DOCSLIB.ORG

One of the USA's Most Powerful Landscapes, Glacier National Park

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
One of the USA's Most Powerful Landscapes, Glacier National Park the backbone of the One of the USA’s mostworld powerful landscapes, Glacier National Park has long been held sacred by the area’s Native American peoples. Explore this part of Montana to learn the stories of the tribal relationship with the land – and what lessons it offers for the future WORDS ORLA THOMAS @OrlaThomas PHOTOGRAPHS JUSTIN FOULKES @justinfoulkes 42 May 2020 May 2020 43 SACRED LAND IN MONTANA Avery Old Coyote, who he Flathead River gushes of Montana. The crown not just of the state shallows. ‘From one trip to the next, the river grew up on the Flathead noisily, its flow absorbing all but the entire continent, Glacier National has a different personality,’ he says. ‘Just like Indian Reservation, sound, bright sunlight dancing Park was established as protected land by the us, little things affect her mood, so every guides a kayaking trip on an eddying current that US government in 1910, but they were far time I go out I’ll greet the water. I submerge along its river slips away south. In this from the first to recognise it as special. The myself and say inside: “You treat me good, T peaceful spot downstream Native American tribes indigenous to this I’ll treat you good.” It’s that reciprocity. from the Se’liš Ksanka Qlispe’ Dam, there are area have cherished the mountains here for What we do here is low-impact, ecologically no houses, no people, no boats – nothing at all thousands of years, and have a different – and that’s important.’ manmade. The first people here, the Salish, name for them: the backbone of the world. I follow Avery out onto the water, our believe that in the beginning it was like this: Two Native American communities flank paddles dipping against a backdrop of just water. According to their origin story, the the park, the Blackfeet Indian Reservation hoodoos – stacks of rock shaped like totem creator first made aquatic animals and birds and the Flathead Reservation, each home to poles – and ponderosa pines. His silent and, only later, people and land for them to different tribes. The Flathead River bisects strokes are expert, mine considerably live on. He fashioned them from silt the latter, and I meet kayaking guide Avery splashier. I am briefly caught in a current dredged up in the beak of a mud hen. Old Coyote on its shore. Like most Native that whisks me through a series of rapids. This humbling tale reminds us that Homo Americans he is affiliated with more than Close behind, Avery is jubilant, as the detour sapiens are just one of Earth’s creatures – one tribe: a member of the Crowhead Nation, brings us close to three bald eagles, their little more than a cosmic afterthought. It is of Salish and Nez Perce descent, he’s a white heads bobbing above a nest. ‘Every a sentiment that has particular resonance doctoral student with a Masters degree in time I take someone out here, I’m hoping here, in one of North America’s most pristine Native American studies. His broad face to gain another ally for the river,’ he says. natural environments, the northwestern part beams as he drags two kayaks into the ‘I want to help someone new understand Glacier National Park’s Lake ONE NATION, McDonald; Kootenai Indians had OR TWO? another name for it, ‘Sacred Dancing’. Previous pages: The Flathead River, and its distinctive landscape of hoodoos, seen from the Séliš Ksanka Qlispé Dam Overlook Montana is home to 12 Indian tribes and seven reservations, and Native Americans refer to themselves as being an ‘enrolled’ member of a specific tribe. The criteria for enrolment varies between tribes, but a common means is by ‘blood quantum’. The term, referring to the amount of ‘Native American blood’ an individual possesses, was applied by the US government after the 1934 Indian Reorganisation Act. Many tribes, including the Blackfeet Nation, require 25% blood quantum. Its continued use is controversial as Native Americans often marry outside their tribes, so their descendants have an ever-diminishing chance of qualifying for enrolment – a direct route to exclusion. ◆ ◆◆ ◆◆ ◆◆ ◆◆ 44 May 2020 May 2020 45 SACRED LAND IN MONTANA her – and maybe advocate to protect her.’ in highlands considered sacred for their goat or bighorn sheep taking a