DOCSLIB.ORG

PLYMOUTH BEEKEEPERS' Apiary Programme 2020

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
PLYMOUTH BEEKEEPERS' Apiary Programme 2020 PLYMOUTH BEEKEEPERS’ Apiary Programme 2020 FEBRUARY Sunday 2nd Module Study Group 10am Tuesday Talk by Olga Wojciechowska on "Food Hygiene and Honey 7.30pm 11th - What YOU Need to Know". Blindmans Wood Scout Centre Sunday 16th Module Study Group 10am Sunday 23rd Wax Extraction/Frame Making Session 10am MARCH Sunday 1st Improvers Meeting: What you should be doing/should not 10am have done Sunday 8th Beginners’ Course (1) – Chairman & Education Team 10am Sunday 15th Apiary Maintenance Morning/BBKA Basic Assessment 10am support Sunday 22nd Beginners’ Course (2) 10am Sunday 29th Beginners’ Course (3) 10am APRIL Easter Sunday: 12th April Sunday 5th Improvers Meeting: Swarm Control/Frame Changing 10am Tuesday 7th Committee Meeting, Blindmans Wood Scout Centre 7pm Sunday 12th No Meeting – Easter Sunday Sunday 19th Beginners’ Course (4) 10am Sunday 26th Apiary Maintenance Morning/BBKA Basic Assessment 10am support (+ extra practical for beginners if required) MAY (Bank Holidays: Mon. 4th + Mon. 25th) Sunday 3rd Improvers Meeting: Aggressive Bees/Queen Introduction 10am Sunday 10th Beginners’ Course (5) 10am Sunday 17th Apiary Maintenance Morning/BBKA Basic Assessment 10am support (+ extra practical for beginners if required) Sunday 24th No meeting – Bank Holiday Weekend Sunday 31st Beginners’ Course (6) 10am 1 www.plymouthbeekeepers.btik.com JUNE Sunday 7th Improvers Meeting: The importance of nucs/ Swarm 10am control/the June gap/summer management Sunday 14th Beginners’ Course (7) 10am Sunday 21st Apiary Maintenance Morning/BBKA Basic Assessment 10am support Sunday 28th Beginners’ Course (8) 10am JULY Sunday 5th Improvers Meeting: Bringing in the honey crop 10am Sunday 12th Beginners’ Course (9) 10am Sunday 19th Apiary Maintenance Morning/BBKA Basic Assessment 10am support (+ extra practical for beginners if required) Sunday 26th Beginners Course (10) AUGUST (Bank Holiday: Mon. 31st) Sunday 2nd Improvers Meeting: Summer Management 10am Sunday 9th Beginners’ Course (11) 10am Sunday 16th Apiary Maintenance Morning//BBKA Basic Assessment 10am support Sunday 23rd Beginners’ Course (12) 10am Sunday 30th No Meeting - Bank Holiday Weekend SEPTEMBER Sunday 6th Improvers Meeting: Preparing for Winter 10am Sunday 13th Apiary Maintenance Morning/BBKA Basic Assessment 10am support OCTOBER Tuesday 13th Branch Honey Show, Blindmans Wood Scout Centre 7pm/doors open 6.30pm NOVEMBER Tuesday 17th AGM, Blindmans Wood Scout Centre DECEMBER Sunday 6th/13th Branch Christmas Lunch – TO BE CONFIRMED Blindmans Wood Scout Centre, Outland Road, Plymouth PL3 5TB Meetings will be held at the Branch Apiary Site, Lee Mill, Ivybridge unless advised otherwise Turn left off the A38 at Lee Mill and follow the signs for Tesco Drive past the Tesco entrance, take next right for Central Avenue on the industrial estate Drive down the hill of Central Avenue, looking for East Way on your right Drive along East Way, looking for Cadleigh Close on your left Drive into Cadleigh Close; the apiary site is behind the big iron gates of the Bandvulc tyre factory Park inside the gates, walk up the concrete path & the portacabin is on your right 2 www.plymouthbeekeepers.btik.com CHAIRMAN’S BLOG Hello Again, Now that we are in the depths of Winter I’m sure many of us are paying close attention to that all-important maintenance of equipment so that it’s all ready for the new season which will be upon us before we know it. Winter is also a good time to catch up with other branch members by attending our Winter meetings. Generally speaking, only about 25% of our registered members are regular attenders so it would be really good to see that figure improve for our February meeting. Speaking of which, it will be well worth attending this year, because we have a new speaker and a new topic, albeit one that all of us as honey producers should have at least a working knowledge about. Our speaker for the meeting on 11th February will be Olga Wojciechowska and her topic will be “Food Hygiene and Honey; what YOU need to know.” Olga completed the Beginners’ Course last year and she and her partner, Mark, are both enthusiastic new beekeepers. But Olga also has specialist knowledge about Food Hygiene and the rules that apply to us all as honey producers. It would be far better to listen and act on what Olga has to say