 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 29011 Until that ruling, some newsmen had dis­ ciding vote had been cast by a man who had gram before other reporters knew it existed. couraged attempts to write into law any been deeply involved in the subpoena issue I wrote about it in the Times. If I've ever provision aimed at protecting reporters' when he was ·in the Justice Department. written a page-one story, that was it. The sources. Their feeling was that it was better I thought back to the day, February 2, story was all there, but it was buried some­ to have newsman's privilege accepted as a 1970, when the first subpoena was served. It where in the thickness of the Sunday edi­ matter of common law-as with doctors and required me to appear in San Francisco before tion. I told how painstakingly they went lawyers--than to have it enacted. Pass it as a federal grand jury that was probing the ac­ about their work, cooking big breakfasts­ a piece of legislation, and a subsequent leg­ tivities of Black Panthers. I had been coun­ eggs, bacon, ham, grits, biscuits--they had islature could repeal it. seled-not by my attorney, but by other legal it all. But they also added politics, in the That argument is wdrthless in light of the experts and by people prominent in the songs they sang, in the literature they gave to Supreme Court ruling. What demands atten­ newspaper industry-against being so anx­ the kids. Nobody tried to hide the political tion now is what kind of law can best serve ious to go to court to fight the issue. They part from me-the reporter from the New the purpose. It must be strong enough to argued that I risked having a bad law made York Times. Every now and then I'd get the provide real protection for confidences, and in an area where none had existed. In other third degree. "C'mon now, Caldwell; we know yet not so strong as to risk turning newsmen words, I shouldn't go to court because I you're a cop," they'd say. But I kept coming into tyrants. might lose. It would be better, they said, if back, and I kept telling them: "I'm a re­ That's why the Anderson-Eagleton affair we could work something out. porter. That's my job. That's the only rea­ comes to mind. At the time Anderson made There was nothing to work out. I'm a jour­ son-the only reason I'm here." Somewhere his claim about Eagleton's alleged drunk­ nalist and, as quiet as it's kept, serious about along the line they began to believe me. driving record, he said he got his information my work. I grin a lot and try to give the im­ On the morning before he went into hiding from a former Missouri official-that is to pression that I'm always happy. That's the and eventually slipped out of the country I say, a confidential source. facade black folks must put up. So when I visited Eldridge Cleaver in hils San Francisco He later acknowledged that the informa­ said that I wasn't going to appear before home. I remember him sitting there at his tion was false. But suppose he hadn't. Clearly any grand jury investigating the Black Pan­ typewriter with his shoes off and telling me no law ought to give Anderson the right to ther party, nobody believed that I was seri­ that the time was coming when the Pan­ make an unfounded allegation against any­ ous. Perhaps they didn't know now where thers would have to move against black jour­ one else. If it came to that, I could write any I'd been for the past five or six years. nalists. Once, he explained, it hadn't made scandalous thing about anyone I didn't like, I was on the balcony with Martin Luther any difference what we wrote beoause no­ claim I learned the scandal from a confiden­ King in 1968, and I saw him die. I saw the body-nobody black, that is--read us. But tial source and get away clean. blood come out of his neck and stack up wLth blacks beginning to read more, what I obviously can't do that. Nor does any around his head. I watched Ralph Abernathy was being written about them was becoming legislative proposal I have seen propose to let cradle King's head in his arms. I was there, more important. "What good do you do, any­ me do that. The essential protection being and I looked into King's eyes and watched how?" he asked me. I wrestled with the ques­ sought is of sources, not of newsmen. The him die. tion then; it is even more difficult to answer laws against libel would remain intact. Before that I had done my time in the now. One proposal that seems to fit the bill has streets. I wasn't just in Newark or Detroit. I As I became more deeply involved with the been drawn up by Cecelia Matthews for her was on Blue Hill Avenue in Boston. I was on Panthers, I began to keep all kinds of files legislative drafting class at George Washing­ the west side in Dayton. I was in Cincinnati on them. On Panther personalities. On off­ ton University Law School. and Watts and Sacramento and Chicago and the-recocd conversations. I kept ta.pes, too, Essentially, it would prevent mandatory a lot of other places where black folks showed and I would write my personal reactions disclosure of any communication between a their anger and rebelled during the summer to everything involving the Panthers that I news source and a newsman "whenever, and of 1967. covered. At this point they were under at­ for as long as, the passage of the communi­ I remember being in Newark and visiting tack by police groups across the country. cation, the content of the communication, a young kid in his home just after his At a time when the party was shutting out or the source of the communication 1s desig­ mother had been fatally shot. There were reporters, I was oloser to it than ever. I would nated as confidential by the news source in twelve in that family, and their father was sit nights at the national headquarters on order to provide for, or facilitate, the free dead. Their mother had locked them inside Shattuck Avenue in Berkeley, talkdng with flow of information to the public through the apartment when the rioting broke out, anyone who would talk. Often I would not the news media. and she was lying on a couch. She got up­ leave until 3 or 4 in the morning. The party "A newsman may not be adjudged in con­ maybe to get a drink of water or may to see trusted me so much that, I did not have tempt (of court, grand jury or Congress) for about the food on the stove. It makes no to ask for per:mission to bring along a tape refusing or failing to disclose any matter difference. The thing that's worth remem­ recorder. Some writers hinted on occasion (so) protected." bering is that when she got up a bullet that I was a member of the party: I wrote The 'protection could be waived after a came through a window and tore her neck that off as professional jealousy. hearing in the interest of national security, apart. When I arrived, with my press card, But I was never permitted to follow the to prevent a miscarriage of justice or in a there was only a pool of blood left and holes story through to the end. The FBI saw to public emergency. in the walls that were bigger than your that. I had my first encounter with FBI That seems fair enough. fist. The next morning the stories in my agents when I wrote about the Panthers' paper were not about police and National guns, but thart; time they left me alone Guardsmen firing weapons so powerful that when I assured them that all the informa­ "ASK ME. I KNOW. I WAS THE TEST CASE." they dug walls apart. The Times headlined tion was available in the newspaper. Then, (By Earl Caldwell) stories about snipers--snipers who the gov­ late in 1969, the·y began to intedere with NEW YORK, N.Y.