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THE COLOR COMPUTER MONTHLY MAGAZINE September 1992 vo1. x11 No. 2 Canada $4.95 U.S. $3.95 The 6309: A POWERFUL ALTERNATIVE

ost CoCo 3 owners wish there were some way they could alter their machines to make Lhem run faster; while owners of PC POWERBOOST : SPIEED�NG UIP 1fHIE lCO!CO 3 compatibles have for years been buying faster and faster computers, the speed at which the CoCo exe­

cutes programs has remained the same since the CoCo 3 was Chris Burke learnedof the hidden regis­ mdi r e took 8.75 seconds without the introduced. ters. instruclions and modes of the Hitachi patches installed and 5.5 seconds with the 6309 roughly a month before the Chicago p atches - a 40-percent speed increase. In Some OS-9 users and hardware hac kers 1992CoCofest, and it immediately occurred another test in which the CoCo 3 was asked have been so desperate to squeeze addi­ to him that he could use these enha nce­ to read a full megabyte of data from a hard tional performance out of the Color Com­ ments to make OS-9 software (system and drive it took 55.5 seconds without the puter that they've tried various bizarre and applications) e>

Wimhrop, Maine, where there are eighr CoCos in the compuler lab in my classroom. We receive THE RAINBOW and RAINBOW ON DISK each month, and many of the programs you have provided are THE RAINBOW integrated into my math and science courses. Tire CoCos are in constant use by my students. Print#-2 During our st11dy of solving equations in one unknown. I de­ Editor and Publisher cided co challenge some of the stud ems in my Algebra I course by Lawrence C. Falk havin11 them create a proivam to solve equations in severalforms. Managing Editor Cray Augsburg Once they understood how to solve the equations by hand, the Associate Editor Sue Fomby A Promising Education students set about teaching the computer co solve the equations SUbmissionsJReviews Editor electronically through BASIC. Julie Hutchinson It is common knowledge that computers, CoCos included, are The work went slowly at first, but once the students got into the Greg Law Technical Editor widely used in the field of education. But those of us without project, it proceeded quickly. Since many of the students had little Tet:lmlcal AnlstanlS Ed Ellers, children, or whose children have finished their educations, often programming experience,I helped with some ofrhe mechanics of Contributing Edlto11 Tony OiStefano. lose sight of just how important and effectivethe use of computers building a menu-driven program. The result is Equation Solver, Martin Goodman, M.O., Eddie Kuns can be when combined with traditional educational methods. And which the class and/ hope will inspire other algebra students to try ArtDil'8ctor Oebbee Diamond there are several approaches that can be taken tn enhance the their hands at programming. BASIC is alive and well in Mr. Sharon Adams. Nelson Designers Heidi educational process through the use of computers. Teague' s Period I algebra class. Co11111Hlng Edlton Judi Hutthlnson, The most common strate gy used today is the drill program, a Keep those great programs coming. We lookfonvard to explor­ Laurie 0. Falk program with which students are quizzed by the computer. Work­ ing the disk each month. ing much like flash cards, such programs are useful for teaching everything from simple math and spelling to anatomy and chem­ Sincerely yours, istry. Another tactic is to first teach the given subject through tradi­ Mr. Bob Teague and students: Falsott, Inc. tional methods. Then afterthe students have a basic understanding of the subject, the computer is used to present concrete examples Jaime Clark DarcyDunn (proof) of the material learned. This approach is used by Louis Dana Fales EthanFoyt Lawrence C. Fa k Pr11id1nt l Toscano in"The ElectronicBlackboard" (THE RAINBOW,e S ptem­ Levi Huntley Marty Matthews ber 1987, Page 106). As he explains in that article, Mr.Toscano Crystal Pendexter Lynn Scribner Gen111l MHIDll Peggy LowryDa niels first introduces the concepts of calculus, then uses the CoCo to Barbie William.< Eric Weber Ant. Glnt11I Mgr. tor Finance show the students how the graphs and equations relate in physical FrankFitzgerald Veronica Guimont Donna Shuck terms. Amy Phillips Mike Murphy Admln. Ant.to tht l'Ubllsher A third approach is to teach the material in a traditional manner, Amy Bryant Ethan Savage Ellen Patterson then let the students actually use what they have learned in a Jess Shepard Editorial Dll'Bctor John Crawley physical way. While it seems this method is used less frequently Dil'IClor DI Crtltln Services than the other two I've mentioned, it can be highly effectives ince O'Neil Arnold the students are given some way to mentally basethe material - Enclosed with the letter was a disk comaining the result of Mr. Booldleeper/D11terAccounta they are given a tangible use for the material, reinforcing their Teague's class's efforts, which I amprinting here foryour useand BeverlyQuick learning efforts. This approach has been used by Bob Teague, a educational benefit. Ant. Oe1. Manager For Administration RAINBOWreader. We recently received the following letter from I think the students in Mr. Teague ' s class deserve, at the very TimWhelan Mr.Tea gue and his algebra class: least, a big pat on the back, as doesMr. Teague. Theircreation, after Cof'811111 BalnenTe cllnlcal Director all, is the very meaning of education. Calvin Shields Dear Sir: Customer Service Man1gar I teach mathematics and science at Winrhrop High School in - Lonnie Falk Beverly Bearden Cblel ol Printing Services Melba Smith 16K ECB Business Anilllnt Shannon Yoffe • Chief ot Building security and Maintenance 'fhe Listing: EQUATION 330 I NPUT"ENTER A"; A 540 !NPUT"ENTER A";A Lawrence Johnson 340 I NPUT"ENTER C"; C 550 INPUT"ENTER C" :C 350 X-C/A 560 LET X-A*C Adwrtlsina 1 'EQUATION SOLVER LET Anlmnt 2 360 PRINT:PRINT A;"X -":C:PRINT 570 PRINT:PR!NT"X /":A;"-":C:PR! Carolyn Fenwick 3 'COPYRIGHT (Cl 1992 370 PRINT"VALUE OF X IS ";X NT Western Sales Director 4 'BY FALSOFT, I NC. 380 PRINT:PRINT"ENTER TO CONTINU 580 PRINT"VALUE OF X IS ";X Ira Barsky 5 'RAINBOW MAGAZINE E" 590 PRINT: PRINT"ENTER TO CONTINU (312)587-1818 10 REM EQUATION SOLVING PROGRAM 390 INPUT C$: IF C$-"" THEN RETUR E" 20 ALGEBRA CLASS N 600 INPUT THEN RETUR Eastern Salea Director REM BY PERIOD 1 CS: IF CS-"" ANO MR. BOB TEAGUE 400 REM AX+B-C TYPE SOLUTION N KirnLewis 30 CLS 410 CLS:PRINT:PR!NT''AX+B-C SOLUT 610 REM AX/B-C TYPE SOLUTION (502)228-4492 40 PRINT"EQUASOLV ...... EQUATI ION" 620 CLS: PR! NT: PRINT"AX/B-C SOLUT ON SOLVER" 420 PRINT ION" 50 PRINT" M E N U" 430 INPUT"ENTER A" ;A 630 PRINT 60 PRINT 440 INPUT"ENTER B":B 640 INPUT"ENTER A" ;A FoT RAINBOW Advertising 1� 70 PRINT" CHOOSE FORM:": PRIN 450 INPUT"ENTER C" :C 650 INPUT"ENTER B"; B Marketing ()fflce Information, T 460 LET x-cC-B)/A 660 INPUT"ENTER C";C -Pllge23. 80 PRINT" (1) X+B-C" 470 PRINT:PRINT A:"X +":B:"-":C: 670 LET X-CB*Cl/A 90 PRINT" (2) AX-C" PRINT 680 PRINT:PRINT A;"X /";B:"-";C: 100 PRINT" (3) AX+B-<:" 4B0 PRINT"VALUE OF X IS ":X PRINT 110 PRINT" (4) X/ A-C" 490 PRINT: PRINT"ENTER TO CONTI NU 690 PRINT"VALUE OF X IS ";X 120 PR! NT" (5) AX/Boo{;" E" 700 PRINT:PRINT"ENTER TO CONTINU 130 PRINT" (6) EX IT PROGRAM 500 INPUT C$: IF C$-"" THEN RETUR E" N 710 INPUT CS:IF CS-"" THEN RETUR 140 PRINT 510 REM X/A-C TYPE SOLUTION N 150 PRINT" ENTER CHOICE C 1-6 520 CLS:PRINT:PRINT"X/A-C SOLUTI 720 CLS:ENO )" ON" 160 INPUT C 530 PRINT 170 IF C6 THEN 150 180 ON C GOSUB 200.300,400,510.6 10' 720 Now, I'm investingin most of your ad­ 190 RUN vertisers to upgrade my computer to its full 200 REM X+B-C TYPE SOLUTION potential. over and watched 210 CLS:PRINT;PR!NT"X+B-C SOLUTI A friendcame ON" me put the CoCo through some of its paces. 220 PRINT He was impressed with its performance 230 INPUT" ENTER B"; B and color graphics (and he owns a 386- 240 INPUT"ENTER C";C based PC). 250 LET x-c-B 260 PRINT:PRINT"X +";B;"-":C:PRI Back on Track I had almost forgotten the fun of writing NT Editor: my own programs - the sense of accom­ 270 PRINT"VALUE OF X IS ":X I just started my subscription to TllE p lishment andsatisfaction from designing 280 PRINT:PRINT"ENTER TO CONTINU RAINBOW and am thrilledt o see a magazine and debugging. I hope in the not-too-dis­ E" 290 INPUT CS: IF C$_ .... THEN RETUR devoted to the Color Computer. After hav­ tant-future to submit short "fun" programs N ing my PCst olen, I wasn't ready to invest a for RAINBOWreaders. Until thattime, your 300 REM AX-C TYPE SOLUTION major amount of money into another, then publication helps me in my search for all 310 CLS:PRINT:PRINT"AX-C SOLUTIO buy all the software again. So I took my the tools and accessories available for my N" CoCo 3 out of mothballs.p lugged in several CoCo 3. Thank you for a fine monthly 320 PRINT prngramsand rediscovered the CoComagic. publication and a doub le kudos to your THE RAINBOW September 1992 3 readers and advertisersfor kee ping the CoCo ful. Besides, I am already familiar with OS- discovered something of interest: Interbank The> /p string tells OS-9 to send the output alive. 9 because I have used it on my CoCo. Incident and Mickey's Space Adventure will of this command to the printer. CJ. Ryan In his May column, Lonnie said the main work on a hard drive under OS-9Level11if I hopethis information is useful to those ST 3, USCGC Gallatin reason the new computers will not serveu s you use al.evellbootdisk. lt is really handy readers who are still learning how much Governors Island well in the future is because of the lack of not to have to flip through all those disks! power they have with OS-9 on their CoCo. New York. NY 10004 software. From what I have read in THE Finally, why do some of my games that Euf(ene Wilkinson, Jr. RAINBOW, the CoCo was in a similar posi­ use anifacted colors display the color green 230 Northway Park Road. Apt. #7 Needs a CoCo 3 Replacement tion when it was introduced 12 years ago. instead of red (when I pressFl-Reset)?ls a Machesney Park, IL 61 I I I Editor: There were only a few ROM Paks from chip frying out on me? This began happen­ We have four dilierenttypes o f comput­ Radio Shack and nothing more. It was the ing only a month or so ago. My system Dynacalc sans Linefeed ers in our household (Apple, Atari, TI and suppon and dedication of the CoCo Com­ includes a 512K CoCo 3, an MPI (not Editor: CoCo), and the Coco is my favorite. Now munity that made the CoCo the great ma­ upgraded), a Magnavox SCM-515, two Thanks for providing the patch to Dy- my CoCo 3 is on the fritz, and I want chine it is today. DSDD 5'A-inch drives and a 10-Meg hard 11acalc for eliminating the extra linefeed another one. If one of your readers has a If we give this same suppon and dedica­ drive. (May 1992, Page 2). Is there also a patch CoCo 3 he wouldn't mind parting with, I'd tion to the companies and programmers Jeffrey Hess that would allow me to use the High Reso­ really appreciate hearing from him. developing software for the new machines, 1305 Lawe Street-Lower lution Joystick Interface from Tandy? Jason Sikes we will make the new computers as good as Green Bay, Wl 54301 John French 6209 NE 96th A venue the CoCo, with the same variety ins oftware 1619 Court Street Vancouver, WA 98662 and hardware. And the CoCo Community We' re 1wt quite sure where the prohlem Redding, CA 96001 will continue to exist for many years to is, but our first suggestion is that you play Thanks for Scratching Our Backs come, with THERAINBOW right there with with the Color and Hue controls on the Editor: us. Thank you for Jelling me express my Magnavox monitor. It is very easy to get Having worked in retail bookstore op­ opinion. some "unusual" color combinations ifthese erations and purchasing for a number of Luis Tanon Garcia controls are little out of adj,,stment. years, I know the costs and problems in­ P.O. Box475 volved in dealing with dealers and whole­ Naranjito, PR 00719 Looking forContinued Support salers, all in the name of "distribution.'' I Editor: have watched each month the shrinking Adventurer Needs Help Last December I received a CoCo 3. I size of THE RAINBOW, the format changes, Editor: was so pleased with its performance that I the shrinking size of the advertising base, Help! How do I get that stupid parrot to upgraded it to 512K. My shock came when the letters and readers becoming more criti­ eat the birdseed on the string in the game I learned that this excellent machine has cal (and no doubt, loss of subscriptions), Caladuril, Flame of Light? Anyone who been discontinued by Tandy. and the smaller size of articles and pro­ can help, please write to me. I need your help in finding materials grams. The general public does not realize Johnnie Hirst (software, hardware, etc.) that will work what it takes to get a publication in print or P.O. Box 2092 with this system. 1 have been looking the money and time involved in gelling it to Beeville, TX78104 through my copies of THE RAINBOW and the reader. tried to contact the various merchants I We are a dying breed out here, and you Do Unto Others .. , dealt with for my CoCo 1. The majority of are our only stable contact. With everyone Editor: my leuers are either returned or I arnreceiv­ so quick to bail out on us, you seem to be At first I didn't care for the new format iog responses that the companies are out of trying to do anything and everything pos­ of THE RAINBOW, and I seriously thought business. Would you please let me know sible to continue your suppon to us. People about nm resubscribing. But after having who I can contact that is still offering serv­ area lways very quick to criticize when they the chance to get used to the new format, I ices for this system. do not like something, but are not always so like it. As other readers have pointed out, it John Maes quick to help. These people need to be is easier Lo read withoutthe glare from the 1789 Terrace Heights Lane encouraged to suppon you more with sug­ glossy pages. The ads are larger, and I find Reno, NV89523 gestions, submissions and involvement with it much easier to handle while I read it. the only lifeline fortheir CoCos. They need Other people have valid points too, re­ As you have formd, many past advertis­ to supportthe advertisers more, or they too garding the bulkiness and the awkwardness ers and vendors of CoCo products are 110 will be gone- and subscriptions alone do of storing THE RAINBOW. But people must longer in business. This unfortunate situ­ not pay the bills. This is a readers' publica­ realize that with time comes changes, and ation is what makescommunication through tion, and only by their input will it continue we must adapt to those changes. such sources as THERAINBOW and De/phi so to be so. Sometimes I get tired of reading letters important-there are many orhers our here After years of newsstand purchasing, I in which people "cry" because of the new who might be able to help. You should be have finally subscribed. I also purchased a format or the reduced size. I wish these able to co/llact any current advertiser, and number ofb ack issues- within two weeks people would ask themselves, "What have users on Delphi maybe able to point you in they were here. l was one issue short, and I done to suppon THE RAINBOW recently? rhe direction of vendors who don't adver· with a quick call to your 800 number I was Have I submitted an article? Do I supp ort tise in THE RAINBOW. assured it would be on its way without the advertisers?" delay. Please compliment your staffon the Come on, people, get "�th it. If we lose Stop the Presses service they provided. our RAINBOW, we have nothing. Do your Editor: For what it is worth, you have my sup­ part. Supportany way you can. All we need Thankyou for the information, programs pon and dollars as long as you need them. to do is stick together to keep the CoCo and general assistance your magazine has With my subscription, you pledged to sup­ Community together. As John F. Kennedy provided me over the last 10 years. Al­ JlIp new 68000-based computers. I have used as a floppy-based program). MS-DOS, and I think OS-9 is more power- With all the timeI 've spenton this. I also where lb is Hex for 27 and e is Hex for 14. 4 September 1992 THE RAINBOW

