Guide to Terrestrial Animal Locomotion by Stephen Pecylak
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Foot and Ankle Motion Analysis Using Dynamic Radiographic Imaging Benjamin Donald Mchenry Marquette University
Marquette University e-Publications@Marquette Dissertations (2009 -) Dissertations, Theses, and Professional Projects Foot and Ankle Motion Analysis Using Dynamic Radiographic Imaging Benjamin Donald McHenry Marquette University Recommended Citation McHenry, Benjamin Donald, "Foot and Ankle Motion Analysis Using Dynamic Radiographic Imaging" (2013). Dissertations (2009 -). Paper 276. http://epublications.marquette.edu/dissertations_mu/276 FOOT AND ANKLE MOTION ANALYSIS USING DYNAMIC RADIOGRAPHIC IMAGING by Benjamin D. McHenry, B.S. A Dissertation submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School, Marquette University, in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Milwaukee, Wisconsin May 2013 ABSTRACT FOOT AND ANKLE MOTION ANALYSIS USING DYNAMIC RADIOGRAPHIC IMAGING Benjamin D. McHenry, B.S. Marquette University, 2013 Lower extremity motion analysis has become a powerful tool used to assess the dynamics of both normal and pathologic gait in a variety of clinical and research settings. Early rigid representations of the foot have recently been replaced with multi-segmental models capable of estimating intra-foot motion. Current models using externally placed markers on the surface of the skin are easily implemented, but suffer from errors associated with soft tissue artifact, marker placement repeatability, and rigid segment assumptions. Models using intra-cortical bone pins circumvent these errors, but their invasive nature has limited their application to research only. Radiographic models reporting gait kinematics currently analyze progressive static foot positions and do not include dynamics. The goal of this study was to determine the feasibility of using fluoroscopy to measure in vivo intra-foot dynamics of the hindfoot during the stance phase of gait. The developed fluoroscopic system was synchronized to a standard motion analysis system which included a multi-axis force platform. -
Fish Locomotion: Recent Advances and New Directions
MA07CH22-Lauder ARI 6 November 2014 13:40 Fish Locomotion: Recent Advances and New Directions George V. Lauder Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138; email: [email protected] Annu. Rev. Mar. Sci. 2015. 7:521–45 Keywords First published online as a Review in Advance on swimming, kinematics, hydrodynamics, robotics September 19, 2014 The Annual Review of Marine Science is online at Abstract marine.annualreviews.org Access provided by Harvard University on 01/07/15. For personal use only. Research on fish locomotion has expanded greatly in recent years as new This article’s doi: approaches have been brought to bear on a classical field of study. Detailed Annu. Rev. Marine. Sci. 2015.7:521-545. Downloaded from www.annualreviews.org 10.1146/annurev-marine-010814-015614 analyses of patterns of body and fin motion and the effects of these move- Copyright c 2015 by Annual Reviews. ments on water flow patterns have helped scientists understand the causes All rights reserved and effects of hydrodynamic patterns produced by swimming fish. Recent developments include the study of the center-of-mass motion of swimming fish and the use of volumetric imaging systems that allow three-dimensional instantaneous snapshots of wake flow patterns. The large numbers of swim- ming fish in the oceans and the vorticity present in fin and body wakes sup- port the hypothesis that fish contribute significantly to the mixing of ocean waters. New developments in fish robotics have enhanced understanding of the physical principles underlying aquatic propulsion and allowed intriguing biological features, such as the structure of shark skin, to be studied in detail. -
The Local Biomechanical Analysis of Lower Limb on Counter- Movement Jump Between Barefoot and Shod People with Different Foot Morphology
