River Watershed Management Planning PRELIMINARY Report

Prepared for: Val Schaefer University of Victoria ER 390 Victoria, BC

April 30, 2011 Prepared by: Veronica Woodruff

Lillooet River Watershed Management Plan– Preliminary Report Page ii

TABLE OF CONTENTS

TABLE OF CONTENTS ...... II LIST OF FIGURES...... III LIST OF TABLES...... IV 1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...... 1 2. INTRODUCTION ...... 2

2.1. BACKGROUND ...... 2 2.2. REPORT’S OBJECTIVES ...... 2 3. METHODS...... 3

3.1. BACKGROUND, FISHERIES, WILDLIFE AND SPECIES AT RISK INFORMATION...... 3 3.2. WATERSHED MANAGEMENT PLANNING...... 3 4. RESULTS ...... 4

4.1. WATERSHED OVERVIEW...... 4 4.2. COMMUNITIES ...... 5 4.3. FISHERIES VALUES ...... 5 4.4. WILDLIFE ...... 7 4.5. SPECIES AT RISK...... 8 4.6. LAND-USE ...... 10 4.7. CONFLICTS AND ISSUES...... 12 5. DISCUSSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ...... 15

5.1. LILLOOET RIVER WATERSHED MANAGEMENT PLAN...... 15 5.2. WATERSHED MANAGEMENT PLAN INITIAL STAKEHOLDER MEETING, APRIL 21, 2011...... 16 5.3. NEXT STEPS...... 17 6. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ...... 18 7. REFERENCES ...... 19 APPENDIX A- STAKEHOLDER ATTENDEES APRIL 21...... 21 APPENDIX B- LILLOOET RIVER WATERSHED MEETING GRAPHIC RECORDING ...... 22 APPENDIX C- WATERSHED MANAGEMENT PLANNING MEETING PRESENTATION...... 23

Lillooet River Watershed Management Plan– Preliminary Report Page iii

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1- Lillooet River Watershed Overview Map...... 4 Figure 2 - Keyhole Falls ...... 6 Figure 3- Track from the Upper Lillooet River...... 7 Figure 4- Red Legged Frog tadpoles with Northwestern Garter Snake in the foreground at , Whistler...... 10 Figure 5- Ryan River Sub Basin showing clearcuts from the River into the sub-alpine...... 10 Figure 6- Looking downstream along the Lillooet River in an area known as the MacKenzie Cut, the former river channel can be seen on the right...... 12 Figure 7- Slide looking downstream from the upper Capricorn drainage into the Lillooet River Valley ...... 13 Figure 8- Environment Hydrograph from Lillooet River gauge 08MG005 from August 6, 2010...... 14 Figure 9- Steps in developing a watershed management plan (Source: USEPA, 2008)...... 15

Lillooet River Watershed Management Plan– Preliminary Report Page iv

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1- 2006 Statistics Canada Census Data for the Lillooet River Watershed...... 5 Table 2- Summary of Wildlife Habitat Areas within the Lillooet River Watershed ...... 8 Table 3- Species at Risk within the Lillooet River Watershed ...... 9 Table 4- Lillooet River Watershed Stakeholder List Summary...... 16

Page 1

1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The Lillooet River Watershed is a vast and beautiful place encompassing 602 000 hectares in south western . As the smallest sub-basin of the , with its mountainous nature and coastal weather patterns, the Lillooet-Harrison watershed contributes the second highest flows making it a critical component in the late summer health of the Fraser River System. Despite its size less, only about 14000 people consider this area home. There are considerable natural values within the watershed including incredible, genetically unique salmon species, all of the charismatic mega fauna associated with British Columbia and high recreational values. There are a number of species and ecosystems at risk within the watershed considering the overlap from the wet Coastal Western Hemlock forests, transitioning into the dry coastal interior Douglas fir forests. It includes mature and old growth forests, lakes and rivers, alpine meadows, glaciers and wetlands. With all these natural attributes there is also competition between users, residents and resource developers. Currently, there are a number of bodies governing this area including First Nation, municipal, regional, provincial and federal governments. Often planning initiatives consider political boundaries but in reality we do not reside in silo’s and downstream effects come from upstream actions. Using watershed boundaries to delineate a planning region can provide a holistic, integrated and collaborative tool for decision making. For a plan to be successful, it must be stakeholder driven, creating a platform for identifying issues and instilling a responsibility for implementing the resulting strategies. However, this kind of planning also needs the cooperation from local or regional governments to assist in the facilitation, funding and implementation of the plan. The Lillooet River Watershed would be an ideal area to undertake this process given its important geographical location and environmental attributes as well as a demonstrated interest in stakeholder cooperation, as was seen at the initial meeting to discuss this project held April 21, 2011. Over 50 participants attended from First Nations, industry, government and non- profit organizations. With stakeholder interest clearly demonstrated, the next steps include pursuing funding options, contacting local and regional government to gauge their interest in partnering and maintaining contact between stakeholders within the watershed.

