SILVOPASTURE REFERENCES

Abberton, M., Conant, R., and Batello, C. (2010). Plant Production and Protection Division Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). 342.

Albrecht, A., and Kandji, S.T. (2003). Carbon sequestration in tropical agroforestry systems. Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. 99, 15–27.

Andrade, H.J., Brook, R., and Ibrahim, M. (2008). Growth, production and carbon sequestration of silvopastoral systems with native timber species in the dry lowlands of Costa Rica. Plant Soil 308, 11–22.

Benavides, R., Douglas, G.B., and Osoro, K. (2009). Silvopastoralism in New Zealand: review of effects of evergreen and deciduous trees on pasture dynamics. Agrofor. Syst. 76, 327–350.

Calle, A. (2008). Using PES and technical assistance to promote silvopastoral systems in Quindío, Colombia: Attitude change as a key to permanent adoption. MES Thesis Yale Univ. Sch. For. Environ. Stud. N. Hav. CT.

Calle, A., Montagnini, F., and Zuluaga, A.F. (2009). Le Point sur... Systemes Silvo-Pastoraux: Farmer’s perceptions of silvopastoral system promotion in Quindío, Colombia.

Covey, K.R., Wood, S.A., Warren, R.J., Lee, X., and Bradford, M.A. (2012). Elevated methane concentrations in trees of an upland forest. Geophys. Res. Lett. 39.

Cubbage, F., Balmelli, G., Bussoni, A., Noellemeyer, E., Pachas, A.N., Fassola, H., Colcombet, L., Rossner, B., Frey, G., Dube, F., et al. (2012). Comparing silvopastoral systems and prospects in eight regions of the world. Agrofor. Syst. 86, 303–314.

De Pinto, A. (2017). Cropland Restoration as an Essential Component to the Forest Landscape Restoration Approach—Global Effects of Wide-Scale Adoption (IFPRI).

Dixon, A.P., Faber-Langendoen, D., Josse, C., Morrison, J., and Loucks, C.J. (2014). Distribution mapping of world grassland types. J. Biogeogr. 41, 2003–2019.

Dong, H., Mangino, J., McAllister, T., and Have, D. (2006). Chapter 10: Emissions from livestock and manure management. In 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories, (Hayama, Japan: Institute for Global Environmental Strategies), p.

DRAWDOWN.ORG — FEBRUARY 2020 PAGE 1 OF 4 Dube, F., Thevathasan, N.V., Zagal, E., Gordon, A.M., Stolpe, N.B., and Espinosa, M. (2011). Carbon sequestration potential of silvopastoral and other land use systems in the Chilean Patagonia. In Carbon Sequestration Potential of Agroforestry Systems, (Springer), pp. 101–127.

FAO (2016). FAO Statistical Service Online.

Feliciano et al (2018). Which agroforestry options give the greatest soil and above ground carbon benefits in different world regions? Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. 254, 117–129.

Fernández-Núñez, E., Rigueiro-Rodríguez, A., and Mosquera-Losada, M.R. (2010). Carbon allocation dynamics one decade after afforestation with Pinus radiata D. Don and Betula alba L. under two stand densities in NW Spain. Ecol. Eng. 36, 876–890.

Harvey, C.A., Chacón, M., Donatti, C.I., Garen, E., Hannah, L., Andrade, A., Bede, L., Brown, D., Calle, A., Chará, J., et al. (2014). Climate-Smart Landscapes: Opportunities and Challenges for Integrating Adaptation and Mitigation in Tropical Agriculture: Climate-smart landscapes. Conserv. Lett. 7, 77–90. den Herder, et al. (2017). Current extent and trends of agroforestry in the EU27.

Holmann, F., Rivas, L., Argel, P., and Pérez, E. (2004). Impact of the adoption of Brachiaria grasses: Central America and Mexico. Livest. Res. Rural Dev. 16, 1–13.

Houghton, R.A., and Nassikas, A.A. (2017). Global and regional fluxes of carbon from land use and land cover change 1850-2015: Carbon Emissions From Land Use. Glob. Biogeochem. Cycles 31, 456–472.

Ibrahim, M., Chacón, M., Cuartas, C., Naranjo, J., Ponce, G., Vega, P., Casasola, F., and Rojas, J. (2007). Almacenamiento de carbono en el suelo y la biomasa arbórea en sistemas de usos de la tierra en paisajes ganaderos de Colombia, Costa Rica y Nicaragua. 10.

IPCC (2006) 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories: Chapter 10 Emissions from Livestock and Manure Management. https://www.ipcc- nggip.iges.or.jp/public/2006gl/pdf/4_Volume4/V4_10_Ch10_Livestock.pdf

Karki, U., and Goodman, M.S. (2015). Microclimatic differences between mature loblolly-pine silvopasture and open-pasture. Agrofor. Syst. 89, 319–325.

Lal, R., Smith, P., Jungkunst, H.F., Mitsch, W.J., Lehmann, J., Nair, P.K.R., McBratney, A.B., de Moraes Sá, J.C., Schneider, J., Zinn, Y.L., et al. (2018). The carbon sequestration potential of terrestrial ecosystems. J. Soil Water Conserv. 73, 145A-152A.

Lasco (2006). 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories - Volume 5.

DRAWDOWN.ORG — FEBRUARY 2020 PAGE 2 OF 4 Lorenz, K., and Lal, R. (2018). Carbon Sequestration in Agricultural Ecosystems (Cham: Springer International Publishing).

Machmuller, M.B., Kramer, M.G., Cyle, T.K., Hill, N., Hancock, D., and Thompson, A. (2015). Emerging land use practices rapidly increase soil organic matter. Nat. Commun. 6.

