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Legionary Philip Matyszak
LEGIONARY PHILIP MATYSZAK LEGIONARY The Roman Soldier’s (Unofficial) Manual With 92 illustrations To John Radford, Gunther Maser and the others from 5 Group, Mrewa. Contents Philip Matyszak has a doctorate in Roman history from St John’s College, I Joining the Roman Army 6 Oxford, and is the author of Chronicle of the Roman Republic, The Enemies of Rome, The Sons of Caesar, Ancient Rome on Five Denarii a Day and Ancient Athens on Five Drachmas a Day. He teaches an e-learning course in Ancient II The Prospective Recruit’s History for the Institute of Continuing Education at Cambridge University. Good Legion Guide 16 III Alternative Military Careers 33 HALF-TITLE Legionary’s dagger and sheath. Daggers are used for repairing tent cords, sorting out boot hobnails and general legionary maintenance, and consequently see much more use than a sword. IV Legionary Kit and Equipment 52 TITLE PAGE Trajan addresses troops after battle. A Roman general tries to be near the front lines in a fight so that he can personally comment afterwards on feats of heroism (or shirking). V Training, Discipline and Ranks 78 VI People Who Will Want to Kill You 94 First published in the United Kingdom in 2009 by Thames & Hudson Ltd, 181a High Holborn, London wc1v 7qx VII Life in Camp 115 First paperback edition published in 2018 Legionary © 2009 and 2018 Thames & Hudson Ltd, London VIII On Campaign 128 All Rights Reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording IX How to Storm a City 149 or any other information storage and retrieval system, without prior permission in writing from the publisher. -
Far from the Dragging Plough~
~FAR FROM THE DRAGGING PLOUGH~ VETERANS IN TRADE AND BUSINESS DURING THE ROMAN PRINCIPATE by Joseph Adam Hall School of Classics University of Wales, Trinity Saint David Dissertation submitted for MA degree in Ancient History and Classical Studies January 2013 Master’s Degrees by Examination and Dissertation Declaration Form. 1. This work has not previously been accepted in substance for any degree and is not being concurrently submitted in candidature for any degree. Signed……………………………………………………………………………… Date ………………………………………………………………………………... 2. This dissertation is being submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of MA Ancient History and Classical Studies Signed……………………………………………………………………………… Date..…………………………………………………………………..…………... 3. This dissertation is the result of my own independent work/investigation, except where otherwise stated. Other sources are acknowledged by footnotes giving explicit references. A bibliography is appended. Signed candidate:………………………………………………………………… Date: …………………………………………………….………………………. 4. I hereby give consent for my dissertation, if accepted, to be available for photocopying, inter- library loan, and for deposit in the University’s digital repository Signed…………………………………………………………….……………… Date………………………………………………….…………….…………….. Supervisor’s Declaration. I am satisfied that this work is the result of the student’s own efforts. Signed…………………………………………………………………………….. Date……………………………………………………………………………….. ~SUMMARY~ In the study of the Roman world, few demographics receive scanter attention from modern scholarship than those time-served veterans who eschewed an agricultural life in favour of setting up in business for themselves. This study, then, is an examination of this class of men and the evidence we have for them. Modern scholarship’s apathy in this field of study is no doubt an effect of the lack of anything more than sparse one-dimensional references to veterans in the ancient literary sources, an aspect this paper will also examine. -
Meet the Dragon Was Prepared in 2015 by Kind Permission of Bill's Literary Executor, Joanneharman