Feature Program very useful for converting numbers from Steve Ricketts is a mainframP tompurer bexadecimal to decimal. Simply reverse operator for a firm in the Porila!ld area. the proce s. For example, starting with Steve's grearestCoCo in1erests are graph­ $J2C. you wo11ld look up the decimal ii:sand telecommunicaiions, and he isnow equivalents in the appropriate columns for beginning ro delve into rite world of OS-9. To Hex With Decimal each of the These numbers, in He his wifeDebbie are the proud par­ bile working with the Color Com­ example. rhe number on the chart wou Id be Hex digits. and the position, are 256, 32 and 12. ents of three daughters. He can be con­ W puter, I often need to convert nwn­ 45,056, which appearsi n Column 4 and has correct cte Box Fairview, OR bersfrom the decimal (base 10) numbering the Hex digit$8 to its left. Now subtract the Now add the numbers together lo gel the ta d at P_o_ 1048, final result, decimal 300. 97024. Please i cl1Ede an .SASE wlren re­ system to hexadecimal (base 16). In the decimal numberon the chart fromthe origi­ n questing a rq,ly. direct mode under Disk BASlC, this is easy nal number. In this case, the difference is to do using PRINT HEXHxxrl. However, 46,253-45,056, or l 197. Again refer to the while a program is running, converting chart, this time looking for the highest ------numbers isn't so simple a task. And now number that is equal to or less than this ------that I also use OS-9, it is even more of a difference. The decimal value I 024 in ! Decimal to Hex Conversion Help Chart ! ------·------·---·-- bother. I wroteHexChartto end the frustra­ Column 3 fits this, and the Hex digit to its ! - - · ! ·--·------·-··------·------·-··---! tion. left is $4. ! Hex Chart is a short IIASlCprogram that Again subtracting the chart number from ! 0 0 ! 0 0 ! 0 0 ! 0 0 ! 0 0 - prints a handy decimal/Hex conversion chart the numberwe are converting ( 1197 1024), ! 1 65536 ! 1 4096 ! 1 256 ! 1 16 ! 1 1 on paper. Though you may still need a we find a difference of l 73. Going to the ! 2 131072 2 8192 ! 2 512 ! 2 32 ! 2 2 penciland paper for some simple math, the chan, we find the highest number equal or ! 3 196608 3 12288 ! 3 768 ! 3 48 ! 3 3 printed chart facilitates conversions. Hex less than I Bis 160 in Column 2, giving us ! 4 262144 4 16384 ! 4 1024 ! 4 64 ! 4 4 - Charr requires J 6K and Extended BASlC, aHexdigitof$A. Thefinaldifference, 1 73 ! 5 327680 5 20480 ! 5 1280 ! 5 80 ! 5 5 and the program is designed to work with 160, is 13. This number is in Column I and ! 6 393216 6 24576 ! 6 1536 ! 6 96 ! 6 6 any standard printer. Ifyou have a CoCo 3 correlates to the Hex digit $D. So rhe deci­ ! 7 458752 7 28672 ! 7 1792 ! 7 112 ! 7 7 and want Hex Chart to print to the screen mal number46.254 is the same as $B4AD. ! 8 524288 8 32768 ! B 2048 ! B 128 ! 8 B - instead, change all PRINTl/ 2, statements Note that the columns from which we ! 9 589824 9 36864 ! 9 2304 ! 9 144 ! 9 9 to PRINT and set the screen width to 80 take our hexadecimal digits direc tly repre­ ! A 655360 A 40960 ! A 2560 ! A 160 ! A 10 columns. [Editor's Note: While you ca11 sents the position of the digit in the con­ ! B 720896 B 45056 ! B 2816 ! B 176 ! B 11 change Hex Chart ro prinr to the scree11, a verted number. When convertinga number ! c 786432 c 49152 ! c 3072 ! c 192 ! c 12 more efficiem approach would be to run a that exactlymatches one in Column 2, 3, 4 ! 0 851968 ! 0 53248 ! 0 3328 ! 0 208 ! D 13 ! stand-alone conversion program such as or 5 on the chart, don't forget to add the ! [ 917504 ! E 57344 ! E 3584 ! [ 224 ! E 14 ! prese111ed in "Base Conversions" (July significant zeroes. For example, in conven­ ! F 983040 ! F 61440 ! F 3840 ! F 240 ! F 15 ------·--·------·------! 1992, PogP 4) by George Quellhorsr.] ing 32,768 fromdecimal to Hex, you 'll find ! ! Now let's look at how to use the printed this numberin Column 4 with a Hex digit of ! (Hex Pos 5)(Hex Pos 4)( Hex Pos 3)(11ex Pos 2 )(Hex Pos 1 ! ------chart (see Figure I) to convert nwnbers.As $8. After subtraction, we are leftwith zero. ------an example, we' U convert the decimal So you need to put three zeroes (for col ­ number 46,253 to hexadecimal. First. find umns 3, 2 and I) after the $8, giving a final Figure 1: PrintedConvers ion Chart on the chart the highestnumber that is equal convened value of $8000. to or less than the original number. In our The chart printed by Hex Chart is also

Feature_ Program The Listing: HEXCHART 1 'DECIMi\L/HEX HELP CHART 2 'BY STEVE RICKETTS 3 'COPYRIGHT CC) 1992 4 'BY FALSOFT, lNC. 5 'RAINBOW MAGAZINE 100 PRINTll-2," ";STR!NGSC54,"-"l 110 PRINTll-2. "! Decimal to Hex Conversion Help Chart !" 120 PRINTll·2,"!":STRING$C54,"-"l ;"! " : Hl-65536 :H2-4096: H3-256: H4- 16: H5-1 140 PRINTll-2,"!";STRJNG$C54,"-") :"!" 150 PRINTl/-2,"I"; cramble is a guessing gan1e designed Trevor Boehm is a tenth-grade studeiit WO l-CHRI (AC): NEXT 160 FOR L-0 TO 15 for any CoCo with at leas! l 6K and S whose 11r¢atest passion is 70 SC$-W0$(1)+W0$(2)+WD$C3):GG-1 170 FOR C-1 TO 5 Extended e chaUen1p·ng RASK:. lt is the firs! game I wrot w I 180 PRINTll-2," ":HEX$(L): c(Jmp.ufer�' ith 1ww prograrr)S. He has 80 CLS: PR NT"GU ESS"; GG: I NPUTGGI: for the CoCo, and dcspirc its simplicity, is GG-GG+l 190 C-1 THEN PD-l*Hl ELSE IF p9r1icipated in sev�ral · IF scienci:.fairs (lfljj 90 !FGG$-SC$THENGOT0150 C-2 THEN PD-L*H2 ELSE lF C-3 THE actually quite enjoyable. hiisreceived >iumermls awards/orh(s 1vo;�. 100 GP$(1)-LcH$(GGl.1J:GPSC2l-M N PD-L*H3 ELSE lFC-� THEN PD-L*H Vihen you rm1 Scramble. the computer H� ca11 I><; cont<1i;�e4qt }7'lnwmxk(;res., JDICGGI. 2. l): GP$C3l-RIGHTSCGG$, l 4 ELSE IFC-5 THEN PO-L*H5 picks string of three letters. The object of a Wii11tipeg,.ft>1B: �WJt\2, 13,lease. ) 200 PS-LENCSTR$(PD))-l the game is to guess the sequence the 210 PRlNTl/-2, STRlNGS(6·PS," "): i11c/ifdea 1;SA,SE when j:ep1-,; '.'' 110 IFGPSCU-WDSCUTHENRS!Cll-"X PD:"!": computer has picked. Make your guess by "ELSE! FGPS Cl >-WDIC 2lTH ENRSIC I )-" @"ELS FGPS( lJ-WDSC TH ENRSI l­ IF NT( )THENPRINTll-2. typing three letters and pressing ENTER. El 3) ( 1 220 C/5-1 C/5 "@" ELSERSl Cl)-"*" '"':JFL-15 AND C-5 THEN 240 ELSEP computer then compares your guess to The 120 [ FG PS ( 2 )-WD $C 2 >THEN RSS ( 2)- "X -2,"!": e s RINTll th three-letter tring it picked and tells you SCRAMBLE "CLSEJ FGPS ( 2 )-WOS lTHENRSI( 2 )-" 230 NEXTC: N EXTL The Listing: (! how your guess is. II does this by @"ELS El FGP$ ( 2 l-WD$C 3) TH ENRSS ( 2 240 PRINTl/-2."!":STRING$(54,"-") close )­ s 1 'SCRAMBLE "@" ELSERSS( 2l-"*" • "I" priming a String consisting of X' ,@'s and . 2 BY TREVOR BOEHM 130 !FGP$(3)-WU$C3)THENRS$(3)-"X PRINTll-2."l(Hex Pos 5)(Hex P *'s. An X indicates the leuer you guessed 2s0 3 'COPYRIGHT (Cl 1992 l s "ELSE I FGP$( 3 l-WOS ( lTHENRSIC 3 )-" os 4 l (Hex Pos 3 )(Hex Pos 2)(Hex for that po ition is correct and in the right 4 'BY FALSOFT. INC. Pos 1 @"ELS EI FGP$( 3)-WOS( 2 )THENRS$ ( 3)­ ! " position in the computer's scramble. An@ 5 'RAINBOW MAGAZINE "@"ELSERSS ( 3 260 PRINT/i-2," ":STRING$C54,"-") )-"*" means the lettersis in the scramble but in 10 CLS:PLAY "OlLBCOEFG":PRINT" 140 PRINTRSSCU:RSS(2):RS$(3l:FO SCR AMBIF another position, and an * means it is not in RX-1 T01000: NEXT: [ FGG-20THENGOT01 20 PRINT: PRINT"! AH THINKING OF 60ELSEGOT080 the scramble at all. SCRAMBLE OF 3":PRINT"LETTERS. 150 FORA-1T012:PLAYSTRS(A):NEXT: As written, you have 20 attempts at YOU HAVE 20 GUESSES TO SOLVE HY PRINT"CORRECT I ! ! ": FORA-1T0100 guessing the computer's scramble. This SCRAMBLE. AFTER EACllOr YOUR GUE 0:NEXT:RUN - number is set by the statement l F GG-20 in SSES l WI LL TELL YOU HOW WELL YO 160 FORX-0T02: FORY-12T01STEP 1:P U DID BY PRINTING A SET OF *'S, Line 140. You can change the number of LAYSTR$CY): NEXT: NEXT: PR!NT"YOU'V X'S, & @'S. X'S MEANTHAT A LETT o E RAN OUT OF GUESSES I ! ! ": FORX guesses all wed by changing 20 to another ER IS JN THE CORRECT" -1T01000: NEXT:RUN number. Another modification you might 30 PRINT"POSITION AND @'S MEAN T try is to have the program reduce the num­ HAT THE LETTER JS IN THE SCRAMS LE BUT IS INCORRECTLY POSITIONED. ber of guesses allowed after each time you A * JS ABLANK" correctly guess a scramble. Whether or not 40 EXEC44539 you modify the program, I hope you have 50 W-RNDC· TIMER) fun with Scramble. 60 FORWD-1T03: AC-RND(26 )+64 : WO$ ( Proven Te chnoloa�..,,-,,, On the Razor's Edge of the Color Computer Frontier it�(�5 OWLWARE SoftwareBundle Ja ow iolhTar 1 A DltCADlt OF SERVICJt TO Tim COMPUJ'ER USEJll Disk Tutorial/Utilities/Games DISK TUTOR Ver 1.1 Learn how to use your disk drive from 486SX•20 SYSTEMS • $I19S.OO! this multi-lesson, machine language Now You canenter the world of•se compuuaa: at a reuo».able coatl program. This tutor takes you through your lessons and corrc�1s your mistakes drive the OWL •SUPER ATOM 486 for a quick, painless disk introduc­ tutor UlihPowered Computhlll from a local, .... u •tabllalled comp1111y. tion. (This profcs.ionally wrillen b e s total price.) • i ea ily worth the undl ' S3MHz/ 5llMHz 1488 baaed Syotemo with Socket for Weltek Col'rocaaor � i S s • Syolem and Video BIOS In Cache 3 UTILITIES i t • l.uie Tower Caoe : (33MHz,FCC ClaOI BJ • (liOMHz, �'CC Claoo Al Floppy Drive Systems A copy verify, copy, and DOS ut li y. • 230Wall Power Supply A 8 Option Slo .. 2GAMES • Sy•tem Prlce lncluclCll: "60MB HD, 4MB RAM, Std. Reaolution ColorVGA The Highest Quality for Ye ars of Service will select games from our stock. Monllor, Hiab Reoolution VGA Card, 2 Hl11b Denolty FD'., MS DOS 6.0 ,we 2 arc ha Drive 0 Systems (Half Height, Double Sided, hese sold for more t n $20 each. so ware wit'h cheap $1795 I $2095 I $2695 I $3595 SOLD OUT! Do not mistake this ft 486SX-10 /SA 486DX-33 /SA 486DX-50 /SA 486DX-50 F.JSA � '"Public Domain" software which others WE NEED CONTROLLERS! o e s copyrighled • 105MB HD Upgr•de � ff r. All of this software i r Add $160.00 3- YEAR W TY lncludu15 0n� t'"ll Y.:•r 0n P.1 l• unJ L.U." IF YOU HAVE CONTROLLERS, CALL USI and professional in quality. The tuto is 502 wilh us and h as h l e d • Super VGA Upgrade unique e p all systems! Ma""racllm:a Hair Warranty on J\11 ll•rd new n Add $95.00 OD Driv"" I housands of users lear their disk (Half Height, Double Sided, Drive 1 Systems drive. only $27.95 Direct Drives) $1 15, (or even better} • 26/40.MlhS86DX Baaed • 1&'26.Mlh S86SX Bued only $6.95 with • SmallFootprlnt Ceae • SmaU Footprint Caae New 3.5", 720K Drives for OS-9 with case • FCC Clau B Approved • FCC Clu.a B Approved any Disk Drive Purchase!! • 200 Power Supply • 200 Woll Pow Supply Wall er Power Supply • 7 Ezpamion Slot.a • 7 Ell:pa1Uion Slota & $129. SALE! • 4MBolRAM • 2MB ofRAM Drive 1 Systems have drive, case, power supply. (You may require op­ • 4'-0MDHard Drive • 40MB Hard Drive tional cable and/or DOS chip to use) • Sld. Re•olution VGA • Std. Ruolutlon VGA Color Monitor Color Monitor Special for 0/1 Combos (0, 1,2,3) • $199. $1565/$1645 2 H111b Denolly FD'1 $1295/$1349 • 2W1b Denolty FD'1 2511Bs .OllJls • IOI Keyboard 1611J1s 25Mlla • 101 Keyboard (WITHOUT CONTROLLER) • MS DOS5.0 • MS DOS 5.0 386-SX Notebook Computers 386-DXComoutm Notebook All drives arc new and fully assembled. We ship only FULLY TESTED and :ZOMIU,60MB HO, L4MB FD, 2MB RAM(exp. lo 33MHz, 120MB HD, L44MB FD, 32KB CACH£,. 4MB al 5MB), VGA 640X480 LCD w/32 1h.ldes of gny. Ports: 2 RAM(exp. to 16MB), Std. VGA LCD w/32 gray,ExL CERTIFIED these low prices. We VGA, DOS Windows, 7.7LBSI Keyp•d inc., DOS I< Windows, 7.7LBSI kt5����\��''h{ t«ip:i�uci�tfo��r I:::, Ser, 1Pu, 1 & 9oLit use Fuji, YE Dala, and other line ' brands. s W1.S. $1225. rlrl�l!\�hc;s�)iis. No drives arc u ed or surplus UQ)ti,�idcd unless olhcrwise slate lo you when l��� We option II no COilthe to buye1 excepl fOtshlJ)l)lng Cotti. C'f 5950 Keystone Drive years experience in the CoCo disk our tech numbt'r fewreturn, Return ol non41it-.tiwitot un· »:+ •ulho1i:rltd returns. •r�.�ryeett� �. . seMc.e c.h11r• Bath, PA (215)-837-1917 $119 . drive market! We arc able to provide supporl when you have a prohlcm. Kjds& Us- RadioShqc,k" St Svstem�Onu Computers& Games �f��� i��J. I Drives I Ye ar Wa rranty I l'otlstow� A VI,, RT. 663 Wesco1'ill1 Muhknb•rr Shoppin1 l'lauz 1'1n11Sburg (215)-679-3389 Cal/for AppL (JIS)-481-9775 Rtadint (215)-929..0540 RAINBOW 6 September 1992 THE

Feature Program OS-9 • Listing 1: Count.asm * ** * * ************ ***** '*"**** * * ***** *** ** ** * * ****** * 05-9 Learns to Count • COUNT - (CJ 1987 by STEPHEN 8. GOLDBERG •Use: count [-lwc] (fi l ename ] ( ...] -1 - count 11nes -w - c ount words When writing, it is often important to know ust how -c - count chara cters j no opt1 ons - count al 1 long your creation is. Count is an OS-9 version of the UNIX • 1fpl we utility, which counts the number of lines, words and use ldd/defs/os9defs endc characters in text files. mod 1 en, name , prgrm+obj ct , reent+2, entry , ds 1 z The syntax for Count is: generate the executable Count program_ Those using OS-9 Level I also need to po1nter r11b z parameter pol nter path r11b l f nput pa th number count [-lwcJ [f1 l enamel [ .•.] change all occurrences of /dd to /dO (or totfl ag r11b 1 total fl ag the another appropriate drive) in BASIOl9 opt fans r11b 1 opt1on b1t flag c To use !he program, enter ount followed listing before running it. textend r11b z end of text bl ock by the desired options (if any) and thename 1 f nes rmb 7 11ne count field or path list of the filefor which you want the 1 inesend rmb 9 end of 1 f ne count field words end rmb 9 end of word count fi e 1 d count. As the ellipsis ( ... ) indicates, you can cha rs end rmb 2 end of character count fiel d Stephen Goldberg is a dentist and the enter several filenames or pathlists to count counta 11 rmb 27 totals fields many files ino ne pass. author of the Utilipak series of OS-9 utili­ p rebuf rmb 1 previous last character The options available with Counr are ties. He can be contacted at 695 Plainview buffer rmb 2098 text buffer rmb 200 stack shown in Figure I. You can enter them in Road, Bethpage, NY117 14. Please include rmb 200 parameters h an SASE when requesting a reply. any order, together following a single y­ ds 1 z equ phen (-cw) or separarely using spaces (- c

