Annual Report 2019 the 2019 Partners

THE NATIONAL IOR CENTRE OF NORWAY

Annual report 2019 The 2019 partners

ConocoPhillips

Observers Contents

Management Team 4 Board Members 4 Technical Committee 5 Scientific Advisory Committee 5 About 6 Research Themes 7 Greetings from the Director 8 Greetings from the Chairman of the Board 9 Consortium Partners 10

Activity Highlights On the use of thermo-thickening polymers for in-depth mobility control – large scale testing 12 Developing the ensemble Kalman filter based approach for history matching 15 Coordinating Upscaling Workflow 16 Interpore – 3rd National Workshop on Porous Media 17 New management team 18 Great expectations from the Research Council of Norway 19

Researcher Profiles Mehul Vora 20 André Luís Morosov 21 Micheal Oguntola 21 Tine Vigdel Bredal 22 Arun Selvam 22 Panagiotis Aslanidis 23 William Chalub Cruz 23 Nisar Ahmed 24 Aleksandr Mamonov 24 Juan Michael Sargado 25 Runar Berge 25

Highlights from the PhD Defences PhD Defences 2019 26 Core scale modelling of EOR transport mechanisms 27 Smart Water for EOR from Seawater and Produced Water by Membranes 27 Wettability estimation by oil adsorption 28

CO2 Mobility Control with Foam for EOR and Associated Storage 28 Interaction between two calcite surfaces in aqueous solutions … 29

Research Dissemination, Conferences & Awards Lundin Norway shares all data from one field 30 PhD student Mehul Vora presented at OG21 31 Selected Papers 32 Media Contributions 2019 35

Who are we? 36 Publications 37

3 Management Team

Ying Guo Tina Puntervold Randi Valestrand Centre Director Assistant Director Research Director Leader Theme 1 Leader Theme 2

Aksel Hiorth Sissel Opsahl Viig Svein M. Skjæveland Director of Academia Director of Field Advisor & Research Implementation

Board Members

Thierry Laupretre Chairman of the Board Aker BP

REPRESENTATIVE FOR THE HOST INSTITUTION EXTERNAL OBSERVERS: UNIVERSITY OF STAVANGER: Anders Soltvedt, Norwegian Petroleum Directorate Øystein Lund Bø, Erik Søndenå, Petoro Dean of Faculty of Science & Technology Ingrid Anne Munz, Research Council of Norway

REPRESENTATIVE FOR NORCE: DEPUTY MEMBERS: Erlend Vefring Helge Bøvik Larsen, University of Stavanger Research Director Sigmund Stokka, NORCE Johan Kristian Sveen, IFE REPRESENTATIVE FOR IFE: Martin Smedstad Foss Roar Kjelstadli, Aker BP Research Director Anne Skjærstein, Lundin Norway Cathrine Eliassen, Wintershall DEA REPRESENTATIVES FOR THE USER PARTNERS: Camilla Vavik Pedersen, Equinor Per Øyvind Seljebotn, Lundin Norway Sean Pedersen, ConocoPhillips Steinar Kristiansen, Wintershall DEA Elisabeth Birkeland, Equinor Mariann Dalland, Norwegian Petroleum Directorate Kåre Vagle, ConocoPhillips Sølvi Amundrud, Norwegian Petroleum Directorate

4 Technical Committee

Robert Moe Head of Technical Committee ConocoPhillips

MEMBERS: DEPUTY MEMBERS: Edvard Omdal, ConocoPhillips Egil Boye Petersen, Aker BP Roar Kjelstadli, Aker BP Knut Uleberg, Equinor Alf Birger Rustad, Equinor Amare Mebratu, Halliburton Ingrid Melien, Halliburton Anne Skjærstein, Lundin Norway Olav Flornes, Lundin Norway Andrea Reinholdtsen, Neptune Energy Mailin Seldal, Neptune Energy Jarle Haukås, Schlumberger Jan Bakke, Schlumberger Siroos Salimi, Vår Energy Knut Ingvar Nilsen, Vår Energi Johanna Normann Ravnås, Wintershall DEA Carl Jörg Petersen, Wintershall DEA

Scientific Advisory Committee

Professor Ann Muggeridge Professor William R. Rossen Imperial College, London TU Delft UK The Netherlands

Professor Stephan Herminghaus Professor Yu-Shu Wu Max Planck Institute, Göttingen Colorado School of Mines Germany USA

5 About

The National IOR Centre of Norway provides solutions for improved oil recovery on the Norwegian Continental Shelf through academic excellence and close cooperation with the industry.

The world needs energy. Up to present day CE (formerly known as IRIS) and IFE are oil and gas have contributed to the prima- our research partners. Several other natio- ry energy by more than 80 %, and even in nal and international research groups, and the 2-degree scenario of the United Nations 9 oil and service companies, complete the more than 50 % of the total energy must Centre’s list of partners and collaborators. come from oil and gas. On the Norwegian Continental Shelf, more than 50 % of the The researchers in the Centre work actively total discovered resources are still left in in order to improve the oil recovery, whilst the ground. By extracting most of the disco- reducing costs and mitigating environmen- vered resources using existing infrastru- tal impact. To achieve this goal, it is impor- cture, we protect the environment while tant that all stakeholders work together, utilizing resources in the best possible way. and The National IOR Centre of Norway is an important arena for doing exactly this. The National IOR Centre of Norway provides cost efficient and environmental- OVERALL AIM ly friendly solutions for improved oil The National IOR Centre of Norway will recovery on the Norwegian Continen- contribute to the implementation of cost tal Shelf through academic excellence efficient and environmentally friend- and close cooperation with the industry. ly technologies for improving oil recovery on the Norwegian Continental Shelf. TWO YEARS LEFT Awarded by the Research Council of Nor- SECONDARY OBJECTIVES way (RCN) after a national competition, • Robust upscaling of reco- the Centre started up in December 2013. very mechanism observed on We were granted 5 + 3 years of financi- pore and core scale to field scale. al support by RCN. We are now ente- • Optimal injection strategies ba- ring phase II of the Centre’s lifetime. sed on total oil recovered, economic and environmental impact. University of Stavanger is the host of the • Education of 20 PhD students and 8 post- Centre, and the research institutes NOR- docs during the lifetime of the Centre.

6 Research Themes

THEME 1: MOBILE/IMMOBILE OIL & ly, as they don’t contain extra chemicals. EOR METHODS The environmental impact of using added In theme 1 the main goal is to understand, chemicals, such as polymers, is addressed model, and upscale the microscopic and through an improved understanding of the macroscopic displacement efficiency when optimal amount of chemicals needed to ef- various enhanced oil recovery (EOR) fluids ficiently displace the oil and the fate of the are injected into a porous rock. EOR fluids chemicals from the injector to the producer. interact with the rock, alter primary mineral phases, and their surface properties. THEME 2: MOBILE OIL – Some EOR fluids are non-Newtonian (e.g. RESERVOIR CHARACTERISATION TO polymeric fluids) and behave highly non-li- IMPROVE VOLUMETRIC SWEEP near in complex and time-dependent flow, In theme 2 we focus on improved reservoir which is relevant for porous media. Oth- management by developing improved tools er injection fluids, such as Smart Water (or for uncertainty quantification, simulation, low salinity water) interact with the mi- history matching, optimization, prediction, nerals to alter wettability in the reservoir. and decision making. This is done by; integrate information from of all types of data To understand these processes, and to solve (such as pressure data, production data, seis- related challenges we work at the submicron mic data, tracer data, geo-physical data, and scale to characterize the rock before and af- geological data into the field scale simula- ter flooding, and to quantify the changes in- tion models) in our work flow; by develo- duced by the injection water. We also work ping improved simulation tools capable of at core scale to investigate wettability and handle/simulate the complexity of different wettability alteration processes. And the dy- improved oil recovery (IOR) methods; and namics of polymeric liquids are investigated by developing new and improved tracers. experimentally by performing experiments in porous material at various scales. The expe- We put emphasis on real fields and aim to rimental results are interpreted using mole- develop methodologies that ease the deci- cular dynamic simulations, methods based sion making of a petroleum producing re- on statistical physics, and by extending Dar- servoir. The aim is to develop new and im- cy’s law. A multi-scale understanding of the proved methodologies that will support the EOR processes secures that the reservoir sca- evaluation and decision making with regards le models we develop are consistent with the to IOR/EOR pilots at the Norwegian Conti- underlying physical and chemical processes nental Shelf. This addresses the potential of taking place in the pore space. This, in turn, producing the resources in unswept areas allows us to evaluate, in a robust way, the po- as well as mobilizing the trapped resources tential of EOR operations for realistic cases. in swept areas. The research is focusing on challenges for the entire Norwegian Con- The EOR methods based on Smart Water tinental Shelf while demonstrating the im- are in principle environmentally-friend- proved methodologies on real field cases.

7 Greetings from the Director

I am honored to serve The National IOR Centre of Norway as new Director in its last two years. I have been following the Centre and working alongside with many of the scientists and PhDs candidates from its very start, and I am proud to say that the Centre has made great scientific achievements and educated many future IOR brains. Yes, IOR does require more brains per barrel. We have, in the past 6 years, published around 150 high-impact paper, almost 700 conference presentations, numerous workshops with our industrial partners, and filled our IOR toolbox with modelling tools such as IORSim, IORCoreSim and OPM, recommended procedures for characterization of rock and core samples, reservoir characterization and modelling, environmental risk of EOR chemicals to marine environment, and more. Our work has established a strong foundation for further increasing the recovery rate in a cost-effective and environmental-acceptable way in the future chapter of oil and gas industry on the Norwe- gian Continental Shelf.

One of our main challenges in the remaining two years of the current Centre is to deliver more advanced tools and methodologies for future IOR project implementation. The knowledge and tools from our work must show their value and real benefit to the industry and society, in addition to the scientific publications and pos- ters on the wall. We must find ways to apply and implement our new tools and knowledge to solve problems and to overcome showstoppers in new IOR projects which lead to additional value from the existing fields and at the same time with lowered and eventually zero harmful emission to sea and atmosphere.

We have started planning towards tangible de- liverables to the industry by 2021. Our ambiti- ons, however, does not stop there. We will try our best to keep the intellectual asset and further mature our tools beyond 2021. We will in- volve our current and new industrial partners, authorities, and educational and research in- stitutions to build the continuing IOR research and education. We believe that we can contribute to produce the "challenging barrels" (ref. NPD’s Resource Report) and utilize our national hydrocarbon resources to a better society.

8 Greetings from the Chairman of the Board

In 2019, The National IOR Centre of Norway has progressed key activities towards adoption by the industry. Based on the understanding of fluid transport and chemical mechanisms suggested by the nano- and pore scale activities and further studied by core experiments, the Centre developed a core scale simulator describing better the EOR processes. This work, further upscaled in the newly developed full-field EOR simulator, IORSim, will help the industry assess the value and de-risk field EOR projects. The Centre is also progressing on methods to better monitor and improve the effect of existing drainage strategies, through the development of tracers identifying remaining oil in place and the improvement in workflows for automating the history matching for an increasing number of data types including tracer responses and 4D seismic data. The new knowledge and tools have been disseminated with a number of workshops with end users. The Centre’s research has more focus on using real field data to test and validate the research results.

The Centre is now entering the last two years of the assignment it originally received in 2013. It has developed a robust work programme in partnership with the industry with the objective to convert the extensive research into industry projects piloting the developed EOR/IOR methods, workflows and softwares. In this period, the Cen- tre will also need to better define its longer term future beyond 2021 to preserve the continuously increasing value derived from the competence developed for all scales from pore to field, from the tight collaboration between NORCE, IFE and UiS, from the education of the next generation of engineers and from the alignment of activities with the industry’s needs. The Centre will update the list of challenges it needs to resolve, and capture the learnings from the activities to date.

The clear definition of the longer term future, along with the concrete applications and value from the integration of the various efforts described in the work programme, will allow a continued and growing influence of the Centre on major priorities: Maximization of economic recovery from existing fields and minimization of the impact of our industry on the environment, via a much more efficient extraction, but also by investigating the benefits of CO₂ flooding.

9 Consortium Partners

NORCE is a research institute, with expertise in a wide range of fields. Researchers within the Energy Department of NORCE run several of the major projects in the Centre.

The energy group at NORCE condu- arch prototype simulators and indus- ct research in the field of oil/gas and re- try standard reservoir simulators. The newable forms of energy, with a focus large (yard) scale project is led by Hal- on cost-efficient, safe energy producti- liburton with a very good collaboration that guarantees the lowest CO₂ foot- on with activities in Task 1 and Task 5. print possible during the green shift. • Task 6: Improved modeling methodology and simulation capabilities for IOR IMPORTANT PROJECTS are important to perform reliable pilot Researchers at NORCE are involved in se- and full field simulations. In this project, veral major research projects in task 1, 3, 4, we contribute towards the OPM simula- 6 and 7. tion framework. This is an open source • Task 1: The project DOUCS-Deliverable code able of handling industrial rele- of an Unbeatable Core Scale Simulator vant models, which provides a platform aims to develop a tool for improved si- for testing innovative reservoir simula- mulation of EOR processes at the core tion developments in general. We anti- scale. The project Core plug preparation cipate that the resulting improvements procedures addresses the importance will lead to better decision making and, of representative wettability conditions hence, improve oil recovery on the Nor- in SCAL and EOR wegian Conti- -experiments and nental Shelf. aims to develop • Task 7: The eco- methods to deter- nomic feasibi- mine whether re- lity of imple- servoir core plugs menting new are contaminated IOR methods by mud. on a field needs to be evaluated, prefera- • Task 3: The objective of the pore sca- bly taking the uncertainty in the reservoir le task is to identity mechanisms that description into account. While optimi- influence fluid transport, chemical re- zing future production, environmental actions, and oil recovery. The main constraints need to be considered. The topics in this task have been to study evaluation will be based on history mat- the behavior of polymers and the effe- ched reservoir models. An important ct of water chemistry on the strength focus in this task is to develop better and structure of the pore space. methods for full field history matching • Task 4: The IORSim project is a colla- using 4-D seismic data. The history borative effort between IFE, NORCE, matching is done using ensemble-based and UiS to develop a simulator that methods, but we consider use of diffe- can bridge the gap between the rese- rent types of seismic data for inversion.

10 IFE is a research institute within energy, health and industrial development. IORSim and tracer technology are the most important IFE contributions in the IOR Centre.

IFE is an independent foundation and one • Task 5: The overall objective of this task of the world’s foremost research commu- is to improve and develop new tracer nities on energy, located in Halden and technology for in-situ determination Kjeller. They have developed unique skills of residual oil saturation (SOR) and over 70 years of researchers and interna- for improved description of flow fields. tional projects in their reactors and la- Both tracers for investigating the swept boratories. Offshore, IFE has developed volumes between wells (interwell exa- low-emission petroleum technology and mination) after some period of secon- advanced digital solutions for mana- dary oil production and for examine gement, security and communication. the effect of various tertiary recovery The knowledge, innovation and develop- methods by push and pull operations in ment at IFE has created hundreds of billion the near well region are developed. The NOK in values for Norway and improved targeted methods are aimed to produce safety, environment and clima- valuable data for evaluation of te both at home and abroad. the need for infill wells, con- formance control and evalua- IMPORTANT PROJECTS tion of the most efficient EOR Researchers at IFE are involved in method for a given oil field. research projects in task 4 and 5. At present, several scientists • Task 4: The IORSim pro- one PhD-student (Arun Ku- ject is a collaborative ef- mar Panneer Selvam, started fort between IFE, NORCE, in March 2019) is involved in and UiS to develop a simulator that this task. Selvam is working with carbon can bridge the gap between the resear- quantum dots for fracture detection in ch prototype simulators and industry interwell operations and with nano-car- standard reservoir simulators. Major riers for passive water and water-oil achievement since last reporting is im- partitioning tracers for SOR determina- plementation of cross-flow in wells. tion in the near-well zone. In addition, a Ongoing work: i) investigate further the team of scientists are working with new coupling between IORSim and Inter- hydrolyzing ester compounds for ne- sect and ii) use Ekofisk water chemis- ar-well SOR determination. try data to verify/calibrate IORSim iii) continue our work on the Snorre sector model to simulate silicate plugging.

