S2722 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE March 22, 2001 minute to minute, on TV. It is not as- and State of Alaska officials to Eng- women be admitted. And jazz music sured that will occur with a markup in land, Scotland, the Orkney Islands and would not be complete without the un- committee, but we will have it, full Norway to survey and observe the ef- forgettable voice of jazz singer Billie time, every moment we speak. fect of off shore drilling on their com- Holiday who also hailed from Balti- Having said that, we will put to- munities and how this might similarly more City. Their accomplishments and gether this budget as quickly as we affect Alaskan communities. talent provide inspiration not only to can. We will try to share it with all the Cliff served as the Southeast Finance Marylanders, but to people all over the Members and eventually, as soon as we Chairman for my reelection to the U.S. globe. can, we will share it with the other Senate. He was a life member of the A woman who illustrates the com- side of the aisle. But essentially, they Pioneers of Alaska, member of the mitment of the women of is will have ample time in the 5 days we B.P.O. Elks, American Legion, Theta my good friend and colleague from debate this, 50 hours. Do you know how Chi Fraternity, National Association of Maryland, Senator . long that is? We won’t get out of here Independent Businessmen, National As- Senator MIKULSKI, who has served before Easter. We might meet through sociation of Stevedores and a 45-year longer than any other woman cur- the night one of those nights and we member of the Rotary Club as well as rently in the Senate, played a key role will get out of here before Easter. a Paul Harris Fellow. in establishing this month. In 1981, she f In 1985, Cliff was awarded the Out- cosponsored a resolution establishing standing Alaskan Award by the Alaska National Women’s History Week, a CLIFF TARO State Chamber of Commerce. In 1989 he predecessor to Women’s History Mr. MURKOWSKI. Mr President, a was awarded an Honorary degree of Month. Today, I wish to honor her few weeks ago I went home to Ketch- Doctor of Humanities from the Univer- dedication and service to the people of ikan, AK. It was the first time since I sity of Alaska Southeast. In January Maryland and this Nation. became a U.S. Senator, 20 years ago, 1992 he was elected to the Alaska Busi- While we recognize famous women, it that my good friend Cliff Taro was not ness Hall of Fame. He was the 2000 is important that we acknowledge the there to meet me. He was an excep- Ketchikan Chamber of Commerce Cit- contributions of others who daily tional man and embodied the true izen of the Year, and Nancy and I were touch our lives. It is our favorite Alaskan pioneer spirit. Earlier this proud to be able to present him and teacher who gave us the confidence and year, Cliff died. I truly miss him. Nan with this tribute. knowledge to know that we were capa- Cliff first came to Alaska in 1943, as Cliff was a supporter of little league ble of success. It is the single mother a Sergeant in the U.S. Army Trans- and could often be found at the ball or grandmother who toiled at a low- ports Corps. He was stationed at Excur- park or Ketchikan High games cheer- paying job for years to guarantee that sion Inlet near Juneau. This was a sub ing on his grandchildren. the next generation in her family re- port to supply the war in the Aleu- Cliff’s death followed the earlier ceived better education and career op- tians, and was where Cliff received first passing of his wife Nan. Survivors in- portunities. It is the professional hand experience and an interest in ste- clude their son Jim, and their daughter women who volunteer the little spare vedoring, his future occupation. After 4 and son in-law Debbie and Bob Berto. time they have to read to children or years in the Army, where he advanced He is also survived by four grand- speak to student groups, inspiring to the rank of captain, he went to work children: Jennie, Ethan, Brian, and young people to aim for goals beyond for Everett Stevedoring in 1946. He Anna. what they may have otherwise imag- married his wife Nan on August 21, 1949 Cliff was my friend. He will be missed ined. And the stay-at-home mothers in Bellingham Washington and in 1952, by all Alaskans. who devote enormous time to chauffeur Cliff, Nan and their two children, Jim f their children and others from activity and Debbie, moved to Ketchikan and to activity, knowing that these many WOMEN’S HISTORY MONTH started Southeast Stevedoring Cor- hobbies stimulate a child’s interest and poration. Mr. SARBANES. Mr. President, I rise desire to learn. These modern day hero- Cliff’s accomplishments, interests today in recognition of Women’s His- ines, giving of their time, knowledge, and awards are abundant. He was a tory Month. This time has been appro- and expertise must not be taken for member of the Marine Section of the priately designated to reflect upon the granted. National Safety council for more than important contributions and heroic Women have made great strides in 25 years, as well as serving on the sacrifices that women have made to overcoming historic adversity and bias Board of Governors of the National our Nation and consider the challenges but they still face many obstacles. Un- Maritime Safety Association. Cliff was they continue to face. Throughout our equal pay, poverty, inadequate access a member of the Alaska State Chamber history, women have been at the fore- to healthcare and violent crime are of Commerce for 40 years, served on its front of every important movement for among the challenges that continue to board of directors for seven years, and a better and more just society, and disproportionately affect women. was both vice president and president they have been the foundation of our Working women earn 74 cents to every of the Chamber. Additionally, he was a families. dollar earned by men. What is more