-At this point I am al· ernor of New Jersey said were oper·ating in my work. They wanted to piok my brain. ready so far past my deadline that my editor the black community and who were highly They wanted me to slip ·about behind my has given up listening to my excuses. She has professional (in spite of the fact that they news sources, to act like the double agents parked outside my office and has informed never killed anyone) . I saw on old movie reruns on TV. me that she will not leave until the piece is Out of that summer came Rap Brown. I This is not my fantasy. The Times knew finished. All this to pull loose my reaction went across the country with him, and I what was happen!lng. They knew the FBI to the Supreme Court's June 29 decision that watched thousands of black folks who were was calling me very day. Finally, W·allace the government has, if it chooses, a perfect fed up, who were so filled with rage that Turner, chief of the Times bwreau in San right to subpoena me, or any other news­ they, too, were about to explode. Out of all Francisco, arranged for an assistant in the man, to testify before a grand jury-in my that came the Black Panther party. bureau, Alma Brackett, to take all my calls. case, one investigating the Black Panther When I linked up with the Panthers late The FBI even had women oall. It wen.t on party. in 1968 on the West Coast, they called me a like that foa." months, until one day an The article should be easy to write. I've cop. I had to be a cop, they reasoned: The agent told Mrs. Brackett that, if I didn't got so much to say that I feel about to burst. New York Times was not about to send a come in and talk to them, I'd be telling what But I can't put anything on paper. I can't let black reporter 3,000 miles just to cover them. I knew in court. That's when they subpoe­ anyone know. I have to keep it to myself. I had friends who knew Kathleen Cleaver; naed me. They asked for all of my tape That's the rule of the game. Just this once, she was my first contact with the party. recorddngs, notebooks, and othe;r doucments though, I'd like to say: The hell with it­ But to make it, you had to be able to deal covering a period of more than fourteen the hell with· what the Justice Department with the Panthers in the streets, the Pan­ months-and let me know that, if I did not might do-the hell with what the New York thers whose names you never asked, whose come in with everything, I would go to jail. Times thinks. I owe this one to myself. I names you never read ip. the paper. They As it turned out, when I did refuse to appear know what I've been through these past two were the one who showed me what I needed before the grand jury, I was found in oivil years. Let me get this off my chest. to know. Late one night in San Francisco contempt and sentenced to jail until I com­ The day the decision came down I stayed they yanked an old couch away from a wall plied with the court order. Fortunately, the at home. A friend called to say that I had in a cramped apartment, exposing stacks of court agreed to stay the execution of that lost. Later that morning I phoned the Times, guns of every sort. I could tell my readers order until I had a chance to appeal. and Gene Roberts, the national editor, told then to take these people seriously, and I The rest is history. I met Tony Amsterdam, me that the decision had been 5 to 4. Justice did. a good man and a brilliant lawyer, who un­ Rehnquist had made the difference. The de- I watched the Panthers' breakfast pro- derstood why I could not appear before the 29012 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS August 17, 1972 grand jury. Tony was beautiful. He never black Americans are discovering in these that doctors or researchers who usually dedi­ asked about money. He never said that we repeated "coincidences" a sick and invid­ cate themselves to trying to save human be­ shouldn't do this or we shouldn't do that ious intent. ings this time sat casually by for 40 years because we might get a bad law written. He and watched them slowly die without mak­ said that we were right and that we would Mr. C. Sumner Stone, a highly re­ ing any effort to help them to hold on to go all the way to the Supreme Court if we spected journalist, raises some very im­ life. had to. We did. And now the Court has portant questions in his column of Au­ During the last few years, there has been ruled, and it makes me sick that the vote gust 1, 1972. As he suggests, the use of a rising tide of opinion in the black com­ that beat us was cast by one of the very men the word "genocide" often brings charges munity that there is a "secret" or "unofficial" who earlier sat in the Justice Department, of hyperbole from some quarters. But, plot to wipe out black people. where he could not have avoided being in­ Mr. Speaker, we would do well to remem­ The continued existence of "detention volved in this whole issue. So the records centers" around the country and some of show that we lost-lost in a court that black ber that the Genocide Convention has the cattle round-up methods used by some folks has come to think of as their last re­ yet to be ratified by the U.S. Senate. officials have in dealing with dissent have sort for justice in the United States of Mr. Speaker, Mr. Stone's article en­ not diluted that charge. America. titled "Syphilis and Genocide" follows." Family planning or planned parenthood It's no longer important now what the SYPHILIS AND GENOCIDE has been widely viewed by many responsible government can get from me about the (By Chuck Stone) black professionals and leaders as a subtle, Panthers. I have nothing to say about them. but effective effort to destroy the black fam­ They are not the sa.me o:rganization now It either takes a tough constitution or a ily and limit its growth. that they were when I covered them. As for rancid morality to sit quietly by and watch The high rate of black veterans' deaths in the notes and ~he tapes I spoke of earlier­ 200 men die without doing anything about it. Vietnam ( 12.5%) compared to their percent­ well, they're all gone. I ripped up the note­ I call it genocide. Have you got a better age in the armed services ( 9.8% ) worries a books. I erased the tapes and shredded almost name for it? bla.ck community who sees its manhood be­ every document that I had that dealt with The act of genocide was even officially sanc­ ing systematically wiped out. the Panthers. Many of those items should tioned by the United States Public Health And now comes along a U.S.