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References AFFORESTATION AFFORESTATION Drawdown Technical Assessment References Agyeman, V. K., Marfo, K. A., Kasanga, K. R., Danso, E., Asare, A. B., Yeboah, O. M., & Agyeman, F. (2003). Revising the taungya plantation system: new revenue-sharing proposals from Ghana. Unasylva, 54(1), 40-43. Aide, T. M., Zimmerman, J. K., Pascarella, J. B., Rivera, L., & Marcano-Vega, H. (2000). Forest regeneration in a chronosequence of tropical abandoned pastures: implications for restoration ecology. Restoration ecology, 8(4), 328-338. Aide, T. M., Clark, M. L., Grau, H. R., López-Carr, D., Levy, M. A., Redo, D., ... & Muñiz, M. (2013). Deforestation and reforestation of Latin America and the Caribbean (2001–2010). Biotropica, 45(2), 262- 271. Baccini, A. G. S. J., Goetz, S. J., Walker, W. S., Laporte, N. T., Sun, M., Sulla-Menashe, D., ... & Houghton, R. A. (2012). Estimated carbon dioxide emissions from tropical deforestation improved by carbon-density maps. Nature Climate Change, 2(3), 182-185. Backéus, S., Wikström, P., & Lämås, T. (2005). A model for regional analysis of carbon sequestration and timber production. Forest ecology and management,216(1), 28-40. Balooni, K., (n.d.) Economics of wastelands afforestation in India, a review. New Forests 26, 101–136. doi:10.1023/A:1024494010538 Barford, C. C., Wofsy, S. C., Goulden, M. L., Munger, J. W., Pyle, E. H., Urbanski, S. P., ... & Moore, K. (2001). Factors controlling long-and short-term sequestration of atmospheric CO2 in a mid-latitude forest. Science, 294(5547), 1688-1691. Betts, R. A. (2000). Offset of the potential carbon sink from boreal forestation by decreases in surface albedo. Nature, 408(6809), 187-190. Bonner, M. T., Schmidt, S., & Shoo, L. P. (2013). A meta-analytical global comparison of aboveground biomass accumulation between tropical secondary forests and monoculture plantations. Forest ecology and management, 291, 73-86. Bonan, G. B. (2008). Forests and climate change: forcings, feedbacks, and the climate benefits of forests. science, 320(5882), 1444-1449. Boyd, E. (2009). Governing the Clean Development Mechanism: global rhetoric versus local realities in carbon sequestration projects. Environment and planning. A, 41(10), 2380. Brauman, K. A., Freyberg, D. L., & Daily, G. C. (2014). Impacts of Land-Use Change on Groundwater Supply: Ecosystem Services Assessment in Kona, Hawaii. Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management, A4014001 Brockerhoff, E. G., Jactel, H., Parrotta, J. A., Quine, C. P., & Sayer, J. (2008). Plantation forests and biodiversity: oxymoron or opportunity?. Biodiversity and Conservation, 17(5), 925-951. Buongiorno, J., Zhu, S., 2014. Assessing the impact of planted forests on the global forest economy. N.Z. j. of For. Sci. 44, 1–9. doi:10.1186/1179-5395-44-S1-S2 Cao, S. (2008). Why large-scale afforestation efforts in China have failed to solve the desertification problem. Environmental Science & Technology, 42(6), 1826-1831. Carle, J., Vuorinen, P.,& Del Lungo, A. (2002) Status and Trends in Global Forest Plantation Development. Forest Products Journal. 52(7), 1-13. Chhatre, A., & Agrawal, A. (2009). Trade-offs and synergies between carbon storage and livelihood benefits from forest commons. Proceedings of the national Academy of sciences, 106(42), 17667-17670. Chen, G. S., Yang, Y. S., Xie, J. S., Guo, J. F., Gao, R., & Qian, W. (2005). Conversion of a natural broad- leafed evergreen forest into pure plantation forests in a subtropical area: effects on carbon storage. Annals of forest science, 62(7), 659-668. Clemmensen, K. E., Finlay, R. D., Dahlberg, A., Stenlid, J., Wardle, D. A., & Lindahl, B. D. (2015). Carbon sequestration is related to mycorrhizal fungal community shifts during long-term succession in boreal forests. New Phytologist, 205(4), 1525-1536. Coomes, O. T., Grimard, F., Potvin, C., & Sima, P. (2008). The fate of the tropical forest: Carbon or cattle?. Ecological Economics, 65(2), 207-212. Cubbage, F., Mac Donagh, P., Júnior, J. S., Rubilar, R., Donoso, P., Ferreira, A., ... & Alvarez, J. (2007). Timber investment returns for selected plantations and native forests in South America and the Southern United States. New Forests, 33(3), 237-255. Dale, V. H., Joyce, L. A., McNulty, S., Neilson, R. P., Ayres, M. P., Flannigan, M. D., ... & Michael Wotton, B. (2001). Climate change and forest disturbances: climate change can affect forests by altering the frequency, intensity, duration, and timing of fire, drought, introduced species, insect and pathogen outbreaks, hurricanes, windstorms, ice storms, or landslides. BioScience, 51(9), 723-734. Dewar, R. C., & Cannell, M. G. (1992). Carbon sequestration in the trees, products and soils of forest plantations: an analysis using UK examples. Tree physiology, 11(1), 49-71. FAO. (2010). Global Forest Resources Assessment 2010. Rome: FAO. Farley, K. A. (2010). Pathways to forest transition: Local case studies from the Ecuadorian Andes. Journal of Latin American Geography, 9(2), 7-26. Farley, K. A., Piñeiro, G., Palmer, S. M., Jobbágy, E. G., & Jackson, R. B. (2008). Stream acidification and base cation losses with grassland