DOCSLIB.ORG

Socio-Cultural Determinants of Political-Economic Affairs (Collected Essays)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Socio-Cultural Determinants of Political-Economic Affairs (Collected Essays) Socio-Cultural Determinants of Political-Economic Affairs (Collected Essays) by W B (Ben) Vosloo July 2015 Copyright © 2015 The author All rights reserved No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, without prior permission in writing of the author. The author, who is still gripped by the limitations of writing in longhand, wishes to express his deep appreciation to his wife, Madalein Irene, for taking good care of the typing, collating and editing of all the essays in this collection. Wollongong, July 2015 About the Author Ben Vosloo was born in the Empangeni district, Natal, 4 November 1934. After completing his schooling in Vryheid, he went to the University of Pretoria where he majored in political science and economics taking the BA and MA degrees with distinction After serving as a teaching and research assistant, he obtained a Ph.D degree in 1965 at Cornell University, Ithaca, New York. On his return to South Africa, Dr Vosloo began his long association with the reform process in the fields of constitutional change, educational reform and economic development. He served as Professor of Political Science and Public Administration at the University of Stellenbosch for 15 years. He was inter alia member of two direction-setting Commissions: the Erika Theron Commission concerning constitutional reform and the De Lange Commission on educational reform. He published widely in academic and professional publications in the fields of management science, political science and development issues. He held offices as a founding member of a number of academic and professional associations such as the S A Political Science Association, the S A Institute for Public Administration and the S A Institute of International Affairs. During his academic career, Prof. Vosloo received several meritorious scholarships and academic awards. Ben Vosloo started his “second” career in 1981 when he was appointed as the founding Managing Director of the newly formed Small Business Development Corporation. He steered the SBDC to its successful track record and its unique position of prominence as a private sector led development institution (1981 to 1995). In recognition of his work, Dr Vosloo was made Marketing Man of the Year (1986), Man of the Year by the Institute of Management Consultants of Southern Africa (1989), given the Emeritus Citation for Business Leaders by the Argus Newspaper Group (1990) and the Personnel Man of the Year by the Institute of Personnel Managers (1990), named as one of the Business Times Top Five Businessmen (1993) and by “Beeld” as one of South Africa’s Top 21 Business Leaders in the past 21 years (1995). He acted as co-author and editor of a trend-setting publication Entrepreneurship and Economic Growth (HSRC Publishers, Pretoria 1994) and was awarded an Honorary Doctorate by the University of Pretoria in December 1995. In 1996 Ben Vosloo started his “third” career. He initially served as a business consultant on strategic policy matters and later became involved in export marketing in the USA, Canada, Europe and Asia. He obtained permanent resident status in Australia in the category “Distinguished Talents” and eventually became an Australian citizen in 2002. He is now retired and resides in North Wollongong, NSW. Socio-Cultural Determinants of Political-Economic Affairs (Collected Essays) by W B (Ben) Vosloo ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ INDEX Chapter Page Introduction i 1 Key Determinants of Human Affairs 1 2 The Role of Religion 9 3 Footprints of the Abrahamic Religions 30 4 Migration Patterns in the Colonial Era (1400-1940) 45 5 Sub-national Group Formation in International Perspective 59 6 The Rise and Decline of the Anglo-Saxon Model 69 7 The British Economy in the Post-Colonial Era 93 8 The Distinctive Nature of the German Model 108 9 The Colonial Dutch and British Influence in South Africa 127 10 East Asian Modernisation and Confucian Capitalism 160 11 China’s Spectacular Rise as an Emerging Giant 171 12 The Impressive Growth Potential of East Asia 185 i Introduction All intelligent persons are keen to understand the world around them. Why do things turn out the way they do? What are the key determinants in human affairs? How do they spill over into political affairs? Social scientists have developed the nature-nurture theory of human behaviour to explain the great variation in the levels of human achievement. The “nature” aspect refers to the talents, abilities, instincts and other inherent qualities belonging to a person by birth. Under “nurture” is normally understood the non-genetic external influences that educate, train, nourish and support individuals after their birth. Their accomplishments in many spheres of life are determined by the interaction of their innate potential with the opportunities coming their way. A person born with the talent of “perfect pitch” coupled with unfailing eye and hand co-ordination and dexterity will not be able to become a famous pianist without access to a piano instrument to practice on coupled with a good teacher to introduce him or her to the performing arts. Similarly, a country’s economic fortunes are determined by the interaction of human action and natural endowments. The peoples of some countries do not know how to exploit or utilise their natural resources. Others are astute users of their opportunities and still others do remarkably well without