short-cut. Ever alert to the abundance of life on the proximity to the sun. This duality is reflected The Going-to-the-Sun Road’s appeal causes ‘The Sun Road is only passable riverbanks, Avery pulls juniper berries from in some tribal languages, which share the legendary traffic jams, so I begin the journey their bushes, squishing the fruit between his same root word for ‘sun’ and ‘creator’. before dawn when its name seems especially fingers to reveal their ginny scent. He points A couple of hours north from here, in literal. My car skirts the shores of Lake during spring and summer… out other edibles – like the bulbs of the blue Glacier National Park, the quintessential McDonald, which laps at multi-coloured camus flower – that were historically core to experience is to drive Going-to-the-Sun pebbles in a half-light. Mired in the gloam, the Native American diet. Road. This 50-mile feat of engineering took I ascend through the valley, ears popping those who make the trip are It’s one aspect of a diminished cultural ten years to carve into the landscape. When with every switchback. Soon the day’s first heritage that many younger Indians, like it opened in 1933, it gave American visitors rays sparkle on waterfalls, the majesty of the Avery, are trying to reclaim. ‘When my – enjoying the freedom brought by the scene growing with altitude. The Road is only shadowing the migration parents were growing up it was not cool to be mass-production of cars – a way to passable during spring and summer, so those a Native American,’ he says. ‘But it is now.’ appreciate the views without the exertion of who make the drive are shadowing the Avery attends pow-wows and takes part in a hike. It also brought people closer to the migration of centuries of Plains Indians, who of centuries of plains indians’ traditional ceremonies, such as the sweat wildlife. ‘Bear jams’ are a feature of this came to the mountains in the warmer lodge. ‘The sweat’ is a purification rite led by road-trip: motorists parking up and whipping months. While they arrived on horseback or community elders. Even more enmeshed out binoculars to get a better look at mighty foot, today’s pilgrims mostly arrive in pick- with the landscape are Vision Quests: predators, such as grizzly and black bears, ups and SUVs. A free bus service is one of the coming-of-age rituals involving several days wolverines or cougars. Sometimes it’s their National Park Service’s many efforts to make of solitary fasting and prayer that take place prey on the road: a moose, a white mountain visits to the area more sustainable – an Hidden Lake Overlook is one of the few places in Glacier National Park where visitors can see an active glacier – Sperry Glacier is on the distant mountains 46 May 2020 May 2020 47 SACRED LAND IN MONTANA Hikers on the trail to Hidden Lake Overlook. Opposite: One of the inhabitants of the National Bison Range imperative particularly relevant here, as Expedition on their first foray into the THE BUFFALO DIET the U.S. Geological Survey anticipates that American West. the glaciers will have melted by 2030. Derek explains that while some names I park up at the Road’s highpoint, Logan given by European settlers reflect the Native Pass, the trailhead for the short hike to American tribes’ connection with the land, Hidden Lake Overlook. The boardwalk path others misinterpret: ‘The name “Blackfeet” climbs through mist, which gradually came through our first interaction with dissipates as a weak sun rises in the sky. At non-natives, the Hudson Bay fur traders.’ the overlook an information panel shows the It was the practice of indigenous people to panorama that I can’t see – true to its name, burn forests for rejuvenation, and walking the Hidden Lake is partially obscured by a through these charred lands blackened their basin of fog. But my sense of wonder remains feet. ‘Our tribal name, Niitsitapi, is more undiminished. The view back along the trail, revealing, alluding to how we held ourselves from where the Rockies stretch all the way to in connection to the land,’ says Derek. ‘It Canada, more than justifies the climb. means “the real people”.’ The route is a favourite of Derek DesRosier, The settlers’ treatment of indigenous a Blackfeet tribal member and tour guide people is reflected in the story of Glacier who I meet on my return to Logan Pass. National Park’s creation, and Derek hopes Buffalo meat traditionally made He tells me the tribal word for mountain is his guests come away with a better up 80% of the Plains Indian diet, ‘mistuki’, meaning ‘pushed up’, showing understanding of that history – in all its ugly and this was mostly eaten as indigenous understanding of the action of complexity. ‘Remains date our presence here pemmican. Portable and less tectonic plates, long before that phrase ever back 10,000 years. This was a place so special prone to spoiling, this mixture of existed. He works for Sun Tours, the first to us, we protected it at all costs,’ he says, dried meat and marrow fat was company to offer a Native American explaining the context for the still-contested consumed much in the way we interpretation of Glacier National Park.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Peaks-Glacier
    Glacier National Park Summit List ©2003, 2006 Glacier Mountaineering Society Page 1 Summit El Quadrangle Notes ❑ Adair Ridge 5,366 Camas Ridge West ❑ Ahern Peak 8,749 Ahern Pass ❑ Allen Mountain 9,376 Many Glacier ❑ Almost-A-Dog Mtn. 8,922 Mount Stimson ❑ Altyn Peak 7,947 Many Glacier ❑ Amphitheater Mountain 8,690 Cut Bank Pass ❑ Anaconda Peak 8,279 Mount Geduhn ❑ Angel Wing 7,430 Many Glacier ❑ Apgar Mountains 6,651 McGee Meadow ❑ Apikuni Mountain 9,068 Many Glacier ❑ Appistoki Peak 8,164 Squaw Mountain ❑ B-7 Pillar (3) 8,712 Ahern Pass ❑ Bad Marriage Mtn. 8,350 Cut Bank Pass ❑ Baring Point 7,306 Rising Sun ❑ Barrier Buttes 7,402 Mount Rockwell ❑ Basin Mountain 6,920 Kiowa ❑ Battlement Mountain 8,830 Mount Saint Nicholas ❑ Bear Mountain 8,841 Mount Cleveland ❑ Bear Mountain Point 6,300 Gable Mountain ❑ Bearhat Mountain 8,684 Mount Cannon ❑ Bearhead Mountain 8,406 Squaw Mountain ❑ Belton Hills 6,339 Lake McDonald West ❑ Bighorn Peak 7,185 Vulture Peak ❑ Bishops Cap 9,127 Logan Pass ❑ Bison Mountain 7,833 Squaw Mountain ❑ Blackfoot Mountain 9,574 Mount Jackson ❑ Blacktail Hills 6,092 Blacktail ❑ Boulder Peak 8,528 Mount Carter ❑ Boulder Ridge 6,415 Lake Sherburne ❑ Brave Dog Mountain 8,446 Blacktail ❑ Brown, Mount 8,565 Mount Cannon ❑ Bullhead Point 7,445 Many Glacier ❑ Calf Robe Mountain 7,920 Squaw Mountain ❑ Campbell Mountain 8,245 Porcupine Ridge ❑ Cannon, Mount 8,952 Mount Cannon ❑ Cannon, Mount, SW Pk. 8,716 Mount Cannon ❑ Caper Peak 8,310 Mount Rockwell ❑ Carter, Mount 9,843 Mount Carter ❑ Cataract Mountain 8,180 Logan Pass ❑ Cathedral
    [Show full text]
  • Protecting the Crown: a Century of Resource Management in Glacier National Park
    Protecting the Crown A Century of Resource Management in Glacier National Park Rocky Mountains Cooperative Ecosystem Studies Unit (RM-CESU) RM-CESU Cooperative Agreement H2380040001 (WASO) RM-CESU Task Agreement J1434080053 Theodore Catton, Principal Investigator University of Montana Department of History Missoula, Montana 59812 Diane Krahe, Researcher University of Montana Department of History Missoula, Montana 59812 Deirdre K. Shaw NPS Key Official and Curator Glacier National Park West Glacier, Montana 59936 June 2011 Table of Contents List of Maps and Photographs v Introduction: Protecting the Crown 1 Chapter 1: A Homeland and a Frontier 5 Chapter 2: A Reservoir of Nature 23 Chapter 3: A Complete Sanctuary 57 Chapter 4: A Vignette of Primitive America 103 Chapter 5: A Sustainable Ecosystem 179 Conclusion: Preserving Different Natures 245 Bibliography 249 Index 261 List of Maps and Photographs MAPS Glacier National Park 22 Threats to Glacier National Park 168 PHOTOGRAPHS Cover - hikers going to Grinnell Glacier, 1930s, HPC 001581 Introduction – Three buses on Going-to-the-Sun Road, 1937, GNPA 11829 1 1.1 Two Cultural Legacies – McDonald family, GNPA 64 5 1.2 Indian Use and Occupancy – unidentified couple by lake, GNPA 24 7 1.3 Scientific Exploration – George B. Grinnell, Web 12 1.4 New Forms of Resource Use – group with stringer of fish, GNPA 551 14 2.1 A Foundation in Law – ranger at check station, GNPA 2874 23 2.2 An Emphasis on Law Enforcement – two park employees on hotel porch, 1915 HPC 001037 25 2.3 Stocking the Park – men with dead mountain lions, GNPA 9199 31 2.4 Balancing Preservation and Use – road-building contractors, 1924, GNPA 304 40 2.5 Forest Protection – Half Moon Fire, 1929, GNPA 11818 45 2.6 Properties on Lake McDonald – cabin in Apgar, Web 54 3.1 A Background of Construction – gas shovel, GTSR, 1937, GNPA 11647 57 3.2 Wildlife Studies in the 1930s – George M.