38th International Society of Biomechanics in Sport Conference, Physical conference cancelled, Online Activities: July 20-24, 2020 THE LOCAL BIOMECHANICAL ANALYSIS OF LOWER LIMB ON COUNTER- MOVEMENT JUMP BETWEEN BAREFOOT AND SHOD PEOPLE WITH DIFFERENT FOOT MORPHOLOGY Zhiqiang Liang1,2 Jiabin Yu1,2 Yaodong Gu1,2 and Jianshe Li1 Research academy of grand health, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China1 Faculty of sports science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China2 The aim of this study was to explore the kinematic variations in knee and ankle joints and the ground reaction force between habitually barefoot (HBM) and shod males (HSM) during countermovement jump. Twenty-eight males (14 HBM,14 HSM) participated in this experiment. An 8-camera Vicon motion system was used to collect the kinematic data of knee and ankle joints from 3 dimensions and the force plate was used to collect the ground reaction force in take-off phase. Results in take-off phase showed that HSM produced two peak forces to take off and showed significantly greater knee ROM in sagittal plane, as well as greater ankle inversion and external rotation. In conclusion, the foot morphological differences can result in the different influence on jump performance. The relevant practioner should pay close attention to the effect of foot morphology on jump in training. KEYWORDS: foot morphology; vertical jump performance; ground reaction force; kinematics. INTRODUCTION: Habitually barefoot population (HBM) has some differences in morphology compared to habitually shod population (HSM) when running (Lieberman et al., 2010), which can lead to different performance and partly reduce sports injuries (Lieberman et al., 2010). Biomechanical studies reported that the separated large toe of HBM and the other toes of HSM had the specific prehensile function (Ashizawa et al., 1997); these characteristics lead to load and initiate larger push forces for take-off (Tam et al., 2016). -
Locomotor Training with Partial Body Weight Support in Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation: Literature Review
doi: ISSN 0103-5150 Fisioter. Mov., Curitiba, v. 26, n. 4, p.página 907-920, set./dez. 2013 Licenciado sob uma Licença Creative Commons [T] Treino locomotor com suporte parcial de peso corporal na reabilitação da lesão medular: revisão da literatura [I] Locomotor training with partial body weight support in spinal cord injury rehabilitation: literature review [A] Cristina Maria Rocha Dutra[a], Cynthia Maria Rocha Dutra[b], Auristela Duarte de Lima Moser[c], Elisangela Ferretti Manffra[c] [a] Mestranda do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Tecnologia em Saúde da Pontiícia Universidade Católica do Paraná (PUCPR), Curitiba, PR - Brasil, e-mail: [email protected] [b] Professora mestre da Universidade Tuiuti do PR - Curitiba, Paraná, Brasil, e-mail: [email protected] [c] Professoras doutoras do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Tecnologia em Saúde da Pontiícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, P - Brasil, e-mails: [email protected], [email protected] [R] Resumo Introdução: O treino locomotor com suporte de peso corporal (TLSP) é utilizado há aproximadamente 20 anos no campo da reabilitação em pacientes que sofrem de patologias neurológicas. O TLSP favorece melhoras osteomusculares, cardiovasculares e psicológicas, pois desenvolve ao máximo o potencial residual do orga- nismo, proporcionando a reintegração na convivência familiar, proissional e social. Objetivo: Identiicar as principais modalidades de TLSP e seus parâmetros de avaliação com a inalidade de contribuir com o esta- belecimento de evidências coniáveis para as práticas reabilitativas de pessoas com lesão medular. Materiais e métodos: Foram analisados artigos originais, publicados entre 2000 e 2011, que envolvessem treino de marcha após a lesão medular, com ou sem suporte parcial de peso corporal, e tecnologias na assistência do treino, como biofeedback e estimulação elétrica funcional, entre outras. -
Health, the Global Ocean and Marine Resources 1 Marine Pollution Can Poison Us
HEALTH, THE GLOBAL OCEAN AND MARINE POLICY BRIEF RESOURCES The global ocean (interconnected system of Earth’s oceanic waters) plays Key messages a central and positive role in human life, including through the climate system. Damage to the ocean is far-reaching in its effects, in terms of Taking action on one SDG productivity, species diversity and resilience. Global ocean activities are gets results in others: health putting populations at risk (1). runs through every SDG. The “health” of the global ocean is both affected by and a threat to human activities. People have lived in harmony with the ocean for generations and ENSURE HEALTHY have relied on its bounty. Fish and seafood from a healthy ocean LIVES AND PROMOTE contribute to our health. The best-documented and direct benefits WELL-BEING FOR ALL AT ALL AGES. to human health and well-being from the ocean are linked to the consumption