-government­ Service. have been saved, for history's sake, as much sta.mped genocide program that takes 0n as for anything. But in America today a re­ The experiment began 40 years ago with some of the coloration of Hitler's systematic porter cannot save his notes or his tapes about 600 black men. Of those 600, about destruction of 6 million Jews. or other doeuments. one-third were free of the disease; two-thirds Sure, dismiss the analogy as ridulous and That's not all. From now on no newspaper showed evidence of syphilis. Of the syphilitic tut-tut me with the a-dmonition that I'm can hope to cover effectively an organiza.tion group, half were treated, but the other half­ really being paranoid. such as the Panthers. I don't care how black about 200-received no treatment. And they But when you live in a country that delib­ a reporter is, he won't get close. He won't, received no treatment even after penicillin erately facilitates the deaths of 200 of its and he shouldn't try. He won't because he was developed during World War II. citizens of an ethnic group of which you are cannot be trusted as a reporter. When he At first blush, the charge of genocide may a part, that's not paranoia. goes out and cuts an interview, he may say be considered extravagant rhetoric. But, those That's "real-a-noia" and a lot of black peo­ that it's only for his paper. He may swear 400 black men were "systematically and de­ ple, like the Congressional Black Caucus, are to it. But if he means it, the gove1·nm.ent can liberately destroyed" as a racial group and wondering just how much their American now put him in jail and keep him there. that's exactly what genocide is. citizenship is worth these days. Ask me. I know. I was the test case. And be­ Even my reaction is a delayed one because cause Justice Rehnquist did not disqualify I was so revulsed by this official slaughter, I himself, we lost. shied away from a comment. What do you SOVIET OCCUPATION OF Yes, this should be an easy piece to write. say about a group of sadists who wear the CZECHOSLOVAK.IA I have a lot t.o say. It's difficult, though, be­ snow-white uniforms of medical researchers cause I have a lot to think about. I am which permit them to play God with the lives teaching this summer at Columbia Univer­ of human beings? The 13-member Congressional Black Cau­ HON. JOEL T. BROYHILL sity, but in another month I'll be heading OF VIRGINIA back west to my job as a West Coast corre­ cus shocked me back into reality with its de­ spondent for the Times. I still have not fig­ mand yesterday that "everyone responsible IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ' ured out how I can go back into the black for these hideous acts of crime be brought ThursdaY. August 17, 1972 community--or any community, for that to justice." matter-and present myself as a journalist. The Caucus also called for reparations to Mr. BROYHILL of Virginia. Mr. Hell, even the Supreme Court has now said be paid to the familles and victims of this 40- Speaker, there will be no freedom in that there is nothing wrong with forcing a year-long experiment. Czechoslovakia until Soviet troops are reporter to become a spy. But not all of the In its demand for reparations, the Caucus removed and the iron heel of dictator's Court misunderstood. resurrected an idea that enjoyed a ,wide cur­ rency in the black community a few years boots lifted from the backs of those who In his dissenting opinion, Justice Douglas live in this great land where decency wrote: "A reporter is no better than his ago. Former SNCC Director James Forman source of information. Unless he has a priv­ demanded that America's churches pay rep­ and justice has been stifled by oppression. ilege to withhold the identity of his source, arations to black people for supporting Now is the time, the hour and the he will be the victim of governmental in­ American racism. The idea was contemptu­ moment for America to marshal world trigue or aggression. If he can be summoned ously dismissed as far-fetched, but the Cau­ opinion to expose the indecency that is to testify in secret before a grand jury, his cus's demand of yesterday gives it a renewed depriving the people of Czechoslovakia sour.c~s will dry up and the attempted ex­ respectability. "The overall effects of this immoral revela­ of their historic right to govern them­ posure, the effort to enlighten the public, selves in peace and freedom. will be ended. If what the Court sanctions tion," continued the Caucus's statement, today becomes settled law, then the report­ "extend far beyond the life-long sufferings We who are free cannot rest in secu­ er's main function in American society w111 of myria-d black families and their unborn rity until man is free everywhere. Ag­ be to pass on to the public the press releases offspring. It poignantly reflects the deflated gression and oppression must not, cannot which the various departments of govern­ value that white people have historically be tolerated by civilized nations. Those ment issue." placed upon black lives." who seek to join the community of free That's an extremely harsh indictment for nations as the Soviet Union is attempt­ a group of distinguished elected officials to ing today, must pay freedom's price or "SYPHILIS AND GENOCIDE" level against the citizens of their own country. be denied the equality and respect it de­ But its harshness in no way compares to mands. Until such time, when the Soviet the devaluation of human life that the Government ceases its occupation and HON. CHARLES C. DIGGS, JR. United States government placed upon the oppression, it must stand aside from the OF MICHIGAN lives of a group of its own citizens. world of peace-seekers. So long as there IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Sure, in the name of scientific advance, is a single Czech or Slovak citizen de­ there have been medical experiments in Thursday, August 17, 1972 which the victims were injected with a dis­ prived of his rights or his freedom there ease or a virus to test the effectiveness of a can be no trust or faith in our relations Mr. DIGGS. Mr. Speaker, the events with Soviet leadership. We who are free surrounding the so-called "Tuskegee newly discovered cure. They knew the possi­ bility of death, but they also knew that the mtist proclaim this rule of decency for Study" to investigate the effects of un­ medical researchers were hanging in there mankind, now and tomorrow, with all treated syphilis have shocked the entire all the time trying to save their lives. the strength and insistence we command. black commmrity. Those responsible for Not the U.S. Public Health Service this To do less is to deny our own heritage. the "experiment" have repeatedly denied time. This we will not do as Americans. This that race was a factor. However, many And I think that's an essential difference- we cannot do as decent people whose August 17, 1972 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 29013 faith in justice extends to all who are ing on buying wheat. If other grains are pur­ sidy or suspend it. The Agriculture Depart­ now denied it. chased in amounts predicted a month ago, ment can do this, but hasn't given any indi­ trade sources say the three-year deal could cation that it will. total $1 billion. Wheat buyers also are unhappy that the The Russians aren't saying what their government isn't unloading enough of its plans are, and the U.S .. exporters with whom wheat stocks-which now amount to some SLICING TWO WAYS they are doing business are even more