- w ). If no options are specified. Count de­ Product Review faults to all three - as if you entered -1 we. A Bible Adventure: a text adventurethat lion -correct answers are rewarded with a will take you through many scenes and flashy block-graphicsdisplay. In addirion, Bible Programs and In­ events in the Bible. The program fo llows when an incorrect answer is entered. the -1 count text lines structional Programs: the standard text-adventure format, sup­ progr.uns provide the correct answer, which - w count words poning two-word commands and single­ 1 think is an important pan of the learning - c count characters The Coco Schoolhouse letter directions (tbougb two supponed process. cqmmands not iound in most otber advcn­ Tho'!gh rhey e!lhll.nce the l? esentation " · E Figure 1: Coun� Options Educatiot1al:. software," 9fferings _ have tutti' pro-grams, PRAY and 'sJ!I DY, wilf be of the £•'91$1·a.ms,I s.ometimes fe lt the sound become fairly limited in 'the turreni CoCo helpful). A map and clue sci is available and visual effects were a little overdone. It m11rket, so when one comes along. it is from Sebastian LaSpada forJ3. t>lkes a while for some of them to stop usually picked op quick! y by those who are befor'e };Ou can mov,e 011. I was especially . When Cow11 goes through a text file, a tdoking for this type program. Sebai;tian f!fp-uctiona[ Prqxrams oJfors software annoyed wheu I thought the programs were· line is counted each time the program en­ Laspada's'oewest prodlictsr Rible Programs of a more general educational nature. In­ waitinS: for me to press a key,o. nly to fm d counters a carriage return or linefeed char­ andl11iructionalProgra11is,should prove to cluded are: out they interpreted that keypress as my acter in the file. A word is considered to be beno exception-: Eacn oft he two products is next answer, causing me to miss a few any string of characters that is bracketed by a cohesive package of related- programs Vocabulary: given a bri�j'cdefinition, questioas accigen!lillY· To the· aulhor's; spaces, carriage returns, linefeeds or any d�igned for education. Jnthe case ofBib/e you must select th'ec orrect word from a list credit, this is explained thoroughly in the combination of these. The characters Programs. obviously tlie teaching is 9f a of four. This mulliple-choice�quiz is very manual,. but it is }lard .to get used to in counted by Count are the printable cbarac­ religious natur�. The programs supplied in similar to Reader.s Dig�st's "It Pays to practice".: Perhaps the displays · could be tersonly and do not include sp ces, carriage the two packages work wilh apy CoCo with Enrich Your Word Power·" Includes lOO' shortenc;d, or the author coukl:-1111er dte a · returns or linefeed characters. at least32K. . . , questions. �. . :i'::· · · · prograni$, to ignore any keystrokes ' until The counts for each file specified are +iJiblt Pi1{gF�i ci>rri�·on disJl· 'iita :. ' Mii1hQuiz: presents I 0-qii�tion rounds they arer�uesterts level : sl educatlol\' i\l, · level, ample, if you enter count myfil e, you 'll \'f � c ded tim� tables. fout s in eac]],. needS;· l!J:l o. fi- the user, see something like : � '· area."?' §' increases� With tlle eicepiion ofM11th Quiz i;>� ; .,;;:r ·�:' ;_::: ;.;;::¥j�b;· . " Bible Scriptures: displays a shortverse Himwnyms: display,sa .'Se. ntence with-a'5· and the.two adventures, it is pos�ible to 313 1404 8454 myfile (oc two) from the Bible -ydp must supply blank, which yon mristfillusing: one oftv.:o..""modify tlie' questionta,nd answe1'$}n all of and � dte; �ppropriare book, chap1+1r · Y�J'S!l w�·Jlt'at are ri .ho,mo yms (e:!h dear ana;S the ali .•,r· : misspelled. The program often supplies ·.:: The ·riiaterial presented in these two Bible Questions, Parr l: 'provides 80 clues ,� the correcupelling when the user packages ofeducation;lprograms isappro­ results inthe fo llowing display: multiple-choice. questions of a general na.c cnoose}' an incorrectly spelled word. ,;;'priate for users in an

0 PaymentEnclosed. or .J Charge to: .J VISA tJ Mas1erCard O American Express Accounl NumbB1 Zip ______Card Exp. Date __ Signature ______

UTheRainbow Book of Slmulalions (first) $�-$ 3.50 __ :JThe Third Rainbow Book of Adventures � $ 6 95 Q Rainbow S1mulat1onsTape tflrst) $� $ 3.50 __ :ITh rdAdveniures Tape S---9':9595 .$6 .JFlrst Simulations Package $� $ 6.00 __ ::JTh rd Adventures Disk Ser (2 disks) $..l-4:-95 i 7 95 uThe Second Rainbow Book of Slmulatlons $� $ 4.95 __ :!Thrd Adven1ure PackaQe w11h Tape � -$1 1.95 .JSecond Aair,bow Simulattons Tape $� $ 4.95 __ :JTh rdAdventure Package with D1sK $26:90 $12.95 Second Rairbow __ $ 7.95 o Slmulations Disk Slrols $ 4.95 OThe Fourth Rainbow Book of Adventures SJ.e:9s __ D Second Simulations Package with Tape s:19:96s 8.95 __ •:JFo.JrthAdventures Tape �5 $. 6.95_ D Second Simulations Package with Disk $� $ 8.95 1.JFo.mh Adven1ures Disk u.r.95 $1 1.95 __ mp e e OTheC o l t Rainbow Gulde to 05-Q s.l.9:9S s12.95 __ >.JFoJ.JrthAdV enture Package with Tape � $13 90 U Rainbow Gulde toOS-9 Disk Set (2 disks) s:J.KJ6 s19.95 __ WFounh AdvAntute PackJ:lgA with Dl«k � $18 90 u Rainbow Gulde to OS-9 Package w'9S'$29.95 -- ::JAFull Tum ot the Screw $19 95 OThe Windows & Appllcatlons Disk for Olntroductory Gulde to Statistics $-6".§'s i 2.95 __ The Complete Rainbow Guide OGuide to Statistics Tape or Disk (lrdlcate choice) �S S 2.95 __ to OS-9 Level II, Vol. I $19.95 __ OGuide to Statistics k Package $.1-l:'OO 5 495 DThe RainbowB oo of Adventures (fi rst) $.J,95" $ 2.00 -­ (indicate choice of tape or disk) $ $ 2.00 -­ O Rainbow Adventures Tape {first) >':9! Add $2 per book Shipping and Handling m U.S. O Flrtt Adventure Paci

Mell to: Rainbow Bookshelf, The Falsoft Building, P.O. Box 385, Prospect, KY 40059. To order by phone (creditcard orders only) call (800) 84Hl309, 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. EST. For other Inquiries call (502) 228-4492. Pleas& note: The tapes anddisks ottered by TheRainbc>YI Bookshelf are not stand.alone producl&.That is, they are intended to bean adjunctand complement ta the boo kt;. Even ifyou buy the tape or disk, you will stlll need the BPPfOpriate bookfor loading and operating instructions. OS-9 is a regislered trademarkof the MicrO'Nare Systems Corporation 8 September 1992 THE RAINBOW

name fcs /Count! ldb 11·0 yes, make it zero fcb 3 ed1tion number stb ,y save it fee /(c)l987 S.B.Gol dberg/ bra countl carry to next digit save stb ,y save digit format fee /0000000 rts return fcb 0 ****************************** ••• ** ** ************** * ** * ***** * DISPLAY COUNT OR TOTA L * INITIAUZE *********** **** ********** *** * * * ****** *** ****** ***** *** * ** *** error cmpb lleSeof end of f11 e? entry clr totflag cl ear total flag bne out exit wi th other er ro r clr path standard i nput pa th lda pat h Input path number lda It? set all option bit fl a gs bne cl ose not standard input, cl ose file ldb .x+ parameter character leax

Listing 2: MakeCount.b09 PROCEDURE MakeCount Submitting Material 0000 C* Generates the bi nary module count *) I 0077 C* evel I - change al 1 /dd to /dll *l To Rainbow 004C DIM path, byt :BYTE 0057 DIM count :JNTEGER Contribmions lO 111e. RAINBOW are wel­ 005E PRINT "Creating count •.., comcfromeveryone. W e like co runvariety a Special Back Issue Offer - 0077 CREATE I/ path ,"I dd I cmds I count" : W�lTE of programs thar are useful, helpful and fun 0090 FOR count-1 TO 469 for olher CoCo owners. Magazines $1 each 00Al READ byt WHAT TO WRITE; We are interested Disks each - 00A6 PUT I/ pa th, byt $6 in what you want 10 tell our readers. We while supplies last! 0060 NEXT count accept for consideration anything that is wcll­ 0066 CLOSE I/ path wrincn and has a practicnl �pplicAtion forthe 00Cl PRJ NT Tandy Color Computer. Ifit imercsts you, it 00C3 SH ELL "attr /dd/cmds/count e pe" will probably interest lots of others.However. 00DF ENO we vastly preferartidcs with accompanying l, 00El DATA 135. 205 , 213, 0, 13, 17, 130, 255 , 0,49 , 10,0. 67 .111.117 programs tbat cau b,,; c111eru..l am.J ruu. 111c 0115 DATA 110. 244 ,3.40.99,H .19,57 .56, 55 .32 ,83 ,46,66 .46, 71.111 moreunique the idea, the more the appeal. We 014C DATA 108 , 100 , 98 , 101.114, 103 , 48 . 48,48. 48, 48, 48,48. 32. 32. 0 have a continuing need for !>hort artides wilh 0180 DATA 15 ,3,15, 2,134, 7, 230, 128, 193, 45 , 38. 41 . 79 . 230 , 128,32 short listings. These are especially appealing SysStat 0184 DATA 6, 230, 128 , 193, 32 ,35, 30 , 202 ,32, 193 , 108. 38 ,4,138, ,32 l 10 our many beginners. Understanding Memory 0H8 DATA 240 , 193 , 119,38,4,138, 2 ,32, 232 , 193 ,99 ,16,38, l, 57, 138 _FORMAT: Program submissions must Printer Control t121C DA IA 4, 32, £22, 2311 , 128,193 , 32, 39 , 2�11 , 193, 4>, 39 ,2118,4 8 ,31 be on tape or disk. and it is best lO make 024D DATA 151,4, 198,3, 203,3, 52, 16 ,48, 71 , 49, 140,170,166. 160 ,39 several saves, al lea...;;r one of them m ASCII Sorting Array Data 0281 DATA 4.167 , 128.32 ,248 ,90,38,242 .174,228.166,132, 129, 13.39 fonnal. We're sorry. but we do nol have time 0282 DATA 21,134.1.16.63, 132.16,37,0,221 ,151.2.12.3,134, 13.161 lo key in programs and debug our typing Easy File Marlpulations Prompts 02E9 DATA 132, 39 .2.167 .31.159,0,151, 61 ,48,200, 62 , 16.142 ,8,50 errors. All progrums should be supported by wrth style and more 0310 DATA 150,2,16,63,137,37,68,31.16,49,171.16,159, 5,156 ,5,39 some editorial commentary explaining how 0354 DATA 229 , 166 .128,129,32,34, 19,230,30, 193 ,32 ,35, 5, 49 ,200 the program works. We al))(J prefer LhatetliLtJ­ 0385 DATA 23 ,141,15.129, 32,39 ,231,49. 78,32,3,49, 200,32, 141 ,2 ria.l copy beincluded in ASCII format on 1he SOFT 0389 DATA 32 , 220, 52,32,141,5,53 ,32, 49 , 168, 27, 230, 162 , 92 , 193 , 57 tape or disk. usmg any of the word processors SECTOR ..., .... 03ED DATA 35, 6, 198 ,48. 231, 164, 32 , 243 . 231 , 164, 57 , 193 , 211 ,38, 71 currently available for the Color Computer. 041E DATA 150 , 2, 38 ,5,48, 140, 19,32,68,16, 63 ,143, 37 ,57 .48, 71,214 Also.please include a doubJe-spaccd printout Patriotic Graphics 0455 DATA 4, 84 , 52 ,4,36, 23, 198 , 6,31,18, 166, 160, 129 ,48,38, 7, 134 of your editorialmaterial and programI isting. Maze Escape lfr, 048C DATA 32 , 167, 63 .90, 38, 243 . 142 , ti.9, 141 . 65, 48 .9, 230 , 224 Do not send text in all capital letters: use Stellar Blast 04C0 DATA 38, 222 , 53, 16 .141 ,51 , 95 . 158,0,166 .132.129,13, 16, 38 , 255 upper- and )(lwercase. r lling 04F4 DATA 50 .10.3 ,46. 3 .16. 63, 6. 48, 140, 24 , 52, 16 ,48. 200 . 34 , 15. 3 Sc o COMPENSATION: We do pay forsub­ A Look at Memory 052E DATA 32 .186.115.116 .97 .110.100. 97 .114 .100.32.105.110.112 missions, ba..00on a number of criteria. Those Utility 055C DATA 117 .116.13.116,111.116.97 .108,13.16.14 2.0.200, 134.1 wishing remuneration should so state when Commands 058D DATA 16,63, 140 ,37 .209 ,57,48,140,40, 16,142,0,18.141 ,239.174 making submissions. Technical Q&A and more 05Cl DATA 228 , 166, 128, 129,32 , 34 ,250, 37 , 10, 134 , 13 , 167 , 31 .166, 128 Forlhe benefit.oflhose wanting more de­ 05F2 DATA 129, 32 , 39 , 250, 48 ,31 .159, 0. 32, 154.48,140. 22 .141,204 tailed infonnation on making submissions. 0623 DATA 95 ,32 , 165 ,42 ,42,42,42 ,32 ,67, 97 , 110,39, 116,32,111.112 please send a self-addressed, stamped enve­ 0657 lll, DATA 101 .110,58, 32, 7,85,115 .101 . 58 , 32 ,99, 117, 110 .116 lope (SASE) to: Submission Guidelines. nm To order, call (800) 847-0309 0688 DATA 32, 91 , 45, 108,11 9 ,99.93 . 32,91 , 102, 105 , 108 ,101 , 93.32 RAINBOW, The Palsoft Building, P.O. Box385, 9 a.m.-5 p.m. EST. 0689 DATA 91 .46 ,46,46,93,13 ,95,49,119 Prospect, KY 40059. We will send you com· prc hcnsive guidelines. Plea�edonot submit material currently submitted lo anotherpublication. BONUS OFFER: Soft Sector Binders $3 Each

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Random lnformation Jason also wrote that I ENT * shows you Burke and Disto real-time clocks. These Over the past year, several people have the names of the last I 0 people to enter the clock drivers are based on the work of i sent varous hints my way, hoping they SIG, as well as rhe ti me ar which they Rruce Tsted (RR!JCEISTED) with additional --- Delphi would help other Delphi users. In no par­ entered. help from Tim Kientzle (TtMKtENTZLE).lf 11=11-- Hu reau (MIWR!GHT) ticu Jar order, here are several hints. Michael Wright sent me you are having trouble with droppedchar­ Mike Dalene (MDALENE) pointed out the following message in Mail: acters or tenninal programs hanging, this II- that using the command FIL£ FORUM. TXT Abow fo ur to five weeks ago, we had clock driver may fix your problems. It N £W in Forum puts all new messages into some rhundersrorms in chis pare of Texas correctly diddles the GIME to ensure that EDT Change your workspace in the file FORUM. TXT. This and I never rhoughr about disconnecring no interrupts are lost. command does not update your high-mes­ my modemfrom the phone lines (nor any of If you want to test your disk-drive speed sage pointer, so you need to use the HIGH my relephones). I have since replaced my on an OS-9/68000-based system, Mark Mode command in Forum. You could alterna­ modem and rhree telephones. You may want Griffith's(MARKGRIFFlTH) ODTest should tively just read the last message by entering to remind your readers of possi/>le hazards be helpfuI. It tests read and write speeds as I described how to use EDT in its com­ 999999 (or some other absurdly large to avoid the same. well as trade-to-track and average-seek mand mode a few months ago. This month number), and then exit Forum. Either rates. John Wainwright (JOHNREED) I' U describe how to use EDT in full-screen method sets your high-message pointer to April Uploads uploaded a portof the popular TeX typeset-. mode on Delphi. First let me remind you the last message in Forum, preparing you to Shortly after finishing the database ting language including a previewer that bow to set up for full-screen editing. Type do this again the next time you log on. After reorganization, Greg Law (GREGL) should work with K-Windows. Mike Haal­ fECHO HOST to set yourself up and /ECHO the FI LE command, you can go into your uploaded Alpha Directory - a preliminary and (MIKEHAALAND) released Mp l ay - a ECHO to restore the default echo setting. You workspace and download the file using list of all files in the OS-9 SIG databases K-Windows program that displays Auro­ can, of course, make a permanent change of your favorite protocol. Don't forget to de­ and their full description. Note that thi.� Desk Animator . FL! and . FLC animations. your echo setting in the settings menu. lete the file - conserve storage space ! upload is in the . ZIP format, soyou need an Don Vaillancourt (OONVAIL) uploaded When you enterEDT and seethe prompt. Frank Hogg (FHOGG)suggested hisown unzipping program to dearchive it; it is also the latest version of his OS-9/68000graph­ type C (short for change). You are now in useful Forum command: READ NEW NS very large. ics and sound standards proposal. full-screen edit mode. If your terminal FOLLOW LIMIT 12. Let's look at this com­ Shawn Driscoll (EARTHER) released Ifyou are feeling politically active but program is set up for VT I 00emulation and mand one part at a time. REAO NEW is simple md1 r for 0S-9/6809 that works similiarlyt.o don't know how to get your message where you have told Delphi in the settings menu to understand. The next part.NS, is shortfor the OS-9/68000 command of the same it will do some good, you will be interested that you are on a VT I 00, and if yourter mi­ nonstop and instructs Delphi to list all chosen name. Darren Kindberg (DKlNDBERG) in Don Hutchison 's (DONHUTCllISON) nal program can emulate the VT 100arrow messages without pausing at each page or updated his calendar program for Mulri­ upload. This file lists all Congressfolk and keys. then the arrow keys will move you between messages. This is useful when you Vue. Wes Gale (WESGALE) wins this their fax numbers. Now all you need is around the screen just as you suspect.There can captureto memory or to disk, allowing month's busy uploader award! Among other access to a fax machine! Don also contrib­ are also specialfunctions available through you Lo captureall new messages and then contributions are Junk - a safer delete uted a file full of lawyer jokes. Brian the VT I 00 keypad. Ifyour terminal pro­ read them offline. FO L LOW means you want utility that copies deleted files to a scratch Flahive (BFLAHIVE) released Easy Reader, gram can emulate a VTIOO keypad PF2 to follow threads; thus, you won't see the area where you later delete them yourself which allows you to easily read . DOC and key, then pressing this key displays a help messages in numerical order. Fo llowing (the files are not deleted). Ifyou have de­ . TXT files. screen. Ofcourse. this will also work if you threads can help you keep track of the leted something accidentally. you can eas­ have an actual VT IOO.VT52 emulation (or discussions you are reading if you log in ily retrieve it. His cdi r utility allows rapid a VT52) also allows you to use the full­ occasionally. Finally, LIMIT 12 is useful if sean:hing for files using wildcard characters. screen editing mode. you don't generally like reading very long XArc makes it easy for you to extract files The keypad keys allow you to cut and messages. You will see only the first 12 from an archive of almost any typewithout - - _------paste blocks of text. lines, words and char­ lines of messages longer than 12 lines. having Lo remember the commam.1-line acters. PFI is called the gold key -press­ Delphi adds an extra line of ellipses ( ... ) to options of each dearchiving program. Wes - ing it beforecertain keys changes the key' s messages longer than 12 lines to indicate also uploaded a demo version of a fast 11-1- function. For exan1ple, PF4 cuts a line, and that you saw part of the message. bootfile tor for OS-9/6809. Finally, he edi -··-- " ------Gold PF4 pastes that line. To use Gold PF4, Many months ago, I mentioned that any uploaded a bundle of RiBBS utilities. Jim pre ss PFl then PF4 . The help screen dis­ line in a forum message beginning with . ! Martin's (WOAY) latest gsort is compat­ plays the function of each keypad key. is a comment that wouldn't be seen by ible with unde l and RBF Edition 30. Once you finish editing, press CTRL-Z peoplereading the message. Jason Bucata Rick Adams (RICKADAMS) released Eddie Kuns is pursuing a docrorare in to get to the normal EDT prompt. Of course (JBUCATA) reminded me that people who Version 4.2 of his UUCP package. This physics at Rurgers University. He lives in you can switch back and forthbetween line type /ZDOTS will see these lines! This release adds new features and ·fixes some Aurora, Illinois, and works as a program­ mode and change mode as often as you command turns off the Delphi fo rmatter bugs. Eddie Kuns (EDDIEKUNS) contrib­ mer and researcher at Fermilab. Eddie is want. From the prompt, enter EXIT to leave and shows you all dot commands. Use f uted the latest updated clock modules for the OS9 Online database manager; his the editor,just as you normally would. NOZOOTS to enable the formatter. the OS-9 software clock and the Burke & username is EDDIEKUNS.