of fish and seafood, rich in omega-3 fatty acids, and non-terrestrial animal proteins. Indirect benefits to health also CONSERVE AND SUSTAINABLY USE arise from marine-derived pharmaceuticals and vitamins. THE OCEANS, SEAS AND MARINE RESOURCES FOR SUSTAINABLE Society benefits from the seas. The coastal waters provide DEVELOPMENT. employment, commerce, cultural, social interaction and artistic activities. They offer a variety of social, economic, health, cultural and environmental benefits to human livelihoods (2). The global ocean helps people to feel good. There is increasing recognition of the value of coastal waters in promoting better mental health through decreased vulnerability to depression. Better physical and mental health is also gained through exercise, such as swimming, walking and sailing. -
Specific Skills Check List © Ruth Ring Harvie 1990 1
Specific Skills Check List © Ruth Ring Harvie 1990 1. Mounting and dismounting correctly 2. Holding reins correctly 3. Lengthening and shortening reins correctly 4. Adjusting both stirrups and girth correctly when mounted 5. Adjusting stirrups correctly at walk 6. Demonstrate correct position at walk and trot 7. Pick up and drop stirrups correctly at walk and trot. 8. Demonstrate basic balanced position used with control in arena and in the open 9. Demonstrate changes of direction at walk and trot 10. Demonstrate gradual transitions using reins, seat, legs, correctly 11. Mount and dismount from each side correctly. 12. Maintain basic balanced position at walk/trot/canter transitions in both directions 13. Demonstrate and use correct aids for canter departures both directions 14. Demonstrate correct trot/canter transitions 15. Demonstrate correct jumping position at walk/trot/canter maintaining balance and stability of gaits. 16. Demonstrate balancing and suppling exercises for rider. Demonstrate same for horse. 17. Demonstrate correct effective jumping position at walk/trot/canter on both reins using aids correctly. 18. Maintain correct and effective position (basic, balanced position for flat-work, basic, balanced position for jumping) at walk/trot/canter without stirrups. 19. Know when diagonals are correct for riding at rising trot in ALL of the above 20. Aids for canter transitions given correctly and effectively at trot/canter and walk/canter transitions 21. Demonstrate an understanding of the skill of changing leads at canter, how to change leads if horse takes the wrong lead, and how to school leads correctly 22. Know how to demonstrate jumping position and effectiveness through use of a correct base of support and necessary changes in, adjusting the knee ,ankle, hip and elbow angles for maintaining functionally correct position through grids/courses and in the open 23. -
The Evolution of Micro-Cursoriality in Mammals
© 2014. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd | The Journal of Experimental Biology (2014) 217, 1316-1325 doi:10.1242/jeb.095737 RESEARCH ARTICLE The evolution of micro-cursoriality in mammals Barry G. Lovegrove* and Metobor O. Mowoe* ABSTRACT Perissodactyla) in response to the emergence of open landscapes and In this study we report on the evolution of micro-cursoriality, a unique grasslands following the Eocene Thermal Maximum (Janis, 1993; case of cursoriality in mammals smaller than 1 kg. We obtained new Janis and Wilhelm, 1993; Yuanqing et al., 2007; Jardine et al., 2012; running speed and limb morphology data for two species of elephant- Lovegrove, 2012b; Lovegrove and Mowoe, 2013). shrews (Elephantulus spp., Macroscelidae) from Namaqualand, Loosely defined, cursorial mammals are those that run fast. South Africa, which we compared with published data for other However, more explicit definitions of cursoriality remain obscure mammals. Elephantulus maximum running speeds were higher than because locomotor performance is influenced by multiple variables, those of most mammals smaller than 1 kg. Elephantulus also including behaviour, biomechanics, physiology and morphology possess exceptionally high metatarsal:femur ratios (1.07) that are (Taylor et al., 1970; Garland, 1983a; Garland, 1983b; Garland and typically associated with fast unguligrade cursors. Cursoriality evolved Janis, 1993; Stein and Casinos, 1997; Carrano, 1999). In an in the Artiodactyla, Perissodactyla and Carnivora coincident with evaluation of these definition problems, Carrano (Carrano, 1999) global cooling and the replacement of forests with open landscapes argued that ‘…morphology should remain the fundamental basis for in the Oligocene and Miocene. The majority of mammal species, making distinctions between locomotor performance…’. -