se­ 300 million bushels from surplus produc­ cretive. Since July 8, $127 million of wheat tion in recent years-in an effort to st em HON. LESTER L. WOLFF for export to Russia has been registered with the wheat price spiral. Market prices have OF NEW YORK the · government's Export Marketing Serv­ risen far above the trigger level at which the ice, a procedure necessary to qualify for government can sell the grain it acquired IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES some of the $500 million credit that the U.S. from farmers as part of its price-support pro­ Thursday, August 17, 1972 is extending Russia. That $127 million will gram, but the government has chosen to sell buy about 82 million bushels. at the higher market price instead of the Mr. WOLFF. Mr. Speaker, while I am However, sources in the grain trade say "trigger" price. In the past two weeks, the sure that there are numerous positive as­ that much mare wheat has been bought by government has sold more than 50 million pects to the United States-Soviet grain Russia for cash; most of this wheat is the bushels of wheat. agreement, I am deeply concerned that hard red winter type used mainly for bread­ THE BRIGHTER SIDE this $750-million deal may be paid for making. Some sources figure that Russia Enthusiasts of the Russian grain deal say by the American consumer and taxpayer. could buy 350 million to 400 million bushels the benefits to the economy will more than According to a Wall Street Journal of U.S. wheat this year alone. offset these unforeseen or at least unmen­ article, which I will include following my PUSHING PRICES UP tioned costs to the public. remarks, the grain deal may add 1 or 2 Such bullish reports have spurred one of "It's going to start right at the farm, where the sharpest climbs in wheat prices on rec­ the little guys with maybe 5,000 bushels to cents per loaf of bread for the consumer ord. Ordinary hard red winter wheat hit a sell are getting the best price in years," says and necessitate added Government ex­ peak last week in Kansas City of $1.86 a a vice president of a grains export firm. "He port subsidies for the already overbur­ bushel, the highest in five years and up 35 and his family are going to use that extra dened taxpayer. cents from the day before the Russian deal money not only for a new tractor or some­ I am afraid that this may be another was announced. Wheat-futures trading on thing but also to get a new refrigerator or example of an international agreement, the Kansas City Board of Trade is setting new car. Those Russian rubles are going to which may have a definite adverse eco­ records, and during a recent three-day pe­ ripple through our whole economy." riod a speculator could have turned a $1,000 The government figures that every million nomic impact on the average American, tons of grain exported creates 3,000 to 5,000 taking precedence over the needs of our profit on a $500 investment on a single fu­ tures contract for 5,000 bushels. jobs in the U.S. Among the first to benefit are troubled domestic economy. Since Aug. 1, the New York wholesale price the grain handling and transportation in­ The article follows: of 100-pound sacks of flour has increased to dustries, which are directly involved in gath­ SLICING TWO WAYS-U.S.-SOVIET GRAIN DEAL $7.44 from .$6.57. The big baking companies, ering the wheat and other grains from across COULD LIFT BREAD PRICES AND INCREASE which normally are in the market at this the country and moving it to the ports, SUBSIDIES time of year contracting for about a six mainly on the Gulf of Mexico. (By Norman H. Fischer) months' supply, have been buying enough Only the Western "granger" railroads will to keep operating on a C.ay-to-day basis. cash in on the export business; the profit­ ·CHICAGO.-Along with aU the expected ben­ pinched Eastern roads won't get any of the fits, the big grain deal with Russia may de­ "It looks as if we missed the bus this year," sighs one Southwestern baker, who business. Fortunately, there won't be a har­ liver a couple of surprise punches to U.S. con­ vest-season boxcar shortage this year for the sumers and taxpayers. figures he could have saved 60 cents to 90 cents on each 100 pounds 1! he'd bought his first time in many years, railroad officials -Bread prices could go up. Wholesale flour say. They explain they are keeping better prices already are rising dizzyingly, and 1! supplies three weeks ago. "Our only hope is that the bottom will fall out of the wheat track of their boxcars and hopper cars with they stay up the big bakers say they will be the aid of computers, and shippers are being forced to ask the Price Commission for per­ market, but I don't think it will." Bread, cookie and cracker bakers say encouraged with lower rates to load and un­ mission to boost retail prices by a cent or load faster. two a loaf. they'll be forced to raise prices sometime this fall unless the wheat and flour prices lose BOON FOR BARGES -The government will have to shell out Barge lines' business is booming, too. Traf­ many million of dollars in export subsidies to some of their gains. R. H. Uhlmann, presi­ dent of Standard Milling Co., Kansas City, fic down the Mississippi River to New Or­ move U.S. grain to Russia. The Soviet Union leans is running 15% to 25% ahead of a year is buying wheat here at prices generally says flour costs constitute 15% of the retail price of bread, roughly six cents for a one­ ago for five major barge operators, says John prevalent throughout the rest of the world, Creedy, president of the Water Transport As­ while wheat prices in the U.S. are climbing pound loaf. The increase in flour prices so f.ar would justify a one-cent boost in the re­ sociation. August and September are usually to much higher levels because of the in­ dull months on the river, he says, but the creased demand caused by the sales to Rus­ tail bread price, some bakers continued. SUBSIDY PAYMENTS MOUNT grain exporting firms "are booking all the sia. The government subsidizes exporters to barges they can find." make up for the difference. Rising wheat prices are taking their toll - Even some truckers are getting grain busi­ On the posi·tive side, of course, selling at on Uncle Sam's pursestrings, too. A month ness because shipping deadlines in some cases least $750 million of wheat, corn and other ago, the wheat prices here and throughout won't allow a leisurely barge trip or even a grains to the Soviet Union over the next three the rest of the world were so close that the day's wait for a freight train. Truckers mov­ years wlll be a welcomed boost for the lagging U.S. government had to subsidize exports ing Russia-bound grain from the upper Mid­ U.S. balance of payments. The deal will bene­ f·rom Gulf of Mexico ports by only two cents west to Great Lakes ports recently got pre­ fit the U.S. economy, too, with boons for a bushel. Now, mostly because of the Rus­ miums of 10 cents a hundred pounds to make those handling the grain-farmers, elevator sian purchases, the Gulf port subsidy has speedy delivery. operators, railroads, truckers, barge lines, ex­ swelled to 36 cents a bushel. Because of the Russian orders, the total porters, longshoremen and ship owners. One day