charter member of Alaska Nippon Kai, In Maryland, we are proud to honor troubling is that the more education a a Japanese trade arm of the Alaska those women who have given so much woman has, the wider the wage gap. Chamber of Commerce. He was a mem- to improve our lives. Their achieve- According to a recent Census Bureau ber of the Korean Business Council and ments illustrate their courage and te- report, the average American woman co-founder and treasurer of nacity in conquering overwhelming ob- loses approximately $523,000 in wages Ketchikan’s Save Our Community. stacles. They include , and benefits over a lifetime because of Cliff represented Alaska on the Seattle who became America’s first woman wage inequality. Families with a fe- Mayor’s Maritime Advisory Committee lawyer and landholder, and Harriet male head of household have the high- and had been trustee and member of Tubman, who risked her own life to est poverty rate and comprise the ma- the Alaska Council on Economic Edu- lead hundreds of slaves to freedom jority of poor families. cation. through the Underground Railroad. Dr. Women continue to be under-rep- Cliff was a member of Governor Keith Helen Taussig, another great Mary- resented in high-paying professions and Miller’s Task Force to Washington, lander, developed the first successful lag significantly behind men in enroll- D.C. to successfully lobby for the Alas- medical procedure to save ‘‘blue ba- ment in science programs. Increasing ka Pipeline. He accepted an invitation bies’’ by repairing heart birth defects. the number of women in these fields by President Jimmy Carter and Gov- Her efforts laid the groundwork for begins with encouraging girls’ interest ernor Jay Hammond to participate in a modern heart surgery. We are all in- and awareness in school. seminar on Foreign Trade and Export debted to Mary Elizabeth Garrett and As our population ages, we must also Development. Cliff traveled, with me, Martha Carey Thomas who donated address the special challenges of older and other members of the Alaska State money to create Johns Hopkins Med- women. Women live an average of 6 Chamber of Commerce, Native leaders ical School on the condition that years longer than men. Consequently,

VerDate Mar 15 2010 03:47 Dec 20, 2013 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00042 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA425\1997-2008-FILES-4-SS-PROJECT\2001-SENATE-REC-FILES\RECFILES-NEW\S mmaher on DSKCGSP4G1 with SOCIALSECURITY March 22, 2001 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S2723 their reduced pay is even more detri- Indeed, women have made great and graduate students, to study those lan- mental given their increased life ex- progress. I think it is appropriate to guages and cultures critical to U.S. national pectancy as they are forced to live on point out the accomplishments of security and under-represented in U.S. less money for a longer period of time. women in history, but it is also impor- study. NSEP award recipients make an im- In addition, more women over age 65 portant contribution to future U.S. national tant to educate present and future gen- security by working in the federal govern- tend to live alone at a time when ill- erations about gender discrimination ment or in higher education. ness and accidents due to decreased so that we do not repeat past mistakes. NSEP SURVEY mobility are more likely. For these We all look forward to a day when The National Security Education Program women, it is imperative that we guar- these conditions will be distant and un- (NSEP), as per its legislative mandate, con- antee that Social Security and Medi- imaginable. We are closer to that day ducts a yearly survey to identify those world care remain solvent for future genera- than we were yesterday, but we still regions, languages, and fields of study crit- tions. have some distance to travel. I am con- ical to U.S. national security and under-rep- I believe we should use this month as fident that the women of America will resented in U.S. study. The findings are used an opportunity to reflect not only on lead this journey and continue to ex- to better understand the current and pro- the achievements and challenges of emplify and advocate for those values jected needs of the federal government by American women, but to recognize emphasizing those same countries, lan- and ideals which are at the heart of a guages, and fields of study in the annual ap- those of women internationally. We decent, caring, and fair society. know that a variety of ills hinder the plication guidelines for the NSEP Under- potential of women in many parts of f graduate Scholarships, Graduate Fellow- ships, and Grants to U.S. Institutions of the world—labor practices that oppress NATIONAL SECURITY EDUCATION Higher Education. women and girls, the rapid spread of PROGRAM Using as a baseline the current annual list HIV and AIDS, and limited or non- of world regions, languages, and fields of existent suffrage rights. We must Mr. COCHRAN. Mr. President, the study emphasized by the program, (see At- broaden access to education, the polit- National Security Education Program tachment A) NSEP asks a broad range of ical process, and reproductive health has released an Analysis of Federal Federal agencies and organizations with re- globally so that girls and women every- Language Needs. This analysis will ap- sponsibilities in the national security arena where can maximize their options. To pear later this year as part of its an- to consider the next five to ten years in rec- have a credible voice in the inter- nual report to Congress. It confirms ommending additions and/or deletions to the existing list. These changes are reflected in national arena, the United States must the need to support foreign language instruction at the elementary and sec- annual guidelines for applications, released lead by example, showing that Amer- each fall. ican women enjoy these rights