than to one day receive an unwelcome knock on the door from the local authority Environmental Health Section or even the Trading Standards people. We all have legal obligations as honey producers and ignorance of the Law has never been a defence in Court. For those who prefer more precise language here is the legal doctrine in Latin: Ignorans legis non excusat. I don’t think you need even the most basic education in Latin to work that one out! I for one, am looking forward to hearing what Olga has to say. We had a very lively meeting on Tuesday 21 January at which your committee took some important decisions on developing the Branch’s capacity to deliver top-class training, new equipment for the Branch apiary and delivered a response to what I can only describe as bullying behaviour by another beekeeping group. For details of the latter, please see my article “Black Bees and Black Balls” elsewhere in this issue. 3 www.plymouthbeekeepers.btik.com Those who know me well will be aware that I’m not the biggest fan of hereditary monarchy; in fact had I been around during the English Civil War, I would almost certainly have fought on Cromwell’s side, despite the fact that he was a po-faced, puritan misery who hated the idea of people actually having fun. However, I couldn’t resist sharing this amusing pentaptych: I think it’s a novel way of remembering which marker pen to reach for when you find that new queen! All the best, Terry 4 www.plymouthbeekeepers.btik.com BLACK BEES AND BLACK BALLS First, some terminology Apis Mellifera Mellifera The Dark European Honey Bee Apis Mellifera Mellifera (variant) The British Black Bee1 The B4 Project A Community Interest Company2 BIPCo Bee Improvement for Cornwall BIBBA Bee Improvement and Bee Breeders Association You may be puzzled by the title of this article, so let’s start with a definition and a brief bit of history. The origin of the word is described here: Blackballing is a rejection in a traditional form of secret ballot, where a white ball or ballot constitutes a vote in support and a black ball signifies opposition. The system is typically used where an organisation's rules provide that one or two objections, rather than an at-least-50% share of votes, are sufficient to defeat a proposition. Since the seventeenth century, these rules have commonly applied to elections to membership of many gentlemen's clubs and similar institutions such as Masonic lodges and fraternities. A large supply of black and white balls is provided for voters. Each voter audibly casts a single ball into the ballot box under cover of the box, or of a combination of a cloth and the box itself, so that observers can see who votes but not how they are voting. When all voting is complete, the box is opened and the balls displayed: all present can immediately see the result, without any means of knowing which members are objecting.3 1 aka the Cornish Black Bee (in Cornwall) and the Scottish Black Bee (in Scotland) 2 B4 Project is a Community Interest Company (CIC) representing a group of beekeepers whose aim is to protect the UK’s native dark honey bee, Apis Mellifera Mellifera. CICs were introduced in the UK in 2005 under the Companies Act 2004 3 Wikipedia 5 www.plymouthbeekeepers.btik.com The word ‘ballot’ is Italian for small ball, and the words ballot and ballot box have been used for decades in the context of elections to political office, even though voting is now done by marking a cross on the ballot paper. By now, you are probably wondering what all this has got to do with beekeeping: well do please read on. You will know that in 2017 a group of beekeepers set up what was called England’s first native honeybee reserve. The Black Bee Reserve was launched in Mount Edgcumbe Park in South-East Cornwall. This followed the identification by the B4 Project of an almost pure and distinctive population of black bees on the Rame Peninsula. The aim of the Mount Edgcumbe project was to help foster the perseveration of the Black Bee in Cornwall. Jean French, our Branch Secretary, decided to find out a bit more about the progress of the project, so late last year she attempted to join their Facebook Group. Now I’m a simple soul, so please correct me if I’m wrong, but it seems to me that if the Branch Secretary of a BBKA-affiliated beekeeping organisation applies to join a group of this nature, then he or she should be welcomed with open arms. But that was not the case: Jean was blackballed. I’ll