Bill Griffiths 20 August 1948 – 13 September 2007 This PDFedition of Meet the Dragon was prepared in 2015 by kind permission of Bill's literary executor, JoanneHarman. Several typing mistakes and inconsistencies with punctuation in the printed edition have been amended. However the wording and pagination remains the same as the 1996 booklet. MEET THE DRAGON An introduction to Beowulf’sadversary Bill Griffiths Heart of Albion Bill Griffiths Meet the dragon: an introduction to Beowulf’sadversary © Text copyright Bill Griffiths1996 © Illustrations copyright R.N.Trubshaw1996 The moral right of the author has been asserted. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form or by any means without prior written permission from Heart of AlbionPress, except for brief passages quoted in reviews. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Also by Bill Griffithsand published by Heart of AlbionPress: User-Friendly Dictionary of Old English Heart of Albion 113 High Street, Avebury Marlborough, SN81RF web site www.hoap.co.uk Contents 1. In general 1 2. The mythicdimension 2 3. Dragon as large serpent 4 4. Eaten alive! 7 5. Dragons and treasure 9 6. Dragons and the dead 10 7. Legs 13 8. Dragon combat 15 9. The flying dragon 17 10. The fire-drake 20 11. Dragon as Satan 26 12. Anglo-Saxon dragons 27 13. The Beowulf dragon 30 14. The hoard 34 15. Conclusion 39 Sources 41 References 43 StGeorgeand the Dragon from the first edition of Spenser's The faeriequeen of 1590. -
Bullard Eva 2013 MA.Pdf
Marcomannia in the making. by Eva Bullard BA, University of Victoria, 2008 A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF ARTS in the Department of Greek and Roman Studies Eva Bullard 2013 University of Victoria All rights reserved. This thesis may not be reproduced in whole or in part, by photocopy or other means, without the permission of the author. ii Supervisory Committee Marcomannia in the making by Eva Bullard BA, University of Victoria, 2008 Supervisory Committee Dr. John P. Oleson, Department of Greek and Roman Studies Supervisor Dr. Gregory D. Rowe, Department of Greek and Roman Studies Departmental Member iii Abstract Supervisory Committee John P. Oleson, Department of Greek and Roman Studies Supervisor Dr. Gregory D. Rowe, Department of Greek and Roman Studies Departmental Member During the last stages of the Marcommani Wars in the late second century A.D., Roman literary sources recorded that the Roman emperor Marcus Aurelius was planning to annex the Germanic territory of the Marcomannic and Quadic tribes. This work will propose that Marcus Aurelius was going to create a province called Marcomannia. The thesis will be supported by archaeological data originating from excavations in the Roman installation at Mušov, Moravia, Czech Republic. The investigation will examine the history of the non-Roman region beyond the northern Danubian frontier, the character of Roman occupation and creation of other Roman provinces on the Danube, and consult primary sources and modern research on the topic of Roman expansion and empire building during the principate. iv Table of Contents Supervisory Committee ..................................................................................................... -
Frontiers of the Roman Empire Граници На Римската Империя
FRE_PL_booklet_final 5/25/08 9:36 AM Page 1 Frontiers of the Roman Empire Граници на Римската империя David J Breeze, Sonja Jilek and Andreas Thiel The Lower Danube Limes in Bulgaria Долнодунавския лимес в България Piotr Dyczek with the support of Culture 2000 programme of the European Union Warsaw/Варшавa – Vienna/Виена 2008 FRE_PL_booklet_final 5/25/08 9:36 AM Page 2 Front cover/Корица Altar dedicated to Asclepios by the 1st Italic legion, discovered in front of the chapel of healing gods in the valetudinarium at Novae Олтар дарен на Асклетий от I Италийски легион, открит пред cветилище (sacellum) на лекуващи богове в valetudinarium в Novae The authors/Автори Professor David Breeze was formerly Chief Inspector of Ancient Monuments in Historic Scotland prepared the nomination of the Antonine Wall as a World Heritage Site. Проф. Дейвид Брийз, изпълняващ функцията Главен Консерватор в