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The South Face of Dhaulagiri
181 The South Face of Dhaulagiri Franci Savenc Yugoslav alpinists selected the S face of Dhaulagiri (8167m) as a goal some years ago. A request for permission for spring 1982 was submitted as they returned from Everest in 1979. However, in the spring of 1981 approval was received for the post-monsoon period. Although the expedition to the S face of Lhotse had scarcely been concluded, and another was not planned, it was essential to accept the offer. The expedition leader immediately left on a reconnaissance mission and established 2 possibilities: to the left and right of the funnel-shaped central section of the face. After speeded-up preparations, 6 alpinists left on 3 September 1981 for Nepal. Accompanied by Mr Mihan Khadka as liaison officer, five Nepalese staff and 56 porters they left Pokhara on 12 September. The final section of the approach march was over virgin ground. On 23 September they reached the location of Base Camp (3950m), where the low altitude porters left them. Nevertheless by 26 September Base Camp had·been set up. Following a period of bad weather and research, the only acclimatization tour/climb possible was made to Manapanti (6380m) during 1-3 October. From 7-13 October the lower part of the face was explored, the climbers reaching an altitude of 5300m, fixing 400m of rope (grades IV and V) and pitching a tent at 5150m. 15 act.: Stane Belak, Cene Bercic and Emil Tratnik started upon the face and left their tent (5150m) at 0235 the following day. At 0900 they were halted for 7 hours by falling stones at an altitude of 5500m. -
The Distribution of Reptiles and Amphibians in the Annapurna-Dhaulagiri Region (Nepal)
THE DISTRIBUTION OF REPTILES AND AMPHIBIANS IN THE ANNAPURNA-DHAULAGIRI REGION (NEPAL) by LURLY M.R. NANHOE and PAUL E. OUBOTER L.M.R. Nanhoe & P.E. Ouboter: The distribution of reptiles and amphibians in the Annapurna-Dhaulagiri region (Nepal). Zool. Verh. Leiden 240, 12-viii-1987: 1-105, figs. 1-16, tables 1-5, app. I-II. — ISSN 0024-1652. Key words: reptiles; amphibians; keys; Annapurna region; Dhaulagiri region; Nepal; altitudinal distribution; zoogeography. The reptiles and amphibians of the Annapurna-Dhaulagiri region in Nepal are keyed and described. Their distribution is recorded, based on both personal observations and literature data. The ecology of the species is discussed. The zoogeography and the altitudinal distribution are analysed. All in all 32 species-group taxa of reptiles and 21 species-group taxa of amphibians are treated. L.M.R. Nanhoe & P.E. Ouboter, c/o Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie Raamsteeg 2, Postbus 9517, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands. CONTENTS Introduction 5 Study area 7 Climate and vegetation 9 Material and methods 12 Reptilia 13 Sauria 13 Gekkonidae 13 Hemidactylus brookii 14 Hemidactylus flaviviridis 14 Hemidactylus garnotii 15 Agamidae 15 Agama tuberculata 16 Calotes versicolor 18 Japalura major 19 Japalura tricarinata 20 Phrynocephalus theobaldi 22 Scincidae 24 Scincella capitanea 25 Scincella ladacensis ladacensis 26 3 4 ZOOLOGISCHE VERHANDELINGEN 240 (1987) Scincella ladacensis himalayana 27 2g Scincella sikimmensis ^ Sphenomorphus maculatus ^ Serpentes ^ Colubridae ^ Amphiesma platyceps ^ -
A71prelims 1..6
114 Annals of Glaciology 57(71) 2016 doi: 10.3189/2016AoG71A075 © The Author(s) 2016. This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (http://creativecommons. org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Avalanche character and fatalities in the high mountains of Asia D.M. McCLUNG Department of Geography, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada Correspondence: D.M. McClung <[email protected]> ABSTRACT. With the exception of northern India, there are few, if any, consistent data records relating to avalanche activity in the high mountains of Asia. However, records do exist of avalanche fatalities in the region, contained in mountaineering expedition reports. In this paper, I review and analyze statistics