reiterate that: the elected Branch Secretary of a BBKA- affiliated Branch, who out of pure interest, attempted to join a Facebook group dedicated to one particular aspect of beekeeping, was blackballed! I know not who made the decision to blackball our Branch Secretary (although I can hazard a guess) but I, and your Branch Committee, regard it as a gross insult to our Branch. I am aware that some members of our Branch are associated with the Mount Edgcumbe project, but from the point of its inception to date, at no time did anyone from B4 Project or the Mount Edgcumbe group make any attempt to contact Plymouth Branch of DBKA to discuss with us the aims of their project or ways in which our Branch could help them.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Life Cycles: Egg to Bee Free
    FREE LIFE CYCLES: EGG TO BEE PDF Camilla de La Bedoyere | 24 pages | 01 Mar 2012 | QED PUBLISHING | 9781848355859 | English | London, United Kingdom Tracking the Life Cycle of a Honey Bee - dummies As we remove the frames, glance over the thousands of busy bees, check for brood, check for capped honey, maybe spot the queen… then the frames go back in their slots and the hive is sealed up again. But in the hours spent away from our hives, thousands of tiny miracles are happening everyday. Within the hexagonal wax cells little lives are hatching out and joining the hive family. The whole process from egg to adult worker bee takes around 18 days. During the laying season late spring to summer the Queen bee is capable of laying over eggs per day. Her worker bees help direct her to the best prepared comb and she lays a single egg in each hexagon shaped cell. The size of the cell prepared determines the type of egg she lays. If the worker bees have prepared a worker size cell, she Life Cycles: Egg to Bee lay a fertilized egg. This egg will produce a female worker bee. If the worker bees have prepared a slightly larger cell, the queen will recognize this as a drone cell and lay an unfertilized egg. This will produce a male drone bee. It is the workers and not the queen that determine the ratio of workers to drones within the hive. In three days the egg hatches and a larva emerges. It looks very similar to a small maggot.
    [Show full text]
  • Honey Bee from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia
    Honey bee From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia A honey bee (or honeybee) is any member of the genus Apis, primarily distinguished by the production and storage of honey and the Honey bees construction of perennial, colonial nests from wax. Currently, only seven Temporal range: Oligocene–Recent species of honey bee are recognized, with a total of 44 subspecies,[1] PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N though historically six to eleven species are recognized. The best known honey bee is the Western honey bee which has been domesticated for honey production and crop pollination. Honey bees represent only a small fraction of the roughly 20,000 known species of bees.[2] Some other types of related bees produce and store honey, including the stingless honey bees, but only members of the genus Apis are true honey bees. The study of bees, which includes the study of honey bees, is known as melittology. Western honey bee carrying pollen Contents back to the hive Scientific classification 1 Etymology and name Kingdom: Animalia 2 Origin, systematics and distribution 2.1 Genetics Phylum: Arthropoda 2.2 Micrapis 2.3 Megapis Class: Insecta 2.4 Apis Order: Hymenoptera 2.5 Africanized bee 3 Life cycle Family: Apidae 3.1 Life cycle 3.2 Winter survival Subfamily: Apinae 4 Pollination Tribe: Apini 5 Nutrition Latreille, 1802 6 Beekeeping 6.1 Colony collapse disorder Genus: Apis 7 Bee products Linnaeus, 1758 7.1 Honey 7.2 Nectar Species 7.3 Beeswax 7.4 Pollen 7.5 Bee bread †Apis lithohermaea 7.6 Propolis †Apis nearctica 8 Sexes and castes Subgenus Micrapis: 8.1 Drones 8.2 Workers 8.3 Queens Apis andreniformis 9 Defense Apis florea 10 Competition 11 Communication Subgenus Megapis: 12 Symbolism 13 Gallery Apis dorsata 14 See also 15 References 16 Further reading Subgenus Apis: 17 External links Apis cerana Apis koschevnikovi Etymology and name Apis mellifera Apis nigrocincta The genus name Apis is Latin for "bee".[3] Although modern dictionaries may refer to Apis as either honey bee or honeybee, entomologist Robert Snodgrass asserts that correct usage requires two words, i.e.