afforestation.Water Resources Research, 44(7). Gibbs, H. K., Brown, S., Niles, J. O., & Foley, J. A. (2007). Monitoring and estimating tropical forest carbon stocks: making REDD a reality. Environmental Research Letters, 2(4), 045023. Gibbs, H.K., Salmon, J.M., 2015. Mapping the world’s degraded lands. Applied Geography 57, 12–21. doi:10.1016/j.apgeog.2014.11.024 Global forest resources assessment 2015. (2015). Retrieved April 25, 2017 from http://www.fao.org/3/a- i4808e.pdf Goldman-Benner, R. L., Benitez, S., Boucher, T., Calvache, A., Daily, G., Kareiva, P., ... & Ramos, A. (2012). Water funds and payments for ecosystem services: practice learns from theory and theory can learn from practice. Oryx,46(01), 55-63. Goulden, M. L., Munger, J. W., Fan, S. M., Daube, B. C., & Wofsy, S. C. (1996). Exchange of carbon dioxide by a deciduous forest: response to interannual climate variability. Science, 271(5255). Guariguata, M. R., & Ostertag, R. (2001). Neotropical secondary forest succession: changes in structural and functional characteristics. Forest ecology and management, 148(1), 185-206. Henders, S., & Ostwald, M. (2012). Forest carbon leakage quantification methods and their suitability for assessing leakage in REDD. Forests, 3(1), 33-58. Holl, K. D., & Zahawi, R. A. (2014). Factors explaining variability in woody above-ground biomass accumulation in restored tropical forest. Forest Ecology and Management, 319, 36-43. Houghton, R. A. (2003). Revised estimates of the annual net flux of carbon to the atmosphere from changes in land use and land management 1850–2000.Tellus B, 55(2), 378-390. Huang, L., Liu, J., Shao, Q., & Xu, X. (2012). Carbon sequestration by forestation across China: past, present, and future. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 16(2), 1291-1299. Hyvönen, R., Ågren, G. I., Linder, S., Persson, T., Cotrufo, M. F., Ekblad, A., ... & Wallin, G. (2007). The likely impact of elevated [CO2], nitrogen deposition, increased temperature and management on carbon sequestration in temperate and boreal forest ecosystems: a literature review. New Phytologist, 173(3), 463-480. IPCC 2000. Land Use, Land-Use Change, and Forestry: Summary for Policymakers : A Special Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Geneva: WMO (World Meteorological Organization) : UNEP (United Nations Environment Programme). Jackson, R. B., Jobbágy, E. G., Avissar, R., Roy, S. B., Barrett, D. J., Cook, C. W., ... & Murray, B. C. (2005). Trading water for carbon with biological carbon sequestration. Science, 310(5756), 1944-1947. Jacobson, M. G., Greene, J. L., Straka, T. J., Daniels, S. E., & Kilgore, M. A. (2009). Influence and effectiveness of financial incentive programs in promoting sustainable forestry in the south. Southern journal of applied forestry, 33(1), 35-41. Jobbagy, E. G., & Jackson, R. B. (2004). Groundwater use and salinization with grassland afforestation. Global Change Biology, 10(8), 1299-1312. Kormos 2016. Cyril Kormos Presentation for Drawdown Speaker Series, 10-12-2016. Lamb, D., Erskine, P. D., & Parrotta, J. A. (2005). Restoration of degraded tropical forest landscapes. Science, 310(5754), 1628-1632. Lambin, E. F., & Meyfroidt, P. (2011). Global land use change, economic globalization, and the looming land scarcity. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 108(9), 3465-3472. Liao, C., Luo, Y., Fang, C., & Li, B. (2010). Ecosystem carbon stock influenced by plantation practice: implications for planting forests as a measure of climate change mitigation. PloS one, 5(5), e10867. Liu, Y. Y., van Dijk, A. I., de Jeu, R. A., Canadell, J. G., McCabe, M. F., Evans, J. P., & Wang, G. (2015). Recent reversal in loss of global terrestrial biomass. Nature Climate Change. Lubowski, R. N., Plantinga, A. J., & Stavins, R. N. (2006). Land-use change and carbon sinks: econometric estimation of the carbon sequestration supply function. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 51(2), 135-152. Luyssaert, S., Schulze, E.-D., Börner, A., Knohl, A., Hessenmöller, D., Law, B.E., Ciais, P., Grace, J., (2008). Old-growth forests as global carbon sinks. Nature 455, 213–215. doi:10.1038/nature07276 Metz, B. (2007). Climate change 2007: mitigation of climate change. Retrieved April 25, 2017, from https://www.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar4/wg3/ar4-wg3-chapter9.pdf, table 9.3 Martin, P. A., Newton, A. C., & Bullock, J. M. (2013). Carbon pools recover more quickly than plant biodiversity in tropical secondary forests. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B: Biological Sciences, 280(1773), 20132236. Masera, O. R., Garza-Caligaris, J. F., Kanninen, M., Karjalainen, T., Liski, J., Nabuurs, G. J., ... & Mohren, G. M. J. (2003). Modeling carbon sequestration in afforestation, agroforestry and forest management projects: the CO2FIX V. 2 approach. Ecological modelling, 164(2), 177-199. McGrath, J. M., & Lobell, D. B. (2013). Regional disparities in the CO2 fertilization effect and implications for crop yields. Environmental Research Letters, 8(1), 014054. McKinley, D. C., Ryan, M. G., Birdsey, R. A., Giardina, C.
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