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Managing Disasters at Airports

Airports Vulnerability to Disasters

Floods Cyclones Earthquake Apart from natural disasters, vulnerable to chemical and industrial disasters and man-made disasters.

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Areas of Concern Activating an Early Warning System and its close monitoring Mechanisms for integrating the local and administrative agencies for effective disaster management Vulnerability of critical infrastructures (power supply, communication, water supply, transport, etc.) to disaster events Preparedness and Mitigation very often ignored Lack of integrated and standardized efforts and its Sustainability Effective Inter Agency Co-ordination and Standard Operating Procedures for stakeholders.

Preparedness for disaster  Formation of an effective airport disaster management plan  Linking of the Airport Disaster Management Plan (ADMP) with the District Administration plans for forward and backward linkages for the key airport functions during and after disasters.  Strengthening of Coordination Mechanism with the city, district and state authorities so as to ensure coordinated responses in future disastrous events.  Putting the ADMP into action and testing it.  Plan to be understood by all actors  Preparedness drills and table top exercises to test the plan considering various plausible scenarios.

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AAI efforts for effective DMP at Airports

AAI has prepared Disaster Management Plan(DMP) for all our airports in line with GoI guidelines. DMP is in line with NDMA under Disaster Management Act, 2005, National Disaster Management Policy, 2009 and National Disaster Management Plan 2016. Further, these Airport Disaster Management Plan have been submitted to respective DDMA/SDMA for approval. Several Disaster Response & Recovery Equipment are being deployed at major airports:  Human life detector, victim location camera, thermal imaging camera, emergency lighting system, air lifting bag, portable generators, life buoys/jackets, safety torch, portable shelters etc.

Disaster Management Preparedness at AAI Airports  Get Airport Ready for Disaster (GARD) Workshops done at airports:  GARD Programme was introduced in AAI with support from United Nations Development Plan(UNDP) in 2016. To ensure fast and effective assistance in the immediate aftermath of a disaster, besides having the necessary airport infrastructure and local transport connections to smoothly deliver lifesaving supports. Providing training in the necessary protocols and know-how to handle the dramatic rise in air traffic and flow of goods and people that typically follows a disaster.

in 2018 .

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Disaster Management Preparedness at AAI Airports  AAI observes “Disaster Reduction Day” on ‘13th October’ every year, which is also ‘International Day for Disaster Reduction” at all AAI Airports to increase awareness among its employees.  Following activities are carried out: Awareness campaign at the airport and the communities around the airport. Drills, exercises, rehearsal of disaster plan.  Tabletop Exercise is designed and conducted, to provide training and evaluate plans and procedures.  Roles & responsibilities of different agencies are defined.  Central control centre, Emergency Control Centre & Mobile Command Post (wherever available) are established.

Handling of Disaster Chairman/ Member(Ops) CHQ HoDs Committee REDs AIRPORT EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT COMMITTEE

AIRPORT DIRECTOR DISTRICT ADMINISTRATION - District Magistrate - DDMA - NDRF AIRPORT ADMINISTRATION - TNFRS - Transport - Health - GFS - AOC - ATC - Police - TERMINAL - CISF - CNS MANAGEMENT - Customs - IMD - ENGINEERING ( CIVIL) - Immigration - ENGINEERING ( ELECT) - State Police - AOCC - ARFF - Emergency Medical Centre - MT Section - HR/Commercial

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Major Cyclones/ Floods that struck Indian Airports in past

Cyclone PHYAN (9- 12 Nov 2009)  Cyclonic Storm Phyan developed as a tropical disturbance in the Arabian Sea to the southwest of in on November 4, 2009 and made landfall in south on November 7.  Wind speeds of over 95Kmph  High Alert was issued in states of and as heavy rainfall of over 25 cm was expected.  ‘Phyan’ affected during 9-12 Nov 2009. It Crossed Maharashtra coast between Mumbai , Alibaug at 1530 IST on 11 November.  Massive damage to property was reported in coastal districts of Maharashtra, such as Ratnagiri, Raigad, Sindhudurg, Thane and Palghar.

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Cyclone ‘Thane’ (2011) - at Puducherry  Cyclone Thane was the strongest of 2011 within the North Indian Ocean.  Thane became a very severe cyclonic storm on December 28, as it approached the Indian states of and .  Wind speeds of over 165kmph  It made landfall at north Tamil Nadu coast between Cuddalore (60 kms from Puducherry) and Puducherry on December 30. At least 46 people died in Tamil Nadu and Puducherry.  Cuddalore and Puducherry were the worst affected areas.  Puducherry Airport remained closed from 30 th Dec. 2011 to 2nd Jan. 2012.  Thane caused severe damage at Puducherry airport. Roof of Old Terminal Building and ATC Tower was blown off. Also there was extensive damage to Fire Station and Perimeter Wall.