in mid-July, when the subsidy U.S. wheat exports to all customers in the EASING THE STRAINS had risen to about 15 cents, a record 77 mil­ year ending next June 30 could be a record There is no indication yet how the positive lion bushels of wheat were registered for ex­ one billion bushels. If so, and if domestic use and negative repercussions will balance out. port and covered by subsidies totaling $11.5 is 805 million bushels as predicted, surplus In the long run, argue Nixon administration million. Since the Russian grain deal was U.S. wheat stocks held by this government officials who helped negotiate the deal, the announced, export subsidies have been and others on June 30, 1973, could be cut by U.S. stands to gain not only economically but granted for some 200 million bushels of a whopping 200 million bushels to about 620 in reduced international tensions as well. wheat (not all of it for Russia). million bushels, the smallest surfeit in sev­ The benefits of relaxing the often-strained On the other hand, the government might eral years. relations with Russia are incalculable, ad­ save as much as $100 million on wheat sub­ As a result, there is speculation that the ministration men assert. sidy payments to farmers because of the rise government may have to revise its 1973 farm The do]Jars-and-cents impact can't be in the market price. The subsidy program for program for wheat, announced late last pinned down now for another reason-the U.S. wheat farmers is very complex, but month. The program aims at reducing wh~at Russians might end up buying more grain basically as the market rises the subsidies de­ acreage next year and further cutting the than originally anticipated because of bad cline. The government previously estimated surplus stocks by another 100 million harvests in the Soviet Union and throughout its subsidies to wheat farmers this year bushels. Eastern Europe. When the deal was an­ would be $890 million. However, Washington sources say the Ag­ nounced July 8, the $750 million was sup­ Millers and bakers contend the subsidy riculture Department is unlikely to change posed to be spent largely on corn and other to exporters is helping push wheat prices gears now and encourage increased wheat grains to feed Russian livestock. So far, higher than they should be, and they are plantings. "The farm planners think all the though, the Soviets have been concentrat- asking the government to lower that sub- Russian wheat-buying is a one-shot deal," 29014 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS August 17, 1972 says one observer. "And 1! it isn't, the market cials have been executed by the North Viet­ to Israel. He is a corresponding member of price will stay up and farmers will plant namese Communists and the Viet Cong. the prestigious Academy of Science and so far more wheat anyway, farm progra~ or no. N There ha.ve, at course, been atrocities on the only person associated with the academy the Allied side. But anyone who is still pre­ to apply for permission to emigrate. pared to maintain that a Communist take­ Educated Jews have long encountered more over in South Vietnam would not lead to a difficulties in emigrating than blue-collar or OUR WITHDRAWAL FROM bloodbath of major dimensions is simply ig­ office workers and tradesmen, and Western VIETNAM noring the evidence at ha.nd. A politician like diplomats said tens~ons ·between Jews and Senator McGovern, who advocates a. quick Soviet authorities were evidently rising be­ and unila.tera.l American withdrawal from cause more intellectuals had been applying Southeast Asia, need look no farther than for exit visas lately. HON. LOUIS C. WYMAN the shallow graves of Binhdinh province to Western diplomats reportoo that through OF NEW HAKPSIIIRE see where the policies he advocates would the first six months of this year about 15,000 lead those who have placed their trust in the Jews had been allowed to emigrate, roughly IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES United States. the same number as in all of 1971. Mr. WYMAN. Mr. Speaker, in recent Some Jews are contending, however, that days there have been many thoughtless the :flow since midyear has slowed down, re­ and self-serving criticisms of the Presi­ :flecting a. change in Soviet attitude. So far EXIT FEES RISING FOR SOVIET there has been no official confirmation, nor dent's various initiatives to end our in­ any confirmation from diplomats who follow volvement in the war in Indochina. The JEWS such affairs closely. central theme of all this talk from those who wish to be President is that any GRADUATED FEE SYSTEM other administration could disengage A new schedule of fees for educated ap­ HON. G.ILBERT GUDE plicants, if put fully into practice, would be from Vietnam in an easy fashion without OF MARYLAND aimed not only a.t blocking those who have any trouble whatsoever. This is just not IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES already applied but a.t deterring others from the case. Our withdrawal from Vietnam Thursday, August 17, 1972 applying, Jewish sources said. is proceeding in as expeditious a fashion They reported having been told today that as possible. A precipitous withdrawal, as Mr. GUDE. Mr. Speaker, a most dis­ Jews who had graduated from a teachers some who should know better have sug­ turbing development in the struggle of · institute faced fees of 4,500 rubles-$5,400. gested, would lead to a catastrophe in the Jews of Russia for freedom was University graduates were to pay 11,000 brought to light yesterday in Moscow. rubles-$13,200-and holders of the candi­ South Vietnam and cheapen the word of date degree, equivalent to a Ph.D. in Amer­ the United States in its relations with The Soviet authorities have established ica, were to be charged 22,000 rubles---$26,400. other countries around the world. a new system of exit fees, ranging from Other Jewish sources reported slightly dif­ The lead editorial in August 14 Wash­ $5,000 to $25,000 for educated Jews who ferent figures but in the same range. ington Star-News dealt with this matter wish to emigrate to Israel. It is quite Even without a graduated fee scale, Dr. in a timely and perceptive way and I clear that more Jewish intellectuals and Levich and his colleagues conteru:led that believe its message should be made avail­ technicians have been applying for exit educated Jews were being discriminated visas lately. They have traditionally been against. "Jews wishing to leave are being di­ able to all who read the RECORD. vided according to their educational and in­ MAsSACRE IN BINHDINH harassed upon application for permission tellectual level," they said in their statement. It is a fervently- held article of liberal faith to emigrate, but this highly punitive "The higher the level, the more difficult it is that if tbe United States will just get out of measure is an unconscionable step. The to get permission to get a visa." Indochina.. all will be sweetness and light new system of graduated fees-the high­ They asserted that obstacles to intellectu­ among the Vietnamese people, North and er the level of education, the more ex­ als had been stepped up lately--discharge South, Communist and non-Communist. pensive