OS-9 S/G RICK.ADAMS Rick Adams PAGAN Stephen Carville Utilities &Applications EDF I LES: RIBBS FILE AREA MANAGER EASY READER 1.0 General Information WES GA LE Wes Gale OSK Applications BFLAHIVE Brian Flahive SCULPTOR AVAILABILITY ANN. UNBUNDLE : RlBBS FIDO·MAIL UTI L DOTEST: DISK DRIVE TEST UTILITY MARKGRlFATHMark Griffith FHOGG Frank Hogg WES GALE Wes Gale PNW_COCOFEST MM/l STARS DEMO C REVISED) USERLOG PROCESSOR FOR RIBBS BACKFIRE Christopher Johnson WOA Y Jim Martin WESGALE Wes Gale OS9 UNOERGROUND :NEW MAGAZINE ANN DATAD EX - FREE FORM DATA BASE RIBBS BU LLETIN MAINTENANCE MOHRT Tim Mohr PAGAN Stephen Carville WESGALE Wes Gale SIGNETIC DATA AVAILABLE CFREE l CHOWN - CHANGE FI LE OWNER LARRYOLSON Larry Olson PAGAN Stephen Carville System Modules (6809) OS-9 FOR MAC : ANNOUNCEMENT/REV IEW CKFILE: CHECKBOOK PROGRAM PARALLEL PORT DRIVER FDR J&M FHOGG Frank Hog11 JOHNREED John Wainwright WOAY Jim Martin TEX: TYPESETTING PROGRAM SMARTWATCH CLOCK DR! VERS .\pplications (6809) JOHNREED John Wainwright SAM35 Steve Mylonas MOIR: OSK LIKE MODULE DIRECTORY AAPLAY FOR THE MMfl GRFDRV 25 LINE PATCH FOR I-MEG EARTifER Shawn Driscoll MlKEHAALAND Mike Haaland DEANHOLDER Holder THEO : THESAURUS PROGRAM Dean CLOCK UPDATE EDITION 9 RAYMA YEUX Raymond Mayeux OSK Syste Modules EDDIEKUNS Eddie Kuns m PORDER: PURCHASE ORDER PROGRAM SCP68230: MH/l PRINTER DRIVER LUTE Lute Mullenix MARKGRIFATI!Marlc Griffith Games & Graphics GCAL 1.1: CALENDAR FOR PTY /TTY MANAGER - BINARIES MULTIVUE SPINNING BALLS (VF9) DKINDDERG Darren Kindberg THEFERRET Philip Brown DEANHOLDER DeanHolder It is often desirable to know how many JUNK: DELETE UT I LITY WORD PUZZ LE SOLVERfGENERATOR characters a user has e tered a string after WESGALE Wes Gale Standards n in WOA Y J m Manin INPUT LINEJNPUT CDIR DIRECTORY/FILE CASE UTTL i STANDARDS PROPOSAL FOR OSK an or statement is exe· RAYTRACED IMAGES \\'ESGALE We< Gale DONVAlL Don Vaillancoun cuted. One way of doing this is Lo use the GRAPlllCSPUB Bob Montowski GSORT V9: NEW SORT FOR M-VUE LEN (length) function (e.g., A•LENCA$ l). Jim WOA Y Manin CoCo SIG Another way is to use a peek. Mem XARC ARCH IVE EXTRACTION UT ILITY Mu.'iic & Sound ory WHEN THE SAINTS ... (UM[) Location 425 contains the length of the WESGALE Wes Gale OS9BERT Ben Schneider General Information most recently entered string; to get this KWIKGEN - DEMO: BOOTFILE EDITOR CONGRESSIONAL FAX NUMBERS WESGALE Wes Gale information, use A·PEEKC425). This latter Programmers Den OONHUTCHISON Don Hutchison PASCAL TO C CONVERTER LAWYER JOKES approach may be just a bit faster than the Telerom (6809) ILLUSIONIST Mich l Gro.ffam DONlUITCHTSON Dnn Hutchison first. RICK ADAMS' UUCP ae 4.2 TEXT SCREEN MENUS FOR THE COCO THE RAINBOW September 1992 11

Updating Submission Information THE RAINBOW has received literally • • • 1.housands of programs and articlesover the years. Obviously we can 't publish all of Have you written an interesting utility program for use with them immediately, so we often hold them Utilities your CoCo? Perbaps others would find ii a useful addition to their for possible publication in later issues. Un­ libraries, too ! We arc now making tentative plans for the January fortunately, some of the better submissions 1993 issue of THE RAINBOWand are accepting submissions appro- are being held because the authcirs have priate for that issue's theme, Utilities. moved without notifying us of their new We welcome submissions forBASIC as well as OS-9. addresses. All submissions intended for the January 1993 issue must Ifyou have submined a program in the be received by us no later than September 25. 1992, and past, then moved. please lake a few minutes must follow our standard submission guidelines (seePage 9 to send us a note with your new address and for details and address). phone number. Or ifyou know of someone We'd also like to see anyother programs you have who fits this description and does not cur­ written (submitted material must be the original work of rently read TIIERAINBOW,please have them the submitting party, or submitted with written permis­ contact us. Our address is THE RAlNl!OW, sion) . All submissions are evaluated and considered for The Falsoft Building, 9509 U.S. Hwy 42, - - publication infuture issues. P.O. Box 385, Prospect, KY 40059. Send updates co tbe anention of tbe Editorial Department.

The fo llowing products have recently been received by THE RNNBOW, examined by our staffand issued the Rainbow Seal of Cerrijicarion,your assurance char we have seen tlte product and have ascertained that it isw hat it purports co be.

CF83-9: Gr.tphic Set,a word setthat allows PHOD E graphics use through CF83 Fortlt (required, purchased separately). Supports all PMODE commands (though they are named differently) for creating, manipulating and viewing graphics on the CoCo I, 2 or 3. BDS Software, P.O. Box 485, Glenview, IL 60025-0485 , (708) 998-1656; $28 with printed manual, $15 wich manual on disk; Canadian orders add $3 , all other fo reign orders add $10; all funds U.S.

CoCoCassette#ll 7, a variety of programs for the CoCo I, 2 and 3. This issue includes Boxes, anar cade-typegame; TicTac Toe 3, for the Color Computer 3; Menu, a disk­ based menuing system: Muncher •. a simple text-based PacMan play-alike; Riddle; Lot­ toGME , a personal lotto game; HCopy, a utility forsaving graphics age nu d RAINBOW INDEX im s to u se RAM for later use; Rahu/' s Quesc 3. a A complete index for, July 1981 thrQugh June 1984, is printed in the July 1984 issue. Separate copies are available lor$2.50 plus soe joystick-based CoCo 3 adventure; Cars Typing Tutor, a typing tutor with a twist; handling. Indexes tor subsequentyears are published annually in the July issues of THE RAINBOW. and Protect, a Tom Mix game. T & D TOTAL Subscriprion Software, 2490 Miles Stan­ dish Drive, Holland, 49424, (616) 399- KY RESIDENTS ADD 6% Ml 9468; $8. CANADIAN RESIDENTS ADO 7% GST U.S. MAIL CHARGE CoCo Font Pro, a utility for creating,edit­ SHIPPING & HANDLING ing, saving and displaying text (using HP R I NT) n 3 U.P.S. CHARGE in different fo ts on the Coco Hi-Res graphics screens. TOTAL AMOUNT Fonts included aren ormal, normal inverted, picture, script, ENCLOSED fancy, outline and bold. Extra fonts are Article Reprints available. Color Computing Software, 65 In instances where a given issue is now out of print andnot available for purchase, we do provide photocopies of specific articles. The oostfor this Oak Road, Canron,MA 02021; $14.95 plus service is $1.50plus 50cents 5JH per article. This service is provided only in $1 S!H. the caseof out-of-stock is sues.

a ______N me Life ond Death,the game of Life for one or Address ______two players - play the game instead of City Stale Zip simply watching it. Written in CF83 Forth. :J Payment Enclosed, orCharge to my: Q VISA a MC DAE Requires at least 64K, one disk drive and a color monitor (RGB or color composite) or Card # color television . BDS Soft ware, Box Expiration Date _____ Phone ( P.O. 485, Glenview, IL 60025 -0485 , (708) 998- Signature ------­ 1656; $10 wich printed manual; Canadian TO ORDER BY PHONE (credit cardorders only) call (800) 847- orders add $3,all other fo reign orders add 0309. 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. EST. All other inquiries call (502) 228-4492. $10; all funds U.S. send to: THE RAINBOW, The Falsoft Building, P.O. Box 385, Prospeci, KY 40059

Please send me the following back issues: VOLUME 1 APR84 Gaming S3.95 0 JUL81 Premier Issue S2.oo a "1AY 84 Printer S3.95 a i FEB82 $2.00 Q JUNS-4 Music S3.9S 0 VOLUME 2 JULB-4 An"""""" s.1.95 0 I JUN 83 Printers $2.95 Q VOLUME 3 VOLUllE 4 AUG83 Games $2.95 0 AUG84 Games $3.95 a SEP83 Education $2.95 a SEP84 Edll(:atlon S3.95 0 DCT83 Grapt;e< 53.95 a OCT84 Graphics S3.95 a "1AA84 &slness $3.95 Q NOV S4 Data.Cornn. S3.95 a 12 September 1992 THE RAINBOW 3