fully. ondary education level. NSEP, in its 2000–2001 survey, broadened While obstacles remain, women have It also is compelling evidence that the scope of the survey by first, increasing achieved impressive progress. This the Senate should pass S. 541, the For- the number and types of agencies and/or of- good news includes a decline in the eign Language Acquisition and Pro- fices queried, and second, by identifying the poverty rate for single women and an ficiency Improvement Act, which will role that professional competency in critical increase in those holding advanced de- provide assistance to schools for for- languages plays in the capacity of the fed- grees. Recent figures show women re- eign language instruction. I ask unani- eral agencies to execute their missions. This type of information is of critical importance ceived approximately 45 percent of law mous consent that the March, 2001, Na- as we attempt to refine and modify existing and 42 percent of medical degrees tional Security Education Program and potentially new programs to respond to awarded in this country. This is a dra- Analysis of Federal Language Needs, be the demands of the 21st century. Question- matic improvement from a few decades printed in the RECORD. naires were mailed to 91 federal agencies ago and should continue as more and There being no objection, the mate- and/or offices that deal with international more women enter professional pro- rial was ordered to be printed in the issues. Forty-eight respondents from 46 agen- grams. RECORD, as follows: cies/offices sent their feedback to NSEP. At- tachment B provides a list of agencies who In my home State of Maryland, as in NATIONAL SECURITY EDUCATION PROGRAM the Nation, women are a guiding force responded to the 2000–2001 survey. (NSEP) ANALYSIS OF FEDERAL LANGUAGE The purpose of this report is to provide re- and a major presence in our national NEEDS sults from this analysis and to contribute to business sector. From 1987 to 1999, the INTRODUCTION our understanding of the increasing need for number of women-owned firms in the There is little debate that the era of language and international expertise in the United States grew by 103 percent. globalization has brought increasingly di- federal sector. Women were responsible for 80 percent verse and complex challenges to U.S. na- SURVEY RESPONSES of the total enrollment growth at tional security. With these challenges comes The responses to the 2000–2001 survey con- Maryland colleges and universities a rapidly increasing need for a workforce firm the significant need for language exper- throughout the last two decades. with skills that address these needs, includ- tise in the federal sector. In addition, re- I am pleased to report that during ing professional expertise accompanied by spondents indicate that when language ex- my service in Congress, I have strongly the ability to communicate and understand pertise is either required, or an important supported efforts to address women’s the languages and cultures of key world re- asset to an organization’s missions and func- gions: Russia and the former Soviet Union, tions, the language must be at the advanced issues and correct gender discrimina- China, the Arab world, Iran, Korea, Central tion and inequality. In the present ses- level. The responses show that the demand Asia and key countries in Africa, Latin for advanced language skills exists across sion, I have cosponsored the Paycheck America and East Asia. the board. Agencies from all functional Fairness Act, which would provide Some 80 federal agencies and offices in- areas—political/military, social and eco- more effective remedies to victims of volved in areas related to U.S. national secu- nomic—vouch that professional proficiency wage discrimination on the basis of rity rely increasingly on human resources in languages are imperative to the function sex. Along with many of my colleagues, with high levels of language competency and of their missions. I have supported the Equity in Pre- international knowledge and experience. The chart at Attachment C provides some scription Insurance and Contraceptive Finding these resources and, in particular, additional insight concerning languages finding candidates for employment as profes- Coverage Act, which would prohibit identified by federal organizations and the sionals in the U.S. Government, has proven advanced levels of expertise associated with health insurance plans from excluding increasingly difficult, and many agencies these requirements. Eleven languages or restricting benefits for FDA-ap- now report shortfalls in hiring, deficits in (French, Spanish, Portuguese, German, Rus- proved prescription contraception if readiness, and adverse impacts on oper- sian, Mandarin, Cantonese, Japanese, Ko- the plan covers other prescription ations. Some important documentation of rean, Urdu, and Arabic) were identified by at drugs. In order to build a national re- these needs and shortfalls can be found in least four different federal organizations. An pository of the contributions of women September 2000 testimony provided to the additional 19 languages were identified by at to our Nation’s history, I cosponsored Committee on Govern- least two different federal organizations; 40 mental Affairs, Subcommittee on Inter- legislation to establish a National Mu- languages were identified by single organiza- national Security, Proliferation, and Federal tions. seum of Women’s History Advisory Services, chaired by Senator . The following examples serve to provide Committee. I am proud of these efforts Since 1994, the National Security Edu- some additional insights into federal needs: and I will continue my commitment to cation Program (NSEP) has funded out- The National Cryptologic School of the bring fuller equality to all women. standing U.S. students, both undergraduate NSA stated that ‘‘language skills tied to any

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