DOCSLIB.ORG

The Fight Against Slavery and Racism in Ceará (1838-1884)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Fight Against Slavery and Racism in Ceará (1838-1884) THE FIGHT AGAINST SLAVERY AND RACISM IN CEARÁ (1838-1884) BY TSHOMBE L. MILES B.A. CITY COLLEGE OF NEW YORK M.A., BROWN UNIVERSITY, 2002 A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN THE DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY AT BROWN UNIVERSITY PROVIDENCE, RHODE ISLAND MAY 2008 © Copyright 2008 Tshombe Miles This dissertation by Tshombe Lee Miles is accepted in its present form by the Department of History as satisfying the dissertation requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Date____________________ _________________________ Robert Douglas Cope, Advisor Recommended to the Graduate Council Date_____________ ____________________________ Evelyn Hu-Dehart, Reader Date_____________ ____________________________ Anani Dzidzienyo, Reader Approved by the Graduate Council Date_____________ _____________________________________ Sheila Bonde, Dean of the Graduate School iii Vita Tshombe Miles graduate work at Brown University is in the field of Latin American history and Afro-diasporic studies. He holds a second Master degree from the City College of New York, in American Studies and Latin American history. Tshombe also holds a bachelor’s degree in International Studies from the City College of New York. He has worked as an adjunct Lecturer at the City College teaching courses in World Civilization and US history. He was also a Social Studies teacher in the public school system for seven years. Tshombe has been traveling and doing research in Brazil since 1992 and has lived in Brazil since 2003. He has carried out several research projects in Ceará, Bahia, and Maranhão and has been awarded several scholarships to study in Brazil including a Winston Fellowship and two Tinker fellowships. iv Acknowledgment This project really started some fifteen years ago under the tutelage of Dr. Fernando who encouraged me to study abroad and to pursue my undergraduate thesis on a comparative study of race relations of the United States and Brazil. It was her intellectual support and her helping me obtain a Winston fellowship that started my love affair with Brazil. She deserves a special thanks and acknowledgment. Other sources of intellectual support from the City College of New York came from Gerardo Renique (my first intellectual role model), Juan Flores, David Jaffee, (two scholars who introduced me to many great writers and who are generally excited about the life of the mind), my homeboy Keith Mayes who was my comrade at City College. At Brown University I like to thank Robert Cope who is an enormous intellectual and great person. I am proud and happy to have him as an advisor and to be his student. Also I want to thank Anani Dzidzienyo for being a great teacher and reading several drafts of the dissertation and for being a wonderful mentor. A special thanks is in order to Evelyn Hu-Dehart, who went way beyond the call of duty to support and help me. She not only opened her home to me but also helped me obtain a Teaching Assistantship, which gave me the chance to work on the dissertation. She is the definition of the type of scholar/teacher and the type of support that a graduate student dreams of, many thanks. Also I want to thank Rhett Jones for introducing me to the many debates in the Black Atlantic world and for also introducing me to many important texts in the field. Thanks are in order to James Green for reading many drafts and making brutal but often-valuable criticisms, even if sometimes I disagreed. I want to thank the Kinory brothers, Ari Ariel, Tony Marin, Bongani Nglunga, the Secor family, and a special shout out of appreciation to Rubain Dorancy. I want to thank you all for being true friends. Finally I want to thank my family, my Mom and Dad who have given all their love and are responsible for anything right that I have done in my life; A special mention is in order to my brother Niger, I love you. I want to acknowledge my wife Denise Costa, my partner and love. I want to thank her family and friends for their generosity. Also a special acknowledgment is in order to my daughter Beatriz who soon will join this struggle called life. You are an inspiration. v Table of Contents List