Mercer, D.E., Frey, G.E., and Cubbage, F.W. (2014). Economics of Agroforestry. 22.

Montagnini, F. (2015). Función de los sistemas agroforestales en la adaptación y mitigación del cambio climático. In Sistemas Agroforestales: Funciones Productivas, Socioeconómicas y Ambientales, (Turrialba, Costa Rica: CATIE), pp. 269–298.

Montagnini, F., Ibrahim, M., and Murgueitio Restrepo, E. (2013). Silvopastoral systems and climate change mitigation in Latin America. Bois Forets Trop. 316.

Mosquera-Losada, M., Rigueiro-Rodríguez, A., McAdam, J., and others (2005). Silvopastoralism and sustainable land management. Proceedings of an international congress on silvopastoralism and sustainable management held in Lugo, Spain, April 2004. In Silvopastoralism and Sustainable Land Management. Proceedings of an International Congress on Silvopastoralism and Sustainable Management Held in Lugo, Spain, April 2004., (CABI Publishing), p.

Nair (2012). Climate Change Mitigation: A Low-Hanging Fruit of Agroforestry. In Agroforestry - The Future of Global Land Use, Nair, and D. Garrity, eds. (Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands), pp. 31–67.

Nair, Kumar, and Nair (2009). Agroforestry as a strategy for carbon sequestration. J. Plant Nutr. Soil Sci. 172, 10–23.

Orefice, J., Carroll, J., Conroy, D., and Ketner, L. (2017). Silvopasture practices and perspectives in the Northeastern United States. Agrofor. Syst. 91, 149–160.

Oviedo, J.L., Ovando, P., Forero, L., Huntsinger, L., Álvarez, A., Mesa, B., and Campos, P. (2013). The Private Economy of Dehesas and Ranches: Case Studies. In Mediterranean Oak Woodland Working Landscapes, P. Campos, L. Huntsinger, J.L. Oviedo Pro, P.F. Starrs, M. Diaz, R.B. Standiford, and G. Montero, eds. (Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands), pp. 389–424.

Paciullo, D.S.C., de Castro, C.R.T., Gomide, C.A. de M., Maurício, R.M., Pires, M. de F.Á., Müller, M.D., and Xavier, D.F. (2011). Performance of dairy heifers in a silvopastoral system. Livest. Sci. 141, 166–172.

Pagiola, S., Ramírez, E., Gobbi, J., de Haan, C., Ibrahim, M., Murgueitio, E., and Ruíz, J.P. (2007). Paying for the environmental services of silvopastoral practices in Nicaragua. Ecol. Econ. 64, 374–385.

DRAWDOWN.ORG — FEBRUARY 2020 PAGE 3 OF 4 Pimentel, D., Cerasale, D., Stanley, R.C., Perlman, R., Newman, E.M., Brent, L.C., Mullan, A., and Chang, D.T.-I. (2012). Annual vs. perennial grain production. Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. 161, 1–9.

Pinheiro, F.M., and Nair, P.K.R. (2018). Silvopasture in the Caatinga biome of Brazil: A review of its ecology, management, and development opportunities. For. Syst. 27, eR01S.

Rocha, C., Cardenas, C.A., and Mora Delgado, J. (2013). Costos de establecimiento de un sistema silvopastoril de sauco (Sambucus nigra) y Kikuyo (Penisetum clandestinum) en Roncesvalles (Tolima). Agroforestería Neotropical 3, 9.

Rosenstock, T., Wilkes, A., Jallo, C., Namoi, N., Bulusu, M., Suber, M., Bernard, F., and Mboi, D. (2018). Making Trees Count (CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS)).

Schoeneberger, M.M. (2009). Agroforestry: working trees for sequestering carbon on agricultural lands. Agrofor. Syst. 75, 27–37.

Somarriba, E., Beer, J., Alegre-Orihuela, J., Andrade, H.J., Cerda, R., DeClerck, F., Detlefsen, G., Escalante, M., Giraldo, L.A., Ibrahim, M., et al. (2012). Mainstreaming Agroforestry in Latin America. In Agroforestry - The Future of Global Land Use, P.K.R. Nair, and D. Garrity, eds. (Springer Netherlands), pp. 429–453.

Thornton, P.K., and Herrero, M. (2010). Potential for reduced methane and carbon dioxide emissions from livestock and pasture management in the tropics. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 107, 19667–19672.

Toensmeier, E. (2016). The carbon farming solution: a global toolkit of perennial crops and regenerative agriculture practices for climate change mitigation and food security (White River Junction, Vermont: Chelsea Green Publishing).

Toensmeier, E. (2017). Perennial Staple Crops and Agroforestry for Climate Change Mitigation. In Integrating Landscapes: Agroforestry for Biodiversity Conservation and Food Sovereignty, F. Montagnini, ed. (Cham: Springer International Publishing), pp. 439–451.

Yamamoto, W., Dewi, I.A., and Ibrahim, M. (2007). Effects of silvopastoral areas on milk production at dual-purpose cattle farms at the semi-humid old agricultural frontier in central Nicaragua. Agric. Syst. 94, 368–375.

Zomer, R.., Trabucco A, Coe, R., Place, F., van Noordwijk, M., and Xu, J.. (2014). Trees on farms: an update and reanalysis of agroforestry’s global extent and socio-ecological characteristics (World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF)).

Zomer, R.J., Trabucco, A., Coe, R., and Place, F. (2009). Trees on Farm: Analysis of Global Extent and Geographic Patterns of Agroforestry (Nairobi, Kenya: World Agroforestry Centre).

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