    [Show full text]
  • Climate Change: Impact on Honey Bee Populations and Diseases
    Rev. sci. tech. Off. int. Epiz., 2008, 27 (2), 499-510 Climate change: impact on honey bee populations and diseases Y. Le Conte (1) & M. Navajas (2) (1) French National Institute for Agronomic Research (Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique - INRA), UMR 406 Abeilles et Environment (INRA/UAPV), Laboratoire Biologie et Protection de l’Abeille, Site Agroparc, Domaine Saint-Paul, 84914 Avignon Cedex 9, France (2) French National Institute for Agronomic Research (INRA), UMR CBGP (INRA/IRD/CIRAD/Montpellier SupAgro), Campus International de Baillarguet, CS 30016, 34988 Montferrier-sur-Lez Cedex, France Summary The European honey bee, Apis mellifera, is the most economically valuable pollinator of agricultural crops worldwide. Bees are also crucial in maintaining biodiversity by pollinating numerous plant species whose fertilisation requires an obligatory pollinator. Apis mellifera is a species that has shown great adaptive potential, as it is found almost everywhere in the world and in highly diverse climates. In a context of climate change, the variability of the honey bee’s life- history traits as regards temperature and the environment shows that the species possesses such plasticity and genetic variability that this could give rise to the selection of development cycles suited to new environmental conditions. Although we do not know the precise impact of potential environmental changes on honey bees as a result of climate change, there is a large body of data at our disposal indicating that environmental changes have a direct influence on honey bee development. In this article, the authors examine the potential impact of climate change on honey bee behaviour, physiology and distribution, as well as on the evolution of the honey bee’s interaction with diseases.
    [Show full text]
  • Magazinsicamm Conference 2012
    mellifera.ch Special Edition and Programme magazinSICAMM Conference 2012 Verein Schweizerischer Mellifera Bienenfreunde VSMB August 2012 SICAMM Conference 2012 Landquart (Switzerland) 31st of August 2012 to the 4th of September 2012 mellifera.ch mellifera.ch Inhalt SICAMM Conference 2012 Verein Schweizerischer Mellifera Bienenfreunde VSMB Cordial Welcome Board Cordial Welcome 3 President Vik Gisler Hochweg 2 Program SICAMM Conference 2012 4 6468 Attinghausen 041 870 91 51 Saturday, 1st September 2012 4 079 358 70 44 [email protected] Sunday, 2nd September 2012 5 Vice- Ernst Hämmerli Monday, 3nd September 2012 6 President Gostel 15 3234 Vinelz Excursion programme 7 032 338 19 23 [email protected] Presidential Welcome 8 Head of Breeding Reto Soland Gaicht 19 Dear Friends of the Dark Bees 9 2513 Twann 032 333 32 22 Welcome to Switzerland 10 [email protected] Factual Information on the History of the Actuary Linus Kempter Ahornstr.7 Dark Bee in Switzerland 11 9533 Kirchberg 071 931 16 52 [email protected] Beekeeping in Switzerland 19 Treasurer Irene Burch Abstracts 23 Fruttstrasse 12 6067 Melchtal Statistic Mating Stations 2012 28 079 669 59 68 [email protected] Dear friends of the Dark Bees Public Relation Hans-Ulrich Thomas Sponsors: Zeppelinstr.31 8057 Zürich It is my pleasure to welcome you all in the name of enrich the conference by sharing their knowledge 079 416 76 69 [email protected] the Swiss mellifera bee friends and the organizing with us. The core topic of the SICAMM, the conser- committee to this 11th SICAMM conference. This vation and breeding of the Dark Bee, will be dealt Conservation Projects Balser Fried Gelalunga 6 event is a fulfi llment of an old dream of mine which with from different perspectives.