of avalanche fatalities (both snow and ice) in the high mountains of Asia (Himalaya, Karakoram, Pamir, Hindu Kush, Tien Shan, Dazu Shan) from 1895 to 2014. The data are stratified according to accident cause, geographical region (Nepal–Tibet (Xizang), Pakistan, India, China, Central Asia), mountain range, personnel (hired or expedition members) and terrain. The character of the accidents is compared with data from North America and Europe. The data show that the important risk components are the temporal and spatial exposure probabilities. It is shown that human actions and decisions govern the pattern of fatal avalanches in the high mountains of Asia. KEYWORDS: avalanches, glacier hazards, snow INTRODUCTION such, are not the only records of avalanche fatalities in the The high mountains of Asia include all the world’s mountains countries containing the high mountains of Asia. -
Inverting the Origin Story of the Annapurna Conservation Area Project of Nepal
HIMALAYA, the Journal of the Association for Nepal and Himalayan Studies Volume 26 Number 1 People and Environment: Conservation and Management of Natural Article 6 Resources across the Himalaya No. 1 & 2 2006 Conserving the King: Inverting the Origin Story of the Annapurna Conservation Area Project of Nepal Kenneth D. Croes Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.macalester.edu/himalaya Recommended Citation Croes, Kenneth D.. 2006. Conserving the King: Inverting the Origin Story of the Annapurna Conservation Area Project of Nepal. HIMALAYA 26(1). Available at: https://digitalcommons.macalester.edu/himalaya/vol26/iss1/6 This Research Article is brought to you for free and open access by the DigitalCommons@Macalester College at DigitalCommons@Macalester College. It has been accepted for inclusion in HIMALAYA, the Journal of the Association for Nepal and Himalayan Studies by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@Macalester College. For more information, please contact [email protected]. CONSERVING THE KING: INVERTING THE ORIGIN STORY OF THE ANNAPURNA CONSERVATION AREA PROJECT OF NEPAL In early ]985, King Birendra traveled to the Annapurna region, Nepal's most popular trekking destination, to declare the need to protect the area.'s environment.. Birendra's declaration would result a year later in the establishment or the Annapurna Conservation Area Project (ACAP). The management or ACAP would rail to the King Mahendra Trust ror Nature Conservation, a non- governmental organization named after the king's rather and headed by his bother Gyanelldra. This paper argues that the royal family's conspicuous association wilh ACAP was an attempt to renew a nagging monarchical legitimacy. -
Australian Mountaineering in the Great Ranges of Asia, 1922–1990
Epilogue The period 1975–90 was indeed a formative and unique period in Australian Himalayan climbing. Chapter 29 looked forward from 1990 and foreshadowed some significant shifts in the nature of mountaineering in the great ranges of Asia that would mark 1990 as a turning point. Now, 20 years later, many of those projections of change have developed into well-established trends. Perhaps the most dominant of all the trends has been the move to commercial expeditions. In the 1970s and 1980s, most Himalayan expeditions were largely do- it-yourself affairs—from initial planning, obtaining a permit and organising the equipment to planning the logistics and arranging the transport from Australia. And all of this time-consuming work was expended before the team even reached Asia and began the walk into the hills to eventually tackle the mountain. From the last decade of the twentieth century there has been a pronounced shift to commercial expeditions. For example, in a survey of Australian Himalayan mountaineering for the period 2001–03, nearly half of the expeditions covered (16 of 33) were commercial.1 The trend is probably due to the rising wealth in general of Australians coupled with the increasing time constraints as contemporary society becomes faster paced, allowing less time for planning and organisation. In addition, the Himalayan region has become more accessible and the number of commercial operators in the big mountains has grown sharply. Two contrasting styles of commercial expedition are important to distinguish. At one extreme lies the fully guided expedition, in which the client is completely taken care of—from armchair to summit. -