n these days of Nintendo(tm) et al, George and Ellen Af­ I srraregy games are sometimes few and ramonow, two self- E) ,A : A A - NEXT:HPRI 630 RETURN far bet.ween. Up top is a challenging CoCo3 1------�raughr programmers, : HPRl NT( 13, - 10: NT( 29,4),"SCORE" 640 flCDLORl:llPRINT(ZS ,13)."NO MO game that requires logi­ believe computer users need another num­ 140 HCOLOR0:HLJNE(8,2)-(318,190) VES LEFT"' : P LAY"T25002BBB01AAA02D cal sk.illsand t.he abiJity ber cruncher as badly as a pig needs a • PSET .8:HL!NEC60. 6) -(314.186 ).PS DD" : GOT0520 co plan ahead - no waller. So they like rosir down and enjoy 1he ET. B:HL!NE(l2 , 6)- (56, 186 ) .PSET, B 700 HCLS5 : NT( 1.1) "The obj e HPRJ ' thumb-breaking joys­ challenge of writing e111ertai11ment soft­ :HPAINT00.4),4,0 ct is to move all of your" :HPR 1 S0 HDRAW"BM50, 60Ll 2D24 L8U24Ll2 E INT(l,2}."pieces to the top of t tick action is necessary. ware. They can be comac1ed at 46 Howe 16F16": HPAINT<40 . S8 ).2. 0 he gri d. Pl ace" : HPRINT(l.3)."the When run, Uptop Street, Milford, CT06460, (203 ) 878-3602 . 152 HPRINT (3.2! . "UP" :HPR1NTC3,4) bl i nki ng rectangl e over the pie displays a vertical 4- Please include an SASE when requesting a . "TOP":HPRI NT( 2. 22) . "GA/ EA" ce":HPRINH l.4l."you wish to mov by- l 1 grid, the bottom four rowso f which reply . 199 X-130:Y-165 :C-l: R-11 e, using the arrow key s . " :HPRINT 200 HCOLOR0: l$-!NKEY$: l Fll-""THE Cl.5),"and press ENTER. The p NHL!NEC X, Y)-( X+lS , Y+lS). PRESET. B 710 HPR!NTT HEN300 ieces in that row.":HPR!NT(l,8). 220 I FI 1-CHRS ( 9 )ANDXl 30TH ENX-X - he piece moves upward 2" are filled with playing pieces of different 15: c-c-1 : GOTD200 720 HPR!NT0 .10)."spaces .":HPRIN colors. The object is to move all 16 pieces 240 !FB-CHR$(94 ) ANDY>l 5THENY-Y - T C l.12) . " ILLEGAL MOVES :":HPR!NTC 15:R-R- l:GOT0200 to the top grid as possible. 2.13)."1) The new space must be as close of the 250 l FH-CHRS (10)ANDY l are pieces in the ori inal row (no piece can N2 : HCLS0: HCOLOR5 , 0 325 1THEN330 ELSE FORZ-R • TOI 750 l F!NKEYS-""THEN750 g TE l N C T 15 HPR ! NTC 10 ,10 ) , "MP OR GB S P - 1 : FA C C . ) >0THE 330 E LSEN EXT 760 H LSS:HPRIN C 12 . !) • "SCORlNG: move horizontally or diagonally). For ex­ Z 1" 327 GOT0400 ":HPRINTC 1.3),"Po1nts are scored ample, if you choose a piece in a row with 20 l $-INKEY $: !Fl$-""THEN20 330 A(C.NR >-AC C.R):P-ACC.Rl:ACC. only when the" :HPRlNTCl.4)."squ three pieces, the selected piece moves up 30 IFU-"C"THEN40ELSE I F U-"R"THE R )-0 : X2-138+( C-1)*15: Y2-23+( NR- 1 ares up top are occupi ed ." tbree rows. Thethret: rule' governingyour N50ELSE20 )*15 : HPAINT( X+8 , Y+8) ,5,5: HCIRCLE 770 HPR!NTCl.5),"560 1s perfect. moves are asl fo lows: 40 PALET CMP : PA LETTE0. 0:PALETTE (X2, Y2). 5, P :HPAINT( X2, Y2), P, P ":HPRlNTCl,7) ,"The game ends whe 1.17 . 8: PALETTE3 . 60: PALE 340 IFR<6THENSC-SC-C6-R)*l0 n you cannot move or" :HPRINT( l,8 TT 5.63 : GOT060 350 IFNR<6fHENSC-SC+C 6-NR)*l0 >."when a 11 pieces are up top . P """ the square into 50 A LETTE0. 0: PALETTE 360 HCOLOR5 :HLJNEC230 ,48)- (262,6 ress ":HPRINT(l,9}."at any t1 which you intend to l. 9:PALETTE3,27:PAL 0). PSET. BF: HCOLORl : H PRI NT< 29. 6). me to quit and start over ." S move the selected piece ET E5,63: '0-8LACK: l­ SC : HCOLDR0 : I F C-S 60THEN500ELS EGO 780 HPRINT<8.24)."P ress ENTER to SUB5S0: GOT0200 beg i n . " must bevacant, GRE -8LUE: 4-YELLOW : 5-WH !TE 370 'IFSC-560THENS00 800 U-INKEV $:1 Fl S-" "THEN800 """ a pie e may not c 60 HC LS0 400 PLAY "T2 5004A8C 02DDD" : HCOLORl 810 RETURN bemoved into a row that already contains a 65 HDRAW"CSSBBM90 . 40R3010R5BU10R : HPRINTC 28 , 16)."I LLEGAL": HPRI NT( 820 HCLS:Z-21: HCOLOR3 :HPRINTC16. piece of the same color, 3013N Ll 1BR5 R3U6 R6 EU5HL9B F3NU02R 30. 18)."MOVE" : FORQ-1T0700 : NEXT: H !),"Tll[ END" :flPR!NTC 16 ,22l,"THE END" : W$-"T" : X-16: GOSU8900: WS-"H" """ and the top-most piece on the grid at 4BE5BR9 Rll02L5011NL2BR9 NRBBE3N COLORS : HPR! NH28, 16)."I LLEGAL" : H R3HU6BU3NL2R6FD11GBR6 R3U6R6EU5H PR! NT( 30 .18)."MOVE" : GOT0200 : X-17:GOSUB900 : WI-" E" : X-18 : GO SUB any time m y moved one sq are a not be u L9BF3NUD2R4S4" 500 FORQ-10T060STEPS : PALETTES . Q: 900 : x-20: GOSU8900 : W$-"N": x-21 : GO pward. u 70 HPR!NTC19.l2),"by":HPR! Nf(9 . 1 FORZZ-1 TD22 : NEXTZZ .0: PALETTES . 63 SUB900: WS-"D" : X-22 : GOSUB900 6)."GEORGE & ELLEN AFTAMONOW" 510 HCOLOR1 :HPRINT(28.10l."PERFE 830 HCOLOR2:HL!NEC90,80)-C220 ,11 N Given these rules, we expect you'll find 75 FORV0-30T01STEP-4: PLAY"V-VO:" CT" : HPRINT( 29, 12), "SCORE" 6), P S ET .B:H L I EC80. 72 ) - (230 . 124 J : FORZ0-5TOlSTE P-3: FORZN-9T01 STEP 520 HCOLORl :HPRINT<26, !8 ),"PL AY • PSET.B :HPA I NT C 82. 78 l ,0,2 Uptop to be quite a challenge. Points are -1:PL AY"L2550-ZO :-ZN :":NEXTZ N. ZO AGAIN?": HPRINTC 29. 20) ." CY /N )" 850 CLS : ENO scoredonly when the • VO: PLAY"V15" 530 I $-! NKE.YI: IF I I-""THEN530 900 Z-23: FORY-lTOll : z-z-1: PLAY"T upper blocks are 80 HCLS5 : HCOLORl : HPR 540 1Fl$-"Y"THENRESTORE:SC-0 :FOR 25001D" :HCOLOR3 : HPR!NT( X.Y). WI: H W$: occupied; 560points YOU NEED INSTRUCT! ZZ-lTOll : FORQQ-lT04 : AC QQ. ZZ )-0 : N PR! NT( X,Z), PLAY"02A" : HCOLOR5 : HPRINTCX. Y) , WI ,W$ :NE is a perfectscore . The 0, 20 ) - ( 280 . 60) . P SET EXTQQ . ZZ:G OTD 100E LSEI Fl $-"N"THEN :HPRINTCX,Z) l)-( 28 0, 61),PSET S XT: HCOLOR3 : HPRl NT ( X,Y), W$: RETURN game automatically 820 EL E530 82 l $-!NKEY $:! FII-"" 549 ·check moves eft ends when you can­ 1 l I-" N"THEN90 5S0 FORD-3T011: FORA-lT04 : IFACA.D not make a legal 84 IFil-"Y"THENGOSUB700ELSE-82 )-0THENNEXTA:NEXTD !------move or when all the 90 OATAl .2.3.4,?,3,4.1.3.4.1.2.4 5S5 M-0 : !FD-1 2THEN640ELSEFORQ-1 T N X M M+ pieces are in the top , 1,2,3 04 :IFACQ.D)-0 THEN E TELSE - l : 95 D!MA (4 ,11J NEXT four rows. Press at Q 100 HCLS5 : HCOLOR0 .5 560 I FD-12THEN640 any time to quit or 110 FORZ-15T0180STEP15: H LI NE( 130 565 IFA-5TH ENNEXTD start a new game. • Z )- ( 190, Z).PSET :NEXT : FORZ-130TO 570 CR-D-M: IFCR0 THENNEXTA ET: N EXT 580 IFA-5TH ENNEXTD ll5 FORZ-16 10181STEP15: Hll NEC 131 585 I FD-12THEN640 • Z )- ( 191 . Z). PSET: NEXT: FORZ-131 TO 590 FORG-1T04 :!FA(G,CR)-A( A,D)TH 191STEP15: HLINE( Z, 16) - ( Z,18 1).PS ENNEXTA ELSENEXTG ET: NEXT 595 I FD-12THEN640 120 X-0:Yl-8 : FORY-0 i045STEPl5: D 600 I FA-5TH ENNEXT D RQ-1 T04 : READZ: HC !RC ElTHENRETURN 8),5. Z: HPA! NT( X+138i, Y+I28).l.Z:X 605 IFM-lTHENFDRE-D-1 TOI STEP-1: -X+l5:A( Q. YI )-Z: NEXi:(l:X-ff :Yl-V I FA CA. EJ>0THENRETURNELSENEXTE l:NEXTY 610 IFA-4THENNCXTO CLSENEXTA 130 HCOLORl:A-50 : FORE- O·! 620 I F0-12THEN640 THE RAINBOW September 1992 13 BRAND-LABEL DISK JACKETS

abeling disks is one of those important computer hou e­ keeping chores that is also sometime frustrating. 1 he little HEI .t-R+t:GOTO 251 ,32) :CllRS H2CI ; : Rl1Ullll 281 If 11-1 Tll£1 PRfllTJ-Z,TAl(13l 41f PRlllTf•2,TAll(63):CHR$(l2C) :S gummed labels never seem to stick for long - even if TRIWCS .32 l ; CllRS( lZ4 > ; RETURN Ht If 11-1 TI!Ell t'RINTf-2. TA8( 29l 481 PRl llTf·2. TAIC7 > :Cllll$(l20 :ST they're pecially made fordisks. I cured thi ticky lirtle I RJll&S(fl6,32l:Cllll( l2.�l: ll£TIIRN 311 If JlorZ TIIEI PRlllff - 2,TUl'fll 491 PRl•Tf-2,STR IN6S(6.32):CllllSC problem by writing a BASIC program to create my own disk 1241:STRJllG$(S6,32> ; CHRS( 120 : RE jackets, complete with printed directory. TURN SH PRUITl-2.STRlllGS(6,32l �CURS< in 124) : STRlll6$( S6,9S) ;CHRS(120: RE OJACK[T is a short CoCo3 program that achieve a cleaner appearance are lines 1'URll prints a disk-jacket outline u ing tandard 520 through 540 andlines 570 through 590. SJ8 A-P£EIUUl9tl ASCII charuciers. Makesure your printer is While theprogr.tm isdesigned for theTandy 528 PRiii f- 2,CHU(2.7J:CllRS(!8l ; 11 C'1 online. and run th progr.un. When DMP- 107 p ter these program lines are • llLO e rin , S31 ,RJllTf·Z,CHR$( Z71 ;CHllS (66>;C prompted. put the dislc. forwhich you wam commented, and it should be easy to allc:r llRSU >: ' UA1tT ITALICS to create a jacketinto Dri ve 0. The program thecodes to suit your printer. 54• l'R11Tf- Z,CRRSC27l ;CHRS<3U: reads the disk's direerory informationas it ' START 80LD SY POltE prints. When it yo can print &lf9C ,A1RETUh is finished, u S&t A-f'EEltl"'9CJ jacket or quit. another 571 PRl llTf- Z,ClfRt<2'> :CHR$<19); Afteryou remove the nted from Dahlke is a auto trchni­ pri paper Ron certified • $TMDAlO II t:Pl rhe printer. use scissors co cut around the cian who has worked in the auto-repair sat l'IWITf·t. CJIRS(t1) :tltllJ(ff) :f: extremeouter ponion of the outline.Then business since 1985.Ht purchasedhis Color lflr(Jh ' EllO 1TA&.1CS 991 2,CHR$C t7hl:HR$(32h fold the fonnon the three lines indicated in Computerin 1986 tokup shop records and PAJ"T.. a • EU BOLD Figure I. Use little tr.tn•"j>arent tape(or has been progranvning si11ce that time. He ... POkUll9C .�,ltETIJM glue. ifyou want) to attach the naps to the can be contacted at W7585 Novak lane. back side of the jacket, and you're ready to Waterloo, WI 53594, (414) 261-6989. go. Please i11clude an SASE when requesting a The control codes OJACKET uses to reply.

CoCo 3 Disk '"rlfll II'/� •t'1•Ul .�1'• C•fC/tU IU Tiie Ultinl: D.JACX£i �·vx... a m m��r� m 'OtSK·JACKET PRINTER r • ev RON DAHi Kf 3 'COPYRIGllT !Cl 1992 161 l'ftl«Tf·2." + ":CllllfU1'>: 4 'BY fALSOf'f, lllC. ?TRIHS:'Cl111St124);" + � Fokl�J.• 38 P01CE 151, 18 ' tz• BAUD 41 lllDTH32 :PALmc lZ ,63: PAlttT£ 181 GOSUB - 13,l:CLS:PRINT 199. FOR X-1 l9 27:GCISlll 491:1£XT 51 PRUIT" PUT DlSl IN DRIYE l •• 211 &OSll8 5IJ 61 PlllllT"'Ull£ UP PAPER AllO PRESS 111 6011)" 41 AIY KEY• ne H:tl-1 71 EXEC 44S39 :PIJITf·21GOSUI Sfil 231 FOR 1.-1 TO IS. 81 CLS :l'IUIT" llOIUtlllV 91 GOSUI 451:FOR X•l Tt 3:$0SW =�J"T1K11JU 46a: GOSUI 471:1CXT X !ff lf l£FTStFfttlU,1 >-CtmOS&) lN GOSUI 4'I 11IDt 1t4�1 . IO'm � 1 .. GOSUI H• :PRJllTf·2.TA l<.28-1 � HJ lf' ll�JMJllY.WoC:ltattel

161< Extended • I Tbtl.ioliftg::DRILLER I "MATH DRILLER 2 "BY TREVOR BOEllH 3 'COPYRIGHT (C) 1992 Driller of the Time • 'BY FALSDFT. INC. 5 "RAI NBOW MAGAZINE II CLS:PRINT:PRINTTAB( 9)00HATH DR ILUR• 28 PRINTTAB(9)"---- 38 X-RND(·TtH ERJ :X-RN0(12J :Y-RNO [12) 49 TIHER-il:PRINT:PRINTlAB288 THENPRJNTll 388, .. l T TOOK YOU L�G ENOUGH !":PRINT"" program works with any Coco having at least Trevo r Boehm is a telllll-grade stude111 passio11 whose greatest is challenging R�����BgRl-180T0200��vSTEP10:63� ���h SOUNDT�A� I .S:����· NEXT:; �� com uters with 11ew programs. He has IF N-x•v THEN c-c- . 5 and Extended BASIC. p 80 SOU NO 100 . 7: IF 0-108 THEN 98 16K participated in fa irs and several science ELSEGOT00 Math Driller works much like fla5h cards dent takes too much Lime entering an an­ hos received numerous awards/or his work. 90 CLS:PR!NT'" YOU GOT"" C/100:"" PERCENT : PRI NT .. COWABUNGA: - multiplica1ion problems are displayed in swerordoesn' tenter the correc1 answer, he Ht' ran bP co11tacted at 77 Inwood Crrs .. 111.. . MA THEM Tl CAL DUDES I .. : EX EC44539: RU rapid succession onscrccn, and the student is infonned (with a linle sound help from Winnipeg. MB R2Y IA2, Canada . Please N A must enter the correct answers. If the stu- the PLAY command) that he needs to prac i11clude an SASE when requesting a rep ly. � 14 September 1992 THE RAINBOW

sional garage sales and at electronic and A Full Meg of Memory han1 flea markets, CoCo I 'sand 2's sell for A What can you rel/ me about 1-mega­ from $ IO to $25 each. That is the best way wt.byte upgrades fo r r/re CoCo J? Yuu to fix a broken CoCo l or 2. menrionedyou were using one in aprevio11s "CoCo Consultations" column. Graphics Conversions John H. Opheim A Those interested in converring .GIF Burt. Iowa � files to .MGE-type files should be aware that in the CoCo SIG on Delp hi is a Disto/CRC produced a IMB upgrade program called NEWGIF.BIN thar allows A for the CoC o 3. It was a bit tricky to you to do this. This program has been in the install, requiring soldering a 40-pin header CoCo SIGfo r a while. Using another co11- to the 68B09E chip in the CoCo. This verter called MGETOCM3 .BIN (also avail­ upgrade was of use principly with OS-9 High-Speed Crystals? increase inperformance will vary with the able i11 the CoCo SIG), you can convert (after a minor patch was made) and of little A I've heard vario11s reporrs on In­ program being run, I'm not sure you can . MGEfiles to . CH3 formar. use to Disk BASIC users. Sadly, CRC no � 1ernerof fo lks acceleraring rhe speed expect more than about a 50 percent overall John Burke (JBURKE) longer produces it. so it is generally not of their CoCo 3 by dropping in a higher increase in speed running ordinary applica­ Freemo11t, California available. Occasionally CoCo PRO! has speed crystal. Sp ecijicully, one person tions. But this is the only sensible route to used ones for sale, and occasionally ane reponed some degree of success replacing boosting your CoCo 3's speed without Downloading With Autoterm 6.3 gets offered for sale in the Classified Ads rhe 28.63636 MHz (Bx Colorburst fre­ compromising the reliability or video dis­ a rm having problems downloading section of Delphi. quency) crystal used in the CoCo 3 wirh a play. You do have to have the skill to � wkenized BASIC programs and bi­ 32 MHz crystal. Whar are yo11r tho11ghts desolder the existing 68B09E inside your nary programs using Autoterm 6.3. After 1 Simply Better in Parallel abo11t this? CoCo 3 and replace it with a socket. Burke save the program and then try to load it, I A I recently purchased Simply Better Arr Fle:xser ( ARTFLEXSER) & B urke supplies the 63B09E, along with get w1 IE Error. The munual is very cu11Jus­ � fo r word processing. /1 works fine Miami, Florida the patches to OS-9 and a book about the i11g and ambiguous on this subject. except it will not print thro11gh my Disro 6309 processor. Charles Wiggins (WIGGINSC) parallel printerport. Even ADOS 3 config­ l will stick to the position l took in an As for plLtting a Color Computer in a PC­ Tucson, Arizona ured fo r sending output through the para l­ A earlier ··coeo Consultations" column: clone case ...tha t's the son of thing that "if lel printer purr does not cure the problem. Increasing the speed of the clock crystal is you have to ask how to do it, you'd best not Charles, the problem you are having Is there a wayto fix this? a foolish pursuit, of interest only to the most try it." l suggest you consider doing it only A is due to a bug inAutoterm 6.3. The RandyE Longshore (RANDYE) fanatic of hackers. Yes, Dave Macias re­ with direct, one-on-one help from someone file's length is stored as one byte less than Alta Loma, California ports successfully getting a CoCo to work locally who has already done this. lna past it should be, hence the IE Error when you with a 32 MHz crystal. But he also ac­ "CoCo Consultations," I have given ex­ try to load it. 111ere is a file in the Telecom­ .6. An Flexser tells me that he knows of knowledges that at that speed he no longer plicit instructions on how to hook a CoCo 3 munications database of the CoCo SIG on A no patch for Simply Better to allow it can get the video image to sync with his to a PC-compatible power supply. Readers Delphi that outlines a procedure for repair­ to use the Disto Parallel pon. Apparently Magnavox ICMl35. He was able to per­ have reported to me that, by and large, these ing such a file. Search the database with the Simply Better does not go through the BA­ suade a monochrome monitor to sync at the instructions are accurate and that by fol­ keyword AU TOTE RM. You will find a fi le SIC ROM call for printer output, and thus increased sync speed by twiddling with its lowing them they have successfully con­ wrinen by Tim Kientzle, based on informa­ ADOS 3 cannot redirect its printer output. horizontal sync adjustment. It's possible nected a CoCo to a PC power supply. I tion supplied by Richard Gonzales (DR!FfY). However, An suggests a possible solution: that if he messes with the ferrite slug on the made one minor error in those instructions: The fix described is as follows: Use the Use the fe ature of Simply Better that allows horizontal sync adjustment in the I CM 135 I stated that hooking up the 78L08 to power editor in AutotemL If you have a version of you to save the printer output to disk. Then (assuming the 1CM135 has a standard was required only for CoCo audio. This is Autoterm pri or to 6.3, use A64 or A32 (not write a two or three line BASIC program that horizontal sync adjustment internally), he not correct. You need power at the 78L08 in Al28 or A512 fort hey have another obscure you can run under ADOS 3 that prints the might yet get his CoCo to sync to it. How­ the CoCo 3 not only for audio but also for bug). file. Just open the file,read a line at a time, ever, even if he does, the image will likely composite video. and send that line to the printer, then loop be somewhat distorted. Note that all you are I) Go intoAuto term's text-editing mode, back to input another line. Another option getting when you change to a 32 MHz WEFAX Updates and delete any data in the buffer. for ADOS 3 users is the SCANP command, crystal is a roughly iO percent increase in A In the August 1990 "CoCo Co11sulta­ 2) Load (SHIFT-CLEAR-L) the faulty which will cause the file to be printed. actual computerspeed, from about l.9 MHz � lions " yuu mentiuned 1here was an file (the one with the IEE rror on loading) to about 2.3 MHz actual cycle speed. In my update to the WFFAX pro gram appearing into the editor. opinion this is hardly worth the risk of in the February 1985 issue of Rainbow. 3) Jump past the end of the file(SHIFT­ unreliable operation and the video prob­ How can I obtain s11ch an update? Down Arrow). Marrin H. Goodman, M.D., a physician lems it cause s. Dave's report is of intellec­ Ellis Cornell 4) Press ENTER (or any key). trained in anesthesiology, is a longtime tual interest but not of any practical signifi­ Dearborn, Michigan 5) Save (SHIFT-CLEAR-S) the result­ electronics tinkerer and outspoken com­ cance for those who wa111 to increase the ing file to disk with a new filename mentator - sari of lhe Howard Gosei/ of speedof their Coco 3. .6. If you send me $10, I will send you all (otherwise A11toterm will append the new the CoCo world. On Delphi, Marty is the � of the latest material I have for file to the old one). S/Gop of THE RAINBOW's CoCo SIG. His High-Speed 6809s? WEFAX, RTIY and a quality CoCo-based 6) After you have determined that your non-computer passions include rnn11i11g, A I've heard that there exisl high-speed Morse Code practice program. These up­ fixed file works, delete the faulty file from mauntaineering and outdoor photography. � versions of the 68B09E chip rated up dates have not changed in the last three your disk to prevent any confusion l Marry lives in San Pablo, California. to 8 MHz operarion. Is there any way I can years, I should note. They do include printer use such versions in a speeded-up CoCo 3? drivers for most older Tandy printers in­ This will add an extra byte to the faulty How else can I increase the speed of my cluding most of the DMP-130 series, for file, fixing it. This procedure may sound CoCo3? Whal's involved in putting a CoCo older Okidata printers , and foro lder Gem­ complicated, but it actually takes only a few 3 inside a cower case ? ini printers. Also included is a send and seconds to do. Thanks to An Flexser for Wayne Thompson (WI'HOMPSON) receive version of WEFAX that has been offering this explanation. Sachse, Texas used to transmit weather maps to ships at sea. The package includes an updated ver­ Re-inking Ribbons As I noted above, it is not fe asible to sion of R1TY for the CoCo that supports A What is meant by the description in A increase the clock speed of the CoCo several different baud rates and allows trans­ � Tandy' s compuler catalog of my -��1h�r 3 more than a tiny bit without running into mission of previously prepared and saved ancient LP VII ribbon as being a "re-inking aper; you .know serious problems involving the memory ASCII files, and saving of incoming text to ribbon." to remove all the access and ;,ideo display. For this reason, disk as an ASCIJ file. You can contact me Tom Fann (TOMFANN) the 6809 and 6309 chips rated to run at more . at 1633 Bayo Vista Ave, San Pablo, CA Akron , Ohio '.peopl\Hi�11Jjs by . g . ages;, . . used s 94806. 'ihen 'Jl3il1Stafcingly �g edg'ies from than 2 MHz cannot be at speed greater .. the than 2 MHzins ide the CoCo 3. However, if Like many other ribbons, the LP VIJ each of them. you are using OS-9, there is one way to Spare Motherboards A ribbon has little rollers soaked with A better way of removingthe' edgies is to increase performance: Consider installing A How can I 11eta spare working moth­ ink that rub against the ribbon as it moves in jeave file p..ges con:n�cf£d and. sta<:ked. As Burke & Burke's PowerBoost kit. This � erboard fo r a gray-case CoCo I, what likely is a continuous and possibly Jbng iis there are n9 more than a few pages $29.95 kit consists of a Hitachi 63B09E Tandy Car. No. 26-3003A? moebius loop, adding extra ink to it as it (seven or· so) in a group, removing the chip and patches to the OS-9 software to .lnhn L. Van Winkle passes by. But be careful! As a ribbon gets edgies take� less time. As an added benefit take advantage of the expanded and more Wickenburg, Arizona used, it gets physically worn and ultimately t�e stability�ained by: w9rki ng with sevetal efficient instruction set of the 63B09E. Chris physically tears, often catching a pin from '!>ages ai 9ncebelps yo.ir ;r�move� ,«Igles · Burke claims that block moves can be Tandy no longer stocks CoCo l or 2 the print head and destroying the print head. more neatly andaccurat ely. speeded up 400percent using the 63B09E A motherboards. Even when they did. This is an especiallynasty problem with 24- at the standard 1 .89 MHzclock r ate with the such things were not at all economical to pin printers whose print heads have espe­ 63B09E in native 6309 mode. Since any purchase from Tandy. lnb ig cities, at occa- cially tiny, delicate print pins. THE RAINBOW September 1992 15