it is to leave the country--can­ from work after applying for visas, the -threat Those who chant this doxology ignore the not be justified. It is a clear attempt to of prosecution for la.ck of employment, sud­ execution of thousands of Vietnamese and discourage the highly qualified scientists den military call-ups and the danger of trials :flight of tens of thousands more when the for those who refused to serve, disconnection Communists took over in the North in 1954. and other intellectuals from applying for of telephones and interference with mail. They ignore the mass graves containing the visas, if not eliminate the feasibility of These measures, ·the statement asserted. bodies of more than 2,600 South Vietnamese their leaving altogether. I urge my col­ came at the same time as new pressures civilians murdered at Hue during the 1968 leagues to make note of this as reported against non-Jewish civil rights activists here Tet o1Iensive. So they should have no diffi­ in the New York Times, August 17: and trials of liberals in Czechoslovakia culty whatsoever in glossing over the less nu­ SOVIET JEWS SAY Exrr FEE Is RisiNG FOR Professor Levich, who was demoted ·since merous casualties of the more calculated THE EDUCATED his unsuccessful application for an exit visa last March, said that his son, Yevgeny, a reign of terror which has taken place at (By Hedrick Smith) Binhdinh province on the central coast of 24-year-old astrophysicist, has been Ol'd.ered South Vietnam the past three months. Moscow, Aug. 15.--Jewish sources reported to report for two years' military service de­ Binhdinh fell quickly to the North Viet­ tonight that Soviet authorities are institut­ spite chronic physical disa.bi11t1es and de­ namese in early April and it was not until ing a. new system of heavy exit fees ranging spite the normal exemption granted to sci­ July that Saigon's forces launched a serious from $5,000 to $25,000 for educated Jews who entists with Ph.D.'s.. effort to retake it. So the Communists had want to emigrate to Israel. Besides the Leviches. those who endorsed plenty of time. There was no need to httrry, The sources said they learned of the new the statement were Dr. David S. Azbel, 61, a as there was in Hue in 1968, when American measure. replacing the old general fee of retired chemistry professor who spent 16 and South Vietnamese forces counterattacked about $1,000, while some Jews were applying yeat·s in Stalinist prison camps; Prof. within days of the city's fall. for exit visas with a branch a! the Interior Aleksandr V. Voronel, 41, a physicist; Prof. According to intelligence reports and on­ Ministry today. No official confirmation was Boris G. Moisheson, 34, mathematician; Dr. the-spot interviews with survivors, the possible. Vladimir G. Zaylavsky, 43, molecula-r biolo­ Communists were extremely methodical. The Government explanation, the sources gist; Viktor S. Yakhot. 28, solid-state physi­ They rounded up hamlet and village chiefs, said, was that the fees were necessary repay­ cist; Dmitri K. Simls, 24, sociologist formerly pacification workers, policemen, militiamen, ment to the Government for the costs of with the Institute of World Economics and teachers, doctors, nurses, clerical workers, lit­ state-financed education. A similar reason International Relations; Gregory L. Svechin­ erally anyone who had had any connection had long been given for the earlier fee. sky, 32, an engineer and teacher, and Vlktor with the Saigon government. "People's Earlier today, 10 Jewish intellectuals B. Nord, 27, a film director whose recent courts" executed several hundred (perhaps charged that the Government was discrimi­ movie, "The Debut," won critical a.cclaim. as many as 500) and shipped an estimated nating against educated Jews in handling 6,000 others off to "people's prisons" in re­ emigration requests and that harassment mote areas of the Communist-held Anlao and delays had increased in the last two valley. Most of those killed apparently were months. Under present Government policies, the MAN'S INHUMANITY TO MAN­ executed by rifle fire but others were buried HOW LONG? . alive, beheaded. or ha.cked to pieces. 10 said in a. joint statement, there was a None of this represents any new departure danger that highly qualified scientists and in tactics on Hanoi's part. Aside from the educated Jews were in danger of becoming genera.l massacres in the North in 1954 and "a new category of human beings-the slaves HON. WILLIAM J. SCHERLE 1n the South during the 1968 Tet offensive, of the 20th century." OF IOWA the murder and kidnaping of South Viet­ RARE NEWS CONFEr..ENCE HELD IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES namese oft'lcla.ls has been part and parcel of The statement was read at a rare news Communist "liberation" since the war be­ conference by Benjamin G. Levick, a 55-year­ Thm·sday, August 17, 1972 gan. In the past four and a. half years, nearly old chemist and scholar, the highest-ranking Mr. SCHERLE. Mr. Speaker, a chlld 25,000 South Vietnamese civilians and offi-· Soviet academician to apply for an exit visa asks: "Where is daddy?" A mother asks:· August 17, 1972 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 29015

"How is my son?" A wife asks: "Is my tian life: a fortiori, of the priesthood. How NATIONAL CONGRESS ON THE WoRD OF Gon does one explain the apparent conflict of (By Robert M. Donihi) husband alive or dead?" emphasis? Communist North Vietnam is sadisti­ In order to clarify a.nd defend the state­ "Everyone who calls on the name of the cally practicing spiritual and mental ments on preaching and at the same time Lord will be saved." But how shall they call genocide on over 1,757 American prison­ to avoid erroneous conclusions .and incor­ on him in whom they have not believed? ers of war and their families. rect pastoral applications, a distinction is And how can they believe unless they have How long? necessary. The Eucharist enjoys the pri­ heard of him? And how can they hear unless macy of excellence and therefore it traris­ there is someone to preach? And how can cends all other priestly ministries a.nd, in­ men preach unless they are sent? Scripture deed, all the other sacraments. But the says, "How beautiful are the feet of those who announce good news!" But not all have THE NATIONAL CONGRESS ON THE preaching of the Gospel h.as prim81Cy in the work of evangelization, in the apootolate of believed the gospel. Isaiah asks. "Lord, who WORD OF GOD the salva;tion of souls. Thus, when Christ has believed what he has heard from us?" Faith, then, comes through hearing, and g~, ve his apostles their mission, his mandate to them: was that they should preach the what is heard is the word of Christ. (Rom. HON. HUGH L... CAREY Gospel and baptize those who believe. But, 10: 13-17; inspiration for the National OF NEW YORK Paul asks: "How shall they believe if they Congress). IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES do not have the Gospel preached to them?" When was the last time you preached a The preaching of the Gospel, therefore, sermon that changed your life? Or when Thursday, August 17, 1972 has the primacy in the priestly apostolate­ was the last time you preached a sermon