Amphibious Fishes: Terrestrial Locomotion, Performance, Orientation, and Behaviors from an Applied Perspective by Noah R
AMPHIBIOUS FISHES: TERRESTRIAL LOCOMOTION, PERFORMANCE, ORIENTATION, AND BEHAVIORS FROM AN APPLIED PERSPECTIVE BY NOAH R. BRESSMAN A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of WAKE FOREST UNIVESITY GRADUATE SCHOOL OF ARTS AND SCIENCES in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Biology May 2020 Winston-Salem, North Carolina Approved By: Miriam A. Ashley-Ross, Ph.D., Advisor Alice C. Gibb, Ph.D., Chair T. Michael Anderson, Ph.D. Bill Conner, Ph.D. Glen Mars, Ph.D. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank my adviser Dr. Miriam Ashley-Ross for mentoring me and providing all of her support throughout my doctoral program. I would also like to thank the rest of my committee – Drs. T. Michael Anderson, Glen Marrs, Alice Gibb, and Bill Conner – for teaching me new skills and supporting me along the way. My dissertation research would not have been possible without the help of my collaborators, Drs. Jeff Hill, Joe Love, and Ben Perlman. Additionally, I am very appreciative of the many undergraduate and high school students who helped me collect and analyze data – Mark Simms, Tyler King, Caroline Horne, John Crumpler, John S. Gallen, Emily Lovern, Samir Lalani, Rob Sheppard, Cal Morrison, Imoh Udoh, Harrison McCamy, Laura Miron, and Amaya Pitts. I would like to thank my fellow graduate student labmates – Francesca Giammona, Dan O’Donnell, MC Regan, and Christine Vega – for their support and helping me flesh out ideas. I am appreciative of Dr. Ryan Earley, Dr. Bruce Turner, Allison Durland Donahou, Mary Groves, Tim Groves, Maryland Department of Natural Resources, UF Tropical Aquaculture Lab for providing fish, animal care, and lab space throughout my doctoral research. -
Compression Garments for Leg Lymphoedema
Compression garments for leg lymphoedema You have been fitted with a compression garment to help reduce the lymphoedema in your leg. Compression stockings work by limiting the amount of fluid building up in your leg. They provide firm support, enabling the muscles to pump fluid away more effectively. They provide most pressure at the foot and less at the top of the leg so fluid is pushed out of the limb where it will drain away more easily. How do I wear it? • Wear your garment every day to control the swelling in your leg. • Put your garment on as soon as possible after getting up in the morning. This is because as soon as you stand up and start to move around extra fluid goes into your leg and it begins to swell. • Take the garment off before bedtime unless otherwise instructed by your therapist. We appreciate that in hot weather garments can be uncomfortable, but unfortunately this is when it is important to wear it as the heat can increase the swelling. If you would like to leave off your garment for a special occasion please ask the clinic for advice. What should I look out for? Your garment should feel firm but not uncomfortable: • If you notice the garment is rubbing or cutting in, adjust the garment or remove it and reapply it. • If your garment feels tight during the day, try and think about what may have caused this. If you have been busy, sit down and elevate your leg and rest for at least 30 minutes. -
Rethinking the Evolution of the Human Foot: Insights from Experimental Research Nicholas B
© 2018. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd | Journal of Experimental Biology (2018) 221, jeb174425. doi:10.1242/jeb.174425 REVIEW Rethinking the evolution of the human foot: insights from experimental research Nicholas B. Holowka* and Daniel E. Lieberman* ABSTRACT presumably owing to their lack of arches and mobile midfoot joints Adaptive explanations for modern human foot anatomy have long for enhanced prehensility in arboreal locomotion (see Glossary; fascinated evolutionary biologists because of the dramatic differences Fig. 1B) (DeSilva, 2010; Elftman and Manter, 1935a). Other studies between our feet and those of our closest living relatives, the great have documented how great apes use their long toes, opposable apes. Morphological features, including hallucal opposability, toe halluces and mobile ankles for grasping arboreal supports (DeSilva, length and the longitudinal arch, have traditionally been used to 2009; Holowka et al., 2017a; Morton, 