Cutting Edge Research in Trails and Greenways – Michigan's Project
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Cutting Edge Research in Trails and Greenways – Michigan’s project Dr. Christine Vogt, Dr. Chuck Nelson and Kristen Steger Department of Community, Agriculture, Recreation and Resource Studies Michigan State University Michigan Trails The Michigan Trails Alliance was formed in 1986. Twenty-one years later Michigan is second only to Wisconsin in the nation with 131 established “rail-trails” covering 1,398 miles. There are currently 15 regional trailway initiatives working in Michigan to connect individual trailways to each other and to important destinations. (Source: Connecting Michigan: A statewide trailways vision and action plan.) Goals of the Almost 10 Year Investment in Community Trails Research Who uses the trails? Level of tourism demand? How many users? Are there notable differences in users by: Location Surface type How does a community benefit from trails? What type and level of support do adjacent residents and nearby businesses have for the trail? Michigan Trails Researched Types of Studies Performed Shading denotes On-Site Off-Site research User – Resident and Adj. Nearby Comprehensive Trail Tourist Resident Businesses Events Recreation Study Pere Replicated in 2008 Marquette for Midland County TART Replicating in 2008 Paint Creek Lansing River Trail Fred Meijer Recently completed White Pine for Kent County Kal Haven On-Site Methods Observe/tally uses Provides data to extrapolate to overall use by type of user, activity Conduct on-site self-administered survey of a selected portion of those observed Unweighted provides data on characteristics of uses Weighted to account for frequency of use bias provides data on characteristics/opinions of distinct users Off-Site Methods – Mail Questionnaires Adjacent residents and business Tax assessor’s office – plat maps and lists Chamber of Commerce Driving the area Event registrants Sample or census depending on population size Ability to ask in-depth economic questions Registered voters Likely to be sample as population significant at township, city or county level Provides estimate of proportion of households using trail system over set period Explore importance of trails (development, maintenance related to other potential recreation opportunities Done in context of comprehensive recreational planning Use and Users of Michigan Trails All studied trails featured Total Number of Trail Uses Leelanau Trail 29,318 uses between May and Sept. 2002 T.A.R.T Trail 154,803 uses between May and Sept. 2002 Pere Marquette Trail Vasa Pathway 178,000 uses between April and Sept. 2001 11,406 uses between May and Sept. 2002 White Pine Trail Paint Creek Trail 54,096 uses 66,420 uses between July and Sept. 2005 between May and Sept. 2004 Lansing River Trail 72,040 uses between May and Sept. 2004 Uses by Day Leelanau Trail 192 uses per day T.A.R.T Trail 1,012 uses per day Pere Marquette Trail 973 uses per day Vasa Pathway 92 uses per day Paint Creek Trail 434 uses per day White Pine Trail 588 uses per day Lansing River Trail 471 uses per day Reasons for Using the Trail Leelanau Trail Recreation 39% Exercise 56% Race training n/a T.A.R.T Trail Transportation 5% Recreation 38% Exercise 44% Pere Marquette Trail Race training n/a Recreation 35% Transportation 18% Exercise 61% Vasa Pathway Race Training n/a Transportation 3% Recreation 41% Exercise 58% Race training n/a Paint Creek Trail Transportation 1% Recreation 37% Exercise 48% White Pine Trail Race Training 11% Recreation 35% Transportation 4% Lansing River Trail Exercise 52% Recreation 59% Race training 10% Exercise 35% Transportation 3% Race training 3% Transportation 3% Types of Trail Use and Disabled Users Leelanau Trail Bicycle 43% In-Line Skating 13% T.A.R.T Trail Run/Walk 42% Bicycle 49% Disabled 3% In-line Skating 11% Run/Walk 38% Pere Marquette Trail Disabled 3% Bicycle 54% In-line Skating 22% Vasa Pathway Run/Walk 23% Bicycle 43% Disabled 4% In-line Skating n/a Run/Walk 57% Paint Creek Trail Disabled 3% Bicycle 56% In-line Skating n/a White Pine Trail Run/Walk 44% Bicycle 77% Disabled 3% In-line Skating 6% Lansing River Trail Run/Walk 17% Bicycle 49% Disabled 4% In-line Skating 5% Run/Walk 46% Disabled 5% Origin of Uses Leelanau Trail Resident 84% Live Elsewhere 16% T.A.R.T Trail Pere Marquette Trail Resident 79% Resident 77% Live Elsewhere 21% Live Elsewhere 23% Vasa Pathway Resident 78% Live Elsewhere 22% Paint Creek Trail Resident 90% White Pine Trail Live Elsewhere 10% Resident 92% Lansing River Trail