    [Show full text]
  • Glacier National Park Fisheries Inventory and Monitoring Annual Report – 2008
    Glacier National Park Fisheries Inventory and Monitoring Annual Report – 2008 Glacier National Park Fisheries Inventory and Monitoring Annual Report – 2008 Prepared by: Christopher C. Downs Fisheries Biologist, Glacier National Park And Craig Stafford Independent Consulting Biologist National Park Service, Glacier National Park, West Glacier, Montana May, 2009 Suggested citation: Downs, C.C. and C. Stafford. 2009. Glacier National Park Fisheries Inventory and Monitoring Annual Report, 2008. National Park Service, Glacier National Park, West Glacier, Montana. Front cover photo captions (clockwise): Independent consulting biologist Craig Stafford and volunteer Elizabeth McGarry pull gill nets from Lake McDonald for mercury sampling (photo by Chris Downs); Akokala Lake in the North Fork Flathead River drainage (photo by Chris Downs); USGS Aquatic Ecologist Clint Muhlfeld counting migratory bull trout redds in Akokala Creek (photo by Chris Downs). Inside cover photo captions (top and bottom): Adult bull trout from Lake Isabel (photo by Wade Fredenberg, USFWS); cutthroat trout captured in Rose Creek as part of St. Mary River drainage native fish surveys (photo by Jim Mogen, USFWS). ii TABLE OF CONTENTS 2008 Mercury sampling in fish from Glacier National Park ABSTRACT………………………………………………………………………………………………..1 INTRODUCTION…………………………………………………………………………………………2 METHODS………………………………………………………………………………………………...3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION…………………………………………………………………………..6 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS……………………………………………………………………………..18 LITERATURE CITED………………………………………………………………………………….19
    [Show full text]
  • 03 Fredenberg Pm
    Appendix 87 FURTHER EVIDENCE THAT LAKE TROUT DISPLACE BULL TROUT IN MOUNTAIN LAKES Wade Fredenberg, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Kalispell, MT 59901 ABSTRACT I surveyed five large mountain lakes in Glacier National Park, Montana, with gill nets in 2000 to assess the status of bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus) populations. I compared results to previous surveys, conducted in 1969 and 1977, at which time numbers of native bull trout were higher than recently established populations of lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush). The data indicate a broad decline in bull trout numbers and corresponding increases in lake trout population size in Kintla, Bowman, Logging, and McDonald lakes. In Quartz Lake, where lake trout are not known to occur, bull trout catch was stable across years. These data suggest that lake trout expansion has had a substantial detrimental impact on Glacier National Park bull trout populations especially because variables commonly implicated in bull trout population decline elsewhere across the species' range are not significant factors in Park lakes. I contend that effective recovery actions for adfluvial bull trout populations, in mountain lakes where nonnative lake trout have become established, must be directed at reducing species interaction through directed control actions on lake trout. I suggest that the rate and magnitude of the transition from native bull trout to introduced lake trout may depend on multiple factors, including migration of either species, the extent and quality of bull trout spawning and rearing habitat, and the structure of the lacustrine food chain. Four of the five bull trout populations I studied in Glacier National Park lakes are currently at high risk of extirpation, due primarily to incompatibility with introduced lake trout populations.
    [Show full text]
  • Christmas in Glacier: an Anthology Also in This Issue: the 1936 Swiftcurrent Valley Forest Fire, Hiking the Nyack Valley, Gearjamming in the 1950’S, and More!
