Chapter- 1 Introduction
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District Disaster Management Plan (Central) CHAPTER- 1 INTRODUCTION 1 District Disaster Management Plan (Central) CHAPTER- 1 INTRODUCTION Background Ever since the beginning of history man has struggled against the elemental forces of nature to establish his mastery over the environment. Although, science and technology has made tremendous strides in the present century, the struggle has not ceased. Many regions of the country are vulnerable to natural disasters and are becoming increasingly vulnerable. The past decade has witnessed an extraordinary increase in the number and extent of natural disasters. Is the disaster situation improving over the time and do the numbers of disasters show any declining trend over the years? The answer seems to be negative. Super cyclone hit Orissa resulting in gruesome devastation in the state killing 10,000 people, destroying 18 lakh houses to the ground, uprooting trees, twisting electric and telephone poles rendering million marooned for days, caressing off 4 lakh cattles and destroying nearly the entire agricultural crop. Gujarat had faced earthquake-measuring 6.9 on Richter scale and epicenter near Kutch district, that shook the very edifice of our system. More than 3.5 lakh houses were collapsed across the 7633 villages and a number of cities causing unprecedented damage and death and destruction it caused was never seen ever before. Similarly, Tsunami occurred on 26th December 2004, caused by an earthquake of 9.0 magnitude on Richter Scale in South Asia has resulted into massive destruction in the south India. Rapid population growth, rapid urbanization in developing cities, lack of planning enforcement, illegally coming up human settlements and constantly utilization of environmental resources etc. have inevitable resulted in certainly changed environment. Studies reveal that nature and intensity of natural disasters has changed considerably. In view of this, now substantial attention is being given to proactive strategies in disaster 1.1. Disaster Management Cycle management (Fig. 1.1) 1.2 DELHI The National Capital Territory (NCT) of Delhi occupies an area of 1483 sq. km and is lies between 28o 24’15”N to 28o 53’00” N latitudes and 76o 50’ 24” to 77o has 20’ 30” longitudes . It has been divided into elevan Revenue Districts. Physiographically, Delhi is situated in Indo-Gangatic Plains, south of Himalayas. Map 1.1: Administrative Map of Delhi Now, NCT of Delhi, a Metropolis with over sixteen million of population is extremely vulnerable to multiple disasters. The entire region of Delhi is in Seismic Zone IV, at high risk to 2 District Disaster Management Plan (Central) earthquakes. It is also vulnerable to the fires, building collapse, epidemics, bomb blasts, riots, cyclones and terrorism. Any disaster can cause unprecedented and colossal damage to Delhi. 1.3. Need of Planning in Central District of Delhi District Central comprises of high population and densely built-in urban environment, exposed towards natural and manmade disasters. Earthquakes, fire, terrorisms and biological wars are few areas of concern in the district as well as in the Delhi. Disasters are intimately connected to the process of development. It puts our developmental efforts at risk. Urbanization and the concentration of people in hazard prone areas with unsafe buildings and dense built-in environment, magnify impact of hazards such as earthquakes, floods and urban fire icidents. 1.4 Enactment of Disaster Management Act, 2005: There is a requirement to encourage preparedness measures and mitigation measures to reduce the impact of a disaster within community. A detailed disaster management planning containing the detail information about vulnerable areas, short term and long term measures, detailed information about the resources and preparedness and response mechanism may certainly improve the status of disaster management in the district. In order to meet the challenge posed by these various forms of disasters, the government has enacted a law (The Disaster Management Act 2005) on Disaster Management to provide for requisite institutional mechanism for drawing up and monitoring the implementation of the disaster management plan. Under this act Deputy Commissioner of the district is the chairperson of the District Disaster Management Authority. 