A Review of Simarongarh's History on Its Nexus Areas with References Of
18 Prakash Darnal A Review of Simarongarh’s History on Its Nexus Areas with References of Archaeological Evidences Prakash Darnal Abstract After the Lichachhavi period, Nepal was bounded within the Kathmandu valley only. Sinja emerged as a powerful state in the west of Nepal. Likewise, Karnata dynasty became strong and powerful to the south of Nepal in the beginning of 10th and 11th century A. D. They were so strong and powerful that they attacked Kathmandu valley several times and plundered for the sake of wealth. So Simraongarh was once an important medieval kingdom of Nepal. It was established by Karnata dynasty Nanyadev in 1097 A. D. After capturing Mithila, Nanyadev began to rule it from Simraongarh. He has been credited in the records for the unification of Tirhut. Under the Karnatas Tirhut had developed on economic, social and cultural which was also known as golden age. They ruled over Mithila for about 227 years and after that Gayasuddin Tuglak conquered. Muslims ruled about three hundred years, and then it came under Sens of Makawanpur. Lohang Sen had extended his territories up to Vijayapur. When Prithivi Narayan Shah conquered Makawanpur in 1762 A. D. all part of eastern Terai including Tirhut or Mithila became integral part of Nepal. After the Anglo Nepal war in 1814 - 16 A.D., Nepal lost some parts of eastern Terai, it came again under its jurisdiction in Sugauli Treaty of 1816 A.D. But now people seem to forget Simarongarh which was once so rich and highly developed. Therefore, the objective of this article is not only to remind of its glorious past history but also to prove how important this area through archaeological findings. -
Best Trek in the 100Th Edition of Adventure Travel, Nepal’S Tough Yet Spectacular Dhaulagiri Circuit Was Named Our Number One Trek in the World
TREK IT: NEPAL best trek In the 100th edition of Adventure Travel, Nepal’s tough yet spectacular Dhaulagiri Circuit was named our number one trek in the world. John Hayes couldn’t resist the challenge, but does he think we got it right? Read on to find out… 64 May|June 2014 www.adventuretravelmagazine.co.uk www.adventuretravelmagazine.co.uk May|June 2014 65 TREK IT: NEPAL t’s a personal weakness but I'm round it. Perhaps it’s less popular than Who’s writing a sucker for recommendations. I other Nepalese treks as it is that bit In one trip booked a trip to Kanchenjunga after tougher (some even argue that it is the the Dhaulagiri seeing a claim that its base camp toughest three-week trek going). Circuit combines is the most beautiful campsite in the The Dhaulagiri Circuit has all the I Photo: Andy Twigg world, and I did something similar with features of a classic trek in Nepal. everything that Mera Peak after reading that it provides Its standard itinerary consists of makes trekking in After a working life as a the best mountain landscape a trekker 13 trekking days, including two Nepal so special management consultant, will ever experience. Once I saw that acclimatisation days and provision for John Hayes, 58, now spends the Dhaulagiri Circuit was number one contingency. Transit to and from the his life walking and writing about it. In 2011 he became in Adventure Travel’s top 100 treks I was trek typically adds another week to the the first person to finish the caught – hook, line and sinker! total time. -
Explorersweb - the Pioneers Checkpoint - the Pioneers Checkpoint