6309 From Cover The is one of the last micro­ from Hitachi was designed using the mi­ When power isfirst applied to the 6309. processors designed in such a fashion. crocode approach. I suspect after the engi­ it wakes up in the emulation (6809)mode in NMOS (Negative Metal Oxide Silicon) In 1977 when the 6809 was being de­ neers at Hitachi finished the microcode to which all 6809-type instructions are exe­ technology. Chips constructed using NMOS signed, more and more developers of CPUs allow the 6309 to perfectly emulate the cuted in the same number of cycles as technology areknown for being relatively were using what is called microcode for Motorola 6809 , they found there was a lot would be with a true 6809. (Still, this mode powerhungry, and the6�BU9Ein the CoCo chip design. ln this approach, a few very of space left in the internal ROM. They supports the powerful extra instructions for consumes nearly a tenth of an Ampere, or simple instructions are actually hard wired apparently used this space wisely and added the extr'.t registers, fast movement of data, I 00m illiamps. inside the processor, and code is placed in a number of extra registers (see Figure 1) and so on. The extra instructions should be Since the 6809 wa' originally introduced permanent ROM within the CPU. 'Thjs code and a great number of extra instructions. present in all 6309 ·chips, even when they and gaine

BoiP lje � BoiPlje JWT Enterprises P.O. Box 733 Maple Valley, WA 98038 U.S. ORDER DESK: (800)237-2409 OotjmjzeO UtilitySet1: ptimize your disks by eliminating fr agmented files lNT'L & TECHNICAL: and compacting your directories for fa ster file nccess. Running time averages one (206) 432-1 81 4 hour. Also Includes a utility to assess file fragmentation and directory fragmenta­ tion as well as excess directory padding. Can work In conjunction with Burke & I/UN OS9 LEVEL 2 VIS/Bl Y FA STEii - GET A Burke's repru:kutility. Look fo r upcoming review In Rainbow. $29.95; Foreign 129. 95 PO WERBOOST FR OM BURKE & BURKE! Postage, add $3.00 You can - the difference in OS9 Level 2 when you install tho PowerBoost kit from Optjmjze llti!itySet Contains two programs to check the Integrity of your 2; Burke & Burke. It iocludes the amazing Hilaehi HD63B09E microprocenor, a 1003 disks. Detect and correct any directory or file structure errors. Run periodically compalible bigh-petfonna.nce replacement for your CoCo 3' MC6&B09E. Using the and before any opltmiza.tlons to insure the reHabtltty of your data. Look for upcom­ ing review In Rainbow. $19.95; Foreign Pootqe, add $3.00 HD63B09E'1 added registers and bi1h-apeed imtruction set, block moves and other fuoctiom are up lo �x u full Tho Po..... Booot kit includes Burlte & Burke's Combination of both optlmlze sets. Purc hasers of Optimjze lJti!jtySetPac: Powerllooot aoftwa.re, which modifiea your OS9 Level 2 operaling system for fUler the Op timizeUr.ility Set I can upgrade for $9.96 with proof of purchase. $39.95; multi-tukinl, pphics , and diak UO when llliJlll the HD63B09E. SOLDERINO IS Foreign Postage, add $4.00 REQUIRED TO INS"!'ALL THE HD63B09E. Njne-Jjmes; Each Issue contains: 9 helpfu l and useful programs to help build Po 1nr8oostw/ (HIJ63809E Sa/l:wlln! for OS9) $29. 9..f your OS-9 library • Instructions, examples, and samples of Baslc09 procedures and subroutines to hrjp with your own programs and your understanding of The 6309 Book by Chris Buriler I [ljsassembler I Debull"l"r patches for up and running, as we ll as lips on using it with a nun disk or hard disk • All HD63B09E. REQUIRED 'ASM' ASSEMBLER, 'DEBUO' DEBUGOER, AND HD63B09E graphic/joystick Interface forcase of use. One Year Subscription, $34.95; Canadian Postage, add $1.00; Foreign Postage, add $8.00 MICROPROCESSOR NOT INCLUDED. T/J e 63 09 Book(In cludes Back Issues:Available from the May 1989 issue. Please write for Information disk with developme.orl.ools for O.S'!l) $24. 9..f on Back Issue contents. $7.00 each; Fo�ign Postage, add $2.00 each $29 .'l..f WO!lLIJ CLA.."nwr $29. 95 $39 95 graphic presentation shell is being provided as an Informational tool. Included is /?. S. 8. ·• -- Disk BASIC for Level 2 (BASICROM nyuired) the actual Basic09 source code and compiled modules on disk, as well as docu· $1.9. 9..f EZOEN1. 09-· Httndy&po werfu1 0S9bootlile <'fllior mentation and a printed copy of the source code. $25.95; Foreign Postage, add - 9..f $5.00 ZCLOCK CantiLl uous lim t>/ d11te displny onLevel screen2 $9. COCVXT -- Use PC.l"url dlive 1t/ Co Co / OS9 S'Win cl. $699.f (A. dd$30for/le1tl-Ti.me aock. Add$20for11uto-bootROM) JWT Enterprises Tu hni<.d ,\.·,�ht..'"Uh1...· & lnquirio;,�: lfR:.\ (216).758·7694 5755 Lockwood Blvd. RAINBOW WA RESIDENTS ADD 8.23 SALES TAX. MasterCard & VISA accepted. U.S. COD's add Youngstown, OH 44512 $3.7�. Min. U.S. shipping $4.00. Min. lo Canada $S.OO. Please allow 2 weeksfor �,.,-...... :i...._u..s, .,_.__cw.a.io._A11�.Jwm•i-:a. delivery. Overnighl or 2nd- day available for in-stock items. Software uppdes Sorry. no C.O.D.'s or trtd ll card$; foreign & Canadian orders. please use U.S. money orders. $5.00 each w/receipt, including U.S. shipping. U.S. checks. allow 6-8 weeks for receipt of first lssue/back lssue. Call or write for a. free catalog of more exciting Color Computer products! 16 September 1992 THE RAINBOW

the extra propenies of the 6309 around tures mentioned here (on which Power­ Thus, it's possible that some production replacement. THE RArNBOW intends to fol­ April or May of 1992. when a document Boost depends). it would seem likely that runs of the 6309 will work fine as 6809's low this subject closely. and you can expect from Japan was circulated on Internet and this wil I be the case. Chris pointed o\11 tbat but exhibit problems when used in rhe na­ much discussion of the 6309 to take place in Delphi. the 63B09E is relatively inexpensive. so tive mode or to execute the cxcra instruc­ my "CoCo Consultations" column. One question knowledgeable hardware interested panies might consider buying tions. This too is a theoretical possibility tinkerers will ask is, "Can we count on more than one 6309 to assure continued that 1 think is not all that likely to be a Hitachj keeping these extra features in fu­ ac cess to its features. problem in practice. Martin H. Goodman, MD., a physician ture production runs of the 6309, given that It' s also possible tbat Motorola would these extra features are not officially docu­ get sufficiently upset over what Hitachi did trained in anesrhesiology, is a longtime electronics outspoken com· mented?" Chris Burke addressed this issue to improve the 6309 that it would institute The Future? tinkerer and mentator - sort of the Howard Cose/I of inh ls seminar on the 6309 and PowerBoost legal action to prevent the sale of the chip. We 've already taken a brief look at the the world. Delphi, the at the Chicago 1992 CoCofest. Chris noted However, with the 6809 being such a tiny 6309 's performance advantages. but the CoCo On Marry is S!Gop of SIG. Hi.< that in order to pull the new features from fraction of Motorola's business, this seems question as to whether or not the 6309 will Tiff' RAINROW's Coco non·computer passions include running, the 6309, Hitachi would have to recreate highly un likely at this time. catch on as a replacement microprocessor moumaineering and photography. the n;ask of the chip, costing them a good One more thing to remember: Since the in privately owned CoCos remains unan­ outdoor Marty California. deal of money. Thu s, although there is no extra features of the 6309 are not officially swered. Further, no one can at this time be lives in San Pabfn, guarantee future production runs of the documented, I would imagine they are also certain there are not undiscovered disad­ Hitachi 6309 will continue to have the fea- not tested in quality control at Hitachi. vantages (or more advantages) to such

Also, the patches developed so fa r for Disk it should be possible to write machine­ some of his products (specifically CBASTC - Is the 6309 for OS 9 BASIC use only the emulation mode and are language programs to fuUy use the power and Windows) to take advantage of the somewhat limited in bene fit. built into the 6309. In support of this, Bill 6309. Only? Tt is possible to take advantage of the Vergona (of Cer·Comp, Ltd.) bas been It will be interesting in the coming Totake advantage of the 6309's fe atures 6309'snative mode by entering a few simple working diligently on an assembler specifi­ months to sec if other software vendors under OS-9 Level !I. one need only update pokes, and you can gain the benefit of, cully designed for use with the 6309 micro­ follow suit. rewriting existing applications the operating system · s modules. Because perhaps, a 15-percem increase in through­ processor. Al press-tjme, Bill said the as­ and building new ones for the 6309 (we are of OS-9's modulari ty, performance in­ put. However, unless you also change the sembler is 95-percent complete. He expects not currently aware of any others who have creases staning at this level are automati· imerrupt routines in Disk BASIC, the system it to retail for$59.95,the same price as Cer­ already patched commerci alprod ucts). We cal ly reflected elsewhere - by applica­ will cra'h with any anempt to execute sound Comp's ex isting assemblerforrhe CoCo I, imagine this. too, willdepend on the amoum tions software. This is not so under Disk functions, send or receive data through the 2 and 3. Once that project is finished, if of interest CoCo users show in the 6309. BASIC because Disk BASIC software spends rear serial port or perform disk 1/0. enough interest in the 6309 (and software most of its execution time in ti s own code. Once such patches are in place, though, for it) exists. Bill will con sider redesigning

s e� o �, J ___ . yet seen _ S�c:;·ig the Powe.tB Chris, ihe patches IJe· t ti · app roai;h ilASIC (a the . me- of ly speed ve existi11g 6809, f on a small differ - . ihe with a63B09E"l .. insia/Wio11 st!lliequires hardware skilts.] A CoCo 3 -- run BASICjust fine. And in t�oory,,pa\c)les Whicheyerm e1hodyou c�oose. after the ' similar to those forOS-9 co uld he'made to 68B09E is rep10.ved. you proceedto lristall Disk BASIC (the same way cur� the 40-pin socket included Power­ ADOS- 'f. with, rently patches the systemJ. How�ver, r Boost. Once the $ocket is installed, you can imagine such patches. wonlf· Iinle install the 63B09Eand beon yout way. significance in most qise�; bec�S!! most Those fo lks with l · or 2-Meg upgrades -Marty GOOdman Disk BASIC software spends most ofits.time will have to be especially creative When - in itsow nc6de and ·. · · - - - · installing the PowerBoost,' as the metnor)' Disk BASIC rou . upgradeis already soldered to the 68B09E. •••••••••••••• .. " usea 63"09witli The quickes� way. to handle thi.s wouli{ becto desoldec the memory board fromthe exiw ___ i.ng 68B09E chip, install socket, · " the ttim .soldetthe the memoryboard to the 63BOC?E - chip ahd plug that intQ. tbti s.ockej. '"'� . . A far nIC1re elegant,rellable, and e�-t9: : Need Relief ? :S�ice appfoach' woitlciinvolve ifl'iristfitct;;� ~ THE RAINBOW September 1992 17