Page 2

2. INTRODUCTION This report has been a partnership initiative of Stewardship Pemberton Society (SPS) and Fisheries and Oceans Canada (DFO). Stewardship Pemberton is a non-profit, non-governmental organization whose purpose is to encourage the protection, restoration and long-term sustainability of the natural environment through education, cooperation and community involvement. Fisheries and Oceans Canada has provided funding for an Education Coordinator in the region for many years. The responsibilities of the Education Coordinator include delivering the Salmonids-in-the-classroom program to schools in the region, facilitating community involvement in environmental initiatives, managing the One Mile Lake Nature Centre and assisting the Resource Restoration Branch in projects within the Lillooet River watershed. 2.1. Background Watershed management planning has been investigated in the region previously by DFO, Environment Canada and the Ministry of Environment, Lands and Parks (now called the Ministry of Natural Resource Management). In 1996, in response to an application under the Waste Management Act for a new sewage treatment facility in the , a plan was funded to indentify Urban and Environmental Planning Conflicts as part of a Lillooet River Watershed Management Plan (Tobe, 1996). This was meant to be a first step in developing a Watershed Management Plan for the Lillooet River. This area was identified as high priority based on predicted rapid land development in Whistler and Pemberton Valley. 2.2. Report’s Objectives The objective of this report is to provide an overview of the Lillooet River Watershed including a preliminary literature search, identify stakeholders within the watershed and provide a framework for developing a watershed management plan for the region. .

Page 3

3. METHODS 3.1. Background, Fisheries, Wildlife and Species at Risk Information Background information was collected through sources available on the internet from Federal and Provincial Archives, as well as resources available at the Resort Municipality of Whistler, Village of Pemberton, Pemberton Valley Dyking District and Lil’wat Nation. 3.2. Watershed Management Planning Interviews were conducted with various people that had undertaken watershed management plans in British Columbia including Chilliwack and Comox. Watershed Planning guides were utilized in developing the framework for the Lillooet River System including Fisheries and Oceans Canada Fish Sustainability Planning and US Environmental Protection Agency Guide to Watershed Planning. A meeting was held on April 21, 2011 to unite stakeholders and gauge interest in developing a Lillooet River Watershed Management Plan. A list of meeting attendees can be found in Appendix A and a graphic representation of the meeting can be found in Appendix B.

Page 4

4. RESULTS 4.1. Lillooet River Watershed Overview The Lillooet River Watershed drains a mountainous glaciated landscape to the west. The Lillooet River Watershed encompasses approximately 602,000 ha. The headwaters begin at Silt Lake on the southern edge of the Lillooet Crown Icecap. The drainage includes Alta Lake in Whistler, the Birkenhead Lake and river system, downstream though and Little Lillooet Lake where it meets the and finally the Fraser River, to the ocean (Figure 1). Figure 1- Lillooet River Watershed Overview Map.

