Trierer Zeitschrift 2000
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Far from the Dragging Plough~
~FAR FROM THE DRAGGING PLOUGH~ VETERANS IN TRADE AND BUSINESS DURING THE ROMAN PRINCIPATE by Joseph Adam Hall School of Classics University of Wales, Trinity Saint David Dissertation submitted for MA degree in Ancient History and Classical Studies January 2013 Master’s Degrees by Examination and Dissertation Declaration Form. 1. This work has not previously been accepted in substance for any degree and is not being concurrently submitted in candidature for any degree. Signed……………………………………………………………………………… Date ………………………………………………………………………………... 2. This dissertation is being submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of MA Ancient History and Classical Studies Signed……………………………………………………………………………… Date..…………………………………………………………………..…………... 3. This dissertation is the result of my own independent work/investigation, except where otherwise stated. Other sources are acknowledged by footnotes giving explicit references. A bibliography is appended. Signed candidate:………………………………………………………………… Date: …………………………………………………….………………………. 4. I hereby give consent for my dissertation, if accepted, to be available for photocopying, inter- library loan, and for deposit in the University’s digital repository Signed…………………………………………………………….……………… Date………………………………………………….…………….…………….. Supervisor’s Declaration. I am satisfied that this work is the result of the student’s own efforts. Signed…………………………………………………………………………….. Date……………………………………………………………………………….. ~SUMMARY~ In the study of the Roman world, few demographics receive scanter attention from modern scholarship than those time-served veterans who eschewed an agricultural life in favour of setting up in business for themselves. This study, then, is an examination of this class of men and the evidence we have for them. Modern scholarship’s apathy in this field of study is no doubt an effect of the lack of anything more than sparse one-dimensional references to veterans in the ancient literary sources, an aspect this paper will also examine. -
Bullard Eva 2013 MA.Pdf
Marcomannia in the making. by Eva Bullard BA, University of Victoria, 2008 A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF ARTS in the Department of Greek and Roman Studies Eva Bullard 2013 University of Victoria All rights reserved. This thesis may not be reproduced in whole or in part, by photocopy or other means, without the permission of the author. ii Supervisory Committee Marcomannia in the making by Eva Bullard BA, University of Victoria, 2008 Supervisory Committee Dr. John P. Oleson, Department of Greek and Roman Studies Supervisor Dr. Gregory D. Rowe, Department of Greek and Roman Studies Departmental Member iii Abstract Supervisory Committee John P. Oleson, Department of Greek and Roman Studies Supervisor Dr. Gregory D. Rowe, Department of Greek and Roman Studies Departmental Member During the last stages of the Marcommani Wars in the late second century A.D., Roman literary sources recorded that the Roman emperor Marcus Aurelius was planning to annex the Germanic territory of the Marcomannic and Quadic tribes. This work will propose that Marcus Aurelius was going to create a province called Marcomannia. The thesis will be supported by archaeological data originating from excavations in the Roman installation at Mušov, Moravia, Czech Republic. The investigation will examine the history of the non-Roman region beyond the northern Danubian frontier, the character of Roman occupation and creation of other Roman provinces on the Danube, and consult primary sources and modern research on the topic of Roman expansion and empire building during the principate. iv Table of Contents Supervisory Committee ..................................................................................................... -
Frontiers of the Roman Empire Граници На Римската Империя
FRE_PL_booklet_final 5/25/08 9:36 AM Page 1 Frontiers of the Roman Empire Граници на Римската империя David J Breeze, Sonja Jilek and Andreas Thiel The Lower Danube Limes in Bulgaria Долнодунавския лимес в България Piotr Dyczek with the support of Culture 2000 programme of the European Union Warsaw/Варшавa – Vienna/Виена 2008 FRE_PL_booklet_final 5/25/08 9:36 AM Page 2 Front cover/Корица Altar dedicated to Asclepios by the 1st Italic legion, discovered in front of the chapel of healing gods in the valetudinarium at Novae Олтар дарен на Асклетий от I Италийски легион, открит пред cветилище (sacellum) на лекуващи богове в valetudinarium в Novae The authors/Автори Professor David Breeze was formerly Chief Inspector of Ancient Monuments in Historic Scotland prepared the nomination of the Antonine Wall as a World Heritage Site. Проф. Дейвид Брийз, изпълняващ функцията Главен Консерватор в Шотландия, е приготвил Стената на Антонинус за вписване в списъка с Паметници на световното наследство. Dr Sonja Jilek is the archaeological co-ordinator of the international "Frontiers of the Roman Empire Culture 2000 Project" Д-р Соня Илек – археолог – координатор на международния научен проект "Граници на Римската империя" – програма Culture 2000 Dr Andreas Thiel is the secretary of the German Limeskommission (2005–2008) Д-р Андреъс Тиел е секретар на Немската комисия по лимеса (2005 – 2008) Professor Piotr Dyczek (University of Warsaw) - Director of the Center for Research on the Antiquity of Southeastern Europe, Head of the Department for Material Culture in Antiquity at the Institute of Archaeology. Fieldwork supervisor in Tanais (Russia) and Serax (Turkmenistan). -