11 Activity Highlights

On the use of thermo-thickening polymers for in-depth mobility control – large scale testing

The EOR potential from polymer flooding Figure 1 shows that the on-set tempera- can be improved by using associative po- ture for thermo-thickening is between 40 lymers which form intra- and inter-mo- and 60°C for this combination of associ- lecular networks. In this work we perfor- ative polymer and brine salinity. In the med flood experiments at core scale and same experiment, the polymer viscosity successfully upscaled the experiments to was measured by in-line capillary tube 1-meter scale. Different test procedures viscometer, see Figure 2. were applied. The effect of scaling was indeed observed; Firstly, we mimicked temperature gra- the flow through capillary tube with radi- dient by injecting the polymer through us of 500 µm revealed mobility reducti- three serially mounted cores at tempera- on of 5, while the same polymer through ture of 20, 60 and 80°C. At 20°C, the as- sand column with pore size of 10 µm, sociative polymer had flow properties as yielded significantly higher mobility re- a regular polymer, while revealing ther- duction. mo-thickening behaviors when heated to 60 and 80°C. By varying the type of poro- Our next steps are to re-run the 1-meter us media, we observed similar flow be- experiment, then further scale up the co- havior in both sandstone cores and high lumn length to a multi-meter experiment, permeability sand columns and could th- and the results will be used as input to erefore conclude that thermo-thickening model the experimental observations. is not sensitive to type of porous media. However, thermo-thickening depends on Text: Arne Stavland, brine salinity and type of associative po- leader task 1 lymer.

Secondly, we scaled up the experiments from 7-cm cores to 1-meter long column. When injecting the associative polymer at 80°C we observed thermo-thickening over the entire column length. By varying the flow velocity, we confirmed the previous finding, that flow resistance depends strongly on the velocity, i.e., low velocity yields high flow resistance. In the 1-meter column the temperature was, at the end of flood experiment, stepped down.

12 Core mobility reduction

q = 0,6 ml/min q = 3 ml/min

10000

1000

100

10 Mobility RF reduction, 1 0 20 40 60 80 100 Temperature, °C

Figure 1 Measured mobility reduction in sand column.

Capillary tube relative viscosity

q = 0,6 ml/min q = 3 ml/min

Relative viscosity Relative 1

0 0 20 40 60 80 100 Temperature, °C

Figure 2 Measured mobility reduction in capillary tube.

13 Activity Highlights

Developing the ensemble Kalman filter based approach for history matching At The National IOR Centre of Norway there has been a focus on further developing the ensemble Kalman filter based approach for history matching. The focus has been on utilizing 4D seismic data in addition to the production data. Combined history matching of 4D seismic and production data is considered as difficult for several reasons. Several obstacles has to be dealt with. The weighting between the production data and 4D seismic data is not trivial. The amount of 4D seismic data is huge, and it is difficult to quantify the uncertainty of these data. Moreover, additional modeling has to be added beyond the reservoir simulation model, depending on how the information from the 4D seismic data is utili- zed. From the start of the IOR Centre there has been a focus on handling all these issues.

A set of techniques for handling the different problems described above has been developed and demonstrated on synthetic models, before the final test was done on history matching both the production and 4D seismic data on the Norne field case. A first study was presented at a conference in 2018. In that case the production and 4D seismic data was history matched sequ- entially, first matching the production data and there after the 4D seismic data. This caused a Benchmark porosity (top), permeability (middle), and slight deterioration in the qua- NTG (bottom). The reservoir is viewed from above.

14 lity of the match of the production data after ction with a fixed set of wells, but also plan- inclusion of the 4D seismic data. In the most ning the location and drilling of new wells. recent study we found that it was better to This study was also published in Compu- history match the production and 4D seis- tational Geosciences in 2019 (Chang et. al. mic data simultaneously. The result of this 2019). study was presented in a paper in Compu- tational Geosciences in 2019 (Lorentzen et. Text: Geir Nævdal, al., 2019). To achieve these results we be- leader task 7 nefited from a close collaboration with the Petromaks2 project "4D Seismic History Matching".

Another application of ensemble based methods are within production optimization, in particular in the cases when one is going to make decisions given an ensemble of reservoir models. Here, in work done together with Equinor, we showed how one can utilize ensemble based production optimization on the new OLYMPUS benchmark study, an exercise consisting both of optimal produ-

Optimal well locations. The drilling order is provided on the right.

15 Activity Highlights

Coordinating Upscaling Workflow

The National IOR Centre of Norway with portant in determining the large-scale be- research partners UiS, NORCE and IFE are havior. Similarly, it is important to be awa- launching a new project from 2021. This re that there are larger scale mechanisms, project will coordinate the upscaling efforts such as gravitational effects, that may come within the IOR Centre themes. The diffe- into action when upscaling a system. An rent themes and tasks have throughout the increased recovery observed on the core Centre work used and developed models scale does not necessarily translate to a si- including the effects relevant for the diffe- milar increased recovery on the field scale. rent scales with some initiatives on upsca- Compared to field scales that ranges from ling. The aim is that this project will merge meters to kilometers in size, cores are me- and unify these procedures into an upsca- rely centimeters in length, and diffusion ling workflow, and thereby assist the furt- and «end effects» are important. her work in uncovering unresolved effects and knowledge gaps on the different scales. In the reservoir, transport is dominated by It will be the task of this project to initiate advection. Here, large gradients in tem- appropriate actions to investigate and fill perature and chemical composition are these gaps. possible. The flow will be affected by large scale structures like faults and changes in The main objective is to obtain a robust ups- rock structure (porosity/permeability). For caling of recovery mechanisms observed on all these reasons, core experiments do not pore, and core scale to field scale. This will directly translate to the reservoir scale and be accomplished by developing a workflow can only calibrate models designed to faci- for upscaling the transport of components litate this rescaling. Reservoir simulators and effects of chemical interaction from usually have resolution on the meter scales, pore to core to field. We will also develop hence heterogeneities on these scales need a similar workflow for obtaining effective to be incorporated in effective flow functi- rheologies for polymer fluids based on pore ons and rheologies. scale models and core scale experiments. Text: Olav Aursjø, A challenge for upscaling is to identify what project manager mechanisms on smaller scales that are im-

16 Interpore – 3rd National Workshop on Porous Media

Professor Bill Rossen, TU Delft was one of the speakers at the Interpore seminar. He is also member of the scientific advisory committee. Photos: Kjersti Riiber

Professor Aksel Hiorth The National IOR Centre come together and exchan- of Norway was hosting the ge ideas. For this reason, 3rd National Workshop on Interpore Norway arranges Porous Media 16 October an annual workshop for all 2019 – Interpore. people who are interested The event took place in Ol- in porous media research jemuseet, Stavanger. Aro- and technology. und 40 participants got the latest update on recent The presenters this day technological advances in were porous media research, mi- • Bill Rossen, TU Delft crofluidics, thermo/fluid • Dmitry Shogin, dynamics, and rheology University of Stavanger – theory, modelling, and • Martin Fernø, experiments. Universitetet i Bergen • Johan Olav Helland, Interpore Norway is pro- NORCE viding a platform for the • Alex Hansen, NTNU Norwegian porous media • Gaute Linga, researchers/scientists to Universitetet i Oslo

17 Activity Highlights

New members of the management team YING GUO, DIRECTOR Puntervold has many years experience in petrole- Guo has broad experience within IOR and EOR. um research and teaching. She is one of the most In addition to leading the Centre she is working productive researchers at UiS, and her work is of- as senior business developer at NORCE. She will ten cited. She holds a PhD in petroleum techno- continue part time in this position. Before this, logy (UiS), and a MSc in physical chemistry (UiB). she was research director for the IOR group at Iris She has also studied Spanish language and Latin (2015-2017), and she also spent ten years in Total, America studies at UiB. both as head of the section for R&D Subsurface and as a specialist engineer. MICOL PEZZOTTA Guo holds a PhD in Reservoir Engineering from ADMINISTRATIVE COORDINATOR NTNU 1988, a Cand Tech from UiS (previous Pezzotta started her job at UiS in September 2019. Rogaland Regional College) in Reservoir Engine- Most of the time she is handling Centre adminis- ering and a BSc in Petroleum Engineering from tration, but she also gives support to PhD stu- UiS (previous Rogaland Regional College). dents at the Faculty of Science and Technology, and work on EU and NFR applications. Pezzotta TINA PUNTERVOLD holds a Master’s degree in Management Engine- ASSISTANT DIRECTOR ering (University of Bergamo, Italy) and a PhD in Puntervold is associate professor at UiS. Toget- structural engineering (NTNU). She worked for her with associate professor Skule Strand and about 10 years in SINTEF industry in Trondheim. retired professor Tor Austad she has established «With a background in industrial engineering the Smart Water EOR Group at UiS. Her research and management, and a PhD in mechanics, I have focuses on reservoir chemistry and water-based carried out research tasks related to the mecha- EOR, such as Smart Water injection in carbonate nical response of materials and taken on project reservoirs and Smart Water/low salinity water in- management roles in multidisciplinary projects,» jection in sandstone reservoirs. Pezzotta sums up herself. Visitors from all over the world

Ten research direcotors from the Kuwaiti oil company KUFPEC visi- Reidar Inge Korsnes gives a delegation from CNOOC (China Na- ted University of Stavanger in March 2019. Photos: Kjersti Riiber tional Offshore Oil Corporation) a tour in the rock mechanics lab.

Sonja Knudson (left) is head of international office at Memorial Uni- Sinopec visited University of Stavanger and NORCE in November. versity of Newfoundland. Here with Ying Guo and Tina Puntervold. Here with Ying Guo (front), Tina Puntervold and Aksel Hiorth. 18 Great expectations from the Research Council of Norway

Centre director Ying Guo. Photos: Marius Vervik Leader of technical committee Robert Moe (ConocoPhillips).

The Research Council of Norway visits The National IOR Centre. Siri Helle Friedemann (right) and Ingrid Anne Munz. The National IOR Centre of Norway is supported evaluation. Also, a lot of money has been spent by the The Research Council of Norway (RCN) on this Centre. Our expectations are equally big. with 10 million NOK each year. Therefore, RCN We expect results and added value,» Siri Helle is following the Centre closely. The Centre re- Friedemann from RCN said. She came to the site ports twice a year, we have annual contact mee- visit with colleagues Ingrid Anne Munz and Liv tings and they come to visit us every second year Jorunn Jenssen. Munz was concerned about the – a so-called site visit. 17 October the Centre ar- importance of keeping educating candidates for ranged site visit with three representatives from the petroleum industry. RCN, two observers from the Norwegian Petrole- «You and the other petroleum centres have been um Department and several from the university very important in this aspect. You have to conti- management present. The leaders of board and nue this work,» Munz said. technical committee at the Centre were also invi- Dean Øystein Lund Bø at the Faculty of Science ted. The purpose was to update RCN on our work. and Technology spoke for a broader education. «The energy and environmental perspective is «We are especially eager to see how you have more important than ever. Therefore we have to met the recommendations from the mid-term broaden our education,» he said.

Centre management got advice from the new UiS-Rector New UiS-Rector Klaus Mohn gave ding. If the Centre is to continue a "tour" to the faculties and cen- its work, it would be with a diffe- tres at UiS last year. In Novem- rent business model than today. ber he visited the IOR Centre. The purpose was to get to know the Mohn adviced the management IOR Centre management – but to think outside the box when also vice versa – the staff at the they plan the future Centre. IOR Centre should get to know «Transition and insecure ti- the Rector. After a introduction of mes should be met with flexibi- the Centre and its management, lity. Don’t get caught up in the the rest of the meeting was spent term IOR. Focus on what you to discuss the future. After 2021 can and how you can bring that there will be no more public fun- knowledge forward,» Mohn said. 19 Researcher Profiles

Meet some of our new PhD and postdoc candidates. They were all hired in 2019, and together they cover six of the seven tasks in the Centre. Despite their different backgrounds, they are all dedicated to contribute to the implementation of environmentally friendly technologies for improving oil recovery on the Norwegian Continental Shelf. Here we get to know their background, scientific interests and their goals for working at the IOR Centre.

Mehul Vora (PhD) My name is Mehul Vora. Post areas on environmental moni- my bachelor in chemical engi- toring and impact assessment. neering, I’ve around 2 years of work experience as an operati- The compounds used as a part on engineer with an oil refine- of improved oil recovery (IOR) ry in India, which is my home solutions - both EOR enhan- nation. In Norway, I’ve studied cing compounds (polymers and completed two master etc.) and process assisting pro- programs, the first in Process ducts (e.g. tracers) may ultima- technology at Høgskolen i Te- tely end up in the marine en- lemark and the second in En- vironment. There are presently vironmental monitoring in knowledge gaps regarding pos- northern oil and gas producing sible environmental risk and regions at University of Stavan- impacts of discharging these ger including an exchange se- compounds to the sea. There is mester at St. Petersburg State also lack of knowledge related University. Besides this, I’ve to increase in emissions to air around 6 months of work expe- when implementing different rience in environmental con- IOR solutions. The objective of sultancy before commencing our project is to assess environ- my PhD studies in March 2019. mental impacts and risk associated with the IOR solutions. My long-term goal is to pur- When this is more clarified, sue a research-based career the results can be compared to in academia or industry focu- shortlist the IOR solutions that sed on solving issues related may enhance oil recovery and to environment and sustai- be environmentally friendly at nability, more specifically, in the same time. Moreover, the the areas of environmental results from environmental risk impact and risk assessment assessment (ERA) will help to from discharges to the marine support decision making regar- environment and greenhouse ding implementation of risk re- gas emissions to air. However, ducing measures such as re-in- I’m always open to build on jection/treatment of produced new skills that is in line with water or drilling discharges. the recent development in the

20 André Luís Morosov (PhD) André Luís Morosov is a 34 tarina, Brazil and a MS degree years-old Brazilian that joi- in petroleum engineering from ned the IOR Centre in Janua- University of Campinas, Brazil. ry 2019 as research fellow and Research interests include re- PhD candidate. He has worked servoir management, pressu- for 7 years as reservoir engi- re-transient analysis, subsurfa- neer at Petrobras, in the cor- ce flow simulation, uncertainty porate reservoir-evaluation assessment and decision ana- team, mainly on field apprai- lysis. sals and development-projects technical reviews. Formerly, Contribute to the process of he also worked as a wireline evaluating, planning, and ap- field engineer at Schlumber- proving EOR field-pilot-tests ger. Morosov holds a BS degree and projects through decision in electrical engineering from frameworks and reservoir en- Federal University of Santa Ca- gineering.