Cyclone Phailin: October 11-13, 2013

 Cyclone Phailin hit Orissa’s eastern coastal towns at speeds of more than 260 Km/hour, similar in strength of the 1999 super cyclone which killed more than 10,000 in the state.  It made landfall near Gopalpur in Odisha coast, at around 2230 IST on October 12, 2013.  An estimated million people were moved from their homes along the Orissa and Andhra Pradesh homes, many of them into temporary shelters.  Though operations were closed for one day, there was not much damage at Bhubaneswar airport.

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Cyclone ‘Hudhud’ (2014) at Vizag  The cyclone has caused widespread damage to parts of Andhra Pradesh and Orissa states.  Very severe cyclone Hudhud had killed 46 persons and injured 43 others.  It affected 20.93 lakh families, took lives of 2831 animals and 24.43 lakh poultry/ducks in four districts on October 12.  The winds and heavy rains have damaged power lines and buildings and prompted the evacuation of 350,000 people from their homes.  Cyclone hit Vizag Airport on 12.10.2014. Impact was considerable and flight operation was stopped.  Flight operations with minimal support started after five days,  Full scale operations started after 10 days  Approximately Rs. 12 Crores was spent for repair & restoration.

Devastating Floods in Chennai on 2nd December 2015

Chennai received 490 mm of rainfall in 24 hours from 0830 IST on 1 December, 2015 due to North East monsoon. The problem was compounded after the Chembrabakkam reservoir was forced to release water into the Adyar River, adjacent to Chennai Airport. Due to the flooding, the airport was flooded & had to be shut down for flights from 2030 IST on 1 December 2015. The Airport resumed technical and ferry flights on Saturday, 5 December 2015.

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Vardha Cyclone at Chennai on 12/12/2016

 Chennai Airport was flooded, including the ATS complex and Nav Aids Buildings.  Airport Operation was stopped from 0914 IST ON 12/12/2016.  The flood trapped seventeen personnel (security guards on duty, staff at the remote substation, and CNS units near the runways) and they had to climb up on top of buildings and watch-towers before they could be airlifted to safety the next day.  Total Power failure occurred from 1515 IST to 2015 IST  Airport Operations commenced at 0545 IST on 13/12/2016.

Cyclone ‘OCKHI’ at Agatti in Dec-2017 Ockhi impacted on December 2 Wind speed of 185kmph Closing of Aerodrome from 10:30 hours IST, 01/12/2017 to 08:45 hours IST, 03/12/2017. Airport resumed operation from 0845 hours IST on 03/12/2017. VHF/RCAG System at Agatti got hit and the system was made operational with minimum available equipment on 03/12/2017.

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Flood at Cochin International Airport – 9th August 2018

 Due to the incessant southwest monsoon rains, the upstream dams started overflowing and the water level in river Periyar which flows adjacent to Cochin airport started rising alarmingly.  CIAL had to effect a suspension of all arrivals at 1300 IST on August 9, 2018 as a precautionary measure.  Few other dams upstream had to be opened due to heavy rains which resulted in further flooding at the airport. Consequently, the airport remained closed till 29th August, 2018.  DGCA carried out detailed inspection and the airport was cleared to resume operations from 1400hrs on August 29, 2018.

Testing the preparedness for Disaster Cyclone FANI : 2 nd May,2019

Information received on 29 th April 2019 from MET regarding extremely severe thunderstorm cyclone FANI approaching towards north/northwest direction of bay of Bengal. Possible landfall in Odisha on 3rd May 2019 morning.

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Plan of Actions for Management of Cyclone ‘FANI’ Initial meeting taken at CHQ chaired by Chairman and attended by all HoDs for initiating the SoPs at the airports (Bhubaneshwar, Kolkata etc.) expected to be affected by FANI. Checklist formulated to take ‘Pre Cyclone’ , during the cyclone and ‘post cyclone ‘ measures involving the HoDs and the stakeholders. Meeting held with Secretary, CA and DGCA and suggested for formal closure of airports so that the travelling public is not put into inconvenience at the last minute due cancellation of flights. All APD’s advised to have Meeting with the HODs and form action plan to meet the contingencies.

