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Rapid Protection Assessments Summary Report

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Rapid Protection Assessments Summary Report Rapid Protection Assessments Summary Report Danish Refugee Council Southwest Cameroon December 2020 Cameroon – RPA Report – December 2020 Table of Content 1. Introduction ....................................................................................................... 4 1.2 Methodology ................................................................................................................................. 4 1.3 Information on Key Informants (KIs) ............................................................................................ 5 2. Communities’ General Profile ..................................................................................... 6 2.1 Pre and post crisis population movements ................................................................................. 6 2.2 Vulnerability profile ...................................................................................................................... 7 2.2.1 Displacement profile ................................................................................................................ 7 2.2.2 Vulnerability types .................................................................................................................... 7 3. Access to services ...................................................................................................... 8 3.1 Education ...................................................................................................................................... 8 3.2 Health ............................................................................................................................................ 9 3.3 Access to markets ......................................................................................................................... 9 3.4 WASH ............................................................................................................................................10 3.4.1 Water points .............................................................................................................................10 3.4.2 Latrines .....................................................................................................................................11 3.5 Civil documentation ....................................................................................................................11 3.5.1 Birth registration ......................................................................................................................11 3.5.2 Property or land ownership .....................................................................................................12 3.5.3 Barriers to accessing civil documentation ..............................................................................13 3.6 Security ........................................................................................................................................14 3.6.1 Incidents reporting ..................................................................................................................15 3.7 Access to humanitarian aid .........................................................................................................16 4. Housing, Land and Property (HLP) ............................................................................ 16 4.1 Types of shelters ..........................................................................................................................16 4.2 Incidents related to land and property .......................................................................................17 5. Social cohesion in communities ................................................................................ 18 6. Population Movements ............................................................................................ 19 6.2.1 Pressure to return to place of origin .......................................................................................19 6.2.2 Reasons to stay ........................................................................................................................19 7. Conclusions ............................................................................................................ 20 7.2 Main results ..................................................................................................................................20 7.3 Priority humanitarian needs .......................................................................................................21 2/21 Cameroon – RPA Report – December 2020 Acronyms BIR Bataillon d’Intervention Rapide CDC Cameroon Development Corporation FGD Focus Group Discussion IDP Internally Displaced Person HLP Housing, Land and Property KI Key Informants NSAG Non-State Armed Group NW North West RPA Rapid Protection Assessment SSF State Security Forces SW South West UASC Unaccompanied and Separated Children 3/21 Cameroon – RPA Report – December 2020 1. Introduction The Rapid Protection Assessment (RPA) is conducted by DRC when entering a new community to quickly assess protection needs and trends at the community level to inform the appropriate programme package that DRC will implement in the community. In particular, the RPA enables to have a clear picture of the evolution of needs in a particular community since the beginning of the crisis. The RPA was accompanied by Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) for an all-encompassing overview and more complete analysis. DRC Rapid Protection Assessment (RPA) locations in Fako and Meme divisions 1.2 Methodology Data for the RPA was collected through Key Informants (KIs) who answered to a questionnaire administered by DRC protection staff. KIs were selected based on their knowledge of the community and included individuals from different age and gender groups as well as from both the host and IDP communities. Per community, DRC interviewed on average nine individuals. DRC protection staff collected the data through Kobo. The current report covers 32 communities, in the Fako (28 communities) and Meme (4 communities) divisions. The surveys were administered between November 2018 and October 2020. Data in the current report is presented at a sub-division level. 4/21 Cameroon – RPA Report – December 2020 Number of assessed communities per sub- division Muyuka 10 Buea 9 Tiko 5 Mbonge 4 Limbe 1 2 West Coast 1 Limbe 3 1 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 1.3 Information on Key Informants (KIs) In order to assess the protection situation in the SW region of Cameroon, DRC conducted interviews with 315 Key Informants (KIs) located in seven sub-divisions: Buea, Limbe 1, Limbe 3, Mbonge, Muyuka, Tiko and West Coast. The sites in the communities were predominantly always accessible (82%) with only 2% of the site that were continuously inaccessible (due to geological or human factors), most of the latter located in the Buea sub-division. How accessible is the site? 100% 82% 50% 16% 2% 0% Always accessible Inaccessible during the rainy season Always inaccessible Key Informant by gender Among these 315 KIs, 137 are female (43%) and 178 male (57%). A majority of KIs were farmers (37%). 7% were businessmen or businesswomen, and 6% were teachers. Female Among the 34% ‘other’ category, the 43% professions/occupations that were notably represented Male among KIs are traders, students, retired people, pastors, 57% quarter heads and housewives. 5/21 Cameroon – RPA Report – December 2020 Key Informants Professions Business men or women: 7% Other: 34% Farmers: 37% Trader: 3% Teacher: 6% Housewive Student: Retired: 3% Pastors: 3% s: 2% 3% Quarter heads: 2% 2. Communities’ General Profile 2.1 Pre and post crisis population movements Among the communities, a lot of population movements can be witnessed. Only 3% of KIs state that the population at their site has been stable. In contrast, 46% of the KIs report that the population in their community has increased, and 50% reports that it has decreased, evidencing the displacement of people from some communities towards other communities. Important discrepancies among sub-divisions can be observed. For instance, 100% of KIs in the West Coast sub-division (one community) have perceived a population increase. Similarly, 92% of KIs in the one community of the Limbe 3 sub-division have perceived an increase in the population. On the contrary, 89% of KIs in sites of the Mbonge sub-division have observed a decrease in the population. How has the site population evolved? 100% 100% 92% 89% 80% 67% 61% 61% 60% 52% 46% 46% 50% 37% 40% 33% 20% 13% 20% 8% 9% 2% 2% 2% 4% 1% 3% 1% 0% Buea Limbe 1 Limbe 3 Mbonge Muyuka Tiko West Coast Total Increased / Increasing Stable Decreased / Decreasing Don't know 6/21 Cameroon – RPA Report – December 2020 2.2 Vulnerability profile 2.2.1 Displacement profile KIs in all communities observed a mix of population types present within their What population categories are present on communities with high levels of host community the sites? individuals (90%) as well as Internally Displaced 100% 90% Persons (IDPs) (84%). 84% 80% An average of 45% of KIs attest that IDP returnees 60% are present within their communities. This 45% evidences the many movement patterns within 40% the Southwest region with the vast majority of communities welcoming displaced households 20% 1% and seeing pendular movements from households 0% who leave and return when the security situation Host Community IDPs IDP returnees Refugees allows. In addition, 1% of KIs indicate that refugees are present in their community.
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