1.5 Objectives of District Disaster Management Plan according to Act: The following are the objectives for preparation of the district level disaster management plans: • To identify the various hazards and hazard prone areas of the District. • The measures to be taken for prevention and mitigation of various from of disaster, by the Department of Government at district level and local authority. • The capacity building and preparedness measure required to be taken by the Departments of the Government at district level and local authorities in the district to respond to any threatening disaster situation. • Creation of the best Govt. mechanism to handle any unprecedented events • Instant response and effective decision making in disasters • Institutionalization of disaster management in district administration • Encouraging a culture of disaster preparedness in the district • Better coordination of relief and rehabilitation in the aftermath of a disaster • Better coordination of all line departments in disaster management • Encouraging and empowering the local community to own disaster management • The response plan and procedures in the event of disasters provide for- • Allocation of responsibilities to the departments of the Government at district level and local authorities in the district. • Prompt response to disaster and relief thereof. • Procurement of essential resources. • Establishment of communication link. • Dissemination of communication link. 3 District Disaster Management Plan (Central) The district plan shall be reviewed and updated annually. Disaster management plan shall be the document owned by the respective district administration as well as all stakeholders of disaster management. It is neither a confidential document nor restricted to any particular section or department in the administration. The basic underlying principle of disaster management plan is that it has to be a part of all departments and none can fold fingers against it. 1.6 Methodology of developing district disaster management plan: The district disaster management plan is a comprehensive and analytical document that involves inclusion of all multi-faced aspects of development and administration differently at various stages. For the purpose of systematic progress the following methodology is adopted: Need Disaster Managment Plan Background - GOI-UNDP, DRMP Booklets - The Components Studies - Identification of Logical units - Methods of Analyzing - Consultation meetings with bureaucrats the vulnerabilities - CBDP experiences - Structure of managment - MCD Disaster Plan - International Case Studies Critical Managment Lines Emergency Support Function (ESF) Standard Operating Procedures Incident Command System (ICS) Formulating Plan - District Profile (Introduction to the Central District) - Hazard Identification - Vulnerability Assessment and Severity Mapping - Role Matrixing and Capability Assessment - Response Plan - Pre-disaster and Post-disaster - Prevention and mitigation maesures (CBDP etc) - Preparedness Plan - Relief and Rehabilitation Plan Application - Identification of relatively more vulnerable areas with focused vulnerabilities - Immediate inaction of CBDP exercises and trainings - Distribution of IEC materials in required amount across the community - Regular updation of DDMP and continuous monitoring of changes in vulnerability matrix - Continuous trainings of DDMC members and ESF groups Periodic Meetings on Regular updation and Specific agendas monitoring 4 District Disaster Management Plan (Central) Fig 1.2. Details of Methodology 1.7 Area and Location The District Central reflects the varied characters of metropolitan. A large area is covered by Delhi University Campus with the present day youth inhabiting its environs. The flavors of the Mughal Delhi can be felt in the areas around Jama Masjid and Lal Quila (the magnificent fortress representing the glory of its rulers and time) and the old bazaars of Sadar, Ballimaran and Chandni Chowk. And the British era still stands tall in the houses of Civil Lines.The people of different communities have inhabited the district since ages. Though the communities have been living in peace but at times, external influences or conflicts have resulted in small mishaps of riots in areas like Ballimaran, Nawab road and Fatehpuri. The District Central also includes rural and urbanised villages: RURAL VILLAGE :- 1.Burari, 2. Jharoda Mazra Burari, 3. Kamal Pur Mazra Burari, 4. Salem Pur Mazra Burari, 5. Jagat Pur Ilaqa Delhi, 6. Jagatpur Ilaqa Shahdara 7. Mukand Pur, 8. Badar Pur Mazra Burari URBANISED VILLAGE: - 1. Wazirabad, 2. Sadhora Khurd, 3. Sadhora Kalan, 4. Nimri, 5. Delhi Mauja, 6. Civil Station 1.7.1 Physical features (a) Geology: Delhi consists of flat and level plains ALLUVIAL PLAIN OF interrupted by EAST CENTRAL RIDGE 28º55' CHATRAPUR cluster of sand dunes and a long 77º ALLUVIAL continuous chain of rocky ridges. The 76º55' 77º05' 77º10' 77º15' 77º20' 77º25' sand dunes are of varying dimensions 28º50' and in general trend northeast – south. Most of the geology of the State is comprises of Yamuna flood plains, 28º45' alluvial plains and quartzite ridge. The NNE-SSW TRENDING soils of the Delhi area are mostly light