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6. Intelligent Vehicle Initiative v Advanced Public Transportation Systems: The State of the Art Update 2000 Prepared for: Federal Transit Administration Office of Research, Demonstration and Innovation Office of Mobility Innovation Advanced Public Transportation Systems Division 400 7th Street, SW Washington, DC 20590 Prepared by: Research and Special Programs Administration Volpe National Transportation Systems Center Office of System and Economic Assessment Operations Assessment Division 55 Broadway, Kendall Square Cambridge, MA 02142 vi REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE Form Approved OMB No. 0704-0188 Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden, to Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports, 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302, and to the Office of Management and Budget, Paperwork Reduction Project (0704-0188), Washington, DC 20503. 1. AGENCY USE ONLY (Leave blank) 2. REPORT DATE 3. REPORT TYPE AND DATES COVERED December 2000 Final Report August 1999-September 2000 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE 5. FUNDING NUMBERS Advanced Public Transportation Systems: The State of the Art Update 2000 TT050/U0197 6. AUTHOR(S) Robert F. Casey, Lawrence N. Labell, Leisa Moniz, Jackson W. Royal, Michael Sheehan, Terry Sheehan, Alex Brown1, Malinda Foy1, Margaret Zirker1, Carol L. Schweiger2, Buck Marks2, Bruce Kaplan2, and Doug Parker2 7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION U.S. Department of Transportation REPORT NUMBER Research and Special Programs Administration John A. Volpe National Transportation Systems Center DOT-VNTSC-FTA-99-5 Cambridge, MA 02142-1093 9. SPONSORING/MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 10. SPONSORING/MONITORING U.S. Department of Transportation AGENCY REPORT NUMBER Federal Transit Administration Office of Mobility Innovation, TRI-10 FTA-MA-26-7007-00-1 400 Seventh Street, SW Washington, DC 20590 11. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES 1 EG&G, 2 Multisystems, Inc. 12a. DISTRIBUTION/AVAILABILITY STATEMENT 12b. DISTRIBUTION CODE This document is available to the public through the National Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA 22161 13. ABSTRACT (Maximum 200 words) I This report documents work performed under FTA's Advanced Public Transportation Systems (APTS) Program, a program structured to undertake research and development of innovative applications of advanced navigation, communication, information, computer, and vehicle technologies that most benefit public transportation. This report is the latest in a series of State-of-the-Art reports, the last of which was published in January 1998. It contains the results of an investigation of the extent of adoption of advanced technology in the provision of public transportation service in North America. It focused on some of the most innovative or comprehensive implementations, categorized under five types of service/technologies: Fleet Management, Traveler Information, Electronic Fare Payment, Transportation Demand Management, and Intelligent Vehicle Initiative. The objective of this effort was to increase the industry's knowledge of successful applications of advanced technologies with the expectation that this will lead to their widespread adoption. 14. SUBJECT TERMS 15. NUMBER OF PAGES Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS), Advanced Public 220 Transportation Systems (APTS), Advanced Technology Transit Applications, Automatic Vehicle Location, Transit Information 16. PRICE CODE Systems, Transit Communication Systems, Transit Control Systems, Transit Fleet Management, Traveler Information, Electronic Fare Payment, Travel Demand Management, Intelligent Vehicle Initiative vii 17. SECURITY 18. SECURITY 19. SECURITY 20. LIMITATION OF CLASSIFICATION CLASSIFICATION CLASSIFICATION ABSTRACT OF REPORT OF THIS PAGE OF ABSTRACT Unclassified Unclassified Unclassified NSN 7540-01-280-5500 Standard Form 298 (Rev. 2-89) Prescribed by ANSI Std. 239-18 298-102 PREFACE This report contains the results of a limited investigation of the extent of adoption of advanced technology in the provision of public transportation service in North America. The objective of this effort was to increase the industry’s knowledge of successful applications of advanced technologies with the expectation that this will lead to their widespread adoption. This research was conducted by the Volpe National Transportation Systems Center of the United States Department of Transportation, Research and Special Programs Administration, and was sponsored by Walter Kulyk, Director, Office of Mobility Innovation of the Federal Transit Administration. Appreciation goes to all of the researchers and professionals who supplied information for this report, most of whom are listed as contacts in Appendix C. TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter Page viii 1. Introduction 1-1 2. FLEET MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS ........................................................................................................ 2-1 2.1 AUTOMATIC VEHICLE LOCATION SYSTEMS ......................................................................... 2-2 2.2 TRANSIT OPERATIONS SOFTWARE ......................................................................................... 2-13 2.2.1 Operations Software for Fixed-Route Bus Operations ....................................................... 2-13 2.2.2 Operations Software for Rail ................................................................................................ 2-25 2.2.3 Operations Software for Paratransit .................................................................................... 2-27 2.3 COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEMS .................................................................................................... 2-35 2.3.1 Mobile Voice and Data Communications Systems for Bus Transit ................................... 2-39 2.3.2 Mobile Voice and Data Communications Systems for Rail Transit .................................. 2-46 2.3.3 Short Range and Other Communications ............................................................................ 2-51 2.4 GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS ................................................................................ 2-58 2.5 AUTOMATIC PASSENGER COUNTERS ..................................................................................... 2-65 2.6 TRAFFIC SIGNAL PRIORITY ....................................................................................................... 2-71 3. Traveler Information Systems 3-1 3.1 PRE-TRIP TRANSIT AND MULTIMODAL TRAVELER INFORMATION SYSTEMS .................................................................................. 3-1 3.2 IN-TERMINAL/WAYSIDE TRANSIT INFORMATION SYSTEMS .......................................... 3-18 3.3 IN-VEHICLE TRANSIT INFORMATION SYSTEMS ................................................................. 3-26 4. ELECTRONIC PAYMENT SYSTEMS .................................................................................................... 4-1 5. TRANSPORTATION DEMAND MANAGEMENT ................................................................................ 5-1 5.1 DYNAMIC RIDESHARING ............................................................................................................... 5-2 5.2 AUTOMATED SERVICE COORDINATION .................................................................................. 5-9 5.3 TRANSPORTATION MANAGEMENT CENTERS ...................................................................... 5-18 6. TRANSIT INTELLIGENT VEHICLE INITIATIVE ............................................................................ 6-1 7. FTA-SPONSORED FIELD OPERATIONAL TESTS ............................................................................ 7-1 ix UPDATE 2000 TABLE OF CONTENTS (Cont.) Chapter Page APPENDIX A. THE NATIONAL ITS ARCHITECTURE AND ITS STANDARDS ........................................................................................... A-1 Appendix B. aPTS Mobile SHOWCASE........................................................................................................B-1 Appendix C. List of Contacts ..........................................................................................................................C-1 BIBLIOGRAPHY ........................................................................................................................................BIB-1 x TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES Figure Page 1-1. National ITS Architecture Interconnect Diagram ............................................................................. 1-4 2-1. Fleet Management Technologies .......................................................................................................... 2-3 2-2. Schematic of an AVL System Used in a Transit Agency ................................................................... 2-4 2-3. Driver with MDT ................................................................................................................................... 2-5 2-4. Mobile Data Terminal ........................................................................................................................... 2-5 2-5. Dispatch Center ....................................................................................................................................
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