Micheal Oguntola (PhD) I am Micheal Oguntola from a robust methodology for the Ogun-State, Nigeria. I had my optimization and value quanti- Bachelor’s Degree in pure mat- fication of EOR methods such

hematics from the University as smart water, CO2, and po- of Ibadan, Nigeria. Also, I hold lymer for hydrocarbon reser- two masters’ degrees, one in voirs with different complexiti- pure and applied mathematics es to improve decision making. from the African Institute for Also, I am looking at evaluating Mathematical Science (AIMS), the impact of higher-order nu- Cameroon and the other one merical schemes for subsurfa- in computational mathematics ce flow on decision making for from the Pan African Univer- the EOR techniques. sity, Institute for Basic Scien- ces, Innovation and Techno- The major goal for my work at logy (PAUSTI), Kenya. the Centre is to help the energy industries make a better deci- My scientific interests are in: sion for their field operations analysis of partial differential in other to get maximum eco- equations, functional analysis, nomic benefit with minimal algebraic topology, stochastic environmental impacts. Also, processes analysis, fluid and I plan to deliver outstanding solid mechanics, porous media results in my field of research flow, and numerical and reser- that will contribute to maintai- voir optimization. I am a PhD ning the position of The Nati- student at The National IOR onal IOR Centre of Norway as Centre of Norway. Currently, one of the leading research in- I am working on developing stitutes.

21 Researcher Profiles

Arun Kumar Panneer Selvam (PhD) Arun Kumar Panneer Selvam, from nanotechnology, polymer is a PhD student at the Univer- chemistry to reservoir charac- sity of Stavanger, affliated with terization. National IOR Center of Nor- way and Institute of Energy Te- His focus within the IOR cen- chnology (IFE). He is working ter is reservoir characterization on developing nanoparticle by tracer technology. The pro- tracers for reservoir characte- ject is part of task 5 under the risation, with special focus on umbrella of the IOR center and nanocarriers for targeted tra- aims in using nanoparticles for cer release. tracer studies. The goal is to create a new methodology to Arun is from Chennai, India, do tracer tests for single well where he did his bachelors in chemical tracer tests (SWCTT) chemical engineering from with the use of stimuli-sensiti- Anna University. With an aim ve nanoparticles for targeting to pursue further and interests the release of tracers in the in the oil industry, he chose to near well zone of the reser- do his masters in chemical en- voir. Establishing the new met- gineering at Norwegian Univer- hodology to do SWCTT would sity of Science and Technology be a “greener” alternative as it (NTNU) with a specialisation would require less chemicals in Surface and Colloid Chemis- and also save time to do these try. His scientific interests vary tests compared to its conven- over a broad spectrum, ranging tentional counterparts.

Panagiotis Aslanidis (PhD) My name is Panos Aslani- tability alteration in sandstone dis and I am from Greece. I rocks along with the Smart Wa- graduated from the Mineral ter group. At the current phase Resources Engineering De- in my project, I am working partment of the Technical Uni- on core restoration processes. versity of Crete and been awar- We are trying to implement a ded a Master of Science degree restoration method for sand- in Petroleum Engineering at stones that will provide repro- the same school. ducible results. Optimization of this process will be helpful My scientific interests include for further research on the to- mainly experimental resear- pic and for practical applicati- ch in reservoir engineering. I on too. worked several months during my underground thesis at a My goal for this three year PVT lab measuring densities of period is to provide some ad-

oil mixtures with CO2 in high ditional knowledge around pressure and temperature. The wettability and wettability alte- past year, since the PhD period ration phenomena in sandsto- started, I am working on wet- ne rocks. 22 Tine Vigdel Bredal (PhD) I have a bachelor in Optometry distribution depending on the Engineering from HIBU 2003 composition of fluid that is in- and have been working as an jected. Another topic relates to optometrist for many years. experiments on synthetic calci- I needed new challenges and te and pure dolomite powder, started therefor on a bachel- to exclude the impact of clay or in Petroleum Geoscience minerals regarding dissolution autumn 2014 at the University and precipitation of new grown of Stavanger. I planned on a minerals. These cores are floo- bachelor only, but changed my ded with different composition mind when I figured out that of brines under reservoir con- I had just started to learn the ditions in triaxial cell experi- interesting stuff. I continued ments. In both these studies, I with a Master in 2016, also at will use a list of different met- the University of Stavanger, hods of analysis. and currently in a PhD position at the IOR centre, studying Understanding the alteration reservoir properties. of minerals and its distribution is of great importance when One main topic is related to predicting reservoir behavi- outcrop chalk from Mons Ba- or when brine is injected, and sin (analogue to Ekofisk) which especially when it comes to has been artificially fractured fractured chalk. This will in- and flooded under reservoir crease accuracy of modelling conditions in triaxial cell expe- reservoir. By getting familiar riment. I further study how the with a great number of met- fractured cores affect geome- hods, I will improve the ap- chanical responses compared plicability of an already esta- to non-fractured cores. These blished “toolbox” for future responses seems to be linked challenges at the IOR Centre. to mineralogical alteration and

William Chalub Cruz (PhD) I started studying petroleum Today, I am a PhD candidate engineering in Brazil during at the University of Stavanger my bachelor's at the Federal with focus on data assimilation University of Pelotas. After methods using different types of my bachelor's, I did a mas- field data. I am part of the Data ter’s degree focused on reser- Assimilation and Optimizati- voir data assimilation using on group in NORCE, Bergen. ensemble-based methods at the State University of Cam- I hope to be able to develop pinas. During this time, I be- good research that would con- came interested in research tribute to the research and de- areas of History Matching velopment data assimilation and Statistical Learning. community.

23 Researcher Profiles

Nisar Ahmed (PhD) I’m currently working as Re- the objective is to the develop search Fellow in Applied Ge- an appropriate theoretical ophysics at the Department of background and workflow, for Energy Resources, University including the frequency depen- of Stavanger. In respect of my dence into the time-lapse (4D) academic qualification, I have seismic AVO inversion and done my M.Sc. in Applied Geo- analysis to estimate viscoelastic logy and M.Phil. degree (Geop- properties, pressure and fluid hysics) in 2013 from Institute saturation changes. This will of Geology, University of the help to improve the accuracy Punjab (Pakistan). My field of of the results and at the same interest includes reservoir ge- time bring additional informa- ophysics and rock physics. At tion about the reservoir forma- the present, I’m working on ‘4D tion and resultantly it will po- seismic frequency dependent tentially improve the recovery AVO inversion to predict sa- from hydrocarbon reservoirs. turation-pressure changes’ and

Aleksandr Mamonov (postdoc) I have master's degree in Pe- The main focus of my research troleum engineering and over work in recent years has been 5 years of experience working the study of reservoir rock we- in academia with laboratory tability and Smart Water EOR analysis related to water-based technology. "Smart Water" is Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) ion modified injection water, methods and fluid flow in designed to displace oil more porous media. My main scien- efficiently than other brines tific interests are dedicated to and improve oil recovery. mineral surface characterizati- Smart Water injection is one of on and fluid-rock interactions the most promising EOR met- in sandstone and carbonate hods in the modern oil indus- reservoirs. Throughout my re- try and one of the most chal- search practice, I have gained lenging to study. My current a strong experience working research project in IOR Cen- with chemical analytical met- tre aims to strengthen under- hods and advanced core ana- standing of Smart Water EOR lysis, as well as maintenance processes and promote this of laboratory equipment and technology towards industrial technical supervision of master applications. and bachelor student projects.

24 Juan Michael Sargado (postdoc) I obtained my bachelor and mulation of Brittle Fracture”. master degrees in civil engi- During the latter part of my neering from the University of PhD studies, I was employed the Philippines Diliman, and as a part-time researcher at the was employed as instructor International Research Institu- and later assistant professor at te of Stavanger which later on the Institute of Civil Engine- became part of NORCE. ering. Following this, I worked for two years as a member of My current research interests the scientific staff at the Insti- lie in the field of computatio- tute of Structural Mechanics, nal geomechanics and fracture Bauhaus University Weimar in mechanics, in particular the ef- Germany. In 2014, I moved to fect of external processes such Norway and was admitted as a as flow, chemical reactions research fellow at the Depart- and thermal dissipation on the ment of Mathematics, Univer- evolution of complex fracture sity of Bergen where I carried networks. As a postdoc with out research on phase-field ap- the National IOR Centre, I am proaches for modeling for britt- working to couple the OPM le fracture evolution along with flow simulator to the multip- the design and implementation hysics framework BROOMStyx of high-performance software that I wrote during my PhD. for scientific computing. I re- The goal of this project is to ceived my PhD degree in Sep- extend the capabilities of OPM tember 2019 after successfully to enable simulation of che- defending my thesis entitled mo-mechanical compaction in “Phase-field Modeling and Si- chalk reservoirs.

Runar Berge (postdoc) I did my master’s degree in fractured porous media”. This mathematics and physics at also summarize my main sci- the Norwegian University of entific interests which includes Science and Technology in numerical methods, modeling, Trondheim. After I finished my advanced simulations, and degree, I moved to Bergen and fractures in porous media. started a PhD at the Depart- ment of Mathematics. The main goal of my work at The National IOR Centre of In the fall of 2019 I submitted Norway is to extend the featu- the thesis: ”Numerical met- res of OPM to include fracture hods for coupled processes in flow.

25 PhD Defences 2019

Oddbjørn Nødland defended his thesis «Core scale mo- The 15th of Mars, Remya Nair defended her doctoral degree delling of EOR transport mechanisms» 8th of January. with the thesis «Smart Water for Enhanced Oil Recovery Photos: Kjersti Riiber from Seawater and Produced Water by Membranes».

CENTRE PHDS Samuel Erzuah Aojie Hong Shaghayegh Javadi Kun Guo Tijana Voake Laura Borromeo Mona Wetrhus Minde Coming up: Oddbjørn Nødland Jaspreet Singh Sachdeva Remya Nair Emanuela Kallesten Mohan Sharma Dhruvit Berawala

Mohan Sharma defended his thesis «CO2 Mobility Control with Foam for Enhanced Oil Recovery and Associated Stora- ge. Multi-Scale Approach for Field Application» 25th of April.

Shaghayegh Javadi did her public defense the 25th of November with the thesis «Interaction between two calcite surfaces in aqueous solutions. Study of nano-scale Samuel Erzuah defended his PhD thesis «Wettability Esti- interfacial forces using AFM and SFA». 26 mation by Oil Adsorption» 24th of September. Highlights from the PhD Defences

Core scale modelling of EOR transport mechanisms During my PhD period I worked and the porous medium (e.g., per- with simulation models for poly- meability and porosity) directly into mer flow in porous media. The fo- the equations solved for. Thus, fe- cus was on developing, and testing, wer fitting parameters are required a new model that can handle all of than in other models reported in the the non-Newtonian flow regimes literature, which makes it more ro- commonly observed at the core sca- bust and easier to translate to larger le, especially apparent shear thic- scales. So far, we have applied the kening and mechanical degradati- model to several laboratory data sets Oddbjørn on. Both flow regimes are potential for HPAM polymer solutions floo- Nødland showstoppers for applying polymer ded through sandstone cores, with flooding offshore; the first because good agreement between modelled it might lead to excessive pressure and recorded pressure data. build-up at injection wells, and the second because mechanical degra- The model has been implemen- dation permanently ruptures the ted into the IORCoreSim software, polymer molecules, and thus lowers which makes it a valuable tool for their ability to improve reservoir both researchers and the industry. sweep. It is therefore very important It can for example be used as part to understand when these issues be- of a screening phase for applying come problematic, and to be able to polymer flooding at the field; to in- quantify their likely impact. terpret what goes on in conducted core floods, as well to explore pos- A particular advantage of our si- sible effects of changing the experi- mulation model is that it incorpo- mental conditions such as flow rates rates properties of both the polymer and core heterogeneity.

Smart Water for EOR from Seawater and Produced Water by Membranes Sustainable use of scarce water re- ting towards more water-wet condi- sources and stringent environmen- tions, which improves displacement tal regulations are currently moving efficiency due to increased capillary the focus towards environmentally forces. Smart Water improves oil friendly and cost-effective injection recovery by wettability alteration in methods in the offshore oil industry. both carbonate and sandstone reser- Water injection is used for most oil voirs. Seawater is the main injection reservoirs as pressure support and brine offshore and when enriched in improved displacement of oil. Most divalent ions such as SO₄²- and Ca²+ water-based enhanced oil recovery and depleted in Na+ and Cl- is con- Remya Nair (EOR) techniques consist of chemi- sidered smart water in carbonates. cal injection into reservoirs resul- Injection brine with salinity below ting in hazardous flow back of che- 5,000 mg/L and low in divalent micals and produced water (PW). cations are considered suitable as smart water in sandstone reservoirs. Smart Water injection is an alterna- The main focus of this research was tive and simultaneously represents a to determine appropriate technical sustainable environmental and eco- conditions and limitations of Nano- nomic EOR flooding technique. The filtration membranes for producing optimized ionic composition of inje- smart water from seawater and PW. ction water improves the initial wet- 27 Highlights from the PhD Defences

Wettability estimation by oil adsorption Wettability is an indispensable para- ployed during the experiment were meter in reservoir multiphase flow due used as input into the Surface Comple- to its effect on fluid phase distribution xation Modelling (SCM). Not only did and flow properties such as relative the SCM technique predict the trend in permeability and capillary pressure. the wetting preferences of the rocks/ Wettability as defined by Craig (1971) minerals but also the mechanisms is the tendency of a fluid to adhere to that led to the oil adhesion such as di- a solid surface in the presence of other rect adhesion of carboxylate (>COO-) immiscible fluids. Numerous wettabi- onto positive mineral sites, divalent Samuel lity characterization techniques exist, cations (Ca²+ & Mg²+) bridging etc. Erzuah notable among them are the Amott The SCM technique has also been ex- and United State Bureau of Mines tended to predict wettability of mineral (USBM) methods. However, these te- mixtures and reservoir rocks. For the chniques characterize the wettability studied sandstone rocks and mineral base on specific measured outputs but mixtures, it was observed that though do not evaluate the mechanisms that the mineral with the dominant surface triggered them. The aim of my work area dictates the wetting preferences, was to estimate the wettability by ca- nonetheless its effect was overshado- pitalizing on the oil adhesion tenden- wed by the hydrophobic minerals con- cies of the rock/mineral during Cru- tent if the latter was relatively high. de Oil Brine Rock interactions. This The SCM technique has successfully was accomplished using both expe- been used to capture the trend in lite- rimental and simulation techniques. rature data such as zeta potential mea- Experimental techniques employed surements, spontaneous imbibition in include flotation, Quartz Crystal Mi- chalk with carbonated water (CW) and crobalance with Dissipation and Con- wettability measurement using Amott tact angle measurement. Properties and USBM techniques. and quantities of the rock-fluids em-