that Mr. CAREY of New York. Mr. Speak­ preaching unto faith, faith unto baptism, changed the lives of others? and baptism :unto reception of the Eu­ The National Congress on the Word of er a "National Congress on the Word God believes the lives of both of us-you or' God" will be held at the National charist. The Eucharist is the summit or goal to which evangelization leads; it ca.n then as a priest and myself as a layman-should Shrine of the InUnaculate Conception, become the source from which the priest be changed for the better by your sermons. Washington, D.C., September 5 to 7, in­ fashions ,and directs the Christian com­ The Puritans are credited with the say­ clusive. Hosts for this far reaching effort munity. It is not, however, the source of ing: "Brown bread and the Gospel is good for a renewal in Gospel preaching are unity of faith as some modern ecumenists fare" (Matthew Henry, 1662-1714). To me, would have us think. Faith derives from a former Southern Baptist, that saying still the U.S. Catholic Conference, the Na­ has the ring of "Gospel-truth." Simply tional Conference of Catholic Bishops the hearing of the good news of the Gospel as proclaimed by the preacher; thEm comes speaking, the Baptists believe that there is and, in particular, the Archbishop of something about the truth-in this case the Washington, Patrick Cardinal O'Boyle, baptism, as Christ taught; and then comes the invitation to the table of the Eucharist. word of God-which rings true to those who D.D. The sad fact is that today, as yesterday, seek truth. God spoke, man recorded, but People of all. faiths are invi·ted, a:nd there are still far too many priests who do (and here's the rub) too many men mis­ several Protestant dignataries will par­ not preach the Gospel. Even some who preach, interpreted. The result: chaos. ticipate as leaders in the concurrent are not preaching the Gospel. Some of them For Protestant and Catholic alike, the cur­ conferences on va.rious aspects of bring­ are the most vocal in attacking what they rent crisis of faith was predictable, consid­ call the Trindentine concept of a cultic priest, ering the nature of man himself. Each of us ing the Word of God more fruitfully to is tempted to prefer his own personal theol­ all peoples. In these times it is en­ but what they opt for is not a preacher of the Gospel; they seem to want the contem­ ogy, all of which makes for a great many couraging that our people are giving evi­ porary priest to be a composite of social conflicting opinions in every pew. dence of a growing desire to study, pro­ worker, militant demonstrator against soci­ But now, thanks be to God, a renewal in claim, pursue &.nd live what God's Word ety's evils, and charismatic leader. Now, there Gospel preaching approaches. All "who pro­ instructs through the sacred Scriptures. fess belief in Jesus Christ" are summoned have been priests-and even saints-in the to bear united witness to the power of the People of every faith, or of none, and Church who were one or all of these things, word of God against the crisis of faith at the but they always acted within the context of particularly clergymen and young peo­ National Congress on the Word of God, Sep­ ple are urged to take advantage of this Gospel teaching and with an uncanny abil­ tember 5 to 7 at the National Shl'ine of the end-of-summer opportunity to attend ity to discern the spirit by which they were Immaculate Conception in Washington un­ one of the significant religious events of led. der the sponsorship of the Catholic Univer­ Here we are touching on a nerve in the sity of America. One strongly feels that it 1972. crisis of priestly ministry. We should bless I include the editorial from the cur­ will be one of those occasional moments in the day that priests began to speak out and human history when the People of God reso­ rent July-August issue of the Priest to 81Ct against the moral evils of modern so­ lutely and joyfully turn their faces away magazine, and the lead article to which ciety. We should emulate those ded-icated from the darkness toward the light. it refers, "Faith Comes Through Hear­ priests who are sincerely trying to adapt The National Congress on the Word of God ing, National Congress on the Word of their preaching of the Gospel to topics and is peculiarly the province of pastors and all God," by Robert M. Donihi, in the REc­ problems that preoccupy the minds and priests. It is the direct outgrowth of the In­ hearts of their parishoners. But there is such stitute for Pastoral Communication and Li­ ORD. Mr. Donihi, an attorney of Upper a thin line between preaching the Gospel in Marlboro, Md., and former director of turgical Celebration, established rut Catho­ this way and letting oneself be so over­ lic University in 1970 as a year-round opera­ the U.S. Catholic Conference Office of whelmed by the difficulties and evils of mod­ tion aimed a.t making each sermon of the Public Information, and Editor Jordan ern society that one's preaching becomes preacher so significant and each celebration Aumann, O.P., speak for the magazine pulpit-thumping harangue that does nothing of the liturgy so vivid that they can serve as to recall the clergy to a renewal of but reveal the frustration and anger of the vehicles for the grace of God to change the Gospel preaching. pre81Cher. Most of our people know the prob­ lives of those who hear him; to reestablish lems as well or better than we do, and per­ that tradition of the Church which recog­ The material follows: haps there are some who could come forth PRIMARY PRIESTLY APOSTOLATE nizes preaching as the principal work of the with better possible solutions. But what they Church and its priests, especially during the (By Jordan Aumann, O.P.) want to hear from the preacher of the Gos­ celebration of the Eucharist. It is likely that a large number of priests, pel is an application of Christ's teaching Patrick Cardinal O'Boyle, the host bishop e&pecia.lly those ordained many years ago, both to their own lives and the life of society and chancellor of Catholic University, states were puzzled and somewhat shocked to read at large. They may be willing to listen to a in his invitation to "brother bishops, fellow in the Decree on the Ministry and Life of priest's views on social problems in a dis­ priests, pastors of souls and all those who Priests that "priests, as co-workers with cussion group or social gathering; they may profess belief in Jesus Christ" that "the Na­ their bishops, have as their primary duty the listen attentively to a priest's philosophical tional Congress on the Word of God will give proclamation of the Gospel of God to all" or theological opinions; but when that priest us, the People of God, the opportunity to (no. 4) a.nd in Pope Paul's Ecclesiam Suam is in the pulpit as proclaimer of the Gospel, make a great hope-filled affirmation that that "preaching is the primary apostolate." they expect to hear him speak not in his own God's word begets, strengthens and renews Some priests may even have interpreted name, but in the name of Christ and the Christian faith when it is proclaimed by en­ these statements as an implicit downgrad­ Church. lightened, convinced and holy preachers of ing