The Impact of the Roman Army (200 BC – AD 476)
Impact of Empire 6 IMEM-6-deBlois_CS2.indd i 5-4-2007 8:35:52 Impact of Empire Editorial Board of the series Impact of Empire (= Management Team of the Network Impact of Empire) Lukas de Blois, Angelos Chaniotis Ségolène Demougin, Olivier Hekster, Gerda de Kleijn Luuk de Ligt, Elio Lo Cascio, Michael Peachin John Rich, and Christian Witschel Executive Secretariat of the Series and the Network Lukas de Blois, Olivier Hekster Gerda de Kleijn and John Rich Radboud University of Nijmegen, Erasmusplein 1, P.O. Box 9103, 6500 HD Nijmegen, The Netherlands E-mail addresses: [email protected] and [email protected] Academic Board of the International Network Impact of Empire geza alföldy – stéphane benoist – anthony birley christer bruun – john drinkwater – werner eck – peter funke andrea giardina – johannes hahn – fik meijer – onno van nijf marie-thérèse raepsaet-charlier – john richardson bert van der spek – richard talbert – willem zwalve VOLUME 6 IMEM-6-deBlois_CS2.indd ii 5-4-2007 8:35:52 The Impact of the Roman Army (200 BC – AD 476) Economic, Social, Political, Religious and Cultural Aspects Proceedings of the Sixth Workshop of the International Network Impact of Empire (Roman Empire, 200 B.C. – A.D. 476) Capri, March 29 – April 2, 2005 Edited by Lukas de Blois & Elio Lo Cascio With the Aid of Olivier Hekster & Gerda de Kleijn LEIDEN • BOSTON 2007 This is an open access title distributed under the terms of the CC-BY-NC 4.0 License, which permits any non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. -
Representations of Veterans in the Imperial Cult in Gallia Narbonensis, 46 BC-79 AD
Representations of veterans in the imperial cult in Gallia Narbonensis, 46 BC-79 AD Dennis Hermans s4165527 15-08-2017 Master thesis Eternal Rome Index Introduction p. 2 Chapter 1 – Creating a corpus regarding veterans and the imperial cult p. 10 1.1 Baeterrae p. 15 1.2 Narbo Martius p. 19 1.3 Arausio p. 22 1.4 Forum Iulii p. 24 1.5 Arelate p. 26 1.6 Cularo p. 29 1.7 Geneva p. 30 1.8 Alba Helviorum p. 33 1.9 Allebaece Reiorum Apollinarum p. 34 1.10 Vienna p. 36 1.11 Nemausus p. 38 1.12 Massilia p. 43 Chapter 2 – Inscriptions and the career path for equites and nobiles p. 45 Conclusion p. 54 Bibliography p. 57 Appendix p. 63 1 Introduction1 ‘I settled colonies of soldiers in Africa, Sicily, Macedonia, both Spains, Achaea, Asia, Syria, Gallia Narbonensis, Pisidia. Moreover, Italy has twenty-eight colonies founded under my auspices which have grown to be famous and populous during my lifetime.’2 The quote above comes from the Res Gestae divi Augusti, the works or deeds of the deified Augustus, published after his death in 14 AD. Much like the rest of the Res Gestae, the quote above contains a boasting and propaganda element: Augustus has settled soldiers in colonies all over the world and they have all become great and grew very large. This gives an insight into the image that Augustus wanted to portray about his deeds and himself. Although Augustus has settled veterans in many colonies, he was definitely not the first to do so, as the process of establishing veteran colonies already started around 100 BC. -
Caesar's Legion: the Epic Saga of Julius Caesar's Elite Tenth Legion
CAESAR’S LEGION : THE EPIC SAGA OF JULIUS CAESAR’S ELITE TENTH LEGION AND THE ARMIES OF ROME STEPHEN DANDO-COLLINS John Wiley & Sons, Inc. flast.qxd 12/5/01 4:49 PM Page xiv ffirs.qxd 12/5/01 4:47 PM Page i CAESAR’S LEGION : THE EPIC SAGA OF JULIUS CAESAR’S ELITE TENTH LEGION AND THE ARMIES OF ROME STEPHEN DANDO-COLLINS John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Copyright © 2002 by Stephen Dando-Collins. All rights reserved Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning, or otherwise, except as permitted under Section 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior written permission of the Publisher, or authoriza- tion through payment of the appropriate per-copy fee to the Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, (978) 750-8400, fax (978) 750-4744. Requests to the Publisher for permission should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 605 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10158-0012, (212) 850-6011, fax (212) 850-6008, email: [email protected]. This publication is designed to provide accurate and authoritative information in regard to the subject matter covered. It is sold with the understanding that the publisher is not engaged in rendering professional services. If professional advice or other expert assistance is required, the services of a competent professional person should be sought. This title is also available in print as ISBN 0-471-09570-2. -