CO2 Mobility Control with Foam for EOR and Associated Storage The industry has a proven track reco- environment such as the Norwegian rd of safely injecting CO₂ into geologic Continental Shelf. An international formations, and it is well understood collaboration has been set up betwe- that CO₂ EOR can add value by increa- en universities and oil companies to sing oil recovery while reducing car- perform two field pilots to advance the bon emissions.However, based on the technology of using foam as mobility knowledge gained from field-scale pro- control agent for CO₂ EOR, with a fo- jects, it has been realised that a sub- cus on integrated reservoir modelling. stantial volume of reservoir remains Mohan unswept during CO₂ floods leading to My thesis investigates the mechanisms Sharma poor performance. involved in CO₂-Foam displacement, Foam, which is generated using a sur- at both small and large scales, for one factant, has the potential to overcome of the pilots in a carbonate reservoir. the challenges of unstable displace- The thesis builds upon six scientific ment during CO₂ injection. A few field papers that present the aspects of a pilots have been performed. However, multi-scale approach, and integrate only limited information is available findings from studies performed at po- to de-risk the technology for imple- re-scale, core-scale and field-scale. mentation in a high-cost and high-risk 28 Interaction between two calcite surfaces in aqueous solutions. Study of nano-scale interfacial forces using AFM and SFA

Chalk compaction and subsequent provide an opportunity of direct seabed subsidence has been a ma- observation of mineral reactions to jor issue in many geological settings the contacting fluid and measuring and oil reservoirs such as Ekofisk. In the surface forces at nano-scale in my thesis, we discuss the "water we- air and liquid environments. In this akening" phenomenon, known to be project, we perform an extended the cause of the chalk compaction. number of experiments using the We further investigate the finding AFM and SFA to improve our un- that the macroscopic mechanical derstanding of variation in interfa- strength of the carbonate rocks is cial forces linked to the strength of Shaghayegh Javadi controlled by the chemical and phy- calcite and calcite-bearing rocks. sico-chemical processes at the grain contacts. We show that the strength In the AFM experiments, we bring of contact bonds at the grain boun- an in-situ fabricated calcite probe daries may be influenced by both into contact with an opposing freshly the salinity of the confined fluid and cleaved calcite surface in a fluid cell the topography of the dynamic cal- containing aqueous solutions with cite surfaces. varying chemical compositions. We also combine the AFM force mea- Carbonate-bearing rocks in the up- surements with a technique called per Earth’s crust are prone to con- inverse imaging, for in-situ simulta- tinuous changes under influences neous characterization of the calcite of various physical and chemical probes. Based on these experiments, processes. The macroscopic mecha- we discuss that the possible variati- nical strength of carbonates is ge- on in local topography of contacts, nerally controlled by the cohesion together with a strong dependence between contacting grains at a mo- on ionic strength of the solution, can lecular scale. These grains deform explain the variation in strength of in contact regions due to the che- calcite rocks in aqueous solutions. mistry of pore fluid. The repulsive and attractive forces that operate at With the SFA, we can perform the grain contacts may be affected in-situ observations of the possible by the dissolution and recrystalli- changes in the surfaces via light in- zation kinetics at the mineral-liquid terferometry technique while me- interfaces. The processes by which asuring the interfacial interactions the nano-scale interfacial forces are at nano-scale. At this scale, inte- influenced by changing properti- ractions between contacting surface es of the confined fluid are largely asperities define the nature of inter- unknown. In my thesis, I investigate facial forces, repulsive or attractive. these processes and their possible We discuss how the crystal growth, contribution to the strength of calci- dissolution and changes in surface te-bearing rocks and materials. roughness affect these interaction forces and their implications on the The Atomic Force Microscope strength of calcite-bearing rocks. (AFM) and Surface Force Apparatus (SFA) are two powerful tools that

29 Research Dissemination, Conferences & Awards

THE SPEAKERS

• Christine Sagen Helgø, mayor of Stavanger • Rikard Gaarder Knut- sen, state secretary • Karl Johnny Hersvik, AkerBP • Kristin Færøvik, Lundin Norway • Knut Åm, Envision • Roger Flage, UiS • Remus Hanea, Equinor/ University of Stavanger • Reidar Bratvold, UiS • Jon Sætrom, Resoptima • Kjetil Hove, Equinor • Alex Hansen, NTNU • Mario Silva, IFE • Colin MacBeth, Heriot-Watt University • Rolf Johan Lorentzen, Kristin Færøvik in Lundin (left) and former Centre director Merete Vadla Madland. Photo: Marius Vervik NORCE Lundin Norway shares all data from one field Centre director Merete Vadla industry partners at the Cen- fully this can serve as an inspi- Madland got the best present tre. ration for other companies,» during IOR NORWAY 2019. «This is openness and sharing Færøvik said. CEO in Lundin Norway, Kris- in action. We are giving the Centre director Merete Vadla tin Færøvik, gave Madland a access to data worth 25 billi- Madland was amazed by the giftbox containing data great news. worth 25 billion Norwe- «When we were awarded gian krones. In the gift- the Centre, an important box was a memory stick prerequisite was that we with all the data sets got hold of field data. We from the field Edvard Grieg in on NOK,» Færøvik said. For have had this on the agenda for the North Sea. This is the first the researchers at the Centre it five years, but it has been diffi- time a operator on the Norwe- is of great importance to have cult to get access. We've got a gian Continental Shelf has sha- access to real data from real little earlier, but never near an red all data from one field. fields. amount like this.» Lundin Norway is one of the «See if you can beat us! Hope-

Eystein Opsahl, PhD student at The National IOR Centre of Norway, was awarded the prize for the best young talent at IOR NORWAY 2019. The Skjæveland Award is the Centre's prize for young researchers. The prize goes to a young researcher within IOR (improved oil recovery) that has shown the ability to innovate within his or her field. Eystein Opsahl was one of the first PhD students to be hired at the Centre. His project «Environmental fate and effect of EOR polymers» seeks to provide understanding about the behaviour and effects of EOR polymers in the marine environment at low concentrations. Rector Marit Boyesen and winner Eystein Opsahl. Photo: Marius Vervik

30 PhD student Mehul Vora presented at OG21 PhD student at the IOR Centre, Mehul Vora, did a great job representing University of Stavanger at OG21 in Oslo. OG21 is Norway's national oil and gas strategy. At the OG21-forum high level technology decision makers in the petroleum industry meet to discuss the continued importance of technology and innovation to value creation in Norway and on the Norwegian Continental Shelf.

For the students at The National IOR Cen- tre of Norway this forum has become an important place to meet possible collaborators from the industry. This year it was PhD student Mehul Vora's time to present on behalf of the IOR Centre and University of Stavanger.

The theme for this year's OG21-forum was: «How can technology make our projects faster, with lower costs and reduced emissions?» Mehul Vora presented: «Faster / Affordable / Cleaner - Techn- ology for higher productivity and lower emissions: Improved Oil Recovery (IOR) by Smart Water.» Mehul Vora (nr. 2 from the left). Photo: Merete Vadla Madland evaluate overall environmental impacts and risks In Vora's PhD project, the purpose is to develop associated with different IOR solutions resulting and implement risk analysis methods and models from the IOR Centre research activities. The IOR in support of the IOR Centre efforts to assess and solution presented at OG21 was Smart Water.

PhD student of the year Photo: Helle Navratil / SPE PhD student at The National IOR Centre of Nor- way, Jaspreet Singh Sachdeva (picture), was honored with the award «PhD student of the year» at the SPE (Society of Petroleum Engine- ers) gala night. This is SPE Stavanger's prize for students with excellent academic performance at UiS. The gala was arranged Friday 26 April. Sachdeva is writing his PhD thesis on the subje- ct «Effect of wetting property on the mechanical strength of chalk at hydrostatic, and in-situ stress and temperature conditions».

«A big credit of this award goes to my supervisors and the whole of the IOR Centre as well. All have been helping and supporting me unconditionally during these past years. Thank you very much,» Sachdeva said after receiving the award. In addition Bjørn Olav Hapnes won the award for BSc student of the year and Espen Dommersnes was awarded MSc student of the year. They're both studying at Department of Energy and Pe- troleum Engineering.

31 Selected Papers

These are the task leaders’ selected papers for 2019.

TASK 1 hard Schulz, Sabine "Temperature Gilbricht cycling and its effect on mecha- We managed to pu- nical behaviours blish a paper based of high-porosity on the PhD work chalks" by Mona Wetrhus T. Voake, A. Ner- Minde in the most moen, R.I. Korsnes, re-known geoche- I.L. Fabricius mical journal world-wide: Geochimi- The paper focu- ca et Cosmochimica ses on how tem- Actas. This is a ma- perature history jor achievement in affects chalk core the field of geosci- mechanics. During ences and normally reservoir operations temperature variations are only preserved for established scientists. This im- induced by intermittency of cold fluid injection plies the highest degree of dissemination in the aca- and shut-in. Here, we develop novel chalk core demic context. We published the results as ”open experiments, where samples are exposed to dai- access” to maximize the impact of dissemination. ly warming and cooling, before hydrostatic stress The results are extremely important for all re- cycles. The temperature, and corresponding searcher and interested parties related to rock- stress cycles, were repeated daily 11 times. Each fluid interaction in porous media. We identify time the reversible and irreversible strains were high porosity zones as immanent to rock chan- quantified. This made it possible to compare di- ges – an effect which should be studied furth- rectly to stress cycles of samples held at constant er in terms of the IOR Centre’s purposes. (The temperature (see fig). The results display that article has been published in 2019 on-line.) stiffer/stronger medium porosity chalks (from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2019.09.017 Kansas, USA), were more sensitive to the temperature variation in the sense that more plastic TASK 3 strain accumulated through the tests, than soft/ "Adhesive for- weak high porous chalks (from Mons, Belgium). ces between two Moreover, samples saturated by water accumu- cleaved calcite lated more plastic strain than those saturated by surfaces in NaCl Isopar H oil. The observation that the thermal in- solutions:The im- duced damage prolongs through 10 cycles, imply portance of ionic that the bond-breakage is an ongoing process. For strength and nor- reservoirs, this imply that permanent damage is mal loading" expected in water-saturated regions, especially Javadi S, Røyne A the reservoir formations with more lithified and indurated chalks. Elastic re-bound by increased The mechanical pore pressure will thus more likely occur in oil sa- strength of calci- turated highly porous chalks. We were the first to te bearing rocks is study these effects in the laboratory. influenced by pore https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrmge.2018.11.010 fluid chemistry due to the variation TASK 2 in nano-scale surface forces acting at the grain "Mineral replacement in long-term flooded poro- contacts or close to the fracture tips. The adhe- us carbonate rocks" sion of two contacting surfaces, which affects the Mona Wetrhus Minde, Udo Zimmermann, Me- macroscopic strength of the material, is not only rete Vadla Madland, Reidar Inge Korsnes, Bern- influenced by the fluid chemistry but also by the 32 surface topography. In this paper, we use Atomic to analyse compaction experiments, and to extract Force Microscope (AFM) to measure the interfacial the additional deformation induced by the chemi- forces between two freshly cleaved calcite surfaces in cal interaction between the injected water and the CaCO₃-saturated solutions with varying NaCl concen- rock. The chemical changes are studied on a field tration. We show that calcite contacts become stron- scale using potential flow models. On a field scale, ger with increasing NaCl concentration (>100 mM), we show that the dissolution/precipitation mecha- as a result of progressively weaker secondary hydra- nisms studied in the lab will propagate at a much tion and increasing attraction due to instantaneous lower speed and mainly affect compaction near ion-ion correlation. Moreover, we discuss the effect the well region and close to the temperature front. of normal applied force (Fn) and surface roughness Changes in surface charge travel much faster in the on the measured adhesion forces (Fad). We show that reservoir and might be an important contributor to the measured pull-off force (adhesion) is linearly co- the observed water weakening effect. We also discuss rrelated with the magnitude of Fn, where an increase how mineralogical variations impacts compaction. in appliedforce results in increased adhesion. This is https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences10010006 attributed to a larger number of contacting surface asperitiesand thus increase in real contact area and TASK 5 the contact-bond strength. We discuss that the possi- "Stability assessment of ble variation in local topography at contacts, together PITT tracer candidate with strong dependence on ionic strength of the so- compounds: the case of lution, can explain the inconsistent behavior of calcite pyrazines" rocks in NaCl solutions. Silva, Mario; Stray, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2018.08.027 Helge; Bjørnstad, Tor

TASK 4 The determination of "Compaction and Fluid the residual oil satura- Rock Interaction in tion (SOR) in the swept Chalk. Insight from Mo- volumes between inje- delling and Data at Pore, ctor/producer well pairs Core-, and Field-Scale" is a parameter of major Mona Wetrhus Minde, importance for the de- Aksel Hiorth sign and/or evaluation of IOR projects in mature oilfields. The partitioning This paper address the inter-well tracer test (PITT) is used to measure SOR challenge of upscaling in water-flooded reservoirs. It relies on the simulta- chemical effects observe neous use of passive and phase-partitioning tracers. at the lab scale to reser- There is a lack of qualified water/oil partitioning tra- voir scale. Many of the cers. A systematic qualification process is necessary in chalk formations in the the development process of new PITT tracers. In the North Sea contains large present document we report and discuss the findings volumes of oil. In some areas, the porosity is higher from stability experiments performed on 2 alkylpyra- than 45%. During production, the reservoir pressure zines, 1 methoxypyrazine and 2 halogenated pyrazines is decreased, the effective stress is increased and the as PITT tracer candidates. Highlights are: reservoir subsequently compacts. Compaction is a sig- • The stability of 5 pyrazines was successfully eva- nificant driver for oil expulsion, and, as an example, luated up to 150 °C during 12 weeks. for the Valhall field in the North Sea, the compacti- • The influence of salinity, typical reservoir rocks on is estimated to contribute to 50% of the total re- and pH was also assessed. covery. For the Ekofisk field, reservoir compaction • The stability of the compounds is related to the has led to seabed subsidence of approximately 9 m, nature of their substituents. where about 50% of the 9 m is due to pore pressure • Two of the alkylpyrazines are promising pha- decline,and about 50% is due to the injected water. se-partitioning tracer candidates. In this paper, we argue that the water weakening effe- • The compound 2-mehoxypyrazine is very sensiti- ct can to a large extend be understood as a combina- ve to the presence of clay (kaolinite). It can poten- tion of changes in water activity, surface charge and tially be developed as a monitor for clay. chemical dissolution. We apply the de Waal model https://doi.org/10.1016/j.petrol.2019.106269 33 TASK 6 Simulation Conference 2019 proceedings, and "Comparison of now the revised manuscript is submitted for a pu- Higher Order Sche- blishing in the SPE Journal. mes on Complica- https://doi.org/10.2118/193839-MS ted Meshes and Re- servoirs" Anna Kvashchuk, TASK 7 Robert Klöfkorn, "Simultaneous as- Tor Harald Sand- similation of pro- ve. duction and seismic data: application Accurate numerical to the Norne field" modeling of fluid R. J. Lorentzen, T. transport is essen- Bhakta, D. Grana, tial in reservoir X. Luo, R. Vales- management, es- trand and G. Næv- pecially for enhanced oil recovery (EOR). A good dal example of tertiary recovery is the carbon dioxide injection (CO₂-EOR). This technology has a sig- This paper present nificant potential for increasing the oil producti- a flexible workflow on, while directly reducing the CO₂ emissions. for automatic his- Standard simulation tools, used in reservoir ma- tory matching using nagement, are based on finite volume techniques, production and seismic data and show a success- which are known to suffer from the numerical dif- ful history matching on the the released Norne fusion. This phenomenon is inherent in first order benchmark dataset. The most severe problem, finite volume methods and leads to smearing of when applying ensemble-based methods for assi- fronts, wrong mixing zones and other side effects. milating large data sets, is that the uncertainty is For EOR applications this could mean wrong pre- usually underestimated due to the limited num- diction of distribution of the fluids, which, in its ber of models in the ensemble compared with the term, may lead to misinterpretations of the pos- dimension of the data, which inevitably leads to sible potential of the EOR methods. The inconsis- an ensemble collapse. Localization and data re- tencies and errors are reduced when higher order duction methods are promising approaches miti- methods are used. gating this problem. In this paper, we present a The paper demonstrates performance and capa- new robust and flexible workflow for assimilating bilities of two higher-order finite volume methods seismic attributes and production data. The met- on several benchmark cases with emphasis on re- hodology is based on sparse representation of the levance to the practical reservoir simulation. In seismic data, using methods developed for image particular, we use the Norne field open data set, denoising. We propose to assimilate production which enables cross validation with other imple- and seismic data simultaneously, and to ensure mentations. The methods are compared on mul- equal weight on these data types, we apply scaling tiphase flow problems typical for improved oil based on the initial data match. Further, a newly recovery: solvent and CO₂ injection. The second developed flexible correlation-based localization order method with linear programming optimiza- technique is used for both data types. An iterative tion reconstructions outperformed the first order ensemble smoother is used for the simultaneous and second order with least squares reconstructi- assimilation of production and seismic data. We on methods on all the test cases, including field show that the methodology is robust and ensem- case Norne. ble collapse is avoided. Furthermore, the propo- All the described implementations are based on sed workflow is flexible, as it can be applied to an open source reservoir simulator Open Poro- seismic data or inverted seismic properties, and us Media (OPM) and will be made available in the methodology requires only moderate compu- the future. Which means these methods will be ter memory. The results show that through this accessible for reservoir engineers and can be used method, we can successfully reduce the data mis- with industry-standard modeling setups. The pa- match for both production data and seismic data. per originally was published in the SPE Reservoir https://doi.org/10.1007/s10596-019-09900-0