The Lillooet-Harrison watershed is the smallest of the sub-basins of the Fraser River. The mean annual discharge is 450m3/sec, although instanteous flood flows have reached upwards of 1490m3/sec (Water Survey of Canada). With its mountainous nature and coastal weather patterns, the Lillooet-Harrison watershed contributes the second highest flows making it a critical component in the Fraser River System, especially for maintaining late summer flows and moderating temperature at this critical period of migration. The Lillooet River Watershed spans five different biogeoclimatic zones, each with numerous sub-zone variants. They include the Coastal Western Hemlock zone, Mountain Hemlock, Alpine

Page 5

Tundra, Interior Douglas Fir and Englemann Spruce-Subalpine Fir. There is a transition within the watershed from the high precipitation coastal areas to the drier interior forest, creating a range of habitats in these overlapping areas. 4.2. Communities

4.2.1. First Nations There are two First Nations represented within the Lillooet River Watershed, the Lil’wat and In- SHUCK-ch Nations. The Lil’wat Nation is part of the St’atl’imx and In’SHUCK’ch is closely related. The In’SHUCK’ch is represented by the Lower St’atl’imx Tribal Council which includes the Lower Lillooet Lake communities of (Skookumchuck), Xaxtsa (Douglas), Samahquam Ucwalmicw (Baptiste-Smith) as well as N’Quatqua which is located in D’arcy at Anderson Lake which is outside the actual watershed boundaries, although their Traditional territory includes areas within the Lillooet River watershed.

4.2.2. Municipalities There are three major community hubs in the Lillooet River Watershed; Pemberton, Mount Currie and Whistler, although only half of the Municipality of Whistler is situated in the watershed. Population data according to Statistics Canada 2006 is presented in Table 1. Table 1- 2006 Statistics Canada Census Data for the Lillooet River Watershed

4.3. Fisheries Values The Lillooet River Watershed has significant resident and anadromous fish values. Much of the system provides excellent instream, off-channel and riparian habitat. All of the main tributaries have barriers as the elevation increases and gradients increase above 20%. There are two main barriers to migration in the valley; Nairn Falls which restricts access into the Whistler/Green River Watershed and, Keyhole Falls in the Upper Lillooet River (Figure 2).

4.3.1. Resident Fish There are a number of significant species of resident salmonids in the Lillooet River Watershed. They include Dolly Varden (Salvelinus malma), Bull Trout (Salvelinus confluentus), Cutthroat Trout (Oncorhynchus clarki), Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and Mountain Whitefish (Prosopium williamsoni).

Page 6

Dolly Varden and Bull Trout are extremely difficult to distinguish, especially as juvenile fish. A number of studies have been undertaken within the watersheds that have analyzed DNA and all fish have been confirmed as Bull Trout. There is currently an in depth study being conducted by Instream Consulting on Bull Trout migration patterns in Whistler on the / Fitzsimmons Creek population. Cutthroat Trout exist throughout the watershed with a noteworthy population in the upper Lillooet River watershed near Salal Creek. This is an area upstream of Keyhole Falls (Figure 2) which was formed approximately 2300 years ago and these fish that have been isolated by glacial activity, making them a unique population within the watershed. Figure 2 - Keyhole Falls

Rainbow Trout currently exist throughout the watershed however it is uncertain that they existed prior to stocking. Extensive stocking programs have occurred in many lakes in the watershed, including most of the headwater lakes of the tributary streams such as Alta Lake, Fish Lake, Birkenhead Lake, Owl Lake and many others (Jesson, Pers. Comm., 2011). Kokanee Salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) is a land-locked Sockeye salmon and populations exist in Birkenhead, Alta and Lillooet Lake. There are also a number of freshwater species within the watershed including red-sided shiners (Richardsonius balteatus), Peamouth Chub (Mylocheilus caurinus), Longnose sucker (Catostomus

Page 7

catostomus), Prickly Sculpin (Cottus asper), Northern Pike Minnow (Ptychocheilus oregonensis), Three- spine Stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) and Lamprey (Lampetra sp). There are two non-native fish known in the watershed; Goldfish (Carassius auratus) and Brown Bullheads (Ictalurus nebulosus).