Explorersweb - the pioneers checkpoint - the pioneers checkpoint http://www.explorersweb.com/print.php?id=20164 May 19, 2011 10:53 am EDT Himalaya and Everest wrap-up: pushing the edge in shaky weather, watch it live take 2 (Brooke Meetze) Another bunch of some 20 climbers summited Everest south in reportedly mild 10kts. Judging from the dispatches, the wind seems to alternate between hard and calm. More climbers are going up tonight, also on Lhotse, Everest North side, Kangchenjunga and Makalu. Watch for the oxygen-less attempts and a paraglide on Everest tonight, possibly even on the webcam just set up by the scientists at the Italian solar pyramid close to BC. Technology The EvK2Cnr Everest webcam has just been set up by the High Altitude Scientific and Technological Research. Here's from the press release: "The picture shows Mount Everest, 8,848 m, the highest mountain in the world. On the right you can see the South Col plateau, 8,000 m. The image is updated every 5 minutes, and you can even see the movements of clouds around the mountain. The webcam is active only with daylight, almost between 6 am and 18 pm, Nepali time zone." Everest South Gavin Bate (watch it live, take 1)/Adventure Alternative intended climbing up to Camp 4 (8,000m) on the South Col today, which means summit push tonight. "Looking at forecast it seems that there may be high winds tonight and tomorrow but if the team can make it up to camp 4 on the 19th May then it looks very positive for a summit on the morning of the 20th May! If not the 20th then the 21st which also looks like it will be favourable weather conditions." MountainTrip, led by Scott Woolums, aborted their summit attempt reporting strong and increasing winds. -
Dying on the 8000M Peaks in the Himalaya and Karakoram
LEARNING BY (NOT) DYING ON THE 8,000M PEAKS IN THE HIMALAYA AND KARAKORAM Learning by doing is regarded as a fundamental driver of economic growth in the endogenous growth literature. Yet studies of learning by doing have examined industries for very brief periods only, and they generally use aggregate data to infer learning that may be occurring at a micro level. This study examines the history of an “industry”—Himalayan mountaineering on the peaks over 8,000m in height— over an entire century. As we are able to identify individuals taking part in climbing expeditions, we can test whether learning by doing takes place at the individual, “firm”, or industry level. We find evidence that observed increases in successful ascent rates and concomitant decreases in death, frostbite and altitude sickness rates are in part due to learning by doing at the industry level, as an increase in the cumulative experience of prior expeditions reduces the chances that a later expedition will suffer an adverse outcome, and in part due to increases in the human capital of the climbers, as an increase in climbers’ prior experience increases the probability of an expedition ascent. 1. INTRODUCTION In 1895 the British climber Albert Mummery, perhaps the finest mountaineer of his time, and five others made the first serious attempt to climb a mountain exceeding 8,000 meters in height. The mountain they chose to climb was Nanga Parbat (8,126m), in present-day Pakistan. It is one of only fourteen mountains in the world whose peaks rise above 8,000m, all of which lie in the Himalaya or Karakoram mountains of India, Nepal, Pakistan, and Tibet. -
Climate Change, "Everestification,"
CLIMATE CHANGE, "EVERESTIFICATION," AND THE FUTURE OF MOUNTAINEERING ON ANNAPURNA I by Jamie Leanne Hutchinson A Thesis Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Master of Environmental Studies The Evergreen State College June 2020 ©2020 by Jamie Hutchinson. All rights reserved. This Thesis for the Master of Environmental Studies Degree by Jamie Hutchinson has been approved for The Evergreen State College by ________________________ Kathleen Saul, Ph. D. Member of the Faculty ________________________ Date ABSTRACT Climate Change, "Everestification", and the Future of Mountaineering on Annapurna I Jamie Hutchinson This study aims to research how climate change is affecting the Annapurna Conservation Area in the Western Region of Nepal. This region consists of two mountain districts, three hill districts, and encompasses the Annapurna massif. Temperature and Precipitation data was obtained from the Department of Hydrology