    [Show full text]
  • Apis Mellifera)*
    Apidologie 37 (2006) 665–672 665 c INRA/DIB-AGIB/ EDP Sciences, 2006 DOI: 10.1051/apido:2006041 Original article The influence of small-cell brood combs on the morphometry of honeybees (Apis mellifera)* John B. MM,MarkJ.F.B School of Natural Sciences, Department of Zoology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland Received 19 July 2005 – Revised 23 January 2006 – Accepted 31 January 2006 Abstract – Until the late 1800s honeybees in Britain and Ireland were raised in brood cells of circa 5.0 mm width. By the 1920s this had increased to circa 5.5 mm. We undertook this study to find out if present-day honeybees could revert to the cell-size of the 1800s and to evaluate resulting changes in honeybee mor- phometry. Seven measurements were made; head width, radial cell length, trachea diameter, cubital index, discoidal shift, bee mass and abdominal markings. The study showed that the colonies of Apis mellifera mellifera bees had no apparent difficulty in drawing out the wax and raising brood in the reduced brood cells. Bees reared in these cells were significantly smaller, but this reduction was not in proportion (<20%) to the change in the brood-cell size in contrast to the strongly proportional relationship in other bee strains. Also the ratio of thorax width to cell width (‘fill factor’) was much larger in the Apis mellifera mellifera strain. Apis mellifera / morphometry / cell size / small cell / brood combs 1. INTRODUCTION The honeybee species Apis mellifera L. is made up of a number of geographical strains or subspecies that have developed largely as a result of natural selection, unhindered by man, in their native regions (Ruttner, 1988a).
    [Show full text]
  • Western Honey Bee Apis Mellifera
    A 3D Model set by Ken Gilliland 1 Nature’s Wonders Manual Introduction 3 Overview and Use 3 Creating a Bee in Poser ot DAZ Studio 4 The InsectCam 4 Pollen "Saddlebags" 4 Posing, Sizing and Poser Issues 4 Field Guide General Information about Honey Bees 5 List of Species Western Honey Bee 7 Resources, Credits and Thanks 12 Copyrighted 2020 by Ken Gilliland www.songbirdremix.com Opinions expressed on this booklet are solely that of the author, Ken Gilliland, and may or may not reflect the opinions of the publisher. 2 Nature’s Wonders Introduction The Nature’s Wonders Bee model allows the creation of many species with the superfamily, Apoidea, which containing at least 5,700 species of bees and wasps. The model supports the creation of Honey bees, Bumblebees, Wasps, Hornets, Yellow Jackets, Daubers and Cicada Killers. This set contains character presets and textures for the Western Honey Bee (Queen/Worker/Drone). Honey bees are native to Eurasia, but spread to four other continents by humans. There are only seven species of honey bee that are recognized, with a total of 44 subspecies. Honey bees represent only a small fraction of the roughly 20,000 known species of bees. The study of bees, which includes the study of honey bees, is known as “Melittology”. Bees show an advanced level of social organization, in which a single female or caste produces the offspring and non-reproductive individuals cooperate in caring for the young. They are known for construction of perennial, colonial nests from wax, for the large size of their colonies, and for their surplus production and storage of honey, distinguishing their hives as a prized foraging target of many animals, including honey badgers, bears and human hunter-gatherers.
    [Show full text]
  • Pacific Horticultural and Agricultural Market Access Program (PHAMA) Technical Report 34: Disease Survey of Honey Bees in Vanuatu (VAN10)
    Pacific Horticultural and Agricultural Market Access Program (PHAMA) Technical Report 34: Disease Survey of Honey Bees in Vanuatu (VAN10) 15 APRIL 2013 Prepared for AusAID 255 London Circuit Canberra ACT 2601 AUSTRALIA 42444103 Technical Report 34: Disease Survey of Honey Bees in Vanuatu (VAN10) Project Manager: …………………………… Sarah Nicolson URS Australia Pty Ltd Level 4, 70 Light Square Adelaide SA 5000 Australia Project Director: T: 61 8 8366 1000 …………………………… F: 61 8 8366 1001 Robert Ingram Author: Byron Taylor and Tony Roper AsureQuality NZ Ltd Reviewer: Dale Hamilton Date: 15 April 2013 Reference: 42444103 Status: Final © Document copyright URS Australia Pty Ltd This report is submitted on the basis that it remains commercial-in-confidence. The contents of this report are and remain the intellectual property of URS and are not to be provided or disclosed to third parties without the prior written consent of URS. No use of the contents, concepts, designs, drawings, specifications, plans etc. included in this report is permitted unless and until they are the subject of a written contract between URS Australia and the addressee of this report. URS Australia accepts no liability of any kind for any unauthorised use of the contents of this report and URS reserves the right to seek compensation for any such unauthorised use. Document delivery URS Australia provides this document in either printed format, electronic format or both. URS considers the printed version to be binding. The electronic format is provided for the client’s convenience and URS requests that the client ensures the integrity of this electronic information is maintained.