    Voice of the Glacier Park Foundation ■ Fall 2001 ■ Volume XIV, No. 3 (Illustration by John Hagen.) Mount St. Nicholas. Christmas in Glacier: An Anthology Also in this issue: The 1936 Swiftcurrent Valley Forest Fire, Hiking the Nyack Valley, Gearjamming in the 1950’s, and more! The Inside Trail ◆ Fall 2001 ◆ 1 INSIDE NEWS of Glacier National Park Lewis Leaves for Yellowstone Lewis has been well-liked by the would cost less and take less time. Glacier National Park is losing its public and by park staff. She has This plan would involve closing superintendent for the second time presided over a key success for Gla- sections of the Road on alternat- in two years. Suzanne Lewis, who cier in facilitating the renovation of ing sides of Logan Pass, and could came to Glacier in April 2001, is the park’s red buses (see update, p. heavily impact local businesses. transferring to Yellowstone National 24). The committee also rejected slower- paced and more expensive options Park to assume the superintendency Sun Road Committee Reports there. Lewis’ predecessor, David (e.g., 20 years of work at $154 A 16-member Going-to-the-Sun Mihalic, transferred to Yosemite af- million). Road Citizens’ Advisory Commit- ter having been absent from Glacier tee issued recommendations to the The committee’s recommenda- for much of his last two years, pur- Park Service this fall. The com- tions are not binding on the Park suing a course of training for senior mittee had spent a year and a half Service. The Service will make a Park Service executives.
    [Show full text]
  • Glacier National Park Geologic Resource Evaluation Report
    National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior Geologic Resources Division Denver, Colorado Glacier National Park Geologic Resource Evaluation Report Glacier National Park Geologic Resource Evaluation Geologic Resources Division Denver, Colorado U.S. Department of the Interior Washington, DC Table of Contents List of Figures .............................................................................................................. iv Executive Summary ...................................................................................................... 1 Introduction ................................................................................................................... 3 Purpose of the Geologic Resource Evaluation Program ............................................................................................3 Geologic Setting .........................................................................................................................................................3 Glacial Setting ............................................................................................................................................................4 Geologic Issues............................................................................................................. 9 Economic Resources..................................................................................................................................................9 Mining Issues..............................................................................................................................................................9
    [Show full text]
  • Glacier National Park, 1917
    ~ ________________ ~'i DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR / FRANKLIN K. LANE. SECRETARY NATIONAL PARK SERVI'CE,/ STEPHEN T. MATHER. DIRECTOR GENERAL ~FO ~N GL CIER NAL ONAL PARK Season of 191 7 The Alps of America-Wonderful Tumbled Region Possessing 60 Glaciers. 250 Lakes, and M y Stately Peaks-Precipices 4,000 Feet Deep-Valleys of Astonish­ ing Rugged B auty-Scenery Equaling Any in the World- Large, Excellent Hotels and Comfortable Chalet Camps-Good Roads- The Gunsight Trail Across the Top of the Range-Good Trout Fishing-How to Get There-What to See-What to Wear lor MOUiltain Climbing WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1917 TI-IE NATIO .... PARKS AT A GLANCE ( Chron010gIca,l.ly In the order of theIr creatIon [Number,14; Total Area, 7,290 Square Miles] NATIONAL AREA PARKS In DISTINCTIVE CHARACTERISTICS In order of LOCATION square creation miles H ot Springs •..... Middle H 46 hot springs possessing curative properties-Many hotels and 1832 Arkansa.s boording houses-20 bathhouses under public control. CONTENTS. Yellowstone . ••••. North- 3,348 More geysers than in al1 rest of world together-Boiling 1872 western springs-Mud volcanoes-Petrified forests-Grand Canyon Page. Wyoming of the YelIowstone, remarkable for gorgeous coloring-Large General description_ .. _. _. ........ ..... .... ... ... ...... ........ .. 5 lakes-Many large streams and waterfalls-Vast wilderness A romance in rocks . • _. __ . _. _.. .......................... _. ....... 5 inhabited by deer, elk, bison, moose, antelope, bear, moun- The Lewis overthrust .. __. .... _............................... ...... 6 tain sheep, beaver, etc., constituting greatest wild bird and A general view _ . _____ .. ..... ................................. 6 animal preserve in world-Altitude 6,000 to 11,000 feet- The west side ....