4.3.2. Anadromous Fish All five species of Pacific Salmon can be found within the watershed as well Steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch), Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) and Sockeye Salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) return every year in fluctuating numbers and there are much smaller returns of Chum Salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) and Pink Salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha). The Chinook Salmon has a unique life cycle within the Fraser River system and is considered genetically unique. This population returns earlier than any other Fraser population, migrating as adults to their spawning grounds from January to May, has considerably large body size to age ratio and has the furthest northern ocean migration pattern of other Chinook species (Shubert et al, 2007). This particular population appears to be increasing while others within the Fraser River system seem to be steady or decreasing in numbers (M. Bruce pers. comm.). 4.4. Wildlife There is abundant wildlife throughout the watershed including all the charismatic mega-fauna British Columbia is known for such as , Cougars, Black Bears and (Figure 3). In some areas such as Whistler, this has created conflicts between residents and wildlife as is seen in the challenges in managing the large Black Bear population that often interacts with residents and visitors to the area. 4.4.1.1. Figure 3- Wolf Track from the Upper Lillooet River

Page 8

These values are recognized provincially and specific Wildlife Habitat Areas have been delineated for protection and management. These WHA’s are summarized by species in Table 2. Table 2- Summary of Wildlife Habitat Areas within the Lillooet River Watershed

4.5. Species at Risk There are a number of species at Risk within the Lillooet River Watershed. Species that have been listed provincially as extirpated, endangered, or threatened (red) and species of special concern to become endangered or threatened (blue) are presented in Table 3 (Pearson and Healey, 2011).

Page 9

Table 3- Species at Risk within the Lillooet River Watershed

There have been over 14000 acres designated as Special Resource Management Zones for species such as Spotted Owl and Northern Goshawk within the Lillooet River Watershed. In addition, the Municipality of Whistler has provided local protection measures by erecting exclusion fencing to protect vulnerable red-legged frog breeding and migration routes that intersect with public beaches and trail systems (Figure 4).

Page 10

Figure 4- Red Legged Frog tadpoles with Northwestern Garter Snake in the foreground at Lost Lake, Whistler.

4.6. Land-Use

4.6.1. Forestry A large portion of the watershed has been logged due to the ease of access and the long history of logging. Mature and old growth forest stands are mostly limited to the most inaccessible reaches of the watershed with the majority of the forest ranges from pole sapling to mature forest. Each sub basin of the Lillooet River has been logged up to the sub-alpine (Figure 5). Figure 5- Ryan River Sub Basin showing clearcuts from the River into the sub-alpine.

Timber harvest rates have been steadily declining since the 1990’s and it is expected that this rate will continue on a slow declining trend.

Page 11

4.6.2. Mining There are numerous mining claims and exploration throughout the watershed however there is only one active mine near Meager Creek in the Upper Lillooet Valley which extracts pumice and aggregate.

4.6.3. Energy There are a number of existing and proposed independent power projects in the form of Run- of-the-River Hydroelectric. Plants are currently operating on Fitzsimmons Creek, Soo River, Rutherford Creek, Miller Creek and there is a cluster of five projects in the Lower Lillooet River area near the confluence with Harrison Lake. Projects are proposed on every major tributary in the watershed. One project in particular received a purchase agreement from BC Hydro. This project encompasses the Upper Lillooet River, Boulder Creek and North Creek with result in total of 113 MW.

4.6.4. Agriculture There is up to 7000 ha of fertile arable land within the Lillooet River Watershed, mainly along the main stem of the Lillooet River, upstream of Lillooet Lake through the Pemberton Valley. The main crop is seed potatoes which are shipped throughout North America. There is also some hay, alfalfa and cattle ranching and a niche market for local produce supplied to Whistler and restaurants and farmers markets throughout Southwestern BC. This area has gained popularity recently as a result of events such as Field-to-Feast and Slow Food Cycle which brought in more than 3000 tourists to the Pemberton area in 2010 (A. Helmer pers. comm.).

4.6.5. Recreation With its proximity to the , this region is very popular for recreational activities both motorized and non-motorized. Some activities include hiking, mountain biking, angling, kayaking, back country skiing, hunting, dirt biking and camping. There are also four golf courses within the watershed. Tourism is a major economic driver in the area as the popularity of Whistler has increased over the last decade, particularly with the worldwide exposure as a result of the 2010 Winter Olympic Games. Whistler receives approximately 2.14 million visitors annually (RMOW, 2011). There are three Provincial Parks within the watershed including Birkenhead Lake (9800 ha), Garibaldi (195000 ha) and the Upper Lillooet Wilderness Park (20000 ha) (Parks Canada, 2011).