of Charts Page vii Glossary Page ix Introduction Page 1 Chapter 1 A Historical Overview of Race and Ethnicity In Ceará’s Labor Market Page 20 Chapter 2 Weapons of the Weak: How Slaves Fought For Freedom In Ceará Page 57 Chapter 3 Black Leaders and Their Concept of Freedom in Nineteenth Century Northeast Brazil Page 99 Chapter 4 Reading Race, Class, Identity, and Freedom in The Great Drought of 1877- 1879 Page 140 Chapter 5 The Meaning Of Freedom and the Fight From Above Against Slavery in Ceará Page 176 Conclusion Page 214 Bibliography Page 219 Appendix Page 228 vi List of Charts Chapter One Chart 1.1: page 30 Income from Cotton in Ceará (1803-1807) Chart 1.2: page 30 Fortaleza-Export in Kilos Chart 1.3: page 37 Population of the Captaincy of the Pernambuco and her Annexes (1763) Chart 1.4: page 38 The Population of the Captaincy of Pernambuco and her Annexes (1782) Chapter Two Chart 2.1: page 66 Letters of Freedom from Taua (30 total) Chart 2.2: page 88 Run away Slaves Apprehended in Vila Vicosa, 1817-1823 Chapter Three Chart 3.1: page 108 Slave Trade Between Maranhão and Africa Chart 3.2: page 108 Slave Trade in Major Slave Ports from 1801-1839 Chapter Four Chart 4.1: page 142 Ceará State Obituary Records (1870-1879) Chart 4.2: page 143 Major Droughts in Ceará Chart 4.3: page 144 The Population of Ceará Before the Drought Chart 4.4: page 145 Cattle Production: Before, during, and after The Great Drought, 1877-1879. Chart 4.5: page 150 Number of Slaves Exported from the Province of Ceara, 1872-1880. Chart 4.6: page 155 vii Part of the Credit Went to the Following Cities Chapter Five Chart 5.1: page 192 Program of the Libertador Chart 5.2: page 207 The Dates of Emancipation in the Cities of Ceará 1883-1884 viii Glossary Agregado-A landless squatter, sharecroppers, day laborers, living on an estate of a landowner Caboclo-An “uncultured” Sertanjero usually somehow associated with a person of indigenous ancestry Cabra-A dark skinned mulatto, the word literally meaning is goat Cearense- A native from Ceará Creole-A person born in the Americas and not in the “Old World” (Europe, Africa, or Asia); this word is often also used derisively to describe a person of African ancestry Mestiço/a-A person of mixed racial ancestry Mulatto/a-A person of mixed European and African ancestry, this term literately means mule Morador-A landless peasant who derives his living from a landowner, usually in a sharecropping arrangement Pardo/a-A person of mixed racial origin that usually includes African ancestry, it is rare to hear this word used in public though it is still used in the official census. A pardo is often referred to as Moreno/a Seca-Drought Sesmaria- A Portuguese Land Grant Sesmeiro-Holder of sesmaria Sertão-The Interior; semiarid land that is distinguished from land receiving more rainfall Sertanjero-A person who lives in the interior Vaqueiro-Cowboy ix INTRODUCTION May 13th, 1888 is one of the most significant dates in Brazilian history. It is a watershed moment in Brazil because it marks the end of legal slavery. Although this day was monumental, it was, in part, a great illusion. Racial discrimination continued, and Brazilians of Afro-descent as a group remained disproportionately in the lower classes of society.1 The tensions of slavery, racism, and the meaning of freedom in Brazil began during colonial times. If the end of slavery was not necessarily a transformative moment of freedom and equality for people of African ancestry then what was the meaning of abolition? How were slavery, racism, and freedom intertwined? 1 It is not my focus to prove Brazil is not a racial democracy; nevertheless, there are a plethora of studies in the social sciences on the subject. In the past it was argued that Brazil was a racial democracy that could serve as a model for the United States. This is not a complete bibliography, but rather some of the studies relevant to this dissertation. The two most important studies that help promote the myth of racial democracy in Brazil and also promoted the idea that slavery was more benign and humane there are Gilberto Freyre’s, The Master and the Slaves, translated by Samuel Putnam (New York: Knopf, 1946) and building on Freyre’s work, Frank Tannebaum’s, who extended this idea to all of Latin America in his Slave and Citizen: The Negro Citizen in the Americas (New York: Vintage Books, 1946). In the last thirty-five years the concept of Brazil as a racial democracy has been all but destroyed. It was first challenged by an UNESCO study carried out to understand, ironically, why Brazil was a racial democracy. Instead this study helped undermine various aspects of the racial democracy theory. One of the most strident attacks on the idea was Florestan Fernandes’ study, A Integracão do Negro na Sociedade de Classes, 2 vols. 1st ed. (1st ed., São Paulo: Dominus, 1965), also see the English translation The Negro in Brazilian Society (New York: Atheneum, 1971). This study showed that cases of racial discrimination were quite prevalent, but Fernandes tended to dismiss racial problems as more economic than racial. He argued that the former slaves were ill equipped to compete with the recent Italian immigrants because of their lower educational levels.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Celebrations
    Celebrations Alentejo Portalegre Islamic Festival “Al Mossassa” Start Date: 2021-10-01 End Date: 2021-10-03 Website: https://www.facebook.com/AlMossassaMarvao/ Contacts: Vila de Marvão, Portalegre The historic town of Marvão, in Alto Alentejo, will go back in time to evoke the time of its foundation by the warrior Ibn Maruam, in the ninth century, with an Islamic festival. Historical recreations with costumed extras, an Arab market, artisans working live, a military camp with weapons exhibition, games for children, knights in gun duels, exotic music and dance, acrobats, fire- breathers, snake charmers , bird of prey tamers and circus arts are some of the attractions. Centro de Portugal Tomar Festa dos Tabuleiros (Festival of the Trays) Date to be announced. Website: http://www.tabuleiros.org Contacts: Tomar The Festival of the Trays takes place every four years; the next one will take place in July 2023. Do not miss this unique event! The blessing of the trays, the street decorations, the quilts in the windows and the throwing of flowers over the procession of the trays carried by hundreds of young girls on their heads, is an unforgettable sight. The Procession of the Tabuleiros, heralded by pipers and fireworks, is led by the Banner of the Holy Ghost and the three Crowns of the Emperors and Kings. They are followed by the Banners and Crowns from all the parishes, and the girls carrying the trays. In the rear are the cartloads of bread, meat and wine, pulled by the symbolic sacrificial oxen, with golden horns and sashes. The girls who carry the trays have to wear long white dresses with a coloured sash across the chest.
    [Show full text]
  • Rinha Dos Mc's E As Batalhas De Mc's De Hip Hop Na
    RINHA DOS MC’S E AS BATALHAS DE MC’S DE HIP HOP NA CIDADE DE SÃO PAULO: UMA COMPREENSÃO ANTROPOLÓGICA IV SICCAL [ GT 5 – CONGRESSO DE INICIAÇÃO CIENTÍFICA ] Amanda Ferreira Gomes Fundação Escola de Sociologia e Política de São Paulo - FESPSP Amanda Ferreira Gomes Rinha dos MC’s e as Batalhas de MC’s de Hip Hop na Cidade de São Paulo: Uma compreensão Antropológica 839 [ RESUMO ABSTRACT RESUMEN ] Este artigo tem por objetivo levantar uma reflexão sobre o crescimento das Batalhas de MC’s na cidade de São Paulo, partindo da premissa de que tais eventos culturais se configuram como um fenômeno urbano recente na história do movimento Hip Hop Brasileiro, mas trazendo a discussão para o contexto da cidade. A ideia é mostrar por meio de um relato de experiência no projeto Rinha dos MC’s, como as Batalhas constituem espaços de alternativa para a politização da vida e criação de identidade, ao passo que atuam no combate ao preconceito e estigma social. Sistematizei os seguintes materiais como fonte da problematização: a facilidade de acesso pelo convívio profundo com o campo; relatos de experiências por meio dos eventos realizados; transcrição de entrevistas oriundas da websérie que realizei sobre as Batalhas de MC’s na cidade de São Paulo e debates teóricos a partir de bibliografia sobre Antropologia Urbana e estudos de Hip Hop. Palavras-chave: Hip Hop. Batalhas de MC’s. Rap. This paper aims to raise a reflection about the growth of Batalha dos MC´s in the city of Sao Paolo, starting from the premise that such cultural events are configured as a recent urban phenomenon in the history of the Brazilian Hip Hop movement, but bringing the discussion to the context of the city.