    [Show full text]
  • GRINNELL and SPERRY GLACIERS, GLACIER NATIONAL PARK, MONTANA a Record of Vanishing Ice
    GRINNELL AND SPERRY GLACIERS, GLACIER NATIONAL PARK, MONTANA A Record of Vanishing Ice .. ,. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 1180 GRINNELL AND SPERRY GLACIERS, GLACIER NATIONAL PARK, MONTANA­ A RECORD OF VANISHING ICE Aerial view, southeastward, of the upper part of Sperry Glacier, July 27, 1969. Part of Gunsight Mountain is visible at the right. Photography by Mel Ruder, Hungry Horse News, Columbia Falls, Montana. Published through the courtesy of the photographer. Grinnell and Sperry Glaciers, Glacier National Park, Montana­ A Record of Vanishing Ice By ARTHUR JOHNSON GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 1180 Recorded observations, during approximately 80 years, of the shrinkage of the two largest glaciers in Glacier National Park UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON: 1980 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR CECIL D. ANDRUS, Secretary GEOLOGICAL SURVEY H. William Menard, Director Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Johnson, Arthur, 1903- Grinnell and Sperry Glaciers, Glacier National Park, Montana (Geological Survey Professional Paper 1180) Bibliography: p. 29 Supt. of Docs. no.: I 1916: 1. Grinnell Glacier, Mont. 2. Sperry Glacier, Mont. 3. Glacier National Park. I. Title. II. Series: United States Geological Survey Professional Paper 1180 GB2425.M9J63 551.3'12'0978652 80-607150 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, D.C. 20402 CONTENTS Page Page Abstract................................................. 1 Grinnell Glacier-Continued Introduction . 1 Precipitation and runoff . 15 Summary of investigations. 1 Vegetative succession . 19 Acknowledgments . 3 Sperry Glacier . 20 Climate.................................................. 3 Location and accessibility.......................... 20 Grinnell Glacier . 5 Discovery and early descriptions . 20 Location and accessibility. 5 Pictorial record . 21 Discovery and early descriptions .
    [Show full text]
  • An Alternative Hypothesis for the Invasion of Yellowstone Lake by Lake Trout, and Implications for Future Invasions
    water Article Two Ocean Pass: An Alternative Hypothesis for the Invasion of Yellowstone Lake by Lake Trout, and Implications for Future Invasions Todd M. Koel 1,* , Colleen R. Detjens 1 and Alexander V. Zale 2 1 U.S. National Park Service, Yellowstone Center for Resources, Native Fish Conservation Program, P.O. Box 168, Yellowstone National Park, WY 82190, USA; [email protected] 2 U.S. Geological Survey, Montana Cooperative Fishery Research Unit, Department of Ecology, Montana State University, MSU–P.O. Box 173460, Bozeman, MT 59717-3460, USA; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +1-307-344-2281 Received: 17 April 2020; Accepted: 4 June 2020; Published: 6 June 2020 Abstract: Preventing the interbasin transfer of aquatic invasive species is a high priority for natural resource managers. Such transfers can be made by humans or can occur by dispersal through connected waterways. A natural surface water connection between the Atlantic and Pacific drainages in North America exists at Two Ocean Pass south of Yellowstone National Park. Yellowstone cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarkii bouvieri used this route to cross the Continental Divide and colonize the Yellowstone River from ancestral sources in the Snake River following glacial recession 14,000 bp. Nonnative lake trout Salvelinus namaycush were stocked into lakes in the Snake River headwaters in 1890 and quickly dispersed downstream. Lake trout were discovered in Yellowstone Lake in 1994 and were assumed to have been illegally introduced. Recently, lake trout have demonstrated their ability to move widely through river systems and invade headwater lakes in Glacier National Park. Our objective was to determine if lake trout and other nonnative fish were present in the connected waters near Two Ocean Pass and could thereby colonize the Yellowstone River basin in the past or future.