The Assembly Line x - (x 2 - 2)/2 FIND YOUR ROOTS LI x 2-2=0

�ary to the image that may have cussed the Mandelbrot and Julia sets, we V \.....,f o.:;;,;d in your mind upon reading the solved this problem using complex num­ title above, this month's installment deals bers:because they 're two--Oimensional, they not with geneology but with determining fit right into our root-solving equation. (Try the roots of an equation (at what points the to solve x2+ 1=0 using our present method!) function equals zero). This is one of the A complex numberZ is made up ofar eal oldest problems in matbematics. While there pan x and an imaginary partyi (i represents is no one method that always produces the square root of-I). Now let's tryt o solve correct results, there are several popular Z2+2=0 with a guess of x= I and yi=l. Our methods that eventually solve equations to bener guess for Z will be (Z2-2)/2Z. Since a reasonable degree. ln this article I'll dis­ Z=x+yi, this reduces to ((x'-y'-2)+2\'yi )/ cuss just one of these methods and use (2x+2yi), a complex number divided by graphics to demonstrate the results. another complex number. To save you time, The Newton/Raphson method of deter­ a complex number A+Bi/C+Di results in a mining roots starts with an approximation new real number of the forrn (AC+BD)/ (or guess) of the correct answer and keeps (CC+DD) and a new imaginary number of applying an iteration formula to the original i(BC-AD)/(CC+DD). value to produce new approximations. These Thisdivision gives us anew real number new values will either approach one of the (RR=O) and a new imaginary number(II= !) roots, bound off ro infinity or oscillate be­ which shou Id be closer to the correct solu­ tween two values. (A computer program tion. We have to compare the differences can include checks to weed out the last two between the old and new real numbers and cases.) The formula simply states that a the old and new imaginarynumbers. lfeach better value is equal to the previous value, is less thanth e tolerance(1 use .000I) then minus the function divided by it's deriva­ Z is a root of the eq uation. Using these tive. (The derivative of Al� is nA.x'"'; for n;� values, a better result is RR=O and example, the derivative of x2 is 2x.) Il= l .5. RR willcontinue to equal zero while Let's try a quick example and solve the IT will approach a root. t Save Money Too! equa ion x2-2=0 using an approximation of To grnphically demonstrate this proce­ Subscribe to these convenient servicesand receive each month's programs in a ready-to­ I for an answer. The method says that a dure, the program checks all the values run lorm. No more long ledious hours wasted typing!N o more red eyes and sore fingers! All bener guess is x-(x2-2)/2x or, rearranging between, for example, -1 and + 1 in the real you do is load and run. using the current issue of THE RAINBOW as documentation. terms (x'-+2)/2x. Trying our guess of 1 yields (x) ec o I imaginary dir ti n and -1 and + in the OS-9 programs are available too! One side of the RAINBOW ON DISK is formatted for the a new value of 1.5. Using this value in the (y)direc tion. Each point is be iterated up to OS-9 operating system (OS-9 programs cannot be put on tape) so you can get all the great pro­ sume equation we et better of l .42; SO times. Whenever the parts of a are g a value z.,.. grams In the magazine. substituting again produces 1.414. Each almost the same as the the point is set zold' A one-year subscription to THE RAINBOW and RAINBOW ON TAPE is only $91 in the U.S.. successive step gets us closer to the answer. if the iteration count is even. The machine­ $108 in Canada, $153 foreign surtace rate and $188 foreign airmail. So when do we stop? language program shown in Listing 3 car­ A one·year subscription to THE RAINBOW and RAINBOW ON DISK is only $115in the U.S., At the beginning of any program for ries this out using a few short-cuts, which $138 in Canada, $183 foreign surtace rate and $218 foreign airmail. U.S. currency only.Back determining roots. you need to define a are explained in the source code. After issues of both RAINBOW ON TAPE and RAINBOW ON DISK are also available! (see our back tolerance value. When the absolute differ­ you've entered the assembly-language list­ issue ad in this issue) ence between two successive results is less ing, save it using W ROOTS . ASM and as­ RAINBOW ON TAPE back issuesare available beginning with the April 1982 issue. A single than the tolerance. stop; that's close enough semble it using A ROOTS.BlN /NS/WE. copy of RAINBOW ON TAPE is $10 within the U.S .. $12 in all other countries. The annual sub­ to the answer. The BASIC program shown in Listing 2 scription for RAINBOW ON TAPE is $BO within the U.S.; $90 in Canada; and $105 for all other Now suppose we had used -I as our reads your eq ation and pokes the neces­ u countries. U.S. currency only. guess. This time the results would approach sary values into the correct locations. Save RAINBOW ON DISK back issues are available beginning with the October 1986 issue. A -1.414. yo r equation gets more compli­ this program as ROOTS . BAS. Since the pro­ As u single copy of RAINBOW ON DISK is $12 within the U.S.. $14 in Canada, $16 in all other count­ cated you can't predict what initial value gram can graph to fifth-degree equa­ up ries. The annual subscription for RAINBOW ON DISK is $99 within the U.S.; $115 in Canada; will lead to which root. How many Limes tions, besu re to in the blank coefficients fill and $130 for all other countries. U.S. currency only. you want to keep iterating is up to you. I with zeros. Follow the six coefficients with ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• stop after 50 times since most values have the starting x coordinate, the total x dis­ reached a root by then (except for the ones tance, the startingy coordinate and the total Yes! Sign me up for a joint 1-year subscription (12 issues) to: that oscil late). And since division is in­ y distance. The program asks if you want a i::l THE RAINBOW 0 THE RAINBOW volved, we'll always have Lo enwre the small (64-by-64),medium (128-by-128)or and Rainbow on Tape and Rainbow on Disk demoninator (the derivative) is never zero. large (255-by-191) display. ONew o Renewal (attach labels) In DATA statements, I've included some Name On With the Program equations you might try. Notice that I used 1 decided to show the results of root the MKNH ) command instead of VARPTR( l; Address vari determination graphically based on how in this way, we don't have to define ­ City long it takes a value to reach a root. Since ables at the beginning of the program. State Zip my program uses PMODE4 with only two Don't look for any great speed in this colors. I have it plot a point only when it type of program; with up to SO iterations per 0 My check in theamoun1 of is enclosed. reaches a root iiild the iteration point and over 49 000 points, it takes a count is . Charge to: 0 VISA 0 MasterCard 0 American Express even. This gives the illusion of a contour while to draw. I would put the high-speed Account Number �---- map. The BASIC program shown in Listing poke in Line 220 and the normal-speed 1 is a short demonstration that graphs the poke at the end of Line 230. Use the smaller Expira1ion Date ____ Signature roots of the equation x'-255x+ 14450. When (faster) display first to find an equation you A For creditcard orders, call (800)847-0309, 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. EST. ll other Inquiries you run it, you 'II see that some values like, then usethe medium or large setting to call(502) 228 -4492. produce a root very quickly while others increase it. You can zoom in on a portion by • Payment must accompany order; we do not bill. U.S. currency only, please. take much longer. But that's just a one­ changing the x and y locations and dis- Kentucky residents add 6% sales tax; Canadian residents, 7% GST. Please allow dimensional graph. How can we use ay axis 6 to 8 weeks for delivery of first copies. All subscriptions begin with the current and get a two-dimensional contour map? Issue. W l ol RAINBOW ON TAPE RAINBOWON DISK ln previo us articles in which we dis- (Continued) Please note : hi e group purchases and are permitted(and multiple subscriptions are even discounted ii purchased in one order from a club) , no license to make copies Is conveyed or Implied. Unauthorized copying of any copyright product is strictly illegal. ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 18 September 1992 THE RAINBOW

Listing 2: ROOTS

ranee;. You might want to add 1 >this pro­ 10 CLEAR200, &H6000 gram the zoom routine fr om my anicle rn If PEEKC&H60AD)<>204 THEN LOA about Julia sets (February 1991, Page 30). OM"'ROOTS"' : POKE&HFF40 .0 30 CLS: PRJNT'" SlZE OF DISPLAY •. Do You Rest , " mal " .." edi um",," < l L>arge" 40 A$-lNKEYS :IF A$-"'" THEN 40 Bill Nee bucked rlre snowbird rrend by 50 JF A$-"S" THEN SX-64: SY-64 retiring to Wisconsin fr om a hanking ca­ 60 lF Al-"M" THFN SX-1 ?8 : SY-1 ?8 70 IF Al-"L" THEN SX-256:SY-192 reer in Florida . The of Easy at Night? success his 13-part 80 READ N:POKHH6000 .N: 'DEGREE 0 series, "Mad1i11e Language Made BASIC" F EOUATI ON (July 1988 to July 1989), prompted him to 90 READ CS :A-CS : LD-&H6067 : GDSUB3 cominue writing articles abow Color 20 Computer machine-language program­ 100 READ C4 : A-C4: LO-&H606C : GO SUB 320 ming. atRowe 2, Box You may comactBill 110 READ C3:A-C3:LO-&H607 l:GOSUB 2/6C, Mason, WT54856-9302 , (7/5) 746- 320 2952. Please include an SASE when re­ 120 READ C2:A-C2 : LO-&H607 6:GOSUB ��� questing a reply . 320 130 READ Cl: A-Cl: LO-&H607 B:GO SUB � 320 140 READ C0:A-C0: LO-&H6080 :GOSUB 320 150 READ XC: A-XC: LO-&H600E: GOSUB .---_....,..--__, ______-::----.---t 320 : READ X 0 YC:A-YC:LO-&H6018:GOSU� � ;/€4K t>lsk' •"'' . j 160 READ • t 320 : READ YD 170 XS-XO/ SX : A-XS : LO-&H6013 : GOSU Listing 1: BASROOTS B 320:lf A$-" L" THEN sx-sx -1 180 YS-Y D/SY :A-YS:LO-&H601D:GOSU 10 PMOOE4 .1:PCLS : SCREEN! , 1 B 320:IF Al-'" L" THEN SY-SY -1 20 FOR X-0 TO 255: A-X 190 POKE&H 6022 . 0: POKE&H6023 . SX 30 FOR Z-0 TO 50 200 POKE&H6024 . 0: POKE&H6025, SY 40 DE-2*A 255: IF DE-0 TliEN 90 210 PMODE4 , 1:COLDR0 ,5: PCLS : SCREE 50 RR-A*A -14450 Nl.l:POKE&HB5 ,0 60 AA-RR/DE 220 'YOUR FAST POKE 70 IF ABS CA-AA)<.0001 THEN 100 230 EXEC &H60AD: 'SLOW POKE 80 A-AA :NEXT Z 240 GOTO 240 90 NEXT X 250 DATA 3,0.0,4,0.-3.0,-1,2.-1. 99 GOTO 99 2 100 UNEC X.96)-(X.96-8*Zl .PSET 260 'OATA 3.0.0.1.0.0. -1.-1.2.-1 110 GOTO 90 ,2 270 'OATA 4.0. 5.4, 3 . 2. 1. · l , 2. -1. 2 280 'DATA 4.0.5.4.3.2.1. .7 ..5. THE RAINBOW is the only publication that offers peace of mind to CoCo 2 1 ' users. Members of the CoCo Community have always looked to THE RAIN­ 290 'DATA 4.0.B.0.-8.0.1,-1.2.-1 .2 BOW for comfort - hints, tips, the latest news and communication with 300 'DArA 5. 1. 0. 0. 0. 0, 1. - 2 , 4. -z, others - for their Tandy Color Computers. ' THE RAI NBOW continues to serve and support CoCo users, from 310 'DATA 5 . 1 6.0.- 20 . 0 . 5 . 0.- 1.2 , -1.2 beginners to the advanced, by covering the wide variety of topics affecting 320 Z$-MKN$C A) the Coco Community. Looking for games? Telecommunications pack­ 330 FOR N-1 TO 5:POKE LO+N-1. ASC ages? Finance programs? Interested in helpful utilities? Hands-on hard­ CMIDHZI.N.1 )):NEXT: RETURN ware projects? Want to take the guesswork out of buying software and hardware? From Disk BASIC to OS-9, TH E RAINBOW has the answers to all your Coco questions. Get rid of your nightmares by renewing your subscription today. THE RAINBOW - the best security blanket for a good night's rest. Listing 3: ROOTS , 00100 AOO FOU $89C? 001 10 SUB EQU $8989 Use our 800 number! 00120 MUL EQU !BACA 00130 DIV $BB8F For credit card orders, you may phone in your subscription. Our credit EQU 00140 Xl EQU IBE card order number is (800) 847-0309, 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. EST. We accept VISA, 00150 Yl EOU sea MasterCard and American Express.All other inquiries call (502) 228-4492. 00160 001 1 0 MOVE MACRO 00180 LOO \0 ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 00190 STO \1 00200 LDD \0+2 Yes! Please send me RAIN BOW Magazine. 00210 STO \1+2 00220 LOB \0+4 Choose one: :i New Q Renew (anach l bel) a 00230 STB \1+4 :i One Year $31 - 35% off cover price 00240 EMDM :i Two Year $58 - 39% off cover price 00250 CJ One Year $79 - 44% off cover price 00260 ZERO IT MACRO 00270 LOO j/0 Which Tandy Color Computer do you use? 00280 LOX #RI CLEAR Rl .ll,R2,12 00290 STD .X++ :i Coco OCoCo 2 -.ICoCo 3 1 00300 STO ,X++ Name 00310 STD ,X++ 00320 STD .X++ Address 00330 STO .X++ City State ZIP 00340 STD ,X++ 00350 STO .X++ My check in the amount of is enclosed. 0 00360 STD ,X+-+ Charge to: OVISA 0 MasterCard 0 American Express 00370 STD ,X++ 00380 STD . x Account Number 00390 EMOM Expiration Date ___ Signature 00400 004 10 COMP MACRO Subscriptions to THE RAINBOW are $31a year in the United States. Canadian rate is 00420 LOX #10 $38 plus 7% GST (U.S. funds only). Surface rate elsewhere is $68 (U.S.). Non-U.S. 00430 JSR $BC14 subscribers must inquire about mufti·year discount. Airmail is $103 (U.S.). Kentucky 00440 L OX illl residents add 6% sales tax All subscriptions begin with the current issue. Please allow 00450 JSR SUB 6 to 8 weeks for the first copy. In order to hold down non-editorial costs, we do not bill. 00460 LOA $4F EXPONENT 00470 CMPA #114 For credit card orders, call (800) 847-0309, 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. EST. Ail other inquiries 00480 8111 12 NOT TOLERANCE call (502) 228-4492. W!TfllN ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• DELPHI - The �1 per hour online solution!

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800-695-4005 • 617-491-3393 20 September 1992 THE RAINBOW

00490 ENDM 01560 Rl RMB 5 00500 01570 ll RMB 5 005 1 0 TERMl MACRO 01580 R2 RMB 5 00520 *ALL REAL TERMS 01590 [2 RMB s 00530 LOX R\l 01600 DE RMB 5 00540 JSR 18C14 01610 RR RMB 5 00550 LOX D\2 01620 l l RMB 5 00560 JSR MUL 01630 TEMP RHa 5 00570 LOX i\0 01640 CJ RHB 5 About 00580 JSR IBC35 016511 C6 RHB 5 00590 LOX f\3 01660 cs RHB 5 110600 JSR SBCl4 01670 C4 RHB 5 Yo ur 006111 LOX #\4 01680 CJ RMB 5 00620 JSR HUL 91690 C2 RHB 5 Subscription 00630 LOX f\0 91700 Cl RHB 5 110640 JSR SUB 91710 C0 RHB 5 IBE 00650 LOX f\8 01720 RT2 RHB 5 Your copy of RAINBOW is 110660 JSR IBC35 01738 I T2 RHB 5 sen1 second class mail. You 00670 EHOH 01 740 RT3 RHB 5 must notify usof a new address 00680 011�0 113 RHB � 00690 TERH2 MACRO 01760 RT4 RHB 5 wht:n yuu move. Noti licalion 00700 •AU EVEN IMAGINARY T£RHS 01770 IT4 RMB 5 should reach us no later than 00710 LOB #2 01780 R-5 RHB 5 007211 JSR SBC7C 01790 1-5 RHB 5 the 15lhof the month prior to 007311 LOX #\I 01880 the month in which you change 00740 JSR HUL 01B10 s-An LOO #0 00758 LOX f\2 01820 Ll STD ACROSS your address.Sorry, we cannot 00760 JSR HUL 018311 JSR SB4F4 be respon ible for sending 00770 LOX #\0 01840 LOX IX SCALE 00780 JSR SBC35 01850 JSR HUL another copy when you fail to 00790 E"OH 01 868 LOX IXCORN notify us. 00800 01870 JSR ADD also 011818 TERH3 MACRO 01880 LOX #XX Your mailing label 00820 *ALL ODO IMAGINARY TERMS 018911 JSR sBC35 XX-XC+H*XS shows an account number and 011830 LOX #\I 0191111 the subscription expiration 008t0 JSR SBC14 01910 LOO Bil 008511 LOX f\2 01920 L2 STD DOWN date. Please indicate this ac­ 00860 JSR HUL 01930 JSR SB�F4 count number when renewing 00870 LOX 1\0 01940 LOX OYSCALE 00880 JSR 18C35 01950 JSR MU L or corresponding with us. It 008911 LOX l\3 01960 LOX UY CORN will help us help you belier aml 00900 JSR IBC14 01970 JSR ADO 00910 LUX 11\4 01980 LUX I/ BB faster. 011920 JSR MUL 01990 JSR IBC35 BB-YC+v•vs ForCanadian and other non­ 009311 LOX #\0 02000 MOVE XX .AA AA-XX 009•0 JSR ADD 02010 U .S. subscribers. there may be 00950 LOX ll\0 02020 LDB l/ 50 ITERATION COUNT a mailing address shown that is 00960 JSR IBC35 02030 STB Tr MES 009 70 JSR SBC35 02040 L3 ZERO TT different from our editorial 00980 ENOM 02050 office address. Send your cor­ 009911 02060 GETRT2 TERM! RT2 ,AA.AA .OB. 00 respondence to our of­ 01000 TERM4 MACRO 02070 GETIT2 TERM2 rT2.AA.BB e