of the priestly ministry of the sacra­ It is practically overwhelming to think of his Church." ments and, in particular, of the ministry of the conversion and renewal that would occur As a layman, I often listen to the sermons the Eucharist. if all our priests throughout the United States of the clergy, and markedly less often it Did not the Council of Trent, following would commit themselves unswervingly to seems of late, to the words of the Gospel. the medieval theologians, expressly define preach the Gospel faithfully at all the Sun­ Sometimes I have been filled with thanks­ the catholic priesthood in terms of the Eu­ day Masses. And if you tend to doubt this, giving a.nd a quickening of the spirit; and charist .and the Mass? And even Vatican then_ just remember what the Twelve accom­ sometimes with disn1ay. In. that, I was clearly Council II stated that the Eucharist is at plished by preaching the Good News untfl not alone. once the source and the summit of the Chris- repentance and conversion. Pope Paul speaks often, and always with • 29016 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS August 17, 1972 pain, of the current crisis of faith. Both re­ his worshippers. It enables the People of God In addition to concurrent conferences on ligious and laymen today often feel them­ to perceive the mystery which the liturgy a variety of topics related to preaching, the selves uprooted, and even that doughtily-if makes present and it thereby takes its place National Congress will also feature the fol­ silently-Protestant publication, The Read­ with Scripture, the Church and the sacra~ lowing as homilists at the Eucharistic liturgy er's Digest, has become so exercised by recent ments as part of the unfolding of the plan or as principal speakers during the day of trends in religion a-s to devote major articles of God for the salvation of men. the Congress; Archbishop Timothy Manning in three of its more recent issues to the aber­ As integral to the liturgy, the li-turgical of Los Angeles; Archbishop Fulton J. Sheen; rations a.ud changes from the old-time re­ sermon also partakes of its characteristics. H, Father Barnabas Ahern, C.P.; Father Eugene ligion within the World Council of Churches. too, is an exercise of the priestly activity of Maly of Cincinnati; and Bishop John Quinn Meanwhile, seminary professors report that Christ and is both an act of worship and of Oklahoma City. the young clerics seemed to be turned off by sanctification of men. Preaching within the The crisis of faith is not simply an aca­ theol~ical hair-splitting but turned on by liturgy follows from the very nature of the demic problem that can be resolved by en­ scriptural studies of the word of God. Church as the image of Christ, who both lightened discussion. It is a way of life that In its Decree on the Ministry and Life of reveals and makes holy, preaches and re~ has been revealed. It is no longer a. world or Priests, Vatican II states: "The People of God deems. a Church in which the preacher can assume finds its unity first of all through the word (I apologize for parts of this article whj_~h belief in the revealed Jesus; rather, it is his of the living God, which is quite properly are outside the authoritative competence of sacred task to beget that belief through his sought from the lips of priests. Since no a layman and may well sound too dogmatic. proclamation of the Gospel to all. one can be saved who has not first believed, The extent to which the sermon has been It is the purpose of the National Con­ ·· priests, as coworkers wilth their bishops, have diverted from Scripture has been somewhat gress to give members of the hierarchy, lead­ as their primary duty the proclamation of the trying to me, to put it mildly. Recently I ing theologians, Scripture scholars, religious Gospel of God to all. In this way they fulfill witnessed the concelebration of the liturgy educators and all the people of God an op­ the Lord's command: 'Go into the whole of the Eucharist for a national Catholic or­ portunity to come together to witness the world and preach the gospel to every crea­ ganization composed primarily of priests, power of the Word of God to resolve the crisis ture' (Mark 16:15). Thus they establish and religious women and brothers, none of whom of faith. The Congress itself will be an act build up the People of God" (n. 4). voiced protest over the movie and soundtrack of celebration in which those participating in In Ecclesiam Suam, Pope Paul writes: disturbances deliberately thrusting audio­ the various liturgical ceremonies will pro­ "Preaching is the primary apostolate. Our viusal shock into the congregaton composed claim that the preaching of the word is the apostolate, Venerable Brothers, is above all of more than a thousand persons. The film primary source for priestly formation, liturgi­ the ministry of the word of God. We know and sound were used to accent the homily cal renewal and religious education. this very well, but it seems good to remind on the theology of liberation. Though I re­ If on a national level a resurgence of in­ ourselves of it now, so as to direct our pas­ ceived the--Eucharist at this Mass, I did so terest and enthusiasm can be generated toral activities aright. We must go back to w

SENATE-Friday, August 18, 1972

The Senate met at 10 a.m. and was temporal. Lead us 1n paths of righteous­ fornia, to perform the duties of the Chair called to order by Hon. JOHN V. TUNNEY, ness for Thy name's sake and bring us at during my absence. a Senator from the State of California. last to the haven of Thy peace. JAMES 0. EASTLAND, We pray in that name which is above President P_ro tempore. PRAYER every name. Amen. · Mr. TUNNEY thereupon took the chair The Chaplain, the Reverend Edward as Acting President pro tempore. L. R. Elson, D.D., offered the following prayer: APPOINTMENT OF ACTING PRESI­ DENT PRO TEMPORE 0 God of this day and of all history, THE JOURNAL come to us in this quiet of the morning The PRESIDING OFFICER. The clerk will please read a communication to the Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I ask hour with a fresh awareness of Thy pres­ unanimous consent that the reading of ence. Guide us through the 1uties of this Senate from the President pro . tempore (Mr. EASTLAND) • the Journal of the proceedings of Thurs­ day with joyous hearts and confident day, August 17, 1972, be dispensed with. spirits. Be ever amongst us as the unseen The assistant legislative clerk read the folloWing letter: The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem­ reality to guide, strengthen, and uplift all pore. Without objection, it is so ordered . . who serve in this place. Be with us when U.S. SENATE, PRESIDENT PRO TEMPORE, we separate. Give journeying mercies to Washington, D.C., August 18, 1972. al: who travel. Out of the coming con­ To the Senate: EXECUTIVE SESSION tests forge a new and better nation where Being temporarily absent from the Senate the things that are unseen and eternal on official duties, I appoint Hon. JOHN v. Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I ask transcend the things which are seen and TUNNEY, a Senator from the State of Cali- unanimous consent that the Senate go