natural endowments. Successful education outcomes require willing and able learners as well as good teachers and facilities. Based on systematically collected empirical evidence, the academic disciplines of sociology, psychology and anthropology have unfolded much insight into human behaviour as individuals, as members of society and as members of specific group formations. Together they attempt to explain how and why people act the way they do in association with others. Humans are, as Aristotle noticed, “social animals” – they become human in their association with others. And as an astute American political scientist, Harold Lasswell observed: men act politically as they are socially and culturally. He could have added “psychologically”, “religiously” and “economically”. Most of today’s nation-states came into being since the middle of the seventeenth century. Intergroup conflict along religious, ethnic, language, racial, class or even regional lines or some combination of these, usually played a crucial role. As a result of the migration of people over many centuries, most countries in today’s world have heterogeneous populations. A homogeneous population like the Japanese people is rather exceptional. The critical factor in heterogeneity is the degree of overlap in the population cleavages. When the cleavages overlap substantially, the conflict potential also increases substantially. This happens when sub-national groups confront each other as substantial opponents across the board in all spheres of societal life. When this happens, there is little scope for compromise and adjustment. Community life becomes a battlefield driven by race hatreds, class envy, cultural enmity and religious confrontations. There are numerous examples of sub-national cleavages or cultural differentiators that are so intense that they not only undermine the internal cohesion or stability of a state, but tear its components apart in violent conflict as unbending adversaries. Racial differences, though resting on highly subjective stereotypes, usually create a visible and keen sense of differentiation among people. The key elements that are usually used as a basis for such social differentiation are variation in skin pigmentation, hair colour or consistency and facial characteristics. European Westerners are visibly different in an African, Indian or Chinese environment and vice versa. A sense of racial identity is often enveloped in an elaborate ideological wrapping that drives members of racial groups into opposing camps. Ethnic and language groups normally share a common culture, a ii common ancestry, a shared history and the kinship bonds of their blood relationships. These groupings may overlap with racial characteristics. Religion provides a strong foundation for identity and cultural cohesion. History has proven that Islam, Christianity, Judaism, Hinduism, Buddhism or particular sects or rites of these can provide a profound hold upon people’s emotions. Common religion can produce a militant cultural identity which is combined with a profound sense of sacred mission. Coexistence of different religious communities within the same state is particularly difficult where religion regards the sacred and secular realms as inseparable. Throughout history, cleavages internal to major religions such as Christianity and Islam have been of great significance. Protestants and Catholics have been involved in devastating conflicts as have Sunni and Shi’ite Muslims. The Crusades of the Middle Ages are a clear indication that the current “Islamic State” and other militant Islamic movements represent clear and present dangers to the preservation of world peace. Religious conflict is capable of generating an intensity of identification which can override all other issues when it invests conflicts with a heavenly mandate to be pursued as a holy duty. It provides a supernatural imperative and removes the debate from the level of human rationality. There are numerous examples of socio-cultural
Load more

Recommended publications
  • GIPE-002633.Pdf
    .0 . EDmON SOUTH AFRICA. CATEWA.YOr TIlE C""trI'& 0' t;OO1J Hon SOUTH AFRICA (THE CAPE COLONY, NATAL, ORANGE FREE STATE, SOUTH AFRICAN . REPPBLIG, RHODESIA, AND ALL OTHER TERRITORIES SOUTH OF THE ZAMBESI) BY GEORGE M'CALL THEAL, D.Lrf., LL.D. NINTH IMPRESSION (SIXTH EDITION) 1on~on T. FISHER UNWIN PATBa.NOS1"Sa. SQUAIS COPVRJ(;HT BY T. FISHER UNWIN, 1894 (For Great Britain). CopfiRlGHT BY G. P. PUTNAM'S, 1894 (For the United Stal~ of America) Vb] (~ PREFACE TO FIFTH EDITION. THE chapters in this volume upon the Cape Colony before 1848, Natal before 1845, and the Orange Free State, South African Republic, Zulu­ land, and Basutoland before 1872, contain an outline of my History of South Africa, which has been published in -England in five octavo volumes. In that work my authorities are given, so they need not be repeated here. The remaining c~apters have been written merely from general acquaintance with South African affairs acquired during many years' residence -in the country, and have not the same claim to be regarded as absolutely correct, though I have endeavoured to make them reliable. In prep,!ring the book I was guided by the principle that truth should tie told, regardless of nationalities or parties, and I strove to the utmost. to avoid anything like favour or prejudice. The above was the preface to the first edition of this book, which was __ puJ:>lished in September, 1893. As successive edition!;" aRB"ared the volume was enlarged, and nov: it has been my task to add the saddest chapter of the whole, the one in which is recorded the bc~inning.