Шотландия, е приготвил Стената на Антонинус за вписване в списъка с Паметници на световното наследство. Dr Sonja Jilek is the archaeological co-ordinator of the international "Frontiers of the Roman Empire Culture 2000 Project" Д-р Соня Илек – археолог – координатор на международния научен проект "Граници на Римската империя" – програма Culture 2000 Dr Andreas Thiel is the secretary of the German Limeskommission (2005–2008) Д-р Андреъс Тиел е секретар на Немската комисия по лимеса (2005 – 2008) Professor Piotr Dyczek (University of Warsaw) - Director of the Center for Research on the Antiquity of Southeastern Europe, Head of the Department for Material Culture in Antiquity at the Institute of Archaeology. Fieldwork supervisor in Tanais (Russia) and Serax (Turkmenistan). -
The Impact of the Roman Army (200 BC – AD 476)
Impact of Empire 6 IMEM-6-deBlois_CS2.indd i 5-4-2007 8:35:52 Impact of Empire Editorial Board of the series Impact of Empire (= Management Team of the Network Impact of Empire) Lukas de Blois, Angelos Chaniotis Ségolène Demougin, Olivier Hekster, Gerda de Kleijn Luuk de Ligt, Elio Lo Cascio, Michael Peachin John Rich, and Christian Witschel Executive Secretariat of the Series and the Network Lukas de Blois, Olivier Hekster Gerda de Kleijn and John Rich Radboud University of Nijmegen, Erasmusplein 1, P.O. Box 9103, 6500 HD Nijmegen, The Netherlands E-mail addresses: [email protected] and [email protected] Academic Board of the International Network Impact of Empire geza alföldy – stéphane benoist – anthony birley christer bruun – john drinkwater – werner eck – peter funke andrea giardina – johannes hahn – fik meijer – onno van nijf marie-thérèse raepsaet-charlier – john richardson bert van der spek – richard talbert – willem zwalve VOLUME 6 IMEM-6-deBlois_CS2.indd ii 5-4-2007 8:35:52 The Impact of the Roman Army (200 BC – AD 476) Economic, Social, Political, Religious and Cultural Aspects Proceedings of the Sixth Workshop of the International Network Impact of Empire (Roman Empire, 200 B.C. – A.D. 476) Capri, March 29 – April 2, 2005 Edited by Lukas de Blois & Elio Lo Cascio With the Aid of Olivier Hekster & Gerda de Kleijn LEIDEN • BOSTON 2007 This is an open access title distributed under the terms of the CC-BY-NC 4.0 License, which permits any non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. -
The Military Institutions of the Romans [ Epitoma Rei Militaris
The Military Institutions of the Romans [ Epitoma rei militaris - 390 A.D ] by Flavius Vegetius Renatus [ Translated by Lieutenant John Clarke - 1767 ] Introduction - 1940 Preface to Book I Book I : The Selection and Training of New Levies • The Roman Discipline the Cause of Their Greatness • The Selection of Recruits • The Proper Age for Recruits • Their Size • Signs of Desirable Qualities • The Trades Proper for New Levies • The Military Mark • Initial Training • To Learn to Swim • The Post Exercise • Not to Cut, But to Thrust with the Sword • The Drill Called Armatura • The Use of Missile Weapons • The Use of the Bow • The Sling • The Loaded Javelin • To be Taught to Vault • And To Carry Burdens • The Arms of the Ancients • Entrenched Camps • Evolutions • Monthly Marches • Conclusion Preface to Book II Book II : The Organization of the Legion • The Military Establishment • The Difference between the Legions and Auxiliaries • Causes of Decay of the Legion • The Organization of the Legion</li> • The Officers of the Legion • The Praefect of the Workmen • The Tribune of the Soldiers • Centuries and Ensigns of the Foot • Legionary Troops of Horse • Drawing up a Legion in Order of Battle • Names of Soldiers Inscribed on their Shields • Records and Accounts • Soldier's Deposits • Promotion in the Legion • Legionary Music • The Drilling of the Troops • Machines and Tools of the Legion Preface to Book III Book III : Dispositions for Action • The Number which Should Compose an Army • Means of Preserving it in Health • Care to Provide Forage -