    [Show full text]
  • Report on Beekeeping in the Netherlands 1 Climate
    Report on beekeeping in the Netherlands 1 Climate Honeybees in the Netherlands live in a moderate maritime climate. This means that the summers are cool and the winters are mild. Because the Netherlands is on a dividing line of the western airstreams coming from the sea and eastern airstreams coming from the European mainland, the weather patterns are strongly fluctuating in all seasons. The weather is highly unpredictable with rainfall throughout the year. On average precipitation occurs 7,6% of the time, be it as rainfall, hail, snow or fog. Below are two long term averages that give a good impression of the circumstances in the Netherlands. The graph shows resp. Average highest; average lowest extremes; average temperature, average amount of rain and average sun hours during each month. The map shows the regional rainfall that, as you can see, varies substantially in some areas. Although we have a flat country, there are some landmarks which influence the weather. Rivers, lakes and forest play a big role, but even the main soil in an area has an influence. Page 1 These long term averages give a reliable view of the Dutch climate. But depending on the main direction of the wind, be it in summer or winter, extreme deviations from the averages can occur. These extremes are mostly short term. The highest temperature ever recorded in the Netherlands was 38.6 degrees Celsius and the coldest temperature -27.4 degrees Celsius. (101.5 °F, -17.3 °F) Page 2 2 The Nectar flows The Netherlands has, besides urban areas, a relative high percentage of the land in use for agriculture and cattle breeding.
    [Show full text]
  • An Introduction to Understanding Honeybees, Their Origins, Evolution and Diversity by Ashleigh Milner
    An introduction to understanding honeybees, their origins, evolution and diversity by Ashleigh Milner · What are honeybees anyway? · The origins of honeybees · The development of subspecies · The present situation · Which bee? o Apis mellifera ligustica o Apis mellifera carnica o Apis mellifera caucasica o Apis mellifera mellifera - the native bee of northern Europe · What of the future? · So why the native bee? · Acknowledgements What are honeybees, anyway? Bees of all kinds belong to the order of insects known as Hymenoptera, literally "membrane wings". This order, comprising some 100,000 species, also includes wasps, ants, ichneumons and sawflies. Of the 25,000 or more described species of bees (more are recognised every year) the majority are solitary bees most of which lay their eggs in tunnels, which they excavate themselves. In some species small numbers of females may share a single tunnel system, and in other cases there may be a semi/social organisation involving a hierarchical order among the females, These bees provide a supply of food (honey and pollen) for the larvae, but there is no progressive feeding of the larvae by the adult bees. Honeybees belong to the family of social bees which includes bumble bees and the tropical stingless bees of the genus Meliponinae. The social bees nest in colonies headed by a single fertile female, the queen, which is generally the only egg layer in the colony. Foraging for nectar and other tasks such as feeding the queen and the larvae, cleaning brood cells and removing debris, are carried out by a caste of females, the Workers.