34 Media Contributions 2019

ONSDAG 20. MARS 2019 18 STAVANGER AFTENBLAD

NYHETER ! Petter Smedvig Hagland har etablert nytt selskap for å bygge på Alstor-tomten

STAVANGER: På jeg kommer til å legge mye tid, Per Øyvind Seljebotn, fra venstre, Merete V. Madland og Kristin Færøvik gleder seg over UiS-samarbeidet. forsommeren starter krefter og innsats ned i fram- c OLA MYRSET salget av leilighetene over også. på den mye omtalte Samtidig er det klart at det er Alstor-tomten, og før Eiendomsmegler 1 - med me året er omme skal glerne Sjur André Svihus og Er- hotellet være revet. lend Haglund i spissen - som- Vill jubel på Universitetet: har fått oppdraget med å selge leilighetene i Mosvannet Park. Kjell-Ivar Gilje Grøndal – Jeg er veldig fornøyd med [email protected] at det er Sjur og Erlend som skal selge Mosvannet Park. Lundin deler Det er Petter Smedvig Hagland Først og fremst er dette dedi og selskapet Mosvannet Utvik kerte meglere med bred kunn-- ling AS som står bak prosjektet.- skap og kjennskap til områ – Nå skal vi inn i en såkalt dene rundt. De vet også hva- rammesøknad. Når den er fer målgruppen for leilighetene er hemmeligheter om dig, så går vi i gang med det- på jakt etter, og kan derfor og- første salgstrinnet. Forhåpent så være med på utformingen, lig skjer det i løpet av våren og- sier Kjetil Andersen til Eien sommeren. Etterspørselen da domsmegler 1 sin hjemmeside.- vil danne grunnlaget for den Megler Sjur André Svihus Edvard Grieg-feltet videre timeplanen for prosjek har stor tro på prosjektet: tet, sa Petter Smedvig Hagland- – Her blir det en stor park til Aftenbladet for halvannen med sol, og alle leilighetene uke siden. STAVANGER: har lydisolerende vindu. Det Olje blir en fantastisk utsikt over selskapet håper å få- ut mer ut av feltene på norsk sokkel. Andersen er daglig leder Mosvatnet. Dette blir en suk Ifølge årsberetningen til Smed «ekstremt lønnsomme» I dag er den gjennomsnittlige klarer å komme tilbake med in sess, sier han. - vig Haglands selskap, Petrus utvinningsraten 47 prosent – alt formasjon som er nyttig for sel- - fat fra Nordsjøen. - AS, ble reguleringsplanen på så ligger over halvparten av oljen- skapet, sier Madland. Inngikk forlik Datadelingen er også og gassen igjen i bakken. Det ut Alstor-tomten endelig vedtatt I fjor på denne tiden pågikk i februar. Eiendommen er re gjennombruddet for talte målet er å få utvinningsgra - Vil tjene mer den såkalte Alstor-rettssa gulert til bolig og næring be et forskningssenter den opp i 70 prosent. - Det håper også Kristin Færøvik. - ken. Det ble en skikkelig of- stående av 85 leiligheter og en- i Stavanger. Senteret ble etablert med sto – Vi deler jo ikke bare for at det fentlig skittentøyvask i Stavan- dagligvarebutikk. re forventninger om konkrete re - skal gagne fellesskapet. Dette kan ger tingrett hvor trioen Petter- sultater. Det har imidlertid vært- føre til ideer som gjør at vi får ut Nå har Petter Smedvig Hag Smedvig Hagland, Kjetil An Ola Myrset land etablert selskapet Mos vanskelig uten et omfattende da ekstra fat fra Edvard Grieg. Når in - dersen og Thomas Mjeldheim- [email protected] vannet Utvikling AS som skal tagrunnlag fra norsk sokkel. - frastrukturen allerede er bygget - til slutt ble dømt til å betale 14 - stå bak byggingen av det som – Da vi fikk oppdraget, var en ut, er det ekstremt lønnsomme fat millioner kroner til Alfred Yds – For oss er det viktig at vi gjør skal hete Mosvannet Park. viktig forutsetning at vi fikk tak i å produsere, sier Lundin-toppen. tebøs Base Gruppen og i tillegg- som vi sier, mener Lundin-sjef feltdata. Det har vi hatt på agen- Smedvig Hagland står opp Da Edvard Grieg-feltet startet 620.000 kroner for kostnader Kristin Færøvik. ført som styreleder, mens daen i fem år. Vi har fått litt tidli- produksjonen, var utvinningsgra - knyttet til bevissikring i saken. Deling av data er et av temaene Kjetil Andersen er daglig le gere, men aldri i nærheten av en den 38 prosent. Nå har den steget I utgangspunktet krevde Yds som opptar oljebransjen om da - der. Andersen er daglig leder mengde som dette, sier Madland. til 51 prosent. - tebø 130 millioner kroner av de- gen. Mange mener at mer åpen-- i The Property Group (TPG) og – Hvorfor dele alt? tre og deres selskaper, et beløp het må til for å utvikle industrien Nytt felt en av flere aksjonærer i Mos – Vi må dele nok til at det kan som ble økt til 194 millioner videre. I går hadde Færøvik med vannet Utvikling AS. Nå har hun fått mer enn hun vå- brukes til noe fornuftig. Jo mer - kroner ved sakens slutt. seg en god nyhet da hun gjestet en get å håpe på. I Brønnøysundregistrene konferanse på Universitetet i Sta data senteret har, jo bedre blir Noen måneder etter avsagt – Jeg har aldri hørt om lignen- står det følgende om Mosvan dom kom partene til enighet vanger (UiS): Lundin Norway vil prosjektene deres. Vi er alltid in- - de, verken i Norge eller interna net Utvikling AS: «Investering,- om et forlik i saken. dele all data fra undergrunnen på teressert i å diskutere nye ideer sjonalt, sier Madland. - utvikling og salg av eiendom, Edvard Grieg-feltet med univer- for våre felt, sier Per Øyvind Sel- – Partene er enige om å be Hun mener det er spesielt in- samt hva hermed står i for handle innholdet i forliksav- sitetets senter for økt utvinning. jebotn, som er direktør for reser- - teressant at de nå får data om et bindelse. Selskapet kan delta- talen konfidensielt, men det – Nå får senteret noe konkret voarutvikling i Lundin Norway. nytt felt. Edvard Grieg ble satt i i andre selskaper med lignen- kan opplyses at motparten(e) å jobbe med. De kan teste egne Også Aker BP-sjef Karl Johnny produksjon i 2015. de virksomhet». betaler Base Gruppen noe mer modeller på et felt som skal være Hersvik var til stede på gårsda – Feltet skal produsere i 30 år gens konferanse. Han sto bakerst i enn det som følger av tingret lenge i drift, sier Færøvik til Sysla. - Eiendomsmegler 1 selger til. Det betyr at vi kan følge det lokalet og fikk med seg at Færøvik tens dom, het det i pressemel - I intervjuet med Aftenbla fra tidlig fase og finne ut hvordan overrakte dataene til Madland. dingen som ble sendt ut. - Trengte data utvinningen kan bli bedre, sier det for halvannen uke siden- Nyheten er et stort gjennom – Det er interessant. Vi er også i Trolig var forliket på rundt Madland og peker på at kunnska fikk Petter Smedvig Hagland 20 millioner kroner. brudd for forskningsmiljøet på gang med å dele data. I fjor prøv- - pen også kan overføres til andre- spørsmål om Alstor-prosjek Ullandhaug. de vi blant annet å gjøre sanntids Så til slutt en liten kuriosi felt på norsk sokkel. tet er det mest spennende pro - tet: Eiendomsmegler 1 sin Ei-- – Det er den beste gaven jeg informasjon om prosesstrømmer- – Jeg har stor respekt for at sjektet hans nå. Da svarte han- ganes-avdeling leier kontor kunne fått. Det var vill jubel her tilgjengelig. Interesse for det var Lundin deler denne informa følgende: hos nettopp Alfred Ydstebø da vi fikk vite dette – vi trodde litt lavere enn jeg hadde trodd. sjonen. Det innebærer også en- – Det er i hvert fall helt der og Base Gruppen i Hermetik knapt det var sant. Jeg tror man- Men jo mer som deles, jo bedre forpliktelse for oss. Jeg håper vi oppe sammen med et par an- ken. Meglerne Sjur André Svi ge misunner oss, sier Merete V. er det, sier Hersvik. - dre ting jeg er involvert i. Jeg er hus og Erlend Haglund som Madland, som leder senteret. - IOR-senteret helt sikker på at Alstor blir bra. nå skal selge prosjektet til Pet Det nasjonale IOR-senteret (im- Det er et prosjekt jeg har lagt ter Smedvig Hagland og Kjetil proved oil recovery) ble etablert i - y mye ned i allerede – og som Andersen sitter altså i det sam Stavanger i 2014, etter hard kamp Forsker på økt utvinning fra feltene på norsk sokkel. y me kontorlokalet som Ydstebø. med forskningsmiljøer i Bergen Etablert i Stavanger 2014, etter kamp mot Bergen - og Trondheim. og Trondheim. Senteret driver y tverrfaglig forskning for å finne Tre partnere: Universitet i Stavanger, forskningsinstituttet Norce (tidligere Iris) og Institutt for energiteknikk (IFE). ut hvordan oljebransjen kan få y Har også 11 brukerpartnere fra olje- og serviceindustrien. y IOR står for «improved oil recovery».

Hotel Alstor skal snart rives. c JON INGEMUNDSEN

35 Who are we?

Management team

Ying Guo Tina Puntervold Randi Valestrand Aksel Hiorth, UiS/NORCE Sissel Opsahl Viig Sven M. Skjæveland Merete Vadla Madland UiS/NORCE UiS, Assistant director / NORCE, Research director / Director of Academia & IFE, Director of Field UiS UiS, Centre director till Centre director Leader Theme 1 Leader Theme 2 Research Implementation Advisor 01.08.2019 Administration

Micol Pezzotta Kjersti Riiber Yasar Deniz Cam Mette Skretting Iren Lobekk UiS, Administrative UiS UiS NORCE, Administrative UiS, Economy advisor coordinator Communications advisor Economy advisor coordinator till 19.08.2019 Task leaders

Arne Stavland, NORCE Udo Zimmermann, UiS Espen Jettestuen, NORCE Aksel Hiorth, UiS/NORCE Tor Bjørnstad, IFE Robert Klöfkorn, NORCE Geir Nævdal, NORCE Task 1 / Project manager Task 2 / Project manager Task 3 / Project manager Task 4 / Project manager Task 5 / Project manager Task 6 / Project manager Task 7 / Project manager

PhD students

Samuel Erzuah Jaspreet S. Sachdeva Tijana Voake Irene Ringen Emanuela Kallesten Panagiotis Aslanidis Tine Vigdel Bredal Shaghayegh Javadi

Bjarte Hetland Eystein Opsahl Remya Nair Siv Marie Åsen Mehul Vora Mario Silva Arun Selvam Dhruvit Berawala

Anna Kvashchuk Mohan Sharma Yiteng Zhang Karen Synnøve Ohm André Morosov William Chalub Cruz Micheal Oguntola Nisar Ahmed Postdocs

Ivan Pinerez Torrijos Aleksandr Mamonov Oddbjørn Nødland Juan Michael Sargado Trine S. Mykkeltvedt Birane Kane Kjersti Eikrem Runar Berge 36 Publications