A COMPANION to the ROMAN ARMY Edited By
ACTA01 8/12/06 11:10 AM Page iii A COMPANION TO THE ROMAN ARMY Edited by Paul Erdkamp ACTA01 8/12/06 11:10 AM Page i A COMPANION TO THE ROMAN ARMY ACTA01 8/12/06 11:10 AM Page ii BLACKWELL COMPANIONS TO THE ANCIENT WORLD This series provides sophisticated and authoritative overviews of periods of ancient history, genres of classical lit- erature, and the most important themes in ancient culture. Each volume comprises between twenty-five and forty concise essays written by individual scholars within their area of specialization. The essays are written in a clear, provocative, and lively manner, designed for an international audience of scholars, students, and general readers. Ancient History Published A Companion to the Roman Army A Companion to the Classical Greek World Edited by Paul Erdkamp Edited by Konrad H. Kinzl A Companion to the Roman Republic A Companion to the Ancient Near East Edited by Nathan Rosenstein and Edited by Daniel C. Snell Robert Morstein-Marx A Companion to the Hellenistic World A Companion to the Roman Empire Edited by Andrew Erskine Edited by David S. Potter In preparation A Companion to Ancient History A Companion to Late Antiquity Edited by Andrew Erskine Edited by Philip Rousseau A Companion to Archaic Greece A Companion to Byzantium Edited by Kurt A. Raaflaub and Hans van Wees Edited by Elizabeth James A Companion to Julius Caesar Edited by Miriam Griffin Literature and Culture Published A Companion to Catullus A Companion to Greek Rhetoric Edited by Marilyn B. Skinner Edited by Ian Worthington A Companion to Greek Religion A Companion to Ancient Epic Edited by Daniel Ogden Edited by John Miles Foley A Companion to Classical Tradition A Companion to Greek Tragedy Edited by Craig W. -
Roman Soldier Germanic Warrior Lindsay Ppowellowell
1st Century AD Roman Soldier VERSUS Germanic Warrior Lindsay Powell © Osprey Publishing • www.ospreypublishing.com 1st Century ad Roman Soldier Germanic Warrior Lindsay PowellPowell © Osprey Publishing • www.ospreypublishing.com INTRODUCTION 4 THE OPPOSING SIDES 10 Recruitment and motivation t Morale and logistics t Training, doctrine and tactics Leadership and communications t Use of allies and auxiliaries TEUTOBURG PASS 28 Summer AD 9 IDISTAVISO 41 Summer AD 16 THE ANGRIVARIAN WALL 57 Summer AD 16 ANALYSIS 71 Leadership t Mission objectives and strategies t Planning and preparation Tactics, combat doctrine and weapons AFTERMATH 76 BIBLIOGRAPHY 78 INDEX 80 © Osprey Publishing • www.ospreypublishing.com Introduction ‘Who would leave Asia, or Africa, or Italia for Germania, with its wild country, its inclement skies, its sullen manners and aspect, unless indeed it were his home?’ (Tacitus, Germania 2). This negative perception of Germania – the modern Netherlands and Germany – lay behind the reluctance of Rome’s great military commanders to tame its immense wilderness. Caius Iulius Caesar famously threw a wooden pontoon bridge across the River Rhine (Rhenus) in just ten days, not once but twice, in 55 and 53 bc. The next Roman general to do so was Marcus Agrippa, in 39/38 bc or 19/18 bc. However, none of these missions was for conquest, but in response to pleas for assistance from an ally of the Romans, the Germanic nation of the Ubii. It was not until the reign of Caesar Augustus that a serious attempt was made to annex the land beyond the wide river and transform it into a province fit for Romans to live in. -
Cover Page.Ai
CULTURAL CONSTRUCTIONS: DEPICTIONS OF ARCHITECTURE IN ROMAN STATE RELIEFS Elizabeth Wolfram Thill A dissertation submitted to the faculty of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Classics. Chapel Hill 2012 Approved by: Dr. Monika Truemper Dr. Sheila Dillon Dr. Lidewijde de Jong Dr. Mary Sturgeon Dr. Richard Talbert ABSTRACT ELIZABETH WOLFRAM THILL: Cultural Constructions: Depictions of Architecture in Roman State Reliefs (Under the direction of Monika Truemper) Architectural depictions are an important window into crucial conceptual connections between architecture and culture in the Roman Empire. While previous scholarship has treated depictions of architecture as topographic markers, I argue that architectural depictions frequently served as potent cultural symbols, acting within the broader themes and ideological messages of sculptural monuments. This is true both for representations of particular historic buildings (identifiable depictions), and for the far more numerous depictions that were never meant to be identified with a specific structure (generic depictions). This latter category of depictions has been almost completely unexplored in scholarship. This dissertation seeks to fill this gap, and to situate architectural depictions within scholarship on state reliefs as a medium for political and ideological expression. I explore the ways in which architectural depictions, both identifiable and generic, were employed in state-sponsored sculptural monuments, or state reliefs, in the first and second centuries CE in and around the city of Rome. My work is innovative in combining the iconographic and iconological analysis of architectural depictions with theoretical approaches to the symbolism of built architecture, drawn from studies on acculturation (“Romanization”), colonial interactions, and imperialism. -