Live Elsewhere 8% Resident* 56% Live Elsewhere** 44% *Resident considered resident of the city of Lansing ** 15% were E. Lansing residents and 29% elsewhere Getting to the Trail Leelanau Trail *The Pere Marquette survey asked users if User did not drive to trail 45% they had used the parking lot. 54% of User drove to trail 55% users used the parking lot T.A.R.T Trail Pere Marquette Trail User did not drive to trail User did not drive to trail* 60% 46% User drove to trail 40% User drove to trail 54% Vasa Pathway User did not drive to trail Paint Creek Trail 20% User did not drive to trail 55% User drove to trail 80% User drove to trail 45% White Pine Trail User did not drive to trail 41% Lansing River Trail User drove to trail 59% User did not drive to trail 54% User drove to trail 46% Trail Uses by Adults and Children Leelanau Trail Trail use by adults 76% Trail use by children 24% T.A.R.T Trail Trail use by adults 79% Pere Marquette Trail Trail use by children 21% Trail use by adults 76% Trail use by children 24% Vasa Pathway Trail use by adults 88% Trail use by children 12% Paint Creek Trail Trail use by adults 86% White Pine Trail Trail use by children 14% Trail use by adults 81% Trail use by children 19% Lansing River Trail Trail use by adults 86% Trail use by children 14% Gender Profile (All ages) Leelanau Trail Male users 55% Female users 45% T.A.R.T Trail Pere Marquette Trail Male users 59% Male users 39% Female users 41% Female users 61% Vasa Pathway Male users 54% Paint Creek Trail Female users 46% Male users 53% Female users 47% White Pine Trail Male users 56% Lansing River Trail Female users 44% Male users 57% Female users 43% Adjacent Residents Pere Marquette Rail-Trail and Fred Meijer White Pine Trail featured Property Relation and Distance from Trail Property in relation to the trail Pere Marquette-Midland County Pere Marquette-Isabella County Fred Meijer White Pine-Kent County 5.1% 16.7% 4.0% Adjacent or right Adjacent or right Adjacent or right next to trail next to trail next to trail Trail intersects Trail intersects Trail intersects property property property 94.9% 83.3% 96.0% Approximate Distance from Trail Pere Marquette-Midland Pere Marquette-Isabella Fred Meijer White Pine-Kent County County County Range 1-3,520 yards 50-1,760 yards 1-1,760 yards Mean 100 yards 394 yards 60 yards Type of Residential Ownership 100 93.2% 90 83.2% 80 70 Pere-Marquette- 60 53.8% 53.8% Midland County 50 Pere-Marquette- Isabella County 40 Fred Meijer White 30 Pine-Kent County 20 9.0% 7.7% 3.8% 7.7% 7.7% 6.8% 3.8% 10 2.6% 5.8% 4.0% 3.9% 3.4% 2.3% 1.7% 0 Residential Apartment Business Agricultural Undeveloped Something Home Operations Use Lands else Resident Respondents’ Demographics Gender Age (years) 54 54 70 62.0% 54 60 54.0% Pere Marquette- Pere Marquette- 50.3% 49.7% Midland County 50 46.0% 53 Midland County 38.0% 40 Pere Marquette- 52 51.3 Pere Marquette- 30 Isabella County Isabella County 51 20 Fred Meijer Fred Meijer 10 White Pine-Kent 50 White Pine-Kent County 0 County Male Female 49 Length of Residency (years) 38.7 40 Pere 32 Marquette- 35 Midland 30 County Pere 25 20 Marquette- 20 Isabella County 15 10 Fred Meijer 5 Whi te Pi ne- Kent County 0 Resident Respondents’ Employment Status Pere Marquette-Midland County Pere Marquette-Isabella County Fred Meijer White Pine-Kent County 60 55.0% 50.0% 50 40 37.1% 34.4% 30 21.1% 19.2% 19.2% 20 16.5% 11.6% 0.0% 10 6.7% 6.1% 5.3% 5.6% 0.0% 4.0% 0.0% 2.0% 3.3% 0.7% 1.1% 0 Full-time Part-time Retired Self Unemployed Homemaker Student Resident Respondents’ Educational Attainment 60 52.6% 50 44.0% 41.9% 41.3% 40.0% 40 28.8% Pere Marquette-Midland 30 County Pere Marquette-Isabella 20 16.3% 12.0% 12.6% Fred Meijer White Pine- 10 Kent County 4.2% 2.3% 4.0% 0 Less than High College Graduate high school School Diploma or School Diploma some college Resident Respondents’ Attendance at Planning Meetings 10.0% 10 9 8.5% 8 7 Pere Marquette- Midland County 6 Pere Marquette- 5 Isabella County 3.8% 4 Fred Meijer White 3 Pine-Kent County 2 1 It is important to note PMRT – Midland Cty and White 0 Pine were studied after trails’ existence (10 or so years). PMRT-Isabella Cty was studied before trail construction. Adjacent Residents’ Use of Trail 65.0% of Pere Marquette-Midland 90 83.0%84.7% County residents used 80 Pere Marquette- the trail for exercise and 70 Midland County improving their health. 60 100.0% of Pere Pere Marquette- 50 46.0% Isabella County Marquette-Isabella 40 33.3% County residents used 30 Fred Meijer the trail to exercise and 19.2% White Pine-Kent to spend their free time.