Journal articles Andersen, Pål Østebø; Nesvik, Eirik Kjos; Stand- Aghaeifar, Zahra; Strand, Skule; Puntervold, Tina. nes, Dag Chun. Significance of capillary forces during low-rate Analytical solutions for forced and spontaneous waterflooding. Energy & Fuels 2019 ;Volum 33. imbibition accounting for viscous coupling. Jour- s.3989-3997 nal of Petroleum Science and Engineering 2019 UIS ;Volum 186. UIS Agista, Madhan Nur; Andersen, Pål Østebø; Yu, Zhixin. Andersen, Pål Østebø; Qiao, Yangyang; Standnes, Modelling nanofluid injection in porous media. Dag Chun; Evje, Steinar. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering Cocurrent Spontaneous Imbibition in Porous Me- 2019 ;Volum 176. s.836-849 dia with the Dynamics of Viscous Coupling and UIS Capillary Backpressure. SPE Journal 2019 ;Volum 24.(1) s.158-177 Alcorn, Zachary Paul; Fredriksen, Sunniva; Shar- UIS ma, Mohan; Rognmo, Arthur Uno; Føyen, Tore Lyngås; Fernø, Martin; Graue, Arne. Andersen, Pål Østebø; Walrond, Kenny; Nainggo- An integrated carbon-dioxide-foam enhan- lan, Citra Kirana Lestari; Pulido, Eliana Vasquez; ced-oil-recovery pilot program with combined Askarinezhad, Reza. carbon capture, utilization, and storage in an ons- Simulation interpretation of capillary pressure hore and relative permeability from waterflooding la- Texas heterogeneous carbonate field. SPE Reser- boratory experiments in preferentially oil-wet voir Evaluation and Engineering 2019 ;Volum porous 22.(4) s.1449-1466 media. SPE Reservoir Evaluation and Engine- SINTEF UiB UIS ering 2019 ;Volum 23. NORCE UIS Andersen, Pål Østebø. A simplified modelling approach for petroleum Berawala, Dhruvit Satishchandra; Andersen, Pål recovery by spontaneous imbibition in naturally Østebø; Ursin, Jann Rune. fractured reservoirs. Journal of Natural Gas Controlling Parameters During Continuum Flow Science and Engineering 2019 ;Volum 63. s.95- in Shale-Gas Production: A Fracture/Matrix-Mo- 114 deling Approach. SPE Journal 2019 ;Volum 24.(3) UIS s.1378-1394 UIS Andersen, Pål Østebø. Capillary Pressure Effects on Estimating the En- Chang, Yuqing; Lorentzen, Rolf Johan; Nævdal, hanced-Oil-Recovery Potential During Low-Sa- Geir; Feng, Tao. linity and Smart Waterflooding. SPE Journal 2019 OLYMPUS optimization under geological un- ;Volum 25. certainty. Computational Geosciences 2019, doi: UIS 10.1007/s10596-019-09892-x NORCE Andersen, Pål Østebø; Berawala, Dhruvit Satis- hchandra. Hong, Aojie; Bratvold, Reidar B; Lake, Larry W.. Modeling of creep-compacting outcrop chalks in- Fast Analysis of Optimal Improved-Oil-Recovery jected with Ca-Mg-Na-Cl brines at reservoir con- Switch Time Using a Two-Factor Production Mo- ditions. SPE Journal 2019 ;Volum 24.(6) s.2889- del and Least-Squares Monte Carlo Algorithm. 2910 SPE Reservoir Evaluation and Engineering 2019 UIS ;Volum 22.(3) s.1144-1160 UIS Andersen, Pål Østebø; Lohne, Arild; Stavland, Arne; Hiorth, Aksel; Brattekås, Bergit. Hong, Aojie; Bratvold, Reidar B; Lake, Larry W.; Core scale modeling of polymer gel dehydration Ruiz Maraggi, Leopoldo. by spontaneous imbibition. SPE Journal 2019 Integrating Model Uncertainty in Probabilis- ;Volum 24.(3) s.1201-1219, NORCE UiB UIS tic Decline-Curve Analysis for Unconventio- 37 nal-Oil-Production Forecasting. SPE Reservoir Katsura; Ota, Tsutomu. Evaluation and Engineering 2019 ;Volum 22.(3) Mineralogical alterations in calcite powder floo- s.861-876 ded with MgCl2 to study Enhanced Oil Recovery UIS (EOR) mechanisms at pore scale. Microporous and Mesoporous Materials 2019 Huang X., Jakobsen M., Eikrem K. S. & Nævdal UIS G., Target-oriented inversion of time-lapse seismic Minde, Mona Wetrhus; Zimmermann, Udo; waveform data, 2019, Communication in Compu- Madland, Merete Vadla; Korsnes, Reidar Inge; tational Physics, doi: 10.4208/cicp.OA-2018- Schultz, Bernhard; Gilbricht, Sabine. 0143 Mineral replacement in long-term flooded poro- NORCE UiB us carbonate rocks. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 2019 ;Volum 268. s.485-508 Huang, X., Jakobsen, M., & Wu, R. S. (2020). On UIS the applicability of a renormalized Born series for seismic wavefield modelling in strongly scat- Nygård, Jan Inge; Andersen, Pål Østebø. tering media. Journal of Geophysics and Engine- Simulation of immiscible WAG injection in a stra- ering ; Volum 17.(2), s.277-299 tified reservoir – performance characterization NORCE UiB using a new dimensionless number. SPE Journal 2019 Klewiah, Isaac; Berawala, Dhruvit Satishchandra; UIS Walker, Hans Christian Alexander; Andersen, Pål Østebø; Nadeau, Paul Henry. Nødland, Oddbjørn Mathias; Lohne, Arild; Stav- Review of Experimental Sorption Studies of CO2 land, Arne; Hiorth, Aksel. and CH4 in Shales. Journal of Natural Gas Scien- An Investigation of Polymer Mechanical Degra- ce and Engineering 2019 ;Volum 73. dation in Radial Well Geometry. Transport in UIS Porous Media 2019 ;Volum 128. NORCE UIS Lie, Knut-Andreas; Mykkeltvedt, Trine Solberg; Møyner, Olav. Opsahl, Eystein. A fully implicit WENO scheme on stratigraphic Influence of In Vitro Assay Setup on the Apparent and unstructured polyhedral grids. Computa- Cytotoxic Potency of Benzalkonium Chlorides. tional Geosciences 2019 s.1-19, doi: 10.1007/ Chemical Research in Toxicology 2019 ;Volum s10596-019-9829-x 32.(6) s.1103-1114 NORCE NTNU SINTEF Ouaer, Hocine; Hosseini, Amir Hossein; Amar, Lorentzen, Rolf Johan; Bhakta, Tuhin; Grana, Menad Nait; Ben Seghier, Mohamed El Amine; Dario; Luo, Xiaodong; Valestrand, Randi; Næv- Ghriga, Mohammed Abdelfatah; dal, Geir. Nabipour, Narjes; Andersen, Pål Østebø; Mosavi, Simultaneous assimilation of production and Amir; Shamshirband, Shahaboddin. seismic data: application to the Norne field. Rigorous Connectionist Models to Predict Car- Computational Geosciences 2019 bon Dioxide Solubility in Various Ionic Liquids. NORCE Applied Sciences 2019 ;Volum 10.(1) UIS Lorentzen, Rolf Johan; Luo, Xiaodong; Bhakta, Tuhin; Valestrand, Randi. Papatzacos, Paul Georg. History Matching the Full Norne Field Model Dynamics of monolayer physisorption in homo- Using Seismic and Production Data. SPE Journal geneous mesoporous media. ACS Omega 2019 2019 s.1452-1467 UIS NORCE Piñerez Torrijos, Iván Darío. Luo, Xiaodong; Bhakta, Tuhin. Recuperación Mejorada de Petróleo en Areniscas Automatic and adaptive localization for ensem- y Carbonatos con Smart Water. Ingeciencia 2019 ble-based history matching. Journal of Petrole- ;Volum 3.(1) s.34-47 um Science and Engineering 2019 s.1-18 UIS NORCE Rasmussen, Atgeirr Flø; Sandve, Tor Harald; Minde, Mona Wetrhus; Madland, Merete Vadla; Bao, Kai; Lauser, Andreas; Hove, Joakim; Skafle- Zimmermann, Udo; Egeland, Nina; Korsnes, Rei- stad, Bård; Klöfkorn, Robert; Blatt, dar Inge; Nakamura, Eizo; Kobayashi, Markus; Rustad, Alf Birger; Sævareid, Ove; Lie, 38 Knut-Andreas; Thune, Andreas. Book The Open Porous Media Flow Reservoir Simula- tor. arXiv.org 2019 Batenburg, Diederik van; Bekri, S; Chapman, NORCE SINTEF Emma; Cubillos, Helber; Dalland, Mariann; Edelman, Inna; Fevang, Øivind; Ghahri, Pante- Ravindran Nair, Remya; Protasova, Evgenia; Bil- ha; Holtz, Mark; Leonhardt, Bernd; Morel, D; stad, Torleiv; Strand, Skule. Muggeridge, A.; Kokal, Sunil; Madland, Merete Evaluation of nanofiltration membrane process Vadla; Masserano, Franco; Rossen, William R.; for smartwater production in carbonate reser- Surguchev, L.M.; Szelenyi, Janos. voirs from deoiled produced water and seawater. IOR 2019 – 20th European Symposium on SPE Production & Operations 2019 ;Volum 34.(2) Improved Oil Recovery. European Association of s.409-420 Geoscientists and Engineers 2019 (ISBN 978-94- UIS 6282-278-8) 1220 p. UIS Ravindran Nair, Remya; Protasova, Evgenia; Strand, Skule; Bilstad, Torleiv. Skjæveland, Svein Magne; Siqveland, Ola Ketil. Effect of pH on produced water treatment using JCR-7 Monograph: North Sea Chalk. : Universi- nanofiltration membranes: artificial neural tetet i Stavanger 2019 (ISBN 978-82-7644-733- network for performance assessment and steric 0) hindrance pore model for flux variation evaluati- 457 p. on. Desalination and Water Treatment 2019 ;Vo- UIS lum 146. s.120-130 UIS Society of Petroleum Engineers, SPE. SPE Europec featured at 81st EAGE Conference Ree, Lilian Helene Strand; Opsahl, Eystein; Kel- and Exhibition. Society of Petroleum Engineers land, Malcolm Andrew. 2019 (ISBN 978-1-61399-661-4) 2000 p. N-Alkyl Methacrylamide Polymers as High Per- forming Kinetic Hydrate Inhibitors. Energy & Fu- els 2019 ;Volum 33.(5) s.4190-4201 Part of book/report UIS Andersen, Pål Østebø; Føyen, Tore Lyngås; Rognmo, Arthur Uno; Fredriksen, Sunniva; Al- Chauhan, Jaldeepsinh Samantsinh; Brattekås, corn, Zachary Paul; Sharma, Mohan; Føyen, Tore Bergit. Lyngås; Eide, Øyvind; Graue, Arne; Interpretation of Induction Time and Nonstan- Fernø, Martin. dard Spontaneous Imbibition Trends Utilizing Pore-to-core EOR upscaling for CO2-foam for In-situ Measurements – Identification of No- CCUS. SPE Journal 2019 ;Volum 24.(6) s.2793- Flow Regions and Wettability Alteration. I: IOR 2803 2019 – 20th European Symposium on Improved SINTEF UiB UIS Oil Recovery. European Association of Geosci- entists and Engineers 2019 ISBN 978-94-6282- Sachdeva, Jaspreet Singh; Muriel, Herman; Ner- 278-8. moen, Anders; Korsnes, Reidar Inge; Madland, UiB UIS Merete Vadla. Chalk Surface Area Evolution during Flow of Re- Andersen, Pål Østebø; Walrond, Kenny; Naing- active Brines: Does Oil Play a Role?. Energy & Fu- golan, Citra Kirana Lestari; Pulido, Eliana; Aska- els 2019 ;Volum 33.(6) s.4890-4908 rinezhad, Reza. NORCE UIS Simulation Interpretation of Capillary Pressure and Relative Permeability from Waterflooding Silva, Mario; Stray, Helge; Bjørnstad, Tor. Laboratory Experiments in Preferentially Oil- Stability assessment of PITT tracer candidate wet Porous Media. I: IOR 2019 – 20th European compounds – The case of pyrazines. Journal of Symposium on Improved Oil Recovery. Euro- Petroleum Science and Engineering 2019 ;Volum pean Association of Geoscientists and Engineers 182., IFE UIS 2019 ISBN 978-94-6282-278-8. NORCE UIS Åsen, Siv Marie; Stavland, Arne; Strand, Daniel; Hiorth, Aksel. Berawala, Dhruvit Satishchandra; Andersen, Pål An Experimental Investigation of Polymer Me- Østebø. chanical Degradation at the Centimeter and Me- Evaluation of Multicomponent Adsorption Kine- ter Scale. SPE Journal 2019 ;Volum 24.(4) s.1700- tics for CO2 Enhanced Gas Recovery from Tight 1713, NORCE UIS Shales. I: SPE Europec featured at 81st EAGE 39 Conference and Exhibition. Society of Petroleum Medium. I: IOR 2019 – 20th European Symposi- Engineers 2019 ISBN 978-1-61399-661-4. um on Improved Oil Recovery. European Associ- UIS ation of Geoscientists and Engineers 2019 ISBN 978-94-6282-278-8. Berawala, Dhruvit Satishchandra; Andersen, Pål NORCE Østebø. Numerical Investigation of Non-Darcy Flow Minde, Mona Wetrhus; Hiorth, Aksel. Regime Transitions in Shale Gas Production. I: Rock Fluid Interaction in Chalk at Pore-, Core- Abu Dhabi International Petroleum Exhibition & and Field-Scale - Insight From Modeling and Conference, 11-14 November, Abu Dhabi, UAE. Data. I: JCR-7 Monograph: North Sea Chalk. : Society of Petroleum Engineers 2019 ISBN 978- Universitetet i Stavanger 2019 ISBN 978-82- 1-61399-672-0, 7644-733-0. p. 279-306 UIS UIS

Boersma, Quinten; Athmer, Wiebke; Etchebes, Nygård, Jan Inge; Andersen, Pål Østebø. Marie; Haukås, Jarle; Bertotti, Giovanni. Simulation of Immiscible WAG Injection in a Natural Fracture Prediction: A Multiscale Inte- Stratified Reservoir - Characterization of WAG gration of Seismic Data, Image Logs and Nume- Performance. I: IOR 2019 – 20th European Sym- rical Forward Modelling. I: 81th EAGE Annual posium on Improved Oil Recovery. European Conference & Exhibition 2019. European Associ- Association of Geoscientists and Engineers 2019 ation of Geoscientists and Engineers 2019 ISBN ISBN 978-94-6282-278-8. 978-94-6282-289-4. UIS