Plan of Actions for Management of Cyclone ‘FANI’  APDs advised to hold meeting with the Stakeholders:  APD held a meeting on 1st May 2019 with all the stakeholders (Airline Operators/GHAs ).  Action item with timeline for was identified for all Stakeholders for the contingencies that might arise due to the cyclone.  Unit & Department wise advance assessment to handle probable impact was carried out.  Based on advanced intimation, a meticulous planning was done on 1st May 2019 to handle the situation.  Control room was set up with representatives from ATM,CNS, TM, Engg and CISF.  Joint inspection of ramp equipment area was carried out.  Based on the IMD information of likely landfall, assessment was done and internal decision taken to close airport operations from Midnight of 02.05.2019 to Midnight of 03.05.2019.

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Plan of Actions for Management of Cyclone ‘FANI’  Based on DGCA advise all the Airline Operators declared that all their respective flights shall be suspended for 3rd May 2019.  Airlines intimated that resumption of flights shall be subject to the restoration of facilities required for operations at Airport post cyclone.  As a part of the contingency planning, it was decided that a control room with the all operational HODs including CASO/CISF shall be available in the terminal building during the entire period of the contingency activity, with their resources ready, for restoration.  Almost 50 personnel were positioned in the Terminal Building for facilitating cleaning activities, removal of debris & FODs and other relief works from 10A.M on 3rd May 2019 till the contingencies were over.  Galvanized sheets / bamboos and sandbags were kept ready for immediate repair of boundary wall.  Enough Diesel was stocked to run DG sets to resume airport operations

Actual strike by Cyclone FANI at Bhubaneshwar Airport FANI struck Bhubaneswar at about 8.30 AM on 3rd May 2019 and continued with full vigour till about 5.30 PM in the evening with 30 minutes of lull period from 11.00AM to 11.30AM. Terminal building (city side, air side & inside), boundary wall at some places , MT section, ATC Control Tower and Anti-hijacking Control room were damaged due to the extremely strong wind up to 250kmph.

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Anti Hijacking Control Room

ATC Control Tower

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Terminal Building Roof

Terminal Building (City Side)

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New Apron

Flying roof sheet

Terminal Building (Inside-flooded)

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Terminal Building (Inside)

Terminal Building (City Side)

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Collapsed Boundary Wall

Assessment of Damages & Strategic planning for restoration  After 5.30 PM, wind speed reduced to 30 Knots.  As per the plan, teams were formed to assess the damages.  Action plan for restoration of city side of terminal and air-side was initiated.  Airport Director, all HoDs, & CISF I/C, were available in the Terminal Building.  Central committee headed by Chairman was taking regular meetings through video conferencing to provide with logistics support wherever required.  It was decided to send Mobile control tower to Bhubhaneshwar airport to meet any contingency to revive the control tower.

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Restoration work in Terminal Building

Restoration work in Terminal Building

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Restoration work on roof of Terminal Building

Resumption of Flight Operation at 1300 Hrs on 04-05-2019  Situation monitored on continuous basis throughout the night with coordination with IMD to monitor the progress of FANI .  It was decided by the central committee based on the Met reports that the winds will subside and on 4th the operations can be resumed subject to timely restoration actions.  With active coordination of the entire Airport stakeholders, minimal facilities were restored and were ready by 10 Am.  Since there was no power supply, power supply was ensured through DG set operation (enough diesel was kept in reserve).  After completion of the restoration activity, Airport was declared Operational and Hon’ble Chief Minister’s Helicopter took off at 1257 IST on 04.05.19.  Coast Guard flight from Vizag landed at Bhubaneswar at 1344 IST.  After the cyclone, the first scheduled flight was Alliance Air flight from Ranchi landed at Bhubaneswar at 1536 IST on 04.05.2019.

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Terminal Building after Restoration work on 04.05.2019.

Restoration of other essential services Road Services – Affected at several places leading to extreme slow down of movement. It took 2 to 3 days to restore. Rail Services – Restored on 5 th May 2019.

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Learning and Way Forward  Disasters due to cyclone, floods and other natural calamities due to climate change and changing weather patterns across the globe are inevitable.  One of the first steps in preparing for an disaster whether at airport or any other place is to develop an robust integrated disaster management plan.  Work out the impact of the disaster on its buildings, its utilities, critical equipment and functional continuity.  Position all critical equipment and their electricity back-up at locations (at least a meter above the expected water Levels observed in the previous disasters), so that the equipment and all supporting power and data back- up remain safe and functional .  At the airports, It is imperative that the DMP of the airport be supplemented by the Flood/Cyclone disaster management plan which defines responsibilities and describes actions to be taken in the event of a disaster at the airport.  Support of the city, district and state administration is the key for restoration of the services.  AAI is now focusing more on Disaster Resilient Infrastructure.

We cannot stop natural disasters but we can arm ourselves with knowledge and enough disaster preparedness.

Thank You !!!

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