    [Show full text]
  • Fighting for the Spoils Cape Burgerschap and Faction Disputes in Cape Town in the 1770S Town
    The copyright of this thesis vests in the author. No quotation from it or information derived from it is to be published without full acknowledgementTown of the source. The thesis is to be used for private study or non- commercial research purposes only. Cape Published by the University ofof Cape Town (UCT) in terms of the non-exclusive license granted to UCT by the author. University Fighting for the Spoils Cape burgerschap and faction disputes in Cape Town in the 1770s Town Cape Teunis Baartmanof University Thesis presented for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Historical Studies University of Cape Town October 2011 Town Cape of University [ii] Abstract Fighting for the spoils. Cape burgerschap and faction disputes in Cape Town in the 1770s. Teunis Baartman October 2011 The Cape of Good Hope was rocked by a period of political turmoil at the end of the 1770s and beginning of 1780s. Coenraad Beyers published an extensive study about this period and labelled the protesters: Cape Patriots (‘Die Kaapse Patriotte’). In his view they were pre-Afrikaner burghers who, driven by ideological arguments, opposed a colonial VOC tyranny. This thesis aims to revise this analysis, while seeking to demonstrate that late eighteenth century Cape society was marked by a complex and intertwined network of status groups. Town The burgher protests are used as a case study to illustrate that the Cape settlement was part and parcel of the Dutch empire. The protesters emphasised that their burgerschap was on par with that in cities in theCape Dutch Republic.
    [Show full text]
  • Star Wars: the Fascism Awakens Representation and Its Failure from the Weimar Republic to the Galactic Senate Chapman Rackaway University of West Georgia
    STAR WARS: THE FASCISM AWAKENS 7 Star Wars: The Fascism Awakens Representation and its Failure from the Weimar Republic to the Galactic Senate Chapman Rackaway University of West Georgia Whether in science fiction or the establishment of an earthly democracy, constitutional design matters especially in the realm of representation. Democracies, no matter how strong or fragile, can fail under the influence of a poorly constructed representation plan. Two strong examples of representational failure emerge from the post-WWI Weimar Republic and the Galactic Republic’s Senate from the Star Wars saga. Both legislatures featured a combination of overbroad representation without minimum thresholds for minor parties to be elected to the legislature and multiple non- citizen constituencies represented in the body. As a result both the Weimar Reichstag and the Galactic Senate fell prey to a power-hungry manipulating zealot who used the divisions within their legislature to accumulate power. As a result, both democracies failed and became tyrannical governments under despotic leaders who eventually would be removed but only after wars of massive casualties. Representation matters, and both the Weimer legislature and Galactic Senate show the problems in designing democratic governments to fairly represent diverse populations while simultaneously limiting the ability of fringe groups to emerge. “The only thing necessary for the triumph of representative democracies. A poor evil is for good men to do nothing.” constitutional design can even lead to tyranny. – Edmund Burke (1848) Among the flaws most potentially damaging to a republic is a faulty representational “So this is how liberty dies … with structure. Republics can actually build too thunderous applause.” - Padme Amidala (Star much representation into their structures, the Wars: Episode III Revenge of the Sith, 2005) result of which is tyranny as a byproduct of democratic failure.
    [Show full text]
  • JANUS.NET Vol.8
    OBSERVARE Universidade Autónoma de Lisboa ISSN: 1647-7251 Vol. 8, Nº. 1 (May-October 2017) Articles Ricardo Real P. Sousa - Genealogy of behaviourist peace research - pp. 1-22 Gilberto Carvalho de Oliveira - Pacifist approaches to conflict resolution: an overview of the principled pacifism - pp. 23-43 Teresa Almeida Cravo - Peacebuilding: assumptions, practices and critiques - pp. 44-60 Patrícia Galvão Teles - The ICC at the centre ofan international criminal justice system: current challenges - pp. 61-73 Susana Abelho - Yanukovych's decision to postpone the signing of the agreement with the EU: a poliheuristic analysis - pp. 74-87 Miguel Santos Neves - Economic diplomacy, geo-economics and The external strategy of Portugal - pp. 88-118 Pedro Velez - Constitution and religiosity of/in the constitutional order of the National Socialist Empire - pp. 119-142 OBSERVARE Universidade Autónoma de Lisboa e-ISSN: 1647-7251 Vol. 8, Nº. 1 (May-October 2017), pp. 1-22 GENEALOGY OF BEHAVIOURIST PEACE RESEARCH Ricardo Real P. Sousa [email protected] Assistant Professor at Autonomous University of Lisbon (Portugal) and integrated researcher at OBSERVARE. He has a PhD from the International Institute of Social Studies (ISS) Erasmus University of Rotterdam (EUR) in the Netherlands. He was part of the Research School in Peace and Conflict (PRIO / NTNU / UiO) in Norway and associated with the Center of International Studies (CEI) Lisbon University Institute (IUL) in