Page 12

4.7. Conflicts and Issues

4.7.1. Flood Protection Pemberton is one of the largest dyke and flood protection area in British Columbia (PVDD, 2011). The Pemberton Valley Dyking District is responsible for the extensive infrastructure related to flood protection including dykes, drainage channels, pump stations, flood boxes and flood gates. Dyking and draining arable land in Pemberton began in earnest in the mid-1940’s. Large sections of the Lillooet River were straightened and dyked (Figure 6). Six large cuts were made reducing the length of the Lillooet River through the Pemberton Valley by 17 km. Many of these cuts and original dykes are constructed right along the river bank rather than setback from the river to allow for natural processes to take place. This constraint causes aggradation of the stream bed which reduces the efficiency of the dyke which can only be rectified with increasing the dyke elevation or removing gravel. Both strategies are expensive and negatively affect instream and riparian fish habitat. Flood protection is a major conflict between public safety and environmental protection. Figure 6- Looking downstream along the Lillooet River in an area known as the MacKenzie Cut, the former river channel can be seen on the right.

4.7.2. Natural Disasters Meager Creek is a small sub basin of the Lillooet River at 27, 940 ha however its volcanic nature has the potential to affect the entire watershed in a way that is different from the other sub basins. Meager Creek volcanic complex is part of the Cascade Volcanic Belt and the most unstable volcanic massif in Canada (Freile et al, 2008). It is characterized by steep, unstable, glaciated slopes dominated by poorly consolidated volcanic deposits. These characteristics, in addition to

Page 13

its location in a region of high precipitation, make this area prone to non-eruptive volcanic debris flows. On August 6, 2010 a landslide in the magnitude of 45x106 m3 blocked both the Meager and Lillooet Rivers (Figure 7) (Ellis et al, 2011). This was the second largest landslide ever recorded in Canada. Figure 7- Meager Creek Slide looking downstream from the upper Capricorn drainage into the Lillooet River Valley

The slide had devastating impacts on fish populations in the main stem Lillooet River, all the way downstream to Lillooet Lake and the impacts will continue for many years. You can see from the Environment Canada hydrograph from that day how the slide affected water levels (Figure 8). This figure shows the normal diurnal rise and fall of summer flows in a glaciated watershed. When the slide occurred it blocked both Meager and Lillooet River, creating lakes behind the dams with the impounded water. The Lillooet River breached the dam after about an hour, but the rate in which the river would have dewatered would have been detrimental to both fry and juvenile fish which often utilize margin habitat in larger systems. With the release of water from the Lillooet River, it would have carried significant sediment that would have exceeded levels considered safe for any fish species. Meager River released at 5:15am on August 7, and with it, another devastating wave of sediment but this time the increase in flows would have swept fish onto bars and into side channel habitat and left those high and dry as the water receded just as quickly.

Page 14

Figure 8- Environment Canada Hydrograph from Lillooet River gauge 08MG005 from August 6, 2010.

4.7.3. Point and Non-Point Source Pollution Point and non-point source pollution can negatively affect watershed health. Pacific Salmon in this watershed are particularly vulnerable because both coho and Chinook rear in fresh water for their first year, meaning there are salmon present at all times of the year. Point sources of pollution include spills from industry and linear developments such as highways and rail lines as well as effluent from sewage treatment in Pemberton and Mount Currie (Whistler’s sewage treatment is outside the watershed). Non-point source pollution sources include agricultural and industrial run-off.

4.7.4. Invasive Species Aquatic and terrestrial invasive species is a major issue threatening biodiversity. In addition, the agricultural nature of Pemberton makes terrestrial invaders a threat to the local economy. The Sea-to-Sky Invasive Species Council is a relatively new group formed to tackle inventory, management and education surrounding invasive species and has been focusing mainly on terrestrial plant species. There are two non-native fish present in the watershed; brown bullheads and goldfish. Both likely have a negative impact in coho rearing areas by predation and completion for resources.

4.7.5. Encroaching Development This region is expected to continue to grow in population. A new subdivision has recently been constructed between Whistler and Pemberton offering large acreages for estate homes and there

Page 15

are two other very large proposed high-density subdivisions in Pemberton. This continued growth could negatively affect the land-base and create a huge demand on local infrastructure. In addition, the continued development of industries such as energy and mining could have serious implications for the watershed health and function.

5. DISCUSSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 5.1. Lillooet River Watershed Management Plan Watershed management planning is a tool which engages stakeholders within a geographically defined area, in this case within the Lillooet River Watershed (Figure 1). The watershed approach is holistic in that it identifies all beneficial uses of a water body as well as potential threats, criteria for protection and identifies strategies for management including restoration. Planning in this way it can be a technically sound and economically efficient way of addressing issues within the watershed. It is an integrated approach operating within existing initiatives under the various levels of government which are completed or occurring simultaneously with the WMP. Integration into other planning strategies provides additional technical expertise, leveraging of resources and shares responsibilities for implementation. Stakeholders play an active role in management strategies. The process has the greatest success when stakeholders are engaged early in the process. This way they can be upfront about their concerns and likely to participate in developing management options as well as implementation strategies. Finally, as an adaptive process it allows the plan to evolve through ongoing evaluation of its implementation. Watershed boundaries encompass a large area, where there are a lot of stakeholders, potential issues and solutions. It isn’t likely that the first draft will be the last draft. Rather, through adjustments in management strategies, real progress can be documented as improvements are identified and implemented The process in developing a watershed management plan is demonstrated in Figure 9. Figure 9- Steps in developing a watershed management plan (Source: USEPA, 2008).

Page 16

5.2. Watershed Management Plan Initial Stakeholder Meeting, April 21, 2011. The process for undertaking a watershed management plan for the Lillooet River Watershed has just begun. An initial stakeholder list has been created and all those stakeholders were invited to attend an initial planning meeting on April 21, 2011. Stakeholders that were invited are outlined in Table 4. Table 4- Lillooet River Watershed Stakeholder List Summary

The list of stakeholders is likely to continue growing as people become aware that we may be moving forward in this process. The next stage may be to meet with smaller groups within the sub basins to refine the issues within their watersheds. Due to the sheer size of the area, it is likely that the Lillooet River Watershed Management Plan will likely be structured in a way that addresses groups of watersheds with similar sets of issues and address the common stressor (e.g., sediment, nutrients) across all the related watersheds. This method could be particularly useful in terms of planning and implementation efficiency and the strategic use of administrative resources. One hurdle to move forward with this process is funding. It isn’t realistic to think this process will be managed on a volunteer basis. However, the April 21st meeting is a good indicator that there is interest in pursuing this type of planning initiative and there may be potential to partner across organizations. One significant point that came out of the meeting was that the Lil’wat Nation will be moving ahead with their Phase 2 Land Use Plan which is to proceed with a Lillooet River Watershed plan, albeit that plan will address specific goals and priorities for the Nation. It may however be a great start in leveraging resources to move forward with a more collaborative plan for all stakeholders.

Page 17

5.3. Next Steps There is clearly an interest in moving forward with a watershed scale planning process. We are poised for success now that we are linked by the event of the Meager landslide, which has shown how upstream events impact downstream resources. The slide has generated interest both locally and throughout the province in the Pemberton region, making now an ideal time to pursue funding. The next steps for moving forward in developing the Lillooet River Watershed Management Plan are as follows: . Pursue potential funding sources, starting with First Nations, Local and Regional Governments. Partnerships between stakeholders such as Government, industry and non-profit strengthen funding proposals. . Continue the momentum gained from the initial contact through dialogue created through actual or virtual meeting opportunities. There was significant interest, particularly from the Lower Slt'atl'imx Tribal Council to meet again. . Celebrate the Lillooet River Watershed and promote the watershed planning idea through existing channels such as the newly developed One Mile Lake Nature Centre in Pemberton.

Page 18

6. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank Fisheries and Oceans Canada for providing funding to investigate this opportunity for the Lillooet River Watershed. Special thanks to the Pemberton Valley Dyking District and the Village of Pemberton for access to their archives. And thanks to all the people that took time to talk about our beautiful watershed and share their knowledge of the area to me.