Of Septimius Severus from Didymoteicho (Plotinopolis)
The gold bust (imago) of Septimius Severus from Didymoteicho (Plotinopolis) Anne de Pury-Gysel The ancient city of Plotinopolis lies on Aghia Petra hill which rises gently above the plain south of Didymoteicho (Thrace), not far from the Hebros river. Little information on the city, which was renamed by Trajan, has come down to us, although it features on ancient route maps and was mentioned by Ptolemy (3.11.3) and Procopius (Aed. 4.11.19).1 Few archaeological excavations have been carried out, and of the city itself few vestiges remain (fig. 1). In 1965, while the Greek army was excavating a trench at Didymoteicho, a gold bust of an emperor wearing a cuirass came to light.2 There is no documentation on its discovery, no report on the Greek army’s intervention, nor even any information on the follow-up excavation carried out by A. Vavritsas.3 Having initially been hid- den by its discoverers, the bust narrowly escaped being melted down — the fate suffered by the majority of antiquities made of gold — for already in the days directly after the discovery one part of the edge of the cuirass was cut into pieces and sold off by the soldiers. This reckless action betrayed the bust’s discoverers and Fig, 1. Simplified contour map of Plotinopolis. 1. Approximate spot where gold bust was discovered. made it possible for the unit’s officers to 2. A set of steps from the Byzantine era. 3. Partially recover the bust. Considering its extreme excavated Roman building. 4. Roman cistern and rarity, this type of object is important, not winged building housing baths and mosaics (2nd/3rd c.). -
Mystical Rome V 2.0- July Release Morra Universal Cinematic Game System Contents Chapter Eight: Genre: Mystical Rome
Mystical Rome V 2.0- July Release Morra Universal Cinematic Game System Contents Chapter Eight: Genre: Mystical Rome ................................................................ 4 Mystical Rome Credits .................................................................................... 5 Target Audience ............................................................................................ 5 Rating and Descriptors: R ............................................................................... 5 Mystical Rome Inspiration ............................................................................... 6 Mystical Rome Budget .................................................................................... 7 Mystical Rome Archetypes ............................................................................... 7 Artisan .................................................................................................... 7 Barbarian ................................................................................................. 9 Bureaucrat ..............................................................................................10 Clergy ....................................................................................................11 Criminal ..................................................................................................12 Druid ......................................................................................................13 Gladiator .................................................................................................14 -
Standard Bearers
A UNESCO World Heritage Site Standard bearers Soldiers could hold different roles within the Roman Army. One role a soldier could have was to be a standard bearer. Being the standard-bearer of the whole cohort was a position of honour, and only the best would be picked. Standard-bearers were paid more money, but they also had other duties. For instance, they acted as bankers, looking after the savings of soldiers kept in the strong-room of the Headquarters. Standard bearers had the important role of carrying standards (spears with various symbols on them). These standards were very important to the soldiers. They weren’t just signs for the men to follow into battle or to say which cohort or century they were in, but they were sacred symbols which meant something to the soldiers. If the standard was lost in battle, the entire unit would be in disgrace and serious trouble. The unit standards were also so important that they were kept in a shrine in the most important building in the fort, the headquarters building, at the very centre of the fort. There was always a soldier on guard at the shrine. segedunumromanfort.org.uk A UNESCO World Heritage Site An auxiliary unit such as that based at Segedunum would probably have had 12 standards. The standard for the whole unit was the vexillum. This was a small square piece of cloth attached to a spear. This standard showed what cohort the soldiers belonged to. This was carried by the vexillarius. The vexillum standard was accompanied with a standard bearing a three-dimensional portrait bust of the current emperor made from beaten metal called the imago.