Representations of Veterans in the Imperial Cult in Gallia Narbonensis, 46 BC-79 AD
Representations of veterans in the imperial cult in Gallia Narbonensis, 46 BC-79 AD Dennis Hermans s4165527 15-08-2017 Master thesis Eternal Rome Index Introduction p. 2 Chapter 1 – Creating a corpus regarding veterans and the imperial cult p. 10 1.1 Baeterrae p. 15 1.2 Narbo Martius p. 19 1.3 Arausio p. 22 1.4 Forum Iulii p. 24 1.5 Arelate p. 26 1.6 Cularo p. 29 1.7 Geneva p. 30 1.8 Alba Helviorum p. 33 1.9 Allebaece Reiorum Apollinarum p. 34 1.10 Vienna p. 36 1.11 Nemausus p. 38 1.12 Massilia p. 43 Chapter 2 – Inscriptions and the career path for equites and nobiles p. 45 Conclusion p. 54 Bibliography p. 57 Appendix p. 63 1 Introduction1 ‘I settled colonies of soldiers in Africa, Sicily, Macedonia, both Spains, Achaea, Asia, Syria, Gallia Narbonensis, Pisidia. Moreover, Italy has twenty-eight colonies founded under my auspices which have grown to be famous and populous during my lifetime.’2 The quote above comes from the Res Gestae divi Augusti, the works or deeds of the deified Augustus, published after his death in 14 AD. Much like the rest of the Res Gestae, the quote above contains a boasting and propaganda element: Augustus has settled soldiers in colonies all over the world and they have all become great and grew very large. This gives an insight into the image that Augustus wanted to portray about his deeds and himself. Although Augustus has settled veterans in many colonies, he was definitely not the first to do so, as the process of establishing veteran colonies already started around 100 BC. -
Siegfried Found: Decoding the Nibelungen Period
1 Gunnar Heinsohn (Gdańsk, February 2018) SIEGFRIED FOUND: DECODING THE NIBELUNGEN PERIOD CONTENTS I Was Emperor VICTORINUS the historical model for SIEGFRIED of the Nibelungen Saga? 2 II Siegfried the Dragon Slayer and the Dragon Legion of Victorinus 12 III Time of the Nibelungen. How many migration periods occurred in the 1st millennium? Who was Clovis, first King of France? 20 IV Results 34 V Bibliography 40 Acknowledgements 41 VICTORINUS (coin portrait) 2 I Was Emperor VICTORINUS the historical model for SIEGFRIED of the Nibelungen Saga? The mythical figure of Siegfried from Xanten (Colonia Ulpia Traiana), the greatest hero of the Germanic and Nordic sagas, is based on the real Gallic emperor Victorinus (meaning “the victorious”), whose name can be translated into Siegfried (Sigurd etc.), which means “victorious” in German and the Scandinavian languages. The reign of Victorinus is conventionally dated 269-271 AD. He is one of the leaders of the so-called Gallic Empire (Imperium Galliarum; 260-274 AD), mostly known from Historia Augusta (Thayer 2018), Epitome de Caesaribus of Aurelius Victor (Banchich 2009), and the Breviarum of Eutropius (Watson 1886). The capital city of this empire was Cologne, 80 km south of Xanten. Trier and Lyon were additional administrative centers. This sub-kingdom tried to defend the western part of the Roman Empire against invaders who were taking advantage of the so-called Crisis of the Third Century, which mysteriously lasted exactly 50 years (234 to 284 AD). Yet, the Gallic Empire also had separatist tendencies and sought to become independent from Rome. The bold claim of Victorinus = Siegfried was put forward, in 1841, by A. -
Aquila-Roman Legionary Eagle All Roman Eagles in Our Club Are My Brother’S Jordan Author’S Work
Aquila-Roman legionary eagle All Roman Eagles in our club are my brother’s Jordan author’s work. The new Aquila model with thunderbolt in his claws.Very often in archeology also are depicted Aquila model with furled wings. This Roman Legionary Standard is inspired by the artifact in Byzantium Archaeological Museum, Istanbul Turkey which depicts Roman aquilifer. Bas-relief on a funeral stele (3rd CE AD) . Aquila with it’s gathered wings are well known not only after the AD but and before this so it can be use and for I Century BC reenactment restorations also. Assembled and ready for use .The brass Aquila model