and Meteorology, Nepal, spanning thirty years (1988-2018). Monthly, Seasonal and Yearly data were aggregated and averaged for both datasets, and statistical analysis was completed using JMP and Excel. Results indicate overall warming in all districts by 1°C, with higher elevations being impacted more than lower. Precipitation tests show strong seasonal intensity in the summer months, sometimes predating monsoon season, with higher elevations receiving less snow than previously recorded. Additional focus was then turned to Annapurna I in order to analyze expedition data for the last thirty years (1989 – 2019). All 8,000-meter peaks within Nepal were studied for expedition size and experience in order to establish climbing trends that lead to "Everestification." Current trends show an increase in expedition size but a overall decrease in inexperienced climbers. -
Himalayan Peaks of NEPAL (8,000 Meters and Above) Mt
Published by : Nepal Tourism Board Himalayan Peaks of Bhrikuti Mandap Kathmandu, Nepal P. O. Box: 11018 Fax: 977-1-4256910 Tel: 977-1-4256909, 4256229 NEPAL E-mail: [email protected] (8,000 meters and above) Mt. Everest (8,848m) Nepal Tourism Board www.welcomenepal.com ccover.inddover.indd 1 55/7/2009/7/2009 11:51:51:51:51 AAMM ccover.inddover.indd 2 55/7/2009/7/2009 11:51:53:51:53 AAMM Himalayan Peaks of NEPAL (8,000 meters and above) Mt. Everest (8,848m) BBooklet.inddooklet.indd 1 55/7/2009/7/2009 1:47:481:47:48 AAMM The information contained in this book has been outsourced from an expert writer while every effort has been made to ensure accuracy and reliability. However, in case of lapses and discrepancies, revisions and updates would be subsequently carried out in the forth- coming issues. 2009 Edition © NTB All Images User Rights, Jagadish Tiwari Images By : Page - 7 - Harka Tamang : Page - 9, 13- Dilip Ali : Page - 17 - Raju Bhandari & : Rest of Images by Jagadish Tiwari BBooklet.inddooklet.indd 2 55/7/2009/7/2009 1:47:511:47:51 AAMM CCholatseholatse ppeak,eak, EEverestverest rregionegion CONTENTS Introduction/ The Eight-thousanders Mountains Over 8000m High 3 Mt.Everest 5 Mt.Kanchenjunga 7 Mt. Lhotse 9 Mt. Makalu 11 Mt. Cho Oyu 13 Himalayan Peaks of Nepal Mt. Dhaulagiri 15 Mt. Manaslu 17 Mt. Annapurna 19 Some important Mountaineering Rules and Regulations Royalty for Mountaineering Expeditions 21 3 BBooklet.inddooklet.indd 3 55/7/2009/7/2009 1:47:511:47:51 AAMM BBooklet.indd 4 o o k l e 4 4 t . -
Dhaulagiri, 1959 11
DHAULAGIRI, 1959 11 DHAULAGIRI, 1959 By FRITZ MORAVEC (Translated by Hugh Merrick) [The expedition to Dhaulagiri last year, recounted below by Ing. Fritz Moravec, was sponsored by the C>sterreichische Himalaya Gesellschaft. The party consisted of: Ing. Fritz Moravec (leader) Hans Ratay Othmar Kucera Heinrich Roiss Stefan Pauer Dr. Wilfried Wehrle Karl Prein Erich Vanis In the seven years of its existence the Osterreichische Himalaya Gesellschaft has been responsible for three other expeditions to the Himalaya and Karakoram; the first was the unsuccessful expedition to Saipal in 1954, brought to a premature close by the death from pneu monia of Karl Reiss. Then followed two outstanding successes; in 1956 the first ascent of Gasherbrum Il, and in 1958 the first ascent of Haramosh. The account of the Haramosh expedition was told in this JOURNAL by the late Heinrich Roiss (A.J. 64. 12.).] ILL Dhaulagiri be climbed in 1960? The question is not only exercising climbers, but everyone who is interested in W Alpine events. The assault on this mighty peak has indeed a special interest, for Dhaulagiri, at 26,8II ft., is the highest unclimbed peak in the world, and for Western climbers the last possible ' Eight thousander " since the rather lower Gosainthan (26,291 ft.), lying as it does entirely in Tibetan territory, is at present' out of bounds '. As long ago as the middle of the eighteenth century, Josef Tieffen thaler, a Jesuit father, whose missionary work had brought him to north ern India, drew attention to the Dhaula-Himal. For a long time Dhaulagiri's huge pyramid was thought to be the world's highest mountain.