Page 19

7. REFERENCES B.C. Ministry of Water, Land and Air Protection. 2004. Procedures for Managing Identified Wildlife – V. 2004. B.C. Ministry of Water, Land and Air Protection, Victoria, B.C. Available: http://www.env.gov.bc.ca/wld/frpa/iwms/procedures.html. Accessed March 25, 2011. British Columbia Geological Service Geoscience Map. 2007. http://webmap.em.gov.bc.ca/mapplace/minpot/bcgs.cfm Clague, J., Friele, P., Shimamaura, K., Simpson, K., and M. Stasiuk. 2006. Evidence of Catastrophic Volcanic Debris Flows in Pemberton Valley. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences. Vol. 43, Iss. 6, pg. 679-689. Ellis, E., Friele, P., Guthrie, R., Roche, A., and N. Roberts. 2011.Once more into the breach: A forensic analysis of the August 2010 landslide dam outburst flood at Meager Creek, BC. Geohazards. Environment Canada. 2011. Water Survey of Canada Lillooet River Gauge Friele, Pierre, Jakob, Matthias and Clague, John . 2008. Hazard and risk from large landslides from Mount Meager volcano, British Columbia, Canada. Georisk: Assessment and Management of Risk for Engineered Systems and Geohazards, 2:1, 48 – 64.

Freshwater Fisheries Society of British Columbia. 2005. Fish Wizard. British Columbia. http://www.fishwizard.com. Accessed March 25, 2011. George, G., Stad L., Gill, H., Roberts, J. 2005 Sustainable Resource Management Plan Biodiversity Chapter for Birkenhead Landscape Unit Johnson, R., Sutherland, D. 2004. The Upper Birkenhead River Watershed, British Columbia: A Preliminary Water Quality Assessment Ministry of the Environment. 2006. Map: Schedule A. Ungulate Winter Range. UWR Plan Number U-2-002. Ecosystems Branch, Ministry of Environment. Ministry of the Environment. 2006. Map: Schedule A. Wildlife Habitat Areas. Ecosystems Branch, Ministry of Environment. Pearson, Mike and M.C. Healey. 2011. Species at Risk and Local Government: a Primer for BC. Stewardship Centre of British Columbia, Courtenay BC. Accessed: 2011/04/20. Parks Canada. 2011. www.parkscanada.ca. Accessed March 10, 2011. Pemberton Valley Dyking District. 2011. www.pvdd.ca/dyking/. Accessed March 10, 2011. Resort Municipality of Whistler. 2011. www.whistler.ca. Accessed March 10, 2011.

Page 20

Schubert, N.D., Candy, J., Cook, R., Greenbank, J., Lofthouse, D., McNicol, R., Parken, C., Sneddon, D., Tadey, J., and K. Wilson. 2007. Status of Birkenhead River Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha). Fisheries and Oceans Canada. Canadian Science Advisory Secretariat. Research Document 2007/019. Statistics Canada. 2006. Population and dwelling counts, for census, subdivisions, urban areas and designated places, 2006 Census-100% data. Government of Canada. www12.statcan.ca/census-recensement/2006. Accessed April 10, 2011. Tobe, Edith. 1996. Lillooet River System Watershed Management Plan. Urban and Environmental Planning Conflicts. Prepared for the Ministry of Environment, Lands and Parks. Triton, 2008. Capture-Mark-Recapture Stock Assessment for Ryan River Bull Trout in support of Environmental Impact Assessment for the Ryan River Hydo Project. Fish Collection Permit SU08-48476 data summary from BC Ministry of Environment, Ecological Reports Cataolgue. United States Environmental Protection Agency. 2008. Handbook for Developing Watershed Plans to Restor and Protect Our Waters. Office of Water, Nonpoint Source Control Branch. EPA 841-B-08-002. Personal Communication Duane Jesson, BC Ministry of Natural Resource to Veronica Woodruff. Telephone call, March 11, 2011. Maxine Bruce, Fisheries Manager, Lil’wat Nation to Veronica Woodruff. Telephone call, December 3, 2010. Anna Helmer, Farmer, Helmers Organic Produce and Organizer of Pemberton Slow Food Cycle. Telephone Call March 7, 2011.

Page 21

Appendix A- Stakeholder Attendees April 21

Page 22

Appendix B- Lillooet River Watershed Meeting Graphic Recording

Page 23

Appendix C- Watershed Management Planning Meeting Presentation

Page 24 - Powerpoint file attached separately