    [Show full text]
  • National Park Service Glacier National Park P.O
    National Park Service Glacier National Park P.O. Box 128 U.S. Department of the Interior International Peace Park West Glacier, MT 59936 Biosphere Reserve www.nps.gov/glac World Heritage Site 406 888-7800 phone 406 888-7808 fax Going-to-the-Sun Road – 2008: Top 10 Things You Need to Know 1. Glacier National Park is open year- round. Most visitor services and facilities are open May through September; however, autumn/winter/spring non- motorized recreation opportunities and primitive camping are available year round. Visitor services and amenities are available year round in gateway communities. 2. The Going- to- the- Sun Road (Sun Road), the only American roadway designated both a National Historic Landmark and a National Civil Engineering Landmark, began a multi- year rehabilitation in 2007. Accelerated night work and shoulder season work (after mid- September and before mid- June) cause short- term impacts to the smallest numbers of park visitors. 3. Traffic delay schedule for the rehabilitation work is as follows: • Throughout weekends and Monday through Thursday from 6am to 10pm – expect several short delays for a maximum total of 30 minutes. • Sunday night through Thursday night from 10pm to 6am – expect up to 4 hour delays. • For updates tune your radio to 1610 AM or call 5- 1- 1 anywhere in Montana and select option ‘5.’ 4. Schedules for the multi- year rehabilitation call for opening lower elevations in the spring as weather and work permits and opening the alpine section over Logan Pass from mid- June to mid- September. In 2008, weather permitting; the entire Sun Road will be open between Friday, June 13 and Sunday, September 14.
    [Show full text]
  • Fishes of Glacier National Park, Montana
    IM:M -;;-..%::,»> ISHES GLACIER NATI , : UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR NATIONAL PARK SERVICE FISHING NOTES The native trout are caught during the entire open season extending from May 30 to October 15 ; however, the best catches are made during June, the first part of July, and during the cooler part of September. Fishing remains good during the entire season in some of the interior lakes and streams. Early and late season fishing yields superior catches of the other species. The comparatively warm weather occur- ring during the latter part of July and August tends to drive the fish to the bottoms of the deeper pools where additional skill is necessary to make successful catches. Fly Fishing.—Royal coachman, brown and gray hackles, queen of waters, ginger quills, bees, and gnats are used with success in many waters of the park. Trolling and Bait Casting.—Red and white dare-devils, plugs, and spinners are used with success. Bait casting from either shore or boat often yields, desired results. Josephine, Swiftcurrent, Waterton, St. Mary, Kintla, and Bowman Lakes are outstanding for either trolling or bait casting. Stocking.—The Glacier National Park Fish Hatchery near Creston, Mont., is operated by the Fish and Wildlife Service which supplies fish to the park. Owing to the availability of this superb planting stock the maintenance of Glacier National Park's excellent fishing is assured Regulations.—All fishing must be done in conformity with park regulations. Current fishing regulations may be procured froir rangers or park headquarters. UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Harold L. Ickes, Secretary NATIONAL PARK SERVICE Newton B.
    [Show full text]
  • Glacier National Park by Mary Roberts Rinehart Author Oj "Tenting To-Night," "Through Glacier Park, " K", and Other Stories
    GLACIER National Pa,rk M O N T A N A UNITED STATES RAILROAD ADMINISTRATION N AT IONAL PARK. SERIES DAWSON PASS An intimate view from the summit of the Pass is obtained of the massive walls surrounding the Two Medicine Valley Pane, two An Appreciation of Glacier National Park By Mary Roberts Rinehart Author oj "Tenting To-night," "Through Glacier Park, " K", and Other Stories. Written expressly for the United States Railroad Administration jF you are normal and philosophical, if you love your country, if you are willing to learn how little you count in the eternal scheme of things, go ride in the Rocky Mountains and save your soul. There are no "Keep off the Grass" signs in Glacier National Park. It is the wildest part of America. If the Government had not preserved it, it would have preserved itself but you and I would not have seen it. It is perhaps the most unique of all our parks, as it is undoubtedly the most magnificent. Seen from an automobile or a horse, Glacier National Park is a good place to visit. Here the Rocky Mountains run northwest and southeast, and in their glacier- carved basins are great spaces; cool shadowy depths in which lie blue lakes; moun­ tain-sides threaded with white, where, from some hidden lake or glacier far above, the overflow falls a thousand feet or more, and over all the great silence of the Rockies Here nerves that have been tightened for years slowly relax. Here is the last home of a vanishing race—the Blackfeet Indians.
    [Show full text]