Kallesten, Emanuela Iedidia; Andersen, Pål Øst- Ohm, Karen Synnøve; Weibull, Wiktor Walde- ebø; Berawala, Dhruvit Satishchandra; Korsnes, mar; Luo, Xiaodong. Reidar Inge; Madland, Merete Vadla; Omdal, Uncertainty quantification in non-linear seismic Edvard; Zimmermann, Udo. inversion: A comparison of three different met- Modelling of Permeability and Strain Evolution hods. I: SEG Technical Program Expanded Ab- in Chemical Creep Compaction Experiments stracts 2019. USA: SEG 2019 ISBN 0916160009. with Fractured and Unfractured Chalk Cores p. 1675-1679 Conducted at Reservoir Conditions. I: Abu Dhabi NORCE UIS International Petroleum Exhibition & Conferen- ce, 11-14 November, Abu Dhabi, UAE. Society of Ould Metidji, Mahmoud; Silva, Mario; Krivoka- Petroleum Engineers 2019 ISBN 978-1-61399- pic, Alexander; Bjørnstad, Tor. 672-0. Synthesis and Characterization of a Reacti- UIS ve Fluorescent Tracer and its Possible Use for Reservoir Temperature’s Data Collection. I: IOR Kallesten, Emanuela Iedidia; Madland, Merete 2019 – 20th European Symposium on Improved Vadla; Korsnes, Reidar Inge; Omdal, Edvard; Oil Recovery. European Association of Geosci- Zimmermann, Udo; Andersen, Pål Østebø. entists and Engineers 2019 ISBN 978-94-6282- Permeability Evolution of Shear Failing Chalk 278-8. p. - Cores under Thermochemical Influence. I: IOR IFE UIS 2019 – 20th European Symposium on Improved Oil Recovery. European Association of Geosci- Piñerez Torrijos, Iván Darío; Sæby, Kristoffer entists and Engineers 2019 ISBN 978-94-6282- Gysland; Strand, Skule; Puntervold, Tina. 278-8. “Impact of Temperature on Wettability Alterati- UIS on by Smart Water in Chalk”. I: IOR 2019 – 20th European Symposium on Improved Oil Reco- Kvashchuk, Anna; Klöfkorn, Robert; Sandve, Tor very. European Association of Geoscientists and Harald. Engineers 2019 ISBN 978-94-6282-278-8. Comparison of Higher Order Schemes on UIS Complicated Meshes and Reservoirs. I: SPE Reservoir Simulation Conference, 10-11 April, Silva, Mario; Ould Metidji, Mahmoud; Stray, Galveston, Texas, USA. Society of Petroleum Helge; Bjørnstad, Tor. Engineers 2019 ISBN 978-1-61399-634-8. Alkylpyrazines - from the “Dinner Table” to the NORCE UIS Oilfield: A New Class of Partitioning Tracers. I: IOR 2019 – 20th European Symposium on Lohne, Arild; Stavland, Arne; Reichenbach-Klin- Improved Oil Recovery. European Association of ke, Roland. Geoscientists and Engineers 2019 ISBN 978-94- Modeling of Associative Polymer Flow in Porous 6282-278-8. p., IFE UIS 40 Taheri, Mirhossein; Bonto, María; Piñerez Tor- shale formations for enhanced gas recovery. IOR rijos, Iván Darío; Eftekhari, Ali Akbar; Puntervold, NORWAY 2019; 2019-03-19 - 2019-03-20 Tina; Strand, Skule; Nick, Hamid. UIS Analyzing the Smart Water Core-flooding Data in Carbonates by Modelling the Oil Breakthrough Berawala, Dhruvit Satishchandra; Andersen, Pål Time Using a Novel Reactive Transport Model. Østebø. I: IOR 2019 – 20th European Symposium on Core-Scale Modelling of CO2 Injection in Tight Improved Oil Recovery. European Association of Shale Formations for Enhanched Gas Recovery. Geoscientists and Engineers 2019 ISBN 978-94- IOR NORWAY 2019; 2019-03-19 - 2019-03-20 6282-278-8. UIS UIS Berawala, Dhruvit Satishchandra; Andersen, Pål Østebø. Conference contributions and Evaluation of Multicomponent Adsorption Kine- scolarly presentations tics for CO2 Enhanced Gas Recovery from Tight Shales. SPE Europec featured at 81st EAGE Annu- Ahmed, Sameer; Andersen, Pål Østebø; Standnes, al Conference; 2019-06-03 Dag Chun. UIS Dynamic interplay of viscous coupling and spontaneous imbibition during water level rise. IOR Berawala, Dhruvit Satishchandra; Andersen, Pål NORWAY 2019; 2019-03-19 - 2019-03-20 Østebø. UIS Numerical Investigation of Non-Darcy Flow Regime Transitions in Shale Gas Production. Abu Andersen, Pål Østebø. Dhabi International Petroleum Exhibition & Con- Correcting for or Measuring Capillary Pressure in ference; 2019-11-11 Core Flooding. Visit to University of Aberdeen; UIS 2019-05-01 UIS Boboye, Temidayo; Berawala, Dhruvit Satishchan- dra; Andersen, Pål Østebø. Andersen, Pål Østebø; Føyen, Tore Lyngås; Chau- Numerical modelling of non-Darcy flow in shale han, Jaldeepsinh S.; Brattekås, Bergit. gas production. IOR NORWAY 2019; 2019-03-19 Interpretation of Induction Time and Nonstan- - 2019-03-20 dard Spontaneous Imbibition Trends Utilizing UIS In-situ Measurements – Identification of No-Flow Regions and Wettability Alteration. IOR 2019 Bratvold, Reidar B. – 20th European Symposium on Improved Oil Production Forecasts – Optimistic and Overconfi- Recovery; 2019-04-08 dent, Over and Over Again. IOR NORWAY 2019; UIS UiB 2019-03-19 - 2019-03-20 NTNU UIS Andersen, Pål Østebø; Nygård, Jan Inge; Ken- gessova, Aizhan. Bredal, Tine Vigdel; Minde, Mona Wetrhus. Characterization of WAG performance in laye- Rock and the fluid: Applied sciences using a tool- red reservoirs using dimensionless numbers and box for material characterization. Besøk ISTerre machine learning. Reservoir & Production Mana- GRenoble; 2019-11-25 - 2019-11-25 gement Conference; 2019-11-12 UIS UIS Chang, Yuqing; Lorentzen, Rolf Johan; Nævdal, Andersen, Pål Østebø; Walrond, Kenny; Nainggo- Geir; Feng, Tao. lan, Citra; Pulido, Eliana; Askarinezhad, Reza. Olympus optimization under geological uncertain- Simulation Interpretation of Capillary Pressure ty. 14TH INTERNATIONAL ENKF WORKSHOP; and Relative Permeability from Waterflooding 2019-06-03 - 2019-06-05 Laboratory Experiments in Preferentially Oil-wet NORCE Porous Media. IOR2019, 20th European Sym- posium on Inproved Oil Recovery; 2019-04-08 Cherif, Yosra; Andersen, Pål Østebø; Korsnes, Rei- - 2019-04-11 dar Inge; Omdal, Edvard; Madland, Merete Vadla. NORCE UIS Brine injection at reservoir conditions: Does reservoir- and outcrop chalk show similar geome- Berawala, Dhruvit Satishchandra; Andersen, Pål chanical behavior?. IOR NORWAY 2019; 2019- Østebø. 03-19 - 2019-03-20 Core scale modelling of CO2 injection in tight UIS 41 Duran, Luis; Madland, Merete Vadla. trapping in CO2-EOR Reservoirs. Interpore 2019; CO2 Plume Migration in the Stø Formation: A 2019-05-06 - 2019-05-10 Simulation Study. IOR NORWAY 2019; 2019-03- NORCE UiB 19 - 2019-03-20 UIS Guo, Ying. IOR together. Norwep Annual Energy Conference; Fjelde, Ingebret. 2019-08-23 - 2019-08-24, NORCE UIS Cores wetting condition restoration and wettabi- Hetland, Bjarte; Shogin, Dmitry; Jettestuen, Es- lity measurements. Workshop on Wettability and pen; Aursjø, Olav; Hiorth, Aksel. Wettability Alteration in Crude Oil Reservoirs; Micro scale simulation of polymer fluids. IOR 2019-02-21 - 2019-02-22 NORWAY 2019; 2019-03-19 - 2019-03-20 NORCE UIS NORCE UIS

Fjelde, Ingebret. Huang, Xingguo; Jakobsen, Morten; Wu, Ru- Determination of Sulphur Isotopic Ratio to Identi- Shan. fy the Source for Sulphate in Reservoir Chalks and Taming the divergent terms in the scattering Formation Water. 20th European Symposium on series of Born by renormalization. SEG annual Improved Oil Recovery; 2019-04-08 - 2019-04-11 meeting 2019; 2019-09-15 - 2019-09-20 NORCE UIS UiB

Fjelde, Ingebret. Huang, Xingguo; Jakobsen, Morten; Wu, Ru- Determination of sulphur isotopic ratio to identi- Shan; Iversen, Einar. fy the source for sulphate in reservoir chalks and Modeling and inversion of seismic data by cpmbi- formation water. 19th European Symposium on ning asymptotic, renormalization and homotopy Improved Oil Recovery; 2019-04-08 - 2019-04-11 methods. Lofoten seminaret i geofysikk; 2019-08- NORCE UIS 14 - 2019-08-16 UiB Fjelde, Ingebret. Enhanced Oil Recovery. Workshop NTNU, De- Ihebuzor, Nonso; Shogin, Dmitry. partment of Physics; 2019-02-18 - 2019-02-18 The impact of brine salinity on small-oscillatory NORCE UIS shear flow material functions of EOR polymers. IOR Norway 2019; 2019-03-19 - 2019-03-20 Fjelde, Ingebret. UIS Representative conditions in lab. Workshop Core preparation; 2019-05-09 - 2019-05-09 Islam, ABM Hedayatul; Shogin, Dmitry. NORCE UIS Experimental investigation of material functions of EOR polymer solutions. IOR NORWAY 2019; Fjelde, Ingebret. 2019-03-19 - 2019-03-20 Wettability and wettability alteration principles UIS and influencing factors in porous media. Works- hop on Wettability and Wettability Alteration in Kahlbom Wathne, Agnes; Piñerez Torrijos, Iván Crude Oil Reservoirs; 2019-02-21 - 2019-02-22 Darío; Strand, Skule; Puntervold, Tina. NORCE UIS Impact of wettability on relative permeability. IOR Norway 2019; 2019-03-19 - 2019-03-20 Flage, Roger. UIS Risk analysis: Foundations and IOR applications. IOR NORWAY 2019; 2019-03-19 - 2019-03-20 Kahlbom Wathne, Agnes; Strand, Skule; Punter- UIS vold, Tina; Piñerez Torrijos, Iván Darío. Effect of Wettability on Waterflooding and Relati- Gasda, Sarah; Mykkeltvedt, Trine Solberg; Sand- ve Permeability at Slightly Water-Wet Conditions. ve, Tor Harald; Aavatsmark, Ivar. Third National Interpore Workshop on Porous Permanent carbon storage in EOR reservoirs: Media-Norwegian Chapter; 2019-10-16 - 2019-10- towards carbon-neutral hydrocarbon producti- 16 on on the NCS. IOR Norway 2019; 2019-03-19 - UIS 2019-03-20 NORCE UiB Kallesten, Emanuela Iedidia; Andersen, Pål Øst- ebø; Berawala, Dhruvit Satishchandra; Korsnes, Gasda, Sarah; Mykkeltvedt, Trine Solberg; Sand- Reidar Inge; Madland, Merete Vadla; Omdal, ve, Tor Harald; Aavatsmark, Ivar; Elenius, Maria. Edvard; Zimmermann, Udo. The role of convection for CO2 migration and Modelling of Permeability and Strain Evolution in 42 Chemical Creep Compaction Experiments with Norway One Day Seminar; 2019-05-14 Fractured and Unfractured Chalk Cores Condu- UIS cted at Reservoir Conditions. Abu Dhabi Inter- national Petroleum Exhibition & Conference; Konstantinopoulos, Miltiadis; Piñerez Torrijos, 2019-11-11 Iván Darío; Klewiah, Isaac; Strand, Skule; Pun- UIS tervold, Tina. Effect of Mineralogy on Initial Wettability and Kallesten, Emanuela Iedidia; Madland, Merete Oil Recovery from Silica-containing Chalk. 81st Vadla; Korsnes, Reidar Inge; Omdal, Edvard; EAGE Conference and Exhibition 2019; 2019-06- Zimmermann, Udo; Andersen, Pål Østebø. 03 - 2019-06-06 Permeability Evolution of Shear Failing Chalk UIS Cores under Thermochemical Influence. IOR 2019 – 20th European Symposium on Improved Kvashchuk, Anna; Klöfkorn, Robert; Sandve, Tor Oil Recovery; 2019-04-08 Harald. UIS Comparison of Higher Order Schemes on Complicated Meshes and Reservoirs. IOR NOR- Kallesten, Emanuela Iedidia; Zimmermann, Udo; WAY 2019; 2019-03-19 - 2019-03-20 Omdal, Edvard; Andersen, Pål Østebø; Korsnes, NORCE UIS Reidar Inge; Madland, Merete Vadla. Permeability evolution of shear failing chalk co- Kvashchuk, Anna; Klöfkorn, Robert; Sandve, Tor res under thermochemical influence. IOR NOR- Harald. WAY 2019; 2019-03-19 - 2019-03-20 Comparison of Higher Order Schemes on UIS Complicated Meshes and Reservoirs. IOR NOR- WAY 2019; 2019-03-19 - 2019-03-20 Kane, Birane. NORCE UIS Adaptive Higher Order Methods for the Solution of Complex Flow Problems. IOR NORWAY 2019; Lindanger, Markus; Andreassen, Erlend; Strand, 2019-03-19 - 2019-03-20 Skule; Piñerez Torrijos, Iván Darío; Puntervold, NORCE Tina. Production of Smart Water by Acid Flooding in Kjos Nesvik, Eirik; Andersen, Pål Østebø; Stand- Chalk Cores. Third National Interpore Workshop nes, Dag Chun. on Porous Media; 2019-10-16 - 2019-10-16 Analytical solutions for forced and spontaneous UIS imbibition accounting for viscous coupling. IOR NORWAY 2019; 2019-03-19 - 2019-03-20 Linev’yuk, Nataliya; Andersen, Pål Østebø. UIS Simulation study of co-current spontaneous imbibition. IOR NORWAY 2019; 2019-03-19 - Klemetsdal, Øystein; Lie, Knut-Andreas; Møyner, 2019-03-20 Olav; Mykkeltvedt, Trine Solberg. UIS Comparison of Implicit Discontinuous Galerkin and Weno Schemes on Stratigraphic and Unstru- Lohne, Arild; Stavland, Arne; Reichenbach-Klin- ctured Grids. SIAM Conference on Mathemati- ke, Roland. cal & Computational Issues in the Geosciences; Modeling of Associative Polymer Flow in Porous 2019-03-11 - 2019-03-14 Medium. IOR 2019; 2019-04-08 - 2019-04-11 NORCE NTNU SINTEF NORCE

Klewiah, Isaac; Berawala, Dhruvit Satishchandra; Lorentzen, Rolf Johan. Walker, Hans Christian Alexander; Andersen, Pål History Matching Production and 4D Seismic Østebø; Nadeau, Paul Henry; Yu, Zhixin. Data and Application to the Norne Field. IOR Opportunities for increased energy recovery and NORWAY 2019; 2019-03-19 - 2019-03-20 carbon sequestration in shales - reversing cli- NORCE mate change?. IOR NORWAY 2019; 2019-03-19 - 2019-03-20 Madland, Merete Vadla. UIS Becoming one of our new user partners? The Value of Joining The National IOR Centre of Klewiah, Isaac; Piñerez Torrijos, Iván Darío; Norway. Meeting with KUFPEC; 2019-02-21 - Strand, Skule; Puntervold, Tina; Konstantino- 2019-02-21 poulos, Miltiadis. UIS Adsorption of Crude Oil Polar Components onto Silica-Rich Chalk and its Impact on Wetting. SPE 43 Madland, Merete Vadla. 19 - 2019-03-20 Er oljeforskning bærekraftig?. Forskerforbundets UIS forskningspolitiske seminar; 2019-11-12 - 2019-11- 12 Mamonov, Aleksandr; Puntervold, Tina; Strand, UIS Skule; Piñerez Torrijos, Iván Darío. Reservoir wettability. SPE Workshop: The Jour- Madland, Merete Vadla. ney to 70% Recovery Factor - From Vision to Extended collaboration; The National IOR Centre Plan; 2019-03-19 - 2019-03-20 of Norway and NES. Møte med NES; 2019-01-10 UIS - 2019-01-10 UIS Mamonov, Aleksandr; Strand, Skule; Puntervold, Tina. Madland, Merete Vadla. Effect of Formation Water Composition on Initial IOR project ideas – possible partnership?. Mee- Wetting and Smart Water EOR Potential in Sand- ting with Pgning; 2019-02-06 - 2019-02-06 stones. IOR 2019; 2019-04-08 - 2019-04-11 UIS UIS

