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Idotea Resecata Class: Malacostraca Order: Isopoda a Valviferan Isopod Family: Idoteidae

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Idotea Resecata Class: Malacostraca Order: Isopoda a Valviferan Isopod Family: Idoteidae Phylum: Arthropoda, Crustacea Idotea resecata Class: Malacostraca Order: Isopoda A valviferan isopod Family: Idoteidae Taxonomy: The genus Idotea was described General Morphology: Isopod bodies are by Fabricius in 1798, and although originally dorso-ventrally flattened and can be divided spelled Idotea, several authors adopted the into a compact cephalon, with eyes, two spelling Idothea, since then. The genus antennae and mouthparts, and a pereon Pentidotea was described by Richardson in (thorax) with eight segments, each bearing 1905 and was reduced to subgeneric level by similar pereopods (hence the name “iso- Menzies in 1950. The two subgenera (or pod”). Posterior to the pereon is the pleon, or genera), Pentidotea and Idotea differ by the abdomen, with six segments, the last of which articles on maxilliped palps, the former with is fused with the telson (the pleotelson) (see five and the latter with four (Miller and Lee Plate 231, Brusca et al. 2007). The Isopoda 1970), but are not always currently can be divided into two groups: ancestral recognized (Rafi and Laubitz 1990). (“short-tailed”) groups (i.e. suborders) that Furthermore, this character may be vary with have short telsons and derived (“long-tailed”) age and other characters may reveal more groups with long telsons. Valviferan concrete differences to define the two (Poore (including the Idoteidae) are a distinct group and Ton 1993). Thus synonyms for I. of isopods (Brusca 1984) and have an resecata include, Idothea resecata, elongated telson (Fig. 73, Ricketts and Calvin Pentidotea resecata and Idotea Pentidotea 1952). resecata. Idothea rufescens may also be a Cephalon: Entire, not notched (compare to synonym having been described from an Mesidotea entomon, this guide), sides of immature specimen (Menzies and Waidzunas head straight. First thoracic segment fused 1948). We follow the most recent intertidal with head (Isopoda, Brusca et al. 2007). guide for the northeast Pacific coast (Brusca Rostrum: Slight rostrum (Fig. 3) with et al. 2007), which uses the name Idotea frontal process narrow, pointed and resecata. exceeding frontal lamina visible from ventral side (Fig. 2). Description Eyes: Eyes oval, not markedly Size: Individuals 39–50 mm in length elongate transversely (Fig. 3). (Ricketts and Calvin 1952; Welton and Miller Antenna 1: 1980) and can be 4 ½ times longer than wide Antenna 2: The number of flagellum (Richardson 1905). segments on the second antennae increase Color: Light green, with black with individual size (Menzies and Waidzunas chromatophores when closely associated with 1948). Zostera and yellowish-brown when on kelp Mouthparts: Maxilliped palp with five (Rickets and Calvin 1952; Welton and Miller articles (although juveniles may have only 1980). The body color is a results of four, Poore and Ton 1993) and one coupling carotenoids and carotenoproteins (for hook (Fig. 4). The number of setae on the carotenoid pigments, see Lee and Gilchrist maxilliped increases with individual size 1972) within the cuticle and may serve as (Menzies and Waidzunas 1948). camouflage from fish predation (Best and Pereon: Body elongate and depressed with Stachowicz 2012). Color polymorphism is thorax composed of seven segments (Fig. 1) high in the congener, I. baltica and variation is (Brusca et al. 2007). determined by habitat and predation pressure Pereonites: All seven thoracic but not sexual selection (Jormalainen and somites (pereonites) are free (Idoteidae) with Merilaita 1995). epimeral sutures visible dorsally (except the first somite) (Fig. 1). Hiebert, T.C. 2015. Iodetea resecata. In: Oregon Estuarine Invertebrates: Rudys' Illustrated Guide to Common Species, 3rd ed. T.C. Hiebert, B.A. Butler and A.L. Shanks (eds.). University of Oregon Libraries and Oregon Institute of Marine Biology, Charleston, OR. A publication of the University of Oregon Libraries and the Oregon Institute of Marine Biology Individual species: http://hdl.handle.net/1794/12715 and full 3rd edition: http://hdl.handle.net/1794/18839 Email corrections to: [email protected] Pereopods: Seven pairs of Most local species in the Idoteidae ambulatory and similar walking legs (Fig. 1). are within the genus Idotea (12 species), Pleon: Short pleon with six pleonites which includes those with a pleon composed (Brusca et al. 2007). of two complete and one incomplete Pleonites: Two pleonites complete, pleonite(s), a maxillipedal palp with five with one partial horizontal suture (Fig. 1). articles and one coupling seta, eyes that are Pleopods: Appendages of the pleon not elongated transversely and a large include five respiratory pairs and a single pair shield-like pleotelson (Brusca et al. 2007). of uropods (Brusca et al. 2007). The first Idotea sensu Poore and Ton 1993 refers three pairs are particularly locomotory (e.g. for only to individuals with free pleonites, swimming), while the posterior two pairs are anterior spiniform pereopod setae and free strictly respiratory (Alexander 1988; penes, while many northeastern Pacific Alexander et al. 1995). species have fused pleonites, partially fused Uropods: Ventral, not visible dorsally, and penes and reduced coxae (Poore and Ton forming opercular doors or valves covering 1993). Based on these characters, authors pleopods (Valvifera). differentiate Idotea from Pentidotea (see Pleotelson: Large, elongated and shield-like Taxonomy). Idotea resecata is the only with posterior border bearing concave margin, member of the genus to have a concave keels (Fig. 1). pleotelson. Thus it is easy to distinguish it Sexual Dimorphism: Conspicuous sexual from other light green idoteids, such as l. dimorphism is rare among isopods. Mature aculeata and I. montereyensis. females bear a thoracic marsupium and Among the Idotea, I. urotoma, I. males have modified first pleopods, called rufescens, and I. ochotensis have a gonopods (Sadro 2001; Boyko and Wolff maxilliped palp with four articles (rather than 2014). five in the remaining eight Idotea species) a character that previously defined two sub- Possible Misidentifications genera, Idotea Idotea (with four articles) and The order Isopoda contains 10,000 species, Idotea Pentidotea (with five articles) (Menzies 1/2 of which are marine and comprise 10 1950; Miller and Lee 1970). suborders, with eight present from central Of the Idotea species with five California to Oregon (see Brusca et al. maxilliped palp articles (Idotea Pentidotea, 2007). Among isopods with elongated Menzies 1950), I. aculeata, a reddish idoteid, telsons (with anuses and uropods that are has a long projection on its narrowing subterminal), there are several families pleotelson. It has oval eyes (not reniform), including Flabellifera, Anthuridea, long antennae and blunt lateral borders on Gnathiidea, Epicaridea and Valvifera. The the first pleonite. Idotea montereyensis is Valvifera are characterized by hinged doors slender and small (up to 16 mm), red, green- or valves covering the pleopods, well- brown, or black and white and is found on developed coxal plates, the absence of Phyllospadix species and red algae. It has a mandibular palps, occasionally fused rounded telson and with a short projection. pleonites and males with modified sexual Idotea stenops is olive-green to brown, found appendages arising from the first pleonite, on brown algae and with narrow eyes, a rather than the thorax. This suborder slender pointed telson, and 2–3 coupling includes three local families and 34 species: hooks on its maxillipeds, not one. Idotea the Chaetiliidae (see Mesidotea entomon, schmitti has pleonite one with acute lateral this guide), the Arturidae and the Idoteidae. borders and an anterior margin of pereonite The Arturidae is composed of species with one that does not encompass the cephalon. narrow but cylindrical bodies, with the Idotea kirchanskii is bright green and found anterior four pleopods larger and less setose on Phyllospadix species. It has a rounded than the posterior three. Characteristics of telson (lacking a medial projection), oval the Idoteidae include a dorso-ventrally eyes and the epimera of pereonal somites compressed body, similar pereopods, and are visible dorsally only on segments 5–7. seven free pereonites and is composed of 22 species, locally (Brusca et al. 2007). Hiebert, T.C. 2015. Iodetea resecata. In: Oregon Estuarine Invertebrates: Rudys' Illustrated Guide to Common Species, 3rd ed. T.C. Hiebert, B.A. Butler and A.L. Shanks (eds.). University of Oregon Libraries and Oregon Institute of Marine Biology, Charleston, OR. Ecological Information resemble small adults, with no larval stage Range: Type locality is Strait of Juan de (see I. granulosa and I. neglecta Fuca (Menzies 1950). Known range is from development, Stromberg 1965; Boyko and Alaska to Baja, California (Ricketts and Calvin Wolff 2014). Ovigerous I. resecata have been 1952; Iverson 1974; Welton and Miller 1980). observed in July (central California, Welton Idotea as a genus is cosmopolitan (see Fig. 9, and Miller 1980). Idotea baltica and I. Brusca 1984). chelipes produce 1–3 broods per year with Local Distribution: Coos Bay distribution brood sizes that range from 60 to 120 eggs northwest of the Charleston Bridge in South per brood (Limfjord, Denmark, Kroer 1989; Slough. Baltic, Jormalainen and Tuomi 1989). Habitat: Frequently found on or clinging to Larva: Since most isopods are direct eelgrass Zostera or Macrocystis (Ricketts and developing, they lack a definite larval stage. Calvin 1952; Miller 1975), even on drifting Instead this young developmental stage
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