    [Show full text]
  • Status Review of Three Formerly Common Species of Bumble Bee in the Subgenus Bombus
    Status Review of Three Formerly Common Species of Bumble Bee in the Subgenus Bombus Bombus affinis (the rusty patched bumble bee), B. terricola (the yellowbanded bumble bee), and B. occidentalis (the western bumble bee) Photograph of Bombus affinis by Johanna James, 2008 Prepared by: Elaine Evans (The Xerces Society), Dr. Robbin Thorp (U.C. Davis), Sarina Jepsen (The Xerces Society), and Scott Hoffman Black (The Xerces Society) 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS I. Executive Summary………………………………..……………………………. 3 II. Biology, Habitat Requirements, Pollination Ecology, and Taxonomy…………. 4 A. Biology…………………………………………………………………. 4 B. Habitat requirements…………………………………………………… 6 C. Pollination Ecology…………………………………………………….. 6 D. Taxonomy……………………………………………………………… 6 III. The rusty patched bumble bee, Bombus affinis Cresson……………………….. 7 A. Species Description…………………………………………………….. 7 B. Pollination Ecology…………………………………………………….. 8 C. Population Distribution and Status…………………………………….. 9 IV. The yellowbanded bumble bee, Bombus terricola Kirby……………………… 13 A. Species Description…………………………………………………….. 13 B. Pollination Ecology…………………………………………………….. 14 C. Population Distribution and Status…………………………………….. 14 V. The western bumble bee, Bombus occidentalis Greene………………………… 17 A. Species Description…………………………………………………….. 17 B. Pollination Ecology…………………………………………………….. 18 C. Population Distribution and Status…………………………………….. 19 VI. Current and Potential Threats – Summary of Factors for Consideration……… 24 A. Spread of Diseases and Pests by Commercial Bumble Bee Producers... 24
    [Show full text]
  • Apis Mellifera Mellifera): Estimating C-Lineage Introgression in Nordic Breeding Stocks
    Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section A — Animal Science ISSN: (Print) (Online) Journal homepage: https://www.tandfonline.com/loi/saga20 Conservation of the dark bee (Apis mellifera mellifera): Estimating C-lineage introgression in Nordic breeding stocks L. F. Groeneveld , L. A. Kirkerud , B. Dahle , M. Sunding , M. Flobakk , M. Kjos , D. Henriques , M. A. Pinto & P. Berg To cite this article: L. F. Groeneveld , L. A. Kirkerud , B. Dahle , M. Sunding , M. Flobakk , M. Kjos , D. Henriques , M. A. Pinto & P. Berg (2020) Conservation of the dark bee (Apismellifera mellifera): Estimating C-lineage introgression in Nordic breeding stocks, Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section A — Animal Science, 69:3, 157-168, DOI: 10.1080/09064702.2020.1770327 To link to this article: https://doi.org/10.1080/09064702.2020.1770327 View supplementary material Published online: 01 Jun 2020. Submit your article to this journal Article views: 102 View related articles View Crossmark data Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at https://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=saga20 ACTA AGRICULTURAE SCANDINAVICA, SECTION A — ANIMAL SCIENCE 2020, VOL. 69, NO. 3, 157–168 https://doi.org/10.1080/09064702.2020.1770327 Conservation of the dark bee (Apis mellifera mellifera): Estimating C-lineage introgression in Nordic breeding stocks* L. F. Groenevelda, L. A. Kirkerudb, B. Dahleb,c, M. Sundingd, M. Flobakke, M. Kjose, D. Henriquesf, M. A. Pintof and P. Bergg aFarm Animal Section, The Nordic Genetic Resource Center, Ås, Norway;
    [Show full text]
  • Beekeeping Glossary
    Beekeeping Glossary Version: 1/19/2018 A Abdomen – the posterior or third region of the body of a bee enclosing the honey stomach, true stomach, intestine, sting, and reproductive organs. Absconding swarm – a swarm composed of an entire colony of bees abandons the hive due to disease, pests, parasites, or other maladies. Africanized Honey Bee (AHB) - a race of bees, Apis mellifera scutellata. Created in an attempt to increase bee production. Highly productive and also highly aggressive. Afterswarm - the secondary or tertiary swarm that leave the hive after the first swarm of the season. Afterswarms usually have virgin queens. Alighting Board – a small projection or platform at the entrance of the hive. Also referred to as a Landing Board. American foulbrood (AFB) – a brood disease of honey bees caused by the spore-forming bacterium, Bacillus larvae. Ambrosia - see Bee bread Anaphylactic shock – constriction of the muscles surrounding the bronchial tubes of a human, caused by hypersensitivity to venom and potentially resulting in death unless immediate medical attention is received. Antenna - pl. antennae - the long, thin sensory organs on the bee's head, used for taste and smell. Anther - a component of the flower where pollen grains are produced. Part of the stamen. Apiary – colonies, hives, and other equipment assembled in one location for beekeeping operations; bee yard. Apiculture – the science and art of raising honey bees. Apis mellifera – scientific name of the honey bee found in the United States. Attendants - worker bees that are attending the queen. When used in the context of queens in cages, these are the workers that are added to the cage to care for the queen.
    [Show full text]