1924). These observations dichotomize human and great ape feet as being adapted for bipedal underlie what has become a consensus model of human foot walking and arboreal locomotion, respectively. However, recent evolution: that selection for bipedal walking came at the expense of biomechanical models of human foot function and experimental arboreal locomotor capabilities, resulting in a dichotomy between investigations of great ape locomotion have undermined this simple human and great ape foot anatomy and function. According to this dichotomy. Here, we review this research, focusing on the way of thinking, anatomical features of the foot characteristic of biomechanics of foot strike, push-off and elastic energy storage in great apes are assumed to represent adaptations for arboreal the foot, and show that humans and great apes share some behavior, and those unique to humans are assumed to be related underappreciated, surprising similarities in foot function, such as to bipedal walking. -
Analyzing Pterosaur Ontogeny and Sexual Dimorphism with Multivariate Allometry Erick Charles Anderson [email protected]
Marshall University Marshall Digital Scholar Theses, Dissertations and Capstones 2016 Analyzing Pterosaur Ontogeny and Sexual Dimorphism with Multivariate Allometry Erick Charles Anderson [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://mds.marshall.edu/etd Part of the Animal Sciences Commons, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Commons, and the Paleontology Commons Recommended Citation Anderson, Erick Charles, "Analyzing Pterosaur Ontogeny and Sexual Dimorphism with Multivariate Allometry" (2016). Theses, Dissertations and Capstones. 1031. http://mds.marshall.edu/etd/1031 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by Marshall Digital Scholar. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses, Dissertations and Capstones by an authorized administrator of Marshall Digital Scholar. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. ANALYZING PTEROSAUR ONTOGENY AND SEXUAL DIMORPHISM WITH MULTIVARIATE ALLOMETRY A thesis submitted to the Graduate College of Marshall University In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Biological Sciences by Erick Charles Anderson Approved by Dr. Frank R. O’Keefe, Committee Chairperson Dr. Suzanne Strait Dr. Andy Grass Marshall University May 2016 i ii ii Erick Charles Anderson ALL RIGHTS RESERVED iii Acknowledgments I would like to thank Dr. F. Robin O’Keefe for his guidance and advice during my three years at Marshall University. His past research and experience with reptile evolution made this research possible. I would also like to thank Dr. Andy Grass for his advice during the course of the research. I would like to thank my fellow graduate students Donald Morgan and Tiffany Aeling for their support, encouragement, and advice in the lab and bar during our two years working together. -
Alaska Birds & Wildlife
Alaska Birds & Wildlife Pribilof Islands - 25th to 27th May 2016 (4 days) Nome - 28th May to 2nd June 2016 (5 days) Barrow - 2nd to 4th June 2016 (3 days) Denali & Kenai Peninsula - 5th to 13th June 2016 (9 days) Scenic Alaska by Sid Padgaonkar Trip Leader(s): Forrest Rowland and Forrest Davis RBT Alaska – Trip Report 2016 2 Top Ten Birds of the Tour: 1. Smith’s Longspur 2. Spectacled Eider 3. Bluethroat 4. Gyrfalcon 5. White-tailed Ptarmigan 6. Snowy Owl 7. Ivory Gull 8. Bristle-thighed Curlew 9. Arctic Warbler 10. Red Phalarope It would be very difficult to accurately describe a tour around Alaska - without drowning the narrative in superlatives to the point of nuisance. Not only is it an inconceivably huge area to describe, but the habitats and landscapes, though far north and less biodiverse than the tropics, are completely unique from one portion of the tour to the next. Though I will do my best, I will fail to encapsulate what it’s like to, for example, watch a coastal glacier calving into the Pacific, while being observed by Harbour Seals and on-looking Murrelets. I can’t accurately describe the sense of wilderness felt looking across the vast glacial valleys and tundra mountains of Nome, with Long- tailed Jaegers hovering overhead, a Rock Ptarmigan incubating eggs near our feet, and Muskoxen staring at us strangers to these arctic expanses. Finally, there is Denali: squinting across jagged snowy ridges that tower above 10,000 feet, mere dwarfs beneath Denali standing 20,300 feet high, making everything else in view seem small, even toy-like, by comparison.