Madland, Merete Vadla. Minde, Mona Wetrhus. Possible collaboration?. Meeting with NOV BSc, MSc, PhD og jorda rundt på litt mer enn 80 Completion & Production Solutions, Subsea Pro- dager. Åpen dag UiS; 2019-03-05 - 2019-03-05 duction Systems, Seabox; 2019-01-11 - 2019-01-11 UIS UIS Minde, Mona Wetrhus. Madland, Merete Vadla. Is fundamental research important to EOR si- The National IOR Centre of Norway – who are we mulation and modelling?. and what do we do?. Delegation from Coventry PESS, summerschool; 2019-06-10 - 2019-06-14 University visiting UiS; 2019-03-27 - 2019-03-27 UIS UIS Minde, Mona Wetrhus. Madland, Merete Vadla. Mineralogical effects of flooding chalk with Welcome to IOR NORWAY 2019. IOR NORWAY non-equilibrium brines – alterations at pore-sca- 2019; 2019-03-19 - 2019-03-20 le and a toolbox to study them. PESS, summer- UIS school; 2019-06-10 - 2019-06-14 UIS Madland, Merete Vadla; Hiorth, Aksel. The National IOR Centre of Norway – mulig Minde, Mona Wetrhus. samarbeid?. Møte med Endur Energy Solutions; Rock and the fluid: Applied sciences using a tool- 2019-04-24 - 2019-04-24 box for material characterization Presentation NORCE UIS of UiS, THe IOR Centre and IMBM. Besøk LIST, Luxembourg; 2019-11-29 - 2019-11-29 Madland, Merete Vadla; Hiorth, Aksel; Vales- UIS trand, Randi; Viig, Sissel Opsahl. The Value of Joining The National IOR Centre Minde, Mona Wetrhus; Zimmermann, Udo; of Norway - Selected Highlights. Meeting with Madland, Merete Vadla. DNO; 2019-01-29 - 2019-01-29 A toolbox for characterization of chalk. Goldsch- IFE NORCE UIS midt 2019; 2019-08-19 - 2019-08-23 UIS Mamonov, Aleksandr; Puntervold, Tina; Strand, Skule; Piñerez Torrijos, Iván Darío. Mykkeltvedt, Trine Solberg. EOR potential by Smart Water in Sandstones. CCS: når fornybar energi ikkje er nok. Energi- SPE Workshop: The Journey to 70% Recovery omstilling NÅ!; 2019-11-21 - 2019-11-21 Factor - From Vision to Plan; 2019-03-19 - 2019- NORCE 03-20 UIS Mykkeltvedt, Trine Solberg; Gasda, Sarah; Sand- ve, Tor Harald. Mamonov, Aleksandr; Puntervold, Tina; Strand, Simulation technology for carbon negative oil Skule; Piñerez Torrijos, Iván Darío. production. Bergen CCUS Seminar 2019; 2019- Reservoir chemistry controlled by mineral in- 12-03 - 2019-12-03 teraction. SPE Workshop: The Journey to 70% NORCE Recovery Factor - From Vision to Plan; 2019-03- 44 Mykkeltvedt, Trine Solberg; Sandve, Tor Harald; Osmundsen, Petter; Hiorth, Aksel. Gasda, Sarah; Aavatsmark, Ivar. Taxation and the effect on extraction rates. Pre- Mixing of CO2 and oil in a CO2-EOR reservoir. sentasjon ved University of Aberdeen Business IOR Norway 2019; 2019-03-19 - 2019-03-20 School; 2019-09-29 NORCE UiB UIS

Nygård, Jan Inge; Andersen, Pål Østebø. Osmundsen, Petter; Hiorth, Aksel. Simulation of Immiscible WAG Injection in a Taxation and the effect on extraction rates. 16th Stratified Reservoir - Characterization of WAG IAEE European Conference; 2019-08-25 - 2019- Performance. IOR 2019 – 20th European Sym- 08-28, UIS posium on Improved Oil Recovery; 2019-04-08, Osmundsen, Petter; Hiorth, Aksel. UIS Taxation and the effect on extraction rates. Pre- sentasjon for Oljedirektoratet; 2019-10-24 Nygård, Jan Inge; Andersen, Pål Østebø. UIS Water-alternating-gas injection for IOR - Inter- plays of heterogeneity, gravity and multiphase Ould Metidji, Mahmoud; Krivokapic, Alexan- flow. IOR NORWAY 2019; 2019-03-19 - 2019-03- der; Silva, Mario; Bjørnstad, Tor; Selvam, Arun; 20 Cathles, Lawrence. UIS Contribution to the study on nanoparticles as oil-reservoir tracers. IOR NORWAY 2019; 2019- Nygård, Jan Inge; Andersen, Pål Østebø; Guo, 03-19 - 2019-03-20 Ying; Kolbotn, Lars; Lohne, Arild. UIS IFE Simulation of water management processes. IOR NORWAY 2019; 2019-03-19 - 2019-03-20 Ould Metidji, Mahmoud; Silva, Mario; Krivoka- NORCE UIS pic, Alexander; Bjørnstad, Tor. Synthesis and Characterization of a Reactive Oguntola, Micheal Babatunde. Fluorescent Tracer and its Possible Use for Re- On the Structural Viscoelasticity in Deformable servoir Temperature’s Data Collection. IOR 2019; Porous Media and Impact of IOR Models for 2019-04-08 - 2019-04-11 Decision making. IOR NORWAY 2019; 2019-03- UIS IFE 19 - 2019-03-20 UIS Panneer Selvam, Arun Kumar; Ould Metidji, Ma- hmoud; Silva, Mario; Viig, Sissel Opsahl; Mad- Ohm, Karen Synnøve. land, Merete Vadla; Bjørnstad, Tor. Full waveform inversion and uncertainty. IOR Nanoparticle tracers for petroleum reservoir stu- NORWAY 2019; 2019-03-19 - 2019-03-20 dies. IOR 2020 Conference; 2019-03-19 - 2019- UIS 03-20 IFE UIS Ohm, Karen Synnøve. Jenter og teknologi. Teknologiaften; 2019-02-07 Piñerez Torrijos, Iván Darío. - 2019-02-07 Committee member at the SPE workshop: The UIS Journey to 70% Recovery Factor – From Vision to Plan Workshop.. The Journey to 70% Recovery Ohm, Karen Synnøve; Weibull, Wiktor Walde- Factor – From Vision to Plan Workshop; 2019- mar; Luo, Xiaodong. 02-12 - 2019-02-13 Uncertainty quantification in non-linear seismic UIS inversion: A comparison of three different methods. SEG Annual Meeting 2019; 2019-09-15 - Piñerez Torrijos, Iván Darío; Aghaeifar, Zahra; 2019-09-20 Puntervold, Tina; Strand, Skule. NORCE UIS Evaluation of Seawater as Smart Water in North Sea Sandstone Reservoirs. IEA 40th EOR Te- Opsahl, Eystein. chnology Collaboration Programme; 2019-09-16 The Marine fate and effects of EOR polymers - - 2019-09-20 Summarizing 4 years of testing. IOR NORWAY; UIS 2019-03-20, UIS Piñerez Torrijos, Iván Darío; Puntervold, Tina; Osmundsen, Petter; Hiorth, Aksel. Strand, Skule. Taxation and extraction rates. Reservoir & Pro- Hybrid Smart Water EOR Effects. SPE Works- duction Management Conference; 2019-11-12 hop: The Journey to 70% Recovery Factor - From UIS Vision to Plan; 2019-02-12 - 2019-02-13, UIS 45 Piñerez Torrijos, Iván Darío; Puntervold, Tina; Puntervold, Tina; Strand, Skule; Piñerez Tor- Strand, Skule. rijos, Iván Darío. Hybrid Smart Water EOR Effects in Sandstone Ongoing research activities on Smart Water reservoirs. IOR Norway 2019; 2019-03-19 - EOR. SPE Workshop: The Journey to 70% Re- 2019-03-20 covery Factor - From Vision to Plan; 2019-03-19 UIS - 2019-03-20 UIS Piñerez Torrijos, Iván Darío; Puntervold, Tina; Strand, Skule. Puntervold, Tina; Strand, Skule; Piñerez Tor- Initial Wetting and EOR Potential for Smart Wa- rijos, Iván Darío. ter in Carbonate Reservoirs. SPE Workshop: The What is Smart Water?. SPE Workshop: The Journey to 70% Recovery Factor - From Vision Journey to 70% Recovery Factor - From Vision to Plan; 2019-03-19 - 2019-03-20 to Plan; 2019-03-19 - 2019-03-20 UIS UIS

Piñerez Torrijos, Iván Darío; Puntervold, Tina; Raaholt, Magnus; Andersen, Pål Østebø; Mad- Strand, Skule. land, Merete Vadla; Korsnes, Reidar Inge. Smart Water Seminar. Smart Water Seminar; Reactive flow simulations and compaction. IOR 2019-09-13 - 2019-09-13 NORWAY 2019; 2019-03-19 - 2019-03-20 UIS UIS

Piñerez Torrijos, Iván Darío; Puntervold, Tina; Rafique, Baber; Berawala, Dhruvit Satishchan- Strand, Skule. dra; Andersen, Pål Østebø. The Importance of Mineralogy on Initial Reser- Modelling of gas production from tight shale for- voir Wetting. Formation Evaluation and Geos- mations using data driven analytics. IOR NOR- teering Workshop 2019 by NFES and NORCE; WAY 2019; 2019-03-19 - 2019-03-20 2019-11-05 - 2019-11-06 UIS UIS Sachdeva, Jaspreet Singh; Nermoen, Anders; Piñerez Torrijos, Iván Darío; Sæby, Kristoffer G.; Korsnes, Reidar Inge; Madland, Merete Vadla. Strand, Skule; Puntervold, Tina. Impact of Initial Wettability and Injection Brine “Impact of Temperature on Wettability Alterati- Chemistry on Mechanical Behaviour of Chalk. on by Smart Water in Chalk”. IOR 2019 – 20th IOR NORWAY 2019; 2019-03-19 - 2019-03-20 European Symposium on Improved Oil Reco- NORCE UIS very; 2019-04-08 - 2019-04-11 UIS Sargado, Juan Michael; Keilegavlen, Eirik; Berre, Inga; Nordbotten, Jan Martin. Puntervold, Tina. Phase-field Modeling of Brittle Crack Propaga- EOR potential using low salinity water. NOV tion in Saturated Porous Media. IOR NORWAY Technology Days; 2019-11-19 2019; 2019-03-19 - 2019-03-20 UIS NORCE UiB

Puntervold, Tina; Mamonov, Aleksandr; Piñerez Selvam, Arun; Ould Metidji, Mahmoud; Viig, Torrijos, Iván Darío; Strand, Skule. Sissel Opsahl; Bjørnstad, Tor. Achieving representative core wettability Nanoparticle tracers for petroleum reservoir -comparing sandstone and carbonate wettabiliti- studies. IOR NORWAY 2019; 2019-03-19 - 2019- es. IEA EOR Enhanced Oil Recovery Technology 03-20 Collaboration Program; 2019-09-17 - 2019-09- IFE 20 UIS Shogin, Dmitry. The amazing non-Newtonian fluids: They adapt, Puntervold, Tina; Strand, Skule; Austad, Tor; they remember, they rule!. IER Lecture Night at Piñerez Torrijos, Iván Darío. Folken; 2019-10-09 - 2019-10-09 EOR potential of co-injection of produced water UIS for EOR in a North Sea Carbonate Reservoir. SPE Water Management Seminar; 2019-11-28 - Shogin, Dmitry. 2019-11-29 The C-FENE-P Dumbbell model: Understanding UIS polyelectrolyte rheology with kinetic theory. Interpore: Third National Workshop on Porous Media; 2019-10-16 - 2019-10-16, UIS 46 Shogin, Dmitry. Vora, Mehul Arun; Sanni, Steinar; Flage, Roger; The Charged FENE-P Dumbbell model: Under- Madland, Merete Vadla. standing rheology of salt-sensitive polymers. Environmental risk assessment of Smart Water Pizza Lunsj Seminar ved IER/IRG; 2019-02-15 - EOR.. OG 21 Conference; 2019-11-12 - 2019-11-12, 2019-02-15 UIS UIS Åsen, Siv Marie. Shogin, Dmitry. Flow behaviour and Rheological properties of The new C-FENE-P model of dilute solutions of visco-elastic and ridged (viscous) polymer soluti- salinity-sensitive polymers. IOR NORWAY 2019; ons in brines of different salinities. IOR NORWAY 2019-03-19 - 2019-03-20 2019; 2019-03-19 - 2019-03-20 UIS UIS

Silva, Mario. Media contributions Revealing the hidden: Phase partitioning tracers cam lead to pure SORcery. IOR NORWAY 2019; Hiorth, Aksel. 2019-03-19 - 2019-03-20 Smart overvåking. nrk.no [TV] 2019-09-17 UIS UIS

Silva, Mario; Ould Metidji, Mahmoud; Stray, Hel- Madland, Merete Vadla. ge; Bjørnstad, Tor. Kunsten å omstille seg. Forskerforum [Business/ Alkylpyrazines - from the “Dinner Table” to the trade/industry journal] 2019-11-08 Oilfield: A New Class of Partitioning Tracers. IOR UIS 2019; 2019-04-08 - 2019-04-11

UIS IFE Madland, Merete Vadla. Lundin deler hemmeligheter om Edvard Strand, Skule; Puntervold, Tina. Grieg-feltet. Sysla [Internet] 2019-03-24 Recent updates on Smart Water EOR in limesto- UIS ne. Offshore Technology Conference; 2019-10-29

- 2019-10-31 Madland, Merete Vadla. UIS Oljeselskap deler oljedata til forskning ved UiS.

TV Vest [TV] 2019-03-19 Strand, Skule; Puntervold, Tina; Aghaeifar, Zahra. UIS Significance of capillary forces during low-rate waterflooding. IEA EOR Enhanced Oil Recovery Ohm, Karen Synnøve; Løvås, Mari. Technology Collaboration Program; 2019-09-16 - Jenter og teknologi. NRK Rogaland P1 [Radio] 2019-09-20 2019-02-07 UIS UIS

Subedi, Ramesh; Shogin, Dmitry. Describing the impact of mechanical degradation on rheological properties of polymer solutions using the FENE-P Bead-Spring-Chain fluid model. IOR NORWAY 2019; 2019-03-19 - 2019-03- 20, UIS

Taheri, Mirhossein; Bonto, María; Piñerez Tor- rijos, Iván Darío; Eftekhari, Ali Akbar; Punter- vold, Tina; Strand, Skule; Nick, Hamid. Analyzing the Smart Water Core-flooding Data in Carbonates by Modelling the Oil Breakthrough Time Using a Novel Reactive Transport Model. IOR 2019 – 20th European Symposium on Im- proved Oil Recovery; 2019-04-08 - 2019-04-11 UIS

Valestrand, Randi. Reservoir Management Workflow. Møte med AkerBP/Odfjell Drilling/Halliburton; 2019-09-13 - 2019-09-13, NORCE 47 Centre management: From left assistant director Tina Puntervold (UiS), director of field implementation Sissel Opsahl Viig (IFE), board leader Robert Moe (ConocoPhillips), director Ying Guo (UiS/NORCE), TC leader Thierry Laupretre (Aker BP), research director Randi Valestrand (NORCE), director of academia and research Aksel Hiorth (UiS/NORCE), administrative coordinator Micol Pezzotta (UiS), dean Øystein Lund Bø (UiS), communications adviser Kjersti Riiber (UiS) and adviser Svein M. Skjæveland (UiS). Photo: Marius Vervik Centre management: From left assistant director Tina Puntervold (UiS), director of field implementation Sissel Opsahl Viig (IFE), board leader Robert Moe (ConocoPhillips), director Ying Guo (UiS/NORCE), TC leader Thierry Laupretre (Aker BP), research director Randi Valestrand (NORCE), director of academia and research Aksel Hiorth (UiS/NORCE), administrative coordinator Micol Pezzotta (UiS), dean Øystein Lund Bø (UiS), communications adviser Kjersti Riiber (UiS) and adviser Svein M. Skjæveland (UiS). Photo: Marius Vervik

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