weighs only 1 kilogram!I think this is a very good achievement! The wax Aquila modeling in progress. The wings are forged from sheet of brass to be reduced the metal weight. Our wax work over the new Aquila. First we have created the wax separated segments which must fit together by leading pins.This allows us to control the thickness of the wax surfaces which has to be enough thick in order successful brass casting and at the same time not too thick and very heavy. Brass parts processed and ready for assembly. All parts fit perfectly to each other during assembly. From our participation. Of course it can be fulfilled and with the head of the left such as from the model of Benevento the tower of the centurion Marcus Marcellus Pacius from Legio IIII Scythica This model of Aquila is positioned on the globe. Weight 6 kilogram. Body high 223mm. -
Caesar's Legion: the Epic Saga of Julius Caesar's Elite Tenth Legion
CAESAR’S LEGION : THE EPIC SAGA OF JULIUS CAESAR’S ELITE TENTH LEGION AND THE ARMIES OF ROME STEPHEN DANDO-COLLINS John Wiley & Sons, Inc. flast.qxd 12/5/01 4:49 PM Page xiv ffirs.qxd 12/5/01 4:47 PM Page i CAESAR’S LEGION : THE EPIC SAGA OF JULIUS CAESAR’S ELITE TENTH LEGION AND THE ARMIES OF ROME STEPHEN DANDO-COLLINS John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Copyright © 2002 by Stephen Dando-Collins. All rights reserved Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning, or otherwise, except as permitted under Section 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior written permission of the Publisher, or authoriza- tion through payment of the appropriate per-copy fee to the Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, (978) 750-8400, fax (978) 750-4744. Requests to the Publisher for permission should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 605 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10158-0012, (212) 850-6011, fax (212) 850-6008, email: [email protected]. This publication is designed to provide accurate and authoritative information in regard to the subject matter covered. It is sold with the understanding that the publisher is not engaged in rendering professional services. If professional advice or other expert assistance is required, the services of a competent professional person should be sought. This title is also available in print as ISBN 0-471-09570-2. -
Official Award Texts for the Kingdom of Ansteorra Supersedes All Previous Editions
OFFICIAL AWARDS TEXTS FOR THE KINGDOM OF ANSTEORRA This edition of official award texts for the Kingdom of Ansteorra supersedes all previous editions. Alternate texts must be approved by the Star Principal Herald on a case-by-case basis. This latest set of texts is a revision of texts issued 18 June 2018. This version was edited by Mistress Serena Lascelles, Blanc Gryffon Herald, and Countess Sara Penrose at the request of HL Alisone McCay, Star Principal Herald, and is issued under the authority of the Star Principal Herald in accordance with the relevant provisions of Article II, Section 6.B.6, of the June 2017 edition of Ansteorran Kingdom Law. Done this thirteenth day of October Anno Societatis liii being Anno Domini mmxviii. TABLE OF CONTENTS GENERAL INFORMATION AND INSTRUCTIONS ...................... 2 PRIZE SCROLLS FOR CEREMONIAL HONORS ......................... 6 NONARMIGEROUS AWARDS ........................................................18 ARMIGEROUS AWARDS .................................................................36 GRANT-LEVEL AWARDS ................................................................67 PEERAGES ..........................................................................................77 NOBILITY ............................................................................................82 INDEX ...................................................................................................87 Revised this thirteenth day of October Anno Societatis liii Page 1 being Anno Domini mmxviii OFFICIAL AWARD TEXTS