02630 LDX llAA 03150 LOX ll DE 02640 JSR MUL 03160 JSR SBC14 02650 LOX llR2 03170 LOX 11 11 02660 JSR ADD 03180 JSR DIV 02670 LOX il Cl 03190 LOX 11 1 2 02680 JSR ADD 03200 JSR MUL 02690 LOX il R2 03210 LOX ii RR 02700 JSR 5 BC35 03220 JSR ADD 02710 LOA R2 03230 LOX i/ RR 02720 CMPA l/ 184 03240 J S R SBC35 RR-Rl•RZ+ll*IZ 02730 L BH J L5 03250 02740 12A TST C5 03260 GETl I LOX I/ DE COMPUTE NEW !MAGI NARY TERM 02750 BEO I2B 03270 JSR SBC14 02760 TERM4 I2.S.C5.IT4 03280 LOX ll R2 02770 126 TST C4 03290 JSR DIV 02780 BEO I 2C 03300 LOX 11 11 02790 TERM4 l 2.4 • C4 • IT3 03310 JSR MUL 02800 12C TST C3 03320 LOX I/ II 02810 BEO I20 03330 JSR S BCJS 02820 TERM4 I 2. 3 • C3. I T2 03340 LOX I/ DE 02830 1 2 0 TERM4 I2.2.C2,BB 03350 JSR SBC14 02840 LOA I2 03360 LOX ll RI 02850 CMPA 11 184 03370 JSR DIV 02860 LBHI L5 03380 LOX 11 !2 02870 03390 JSR MUL 02880 GErnE I OX // RZ COMPUTE THE DENOMINATOR 03400 LOX II I! 02890 JSR SBC14 034le JSR SUB 02900 LOX ll RZ 03420 LOX I/ II 02910 JSR MUL 03430 JSR SBC35 II-R2*Il-Rl*I2 02920 LOX ll OE 03440 02930 JSR SBC35 03450 TESTA COMP AA ,RR.L4 COMPARE REAL OLD AND NEW 02940 LOX 11 12 03460 COMP BB. I l, L4 COMPARE IMAGINARY OLD AND NEW 02950 JS� S�C14 03470 EVEN TIMES.LS 02960 LOX 11 12 03480 PSET ACROSS, DOWN 02970 JSR MU L 03490 BRA LS 02980 LOX I/ DE 03500 L4 HOV E RR . AA AA NOW - RR 02990 JSR ADD 03510 HOV E 1 I.BB AND BB-I I 03000 LOX I/ DE 03520 OEC TIMES 03010 JSR SBC35 DE•R2*R2+l2* I2 03530 LBNE L3 03020 LOA S4F DENOM I NA TOR'S EXPON ENT 03540 03030 LD[Q L5 BRANCH IF ZERO 03550 L5 LOO DOWN 03040 • CMPA // 152 OPTIONAL CHECK 03560 ADDO Il l 03050 • LBHS LS TO SEE IF TOO LARGE 03570 CMPD WID 03060 03580 LBLS LZ 03070 GETRR LOX llDE COMPUTE NEW REAL TERM 03590 LOO ACROSS 03080 JSR SBC14 03600 ADDO Il l 03090 LOX l/ Rl 03610 CMP D LEN 03100 JSR DIV 03620 LBLS L l 03110 LOX // R? 03630 RTS 03120 JSR MUL 03640 03130 LOX ll RR 03650 END START 0314e JSR SBC35 �

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JWT Enterprises 5755 Lockwood Blvd. Yo ungstown, OH 445 12 22 September 1992 THE RAINBOW

F1atur11 Program T ! 410 HLIN[(0,96)-(320.96l.PSET The Listing: GRA PH IT 420 HCOLOR 3, 4 430 FOR X--160 TO 0 10 'GRAPH IT 440 GOSUB 650 20 'BY RICK ST . JOHN 450 IF Y-999 THEN 470 ELSE DS-"B 30 'COPYRIGHT (C) 1992 M"+STRS ( l 60+X )+" . "+STRS (IN T ( 96+Y 40 'BY FA LSOFT. INC . )) 50 'RAINBOW MAGAZINE 460 DRAW DI : G-X : GOTO 480 100 RGB :WIDTH40 :CLS5: POKE65497 ,0 470 NEXT X 110 PALETTE9 ,B:PALETIEl , 5B 480 FOR X-G TO 0 120 ATTRl ,4 490 GOSUB 650 130 LOCATE7 ,2:PRINT"St . John Sof 500 IF Y-999 THEN 520 tware Presents ..." 510 IF V-1 TH EN HLINE-(I60+X , 96+ 140 LOCATE16,5:PRINT" -GRAPHIT-" Yl,PSE T ELSE HS ETC 160+X ,96+Y , 7) 150 LOCATE12.B:PR1NT"Copyr1ght ( 520 NEXT X C) 1988" 530 FDR X-0 TO 160 160 LOCATE13,10:PRINT"By Rick St 540 GOSUB 650 . John" 550 IF Y-999 THEN 570 170 ATTR7 .4,B 560 IF V-1 TH EN HLINE-(160+X , 96+ 1B0 LOCATE13,17 :PRINT"V Vector Y),PSET ELSE HSET( l60+X , 96+Y ,7) 570 NEXT X 190 LOCATE13,19:PRINT"P Points 580 POKE 65496 , 0 only"; 590 FS-INKEYS :IFFl-CHRl(l3) THEN 200 ATTR3 ,4 RUN . ELSE 590 ************************** 210 PR!NT 600 220 ATTRl ,4 610 '*REPLACE LlNE 650 WITH AN* 230 Fl-IN KEYS : IF Fl-"V" OR Fl-"v 620 '*EQUATION IN TERMS OF Y&X* * * " THEN V-1 ELSE lF FS-" P" OR Fs� 630 ' EX : 650 Y-.025*X'2+X-B0 '************************** "p" THEN V-0 ELSE 230 640 ever o screen. The in ave you been d ing your grapb of the function appears 240 ATTR7 .4.8 650 Y-90*Sl N ( 300*0 math homework and fo und red. 250 LOCATE13.17:PRINT" Grid? (y 660 Y--1 *Y Hyourself thinking, only could sec a You may find it helpful to grapb the In)" 670 IF Y+96<0 OR X+l60<0 OR Y+96 "If 1 260 ATTR3 ,4 graph of that equation ...?" So you pull out funtion using both vectors and points, and >191 OR X+l60>320 THEN Y-999 270 PRINT :PRINT 6B0 RETURN some graph paper w r wh w wit and without the grid. and get to o k - e l h Press ENTER 280 ATTRl ,4 Graphltis a CoCo 3 program that takes care aftert he graph is drawn to return to the title 290 Fl-IN KEH : IF FS-"N" OR FS-" n of the tedious part for you. Graph/I can plot screen, at which point you can graph the " THEN HCOLOR 1.4:HSCREEN 2:CLS : vinually any function in terms of x and y in function again using different selections. GOTO 390 ELSE IF FS<>"Y" AND Fl< )"y" THEN 290 which y has "solved for. " (Such a function to graphed is stored in been The be 300 HCDLOR I. 4 t function is in the formy=f(x) .) Line 650. You can modify this line to graph 310 HSCREEN 2 Enter the program as listed, then save it nearly any equation. The allowable range(x 320 CLS to tape or disk before running it. As written, values) is - l 60through 160, and the domain 330 FOR X-5 TO 315 STEP 5 340 HL!NECX.0)-(X,191).PSET Graph/I is designed use with an RGB values) is -96 through 96. Each pixel for (y 350 NEXT X monitor. The display colors may bediffer­ represents one integral increment on the 360 FOR Y-6 TO 1B6 STEP 5 ent when the program is use d with a color coordinate plane. 370 HL!NE(0,Y)-(320,Y),PSET composite monitor. When you enter RUN, I've included several functions you might 380 NEXT you'll see the title screen and be prompted want to use for experimenting with Graphlt 390 HCOLOR B, 4 400 HLINE060.0)-(160,191 ),PSET tochoose whether you wantthe graph drawn (see Figure I). When entering an equation, using veclors or points only. Ifyou press P, always remember to use an asterisk (*) for inte. gral solutions to the function are plot· multiplication. a slash (/) for division and ted Selecting the Vector option results in a an up arrow to raise x to a power. Experi­ +---+.'-· graph using the straightest possible lines ment with algebraic equations such as lines . * * between consecutive solutions giving an (Y-M*X+B), parabolas ( Y-A X' 2+8 X+C ) and estimation of how the non-integral solu­ trigonometric functions (SIN, COS and TAN). tions would appear. TI1is may diston the 650 v-x resulting graph in some cases but can be 650 Y-X'2 very useful at times. At the second prompt you are asked 650 Y- .5*X'3+XA2+2AX-50 whetheror not you want a background grid. Rick St. John befia!l writing programs If you press Y. a IO-by- 10-pixel grid is for the Color Computer when he was in the 650 Y-SIN ( Xl drawn in palegreen. Generally such a back­ third grade. He is currently a junior at ground is helpful as. it puts the graph in a Stanfo rd University and is majorin!i in 650 Y-40*SlN(X) frame of reference In conjunction with the political science. Rick can be co111acred at I Figure Alllfnats Functions Points Only option, however, it may be a 2131 Glacier Lane, Santa Maria, CA 93455. 1 1: source of eyestrain. ineither case, thex and Please. include an SASE when requesting a y axes are drawn in black at the center of the reply

your boot disk and type save /dd/cmds/ save the commands in small groups on disk, two groups, continue using a third, fourth or save; attr /dd/cmds /save pe pw pr e and then to merge allof tbe temporary files however many it takes. Once all of the w r. A l , lternative y you can download a together. Iny our case you want Lo replace modules are sa vt:shell bsave.b09 program shown in Listing l. load dirm attr shel l pe pw pr e w r Merging Shell Now boot OS-9, turn on the printer, and l oad proc would like to know how 1 ca11 modify enter Now you can copy the new shell fileioyour the modules merged with shel l. 1 Now save the first group on disk by typing: CMOS directory and reboot to make the m I ident ·s /dd/cmds/shel l >Ip would like to replace mdi r and procs chaoges active. Before doing this, how­ with di rm a11d µroe. I have tried to merge save shell .1 s hel l attr els ... ever, we suggest first running i dent to she 11 and those rwomodules into another This gives you a list of all the modules make sure the file is clean (all good CRCs file,after renamillg itto shel l and deleting (programs) currently merged with shel l. where the ellipsis ( ... ) represents any other and module headers). 1fyo u get any errors the original she 11file. But whe11 reboot We suggest you create a temporary work­ commands in your list. Note that shell from I dent, check the modules in memory OS-9, mdi r and procs are still there. ing directory to prevent the possibility of must be the first module in the file, soit is to make sure they are clean, then start from I overwriting any files. so type: Alain Pilon (AP/LON) included firstin the list. You probably won't scratch. Just to be extra safe, double check Brossard, Quebec be able to fit all the modules on one com­ the attributes of the file afte r you copy it to Canada makd1 r /dd/temp mand line, which is why we saved the first the CMOS directory . chd /dd/temp group to the file named she 11 . 1. You can Note that if you use bsa ve. b09, you First you need access to the save then save the second group of modules by must savee ach module individually instead command, wbich is included with the At this point you could save each moduleto typing: of in groups. For example, the commands m bsa ve OS-9 Development System and also a disk one at a time and then merge all the used with would beas follows: with Multi-Vue. To retrieve save from the modules, although it's easier (and saves save shel l.2 merge proc rename ... Multi-Vue package, insert Disk 2 and load keystrokes) to. let s ave do most of the grunt bsave shel l pmpts from the CMOS directory, then insert work for you The general technique is to If you still area't able to get all modules in bsave attr THE RAINBOW September 1992 23

bsave cl s To use EZGen, you would follow a bsave cmp similar procedure, though to determine where the modules are loading, you 'II have merge shel 1 attr cl s cmp >shel 1.1 to reboot with the modified disk and check Advertisers Index the addre sses with md 1 r e again. You may rename shel 1 shel l .mod have to repeat this process several times Burke & Burke ...... 15 Rainbow Back Issues ...... 11 merge shcl l .l shcll .2 >shel l before you get RBF properly positioned. Dayton Associates Raiabow Bookshelf ...... 7 rename /dd/cmds/shel l shel l .bak One finalword of advice: Before you go . . . . . of W.R . Hall, Inc ...... 9 Rainbow Subscrip1ion ...... 18 copy shel 1 /dd/cmds/shel 1 aboutpatching, boot the system with a copy ...... Rainbow of the original system disk from Tandy . Delphi . 19 on Tape/Disk ...... 17 Since most ofthe modules arealso avail­ Otherwise you take the chance of repeat­ Eµterprises ...... 15 Soft Sector ...... 9 J WT ...... able as separatefiles on disk. you may be edlyenc ounteringthe samefrustrating Write JWTEnterprises ...... 21 Sundog Systems...... BC able to merge them from disk rather than errors you are trying to eliminate. Owl-Ware ...... 5 Sundog Systems ...... 21 save them allfirst. We appreciate. rour mentioning. THE RAINBOW when youconuct these advertisers. We send a big thanks to Randy Wilson Obtaining (RANDYKWILSON) for r p oviding bsave. Tele<:ommunications Packages When we asked on Delphi for ways OS-9 /' m working on trying touse OS-9 and users could get a save command without also learning BASIC09 . I have been having to buy the Development System, subscribing 10 THE RAJNBOW fo r a Randy mentioned the Multi-Vue trick, then 11umber of years, and I keep reading about Call Kim Lewis quickly wrote bsave and offered it to us. all the information a person can ger rhrough • Eastern Sales Director While the program doesn'tsupport saving the OS-9 SIG on Delphi. The question I (502)228-4492 of multiple modules in one file, it is ex­ have is how can a person acquire a good tremely well-written and worthy of study telecommunications program without hav­ by BASJC09 programmers. This, fol.ks, is ing to spend a good deal of money? There Ira what the CoCo Community is all about. are many good programs fo r Disk BASIC, • Call Barsky bur I haven 't seen any in the same price Western Sates Director (312)587-1 818 Watch out for the BLOB range for OS-9. I'm zalking about share­ I am having trouble fo rmatting di.ks ware programs. Please let me know, ifyou wirh OS-9 Level 11-1 intermittently can, where I can order a program of this The Falsoft Building 9509 Highway 42, 40059 encounter Read errors (Error 244) sort. Thank you very much fo r the OS-9 U.S. P.O. lor 385, Prospect, KY (502) 228-44i2 • FAX (502) 228-5121 during the format process. Some daysI can Hozline. fo rmal three orfo ur disks with no problem, Eddie G. Wilson then the nexrdisk bombs. On other days,my Galax, Virginia first attempt fa ils. To makematters worse, when /finally getadiskformattedandtry to Ifyou are willing to pay for quality copy a file to it from my hard drive, the so ware , you can purchase KBCom system gives me a write-verification error. fromft CoCo PRO! (313-482-8 128). Ofcourse this, too, happens intermittently. KBCom is one of the best terminal pro­ Please help me be or I go crazy. gramsever for OS-9, and its VTlOO PROCEDURE bsave f e written 9881 ("' Written by R1ndy K. Wilson Vic Roberts emulation is exceptional (even better than llillO (" 6119192 9828 (• Rel eased to publ1c doNa 1n 6/19/92 Raleigh, Norrh Carolina most terminal programs availab e for MS­ e84C <• DOS-based systems). you don't want to 084F ("' Note that thi s procedure can only be used wHh •odul es l ess If HBO (* than 321( 1n sfze: 481< 1f RunB and SysCa11 are nierged together l IHICD (" We recently encountered similar dif­ pay�rtS91bftwaa loadingfrom lheOS9Boot file. 028[ after 02Bf C TesL for second parata, dnd add " carrt ue return Start OS-9 with the boot disk you ordi­ 0242 (• If not given, assume f1 le and 11odul e •re same name narily use. you get to the OS9: prompt, 0277 ON E RROR GOTO 208 After 027D mod_tetnp-mod_n.. ame+CHRI( 13 > enter md 1 r e to get a complete module 8289 �s B28A c• Now uk the s1ste1A to find the IAOdule and map 1t into directory. We suspect you'll find the disk B2C2 c• our spa e so that we can work: with it 02EA c modules (RBF, CC301 sk, dO, dl, C• See FSUnk, OS9 Tech "a nual , p8·23 your hard­ B3Bf 58 ON ERROR disk driver, hO and dd) spread apart and/or 0315 regs.a-e \(* 0 for type/language means "don 't care" 8349 regs . K A D 111od_t mp cross an D AC e l that they 8K boundary ($2000. 8357 RUN sysca 1 lCf _U nk. regs l $4000, $6000, etc.}. 8366 C* Si nce 8as1cB9 w1 11 not know about an error In SysCa11, we 03A2 ('* aust- 111tnual ly check the Ca rry bft of the CC register To correct the problem using a pro­ 8309 IF LAND(regs.cc,l)-1 THEN try HJEB IF regs, b-221 THEN gram like EZGen (from Burke & Burke) or B3FA PRINT "Hodule ": mod_name: " not found'' , B•256+PE£KC regs .x.+3 > 8589 RUN sysc- •ll 8636 END If 0638 CLOSE #path.. .. B63E END Once the modules were grouped, we 8648 0 used wi e11's Address function and de­ 64 1 11110 g ' kG 06lj7 �i� h'r!��a��� ����! \n le name> " termined bow to rearrange other modules 0681 PRINT " or" K 0698 PRINT " bsave uses same name for fi 1 e" so that the first disk module (RBF) would 0603 END 0605 load into after an even 8K memory just 0606 200 morLtemp-f fle_temp houndary. Finally, we wrote the modified 06El GOTO 50 B6E5 OS9Boot file to disk. We have not had a 06£6 300 PRINT "Could not create f1 Je "; f1le_temp : problem since. 07BB END In Quest of ht e Siar Lord CoCo 3 Hint Sheet Hall of the King 1, 2 or 3 CoCo 1 -3 $29.95 ea. Hall of the King Trilogy $74_95 White Fire of Eternity CoCo 1 -3 Dragon Blada CoCo 1 -3 Champion CoCo1-3 Paladin's Legacy CoCo 1 ·3

'J1sa. Mastercard. Chee�. Monev On.fer, dr1d COD ! JSA onl·f �lease) accepted An INe1gn order� rnusl be sent in US currency Money Orders lncluclE $2 SO for sh1pp1rg In USA and ·:arada $5 00 Fores1gn, $3.00 exlra 10· COO orders PA resirlents P.O. Box 766 Manassas, VA 221 11 add 6% sales Id� Dealer ln�u1nes •Nelcome Authors, we're IOOkmg for new software• 703/330-8989