    [Show full text]
  • The Slave Population in Pernambuco, Brazil, 1560-1872: a Macrodemographic Reconstruction
    Heitor P. de Moura Filho The Slave Population in Pernambuco, Brazil, 1560-1872: A Macrodemographic Reconstruction Abstract This paper exposes a demographic model to represent the evolution of the population of African slaves brought to the province of Pernambuco, Brazil, from 1560 to 1872, including their descendants. The main conclusion at this stage of the research is the confirmation that realistic combinations of mortality and fertility parameters, in a spreadsheet-based simulation, succeed in generating populations of size and distribution by age and sex that fit with those of Brazil’s first nationwide census, in 1872. Such combinations of parameters also reinforce the thesis that the slave trade was the main motor for the growth of the slave population and its descendants in that region. Volume 2-3, No. 1 (2014-2015) | ISSN 2169-0812 (online) DOI 10.5195/jwhi.2015.8 | http://jwhi.pitt.edu The Slave Population in Pernambuco, Brazil, 1560-1872: A macrodemographic reconstruction Journal of World-Historical Information | http://jwhi.pitt.edu | DOI 10.5195/jwhi.2015.8 2 Heitor P. de Moura Filho The Slave Population in Pernambuco, Brazil, 1560-1872: A Macrodemographic Reconstruction1 This article presents a demographic model for the development of the population of African slaves brought to a province of Brazil, Pernambuco, from 1560 to 1872, including their descendants. We make use of two essential sets of historical data. The time series of African slaves disembarked in Pernambuco, researched and organized by Daniel Domingues da Silva and David Eltis (2008), constitutes the main demographic flow to influence the population of this province.
    [Show full text]
  • Petrobras Starts Binding Phase in the Sergipe-Alagoas Basin — Rio De Janeiro, August 7 , 2020 - Petróleo Brasileiro S.A
    Petrobras starts binding phase in the Sergipe-Alagoas Basin — Rio de Janeiro, August 7 , 2020 - Petróleo Brasileiro S.A. - Petrobras, following up on the press release disclosed on June 29, 2020, informs the beginning of the binding phase, referring to the sale of its entire stake in the Tartaruga field, belonging to the SES-107D concession, located in shallow waters of the Sergipe-Alagoas Basin. Potential buyers qualified for this phase will receive a process letter with detailed instructions on the divestment process, including guidelines for due diligence and the submission of binding proposals. This disclosure complies with the Petrobras' divestment guidelines and with the provisions of the special procedure for assignment of rights to exploration, development and production of oil, natural gas and other fluid hydrocarbons, provided for in Decree 9,355/2018. This transaction is in line with the portfolio optimization strategy and the improvement of the company’s capital allocation, increasingly concentrating its resources in deep and ultra-deep waters, where Petrobras has demonstrated great competitive edge over the years. About Tartaruga field Tartaruga field, belonging to the Concession SES-107D, is located on the northern coast of the state of Sergipe, in the municipality of Pirambu, in shallow waters of the Sergipe-Alagoas Basin. The field wells were drilled directly (from onshore to offshore), from the base located in the onshore portion of the ring-fence. The field´s average production from January to June 2020 was approximately 609.76 bpd of light oil (37º API). Petrobras holds a 25% stake in the field and Maha Energy Brasil Ltda is the operator, with a 75% stake.
    [Show full text]
  • Worldwide Symposium on Geographical Indications Lima, June 22-24, 2011
    Worldwide Symposium on Geographical Indications Lima, June 22-24, 2011 WIPO PUBLICATION No. 798(E) ISBN: 978-92-805-2223-5 WIPO 2012 WORLDWIDE SYMPOSIUM ON GEOGRAPHICAL INDICATIONS ORGANIZED BY THE WORLD INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY ORGANIZATION (WIPO), THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR THE DEFENSE OF COMPETITION AND THE PROTECTION OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY (INDECOPI) OF PERU AND THE MINISTRY OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS OF PERU LIMA, JUNE 22 – 24, 2011 CONTENT Dispute settlement within the Lisbon System Mihály Zoltán Ficsor_________________________________________________ 7 Geographical Indications news from Latin America Edith Flores _______________________________________________________ 21 Appellations of Origin in Peru Patricia Gamboa Vilela ______________________________________________ 31 The Economics of Protected Geographical Indications Dr. Roland Herrmann _______________________________________________ 39 A review of the socio-economic impact of geographical indications: considerations for the developing world Cerkia Bramley ____________________________________________________ 54 Socio-economic rationale underlying the development of geographical indications: Combining economic and public good dimensions to contribute to sustainable territorial development Émilie Vandecandelaere _____________________________________________ 73 “Branding Geographical Indications” Building denominations of origin that connect with consumers Luis Fernando Samper ______________________________________________ 85 Geographical Indications (GIs) and science as a tool for competitiveness:
    [Show full text]
  • West Nile Virus in the State of Ceará, Northeast Brazil
    microorganisms Article West Nile Virus in the State of Ceará, Northeast Brazil Flávia Löwen Levy Chalhoub 1, Eudson Maia de Queiroz-Júnior 2 , Bruna Holanda Duarte 3, Marcos Eielson Pinheiro de Sá 4, Pedro Cerqueira Lima 5, Ailton Carneiro de Oliveira 6, Lívia Medeiros Neves Casseb 7, Liliane Leal das Chagas 7, Hamilton Antônio de Oliveira Monteiro 7, Maycon Sebastião Alberto Santos Neves 8, Cyro Facundo Chaves 9, Paulo Jean da Silva Moura 10, Aline Machado Rapello do Nascimento 11, Rodrigo Giesbrecht Pinheiro 11, Antonio Roberio Soares Vieira 3, Francisco Bergson Pinheiro Moura 3 , Luiz Osvaldo Rodrigues da Silva 3, Kiliana Nogueira Farias da Escóssia 3, Lindenberg Caranha de Sousa 3, Izabel Leticia Cavalcante Ramalho 12, Antônio Williams Lopes da Silva 2, Leda Maria Simoes¯ Mello 12,Fábio Felix de Souza 10, Francisco das Chagas Almeida 10, Raí dos Santos Rodrigues 10, Diego do Vale Chagas 10, Anielly Ferreira-de-Brito 8, Karina Ribeiro Leite Jardim Cavalcante 13, Maria Angélica Monteiro de Mello Mares-Guia 1, Vinícius Martins Guerra Campos 1, Nieli Rodrigues da Costa Faria 1, Marcelo Adriano da Cunha e Silva Vieira 11,14 , Marcos Cesar Lima de Mendonça 1, Nayara Camila Amorim de Alvarenga Pivisan 3, Jarier de Oliveira Moreno 2, Maria Aldessandra Diniz Vieira 10, Ricristhi Gonçalves de Aguiar Gomes 3, Fernanda Montenegro de Carvalho Araújo 12, Pedro Henrique de Oliveira Passos 11, Daniel Garkauskas Ramos 11, Alessandro Pecego Martins Romano 11 , Lívia Carício Martins 7, Ricardo Lourenço-de-Oliveira 8 , Ana Maria Bispo de Filippis 1 and
    [Show full text]
  • LOCAL SPOTLIGHT Rio De Janeiro, Brazil—Measuring Biodiversity and Ecological Integrity Benefits
    LOCAL SPOTLIGHT Rio de Janeiro, Brazil—Measuring biodiversity and ecological integrity benefits Photo credit: © iStock/EduLeite South America The challenge As the most visited city in the southern hemisphere, Rio de Janeiro (Rio) is known around the world for its majestic coastline, vibrant Rio Guandu Rio Pirai culture and the exceptional biodiversity that surrounds it. Such attractions are important drivers of tourism, which can produce a wide Rio d'Ouro range of economic benefits at local, regional and national scales. However, tourism can also make an already thirsty city even thirstier. Rio Paraíba do Sul Sao Pedro Xerem/Mantiquira/ In Rio, 10 million urban residents each consume almost 300 liters of water each day—well over the national and global averages. Tingua The increasing demand for water plays an important role for an already stressed water source. About 80 percent of the water used in Rio is supplied by the Guandu River System, but more than 50 percent of this is lost to leakages and other faults in the transfer system. Represa de Ribeirão das Lajes RIO DE JANEIRO The Guandu River watershed’s importance as a water source is matched by its importance for sustaining globally significant biodiversity. Rio is surrounded by remnants of the Atlantic Forest, one of the most biologically diverse ecoregions of the world with more than 20,000 species of plants and 2,200 species of mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians and freshwater fishes (hundreds of which are endemic to the area). Forest loss threatens these species and their habitat. Centuries of agriculture, SÃO PAULO Population density cattle ranching and urban development have led to the deforestation of almost 90 percent of this ecoregion and have caused Low High intensive sedimentation of water sources.
    [Show full text]
  • Campos Dos Goytacazes
    CAMPOS DOS GOYTACAZES CAMPOS DOS GOYTACAZES APRESENTAÇÃO A crise que vem comprometendo as finanças públicas dos municípios exige um esforço redobrado das administrações locais no sentido de ampliar suas receitas próprias. Como é sabido, muitos municípios brasileiros dependem fortemente de transferências da União e dos estados. No caso do Rio de Janeiro, os municípios também recebem valores expressivos a título de royalties e participações especiais decorrentes da produção de petróleo e gás. Com a queda da atividade econômica afetando a arrecadação de impostos e com patamares mais baixos para os preços do petróleo, os Estudos Socioeconômicos, em sua presente edição, dedicam um capítulo especial à análise do tema, com destaque para tributos como o ISS, o IPTU e o ITBI, de competência municipal. Outra novidade é a criação de um capítulo de sustentabilidade, que investigará a evolução dos indicadores ambientais tendo como pano de fundo os 17 objetivos de desenvolvimento sustentável (ODS) fixados no âmbito das Nações Unidas e que guiarão as ações globais nesse campo por 15 anos, a partir de 2016. Nessa primeira versão, o capítulo destaca os instrumentos da gestão ambiental postos à disposição dos administradores, em especial a concessão do licenciamento ambiental, a elaboração de um cadastro ambiental e o desenvolvimento da Agenda 21 local. No final, o capítulo traz o Mapa de Cobertura e Uso da Terra do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, elaborado pelo IBGE, e o Atlas dos Remanescentes Florestais da Mata Atlântica, uma publicação da Fundação SOS Mata Atlântica e do Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais – Inpe. O ano de 2016 trouxe ainda a divulgação de importantes indicadores na esfera da educação, com a apresentação dos resultados das últimas versões do Programme for International Student Assessment – Pisa e do Índice de Desenvolvimento da Educação Básica – Ideb.
    [Show full text]
  • Universidade Federal Do Estado Do Rio De Janeiro Centro De Letras E Artes Programa De Pós-Graduação Em Música Mestrado E Doutorado Em Música
    UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO ESTADO DO RIO DE JANEIRO CENTRO DE LETRAS E ARTES PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM MÚSICA MESTRADO E DOUTORADO EM MÚSICA O RAP DE MC CRIOLO ENTRE TALENTOS E TECNOLOGIAS JOANA MALTA GOMES RIO DE JANEIRO, 2016 O RAP DE MC CRIOLO ENTRE TALENTOS E TECNOLOGIAS por JOANA MALTA GOMES Tese submetida ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Música do Centro de Letras e Artes da UNIRIO, como requisito parcial para obtenção do grau de Doutor, sob a orientação do Professor Dr. Silvio Merhy e coorientação da Professora Dra. Cristina Maria Carvalho Delou. Rio de Janeiro, 2016 Gomes, Joana Malta. G633 O rap de MC Criolo entre talentos e tecnologias / Joana Malta Gomes, 2016. 211 p. ; 30 cm Orientador: Silvio Merhy. Coorientadora: Cristina Maria Carvalho Delou. Tese (Doutorado em Música) – Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 2016. 1. Criolo, 1975-. 2. Música e tecnologia. 3. Rap (Música). 4. Talento musical. I. Merhy, Silvio. II. Delou, Cristina Maria Carvalho. III. Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Centro de Letras e Artes. Curso de Doutorado em Música. IV. Título. CDD – 781.54 Dedico esse trabalho à memória de meu pai Luiz Carlos Gomes AGRADECIMENTOS Mo dúpe àwon orisa mi, àwon ile mi! Mo dúpe Iowo Osun, rere iya, orisa mi! É preciso dar um salve ao hip hop, essa cultura que fez desabrochar tantos talentos tornando possível esse estudo. Criolo, não tenho palavras para agradecer a sua disponibilidade, colaboração e o carinho em me receber e compartilhar um pouco da sua história.
    [Show full text]
  • 500 Years Later Subtitles
    Movie Description: 500 Years Later Program: LACAS Languages Location: Subtitles: No Subtitles Languages: Movie Description: A Royal Affair Program: World Languages Languages Location: Subtitles: No Subtitles Languages: Movie Description: A Royal Affair Program: World Languages Languages Location: HO G03 Subtitles: No Subtitles Languages: Movie Description: A Son of Africa Program: African Studies Languages Location: Turner 210 Subtitles: No Subtitles Languages: Movie Description: A Sunday in Kigali Spring 1994, Kigali, Rwanda's capital city, deep in the heart of Africa. Bernard Valcourt is a man divided between hope and disillusionment. In Africa to shoot a documentary on the devastation wreaked by AIDS, Valcourt watches on as tensions rapidly escalate between Tutsis and Hutus. At the Hotel Des Mille Program: World Languages Collines, home to expatriates, Valcourt falls madly in love with Gentille, a beautiful Rwandan waitress. Though she feels the same way, their romance grows in fits and starts; she is so young and he - he is so Languages French Location: HO 311 white.. In spite of their differences, Gentille and Valcourt throw caution to the wind and marry. And then war breaks out. Amidst the ensuing chaos the lovers are brutally separated. Valcourt searchesdesperately for his wife, but because of his staus as a foreigner, is forced to leave the country. Months later, Rwanda is stained with the blood of close to a million Tutsis but order has been restored. Valcourt returns to Kigali in search of his wife. But with many survivors displaced from their homes and some living in refugee camps across borders, his task is a difficult one.
    [Show full text]
  • SALVADOR DA BAHIA, BRAZIL Onboard: 1800 Sunday, November 6
    Arrive: 0800 Tuesday, November 1 SALVADOR DA BAHIA, BRAZIL Onboard: 1800 Sunday, November 6 Brief Overview: Salvador Da Bahia simply called ‘Bahia’ by locals, is an energetic and beautiful city. The bright and gold-laden architecture of this city demonstrates the grandeur of what was once the capital of Portugal’s New World colony. The Afro-Brazilian culture of the city is evident in much of the its traditions, specifically in its religious movements, music, dance, food, and martial arts, which have preserved the heritage of the West African peoples that were enslaved and brought to Brazil. Experience Bahian culture through a performance of the Bahia Folklore Dance Company or take part in a drumming workshop. Participate in the immense restoration projects sweeping the city, or meet with locals who took the revitalization of these communities under their wing. Don’t miss out in viewing Salvador’s vibrant coast. Whether visiting the sea turtle project at Praia do Forte or taking a cruise to Itaparica Island, the magnificent shoreline is something to be seen. Out of town: Rio de Janeiro is not called the Magnificent City for nothing. The juxtaposition of dense city and tropical rainforest leaves the imagination with endless inspirations. You can find yourself in the middle of a bustling city street one minute and the next hiking up to an astounding overlook through the Tijuca Atlantic Forest. If you’re into natural wonders, catch a flight to Iguaçu National Park and marvel at its 240 waterfalls. Visit the Amazon: Travel to Manaus, and embark on a riverboat expedition along the Amazon River.
    [Show full text]
  • Rio-Niteroi Bridge: Thermal Field Studies
    Rio-Niteroi Bridge: Thermal Field Studies A. Ostapenko, Lehigh University One side span of the three-span (200, 300, 200 m) continuous steel box plified version of the method developed by Emerson (3) girder bridge in Rio de Janeiro was instrumented for measuring strains was used to calculate thermal stresses from these re-: and temperature during construction and in service. Electrical, mechan­ actions, the stresses were found to be of potential in­ ical, and scratch gauges were used. The field measurements, conducted tensity to induce cracking of concrete (4). Analysis of in winter and summer, show that the daily temperature increase is the largest from 6:30 a.m. to 3:00 p.m. The high temperature change in the a small concrete model tested under a thermal load gave top flange drops within 0.30 m by as much as 13 to 15°C and then re­ good correlation with theory (5). Some sample concrete mains essentially constant in the rest of the cross section. A computer bridges were also analyzed for thermal conditions in program was developed for generating a complete thermal field in the North America (6). bridge from the temperatures specified at two cross sections and for per­ Although the cTifferential equations and principles of forming thermoelastic analysis. The highest thermal stress was found to thermoelastic analysis are well established, their ap­ be 14.2 rvfP<I: ReCciiiiiiienlfations are made for a temperature change pat­ tern to be used in design of steel bridges under the Rio de Janeiro condi­ plication to bridge girders is hampered by the complexity tions and for the intensification of research in the United States on ther­ of the cross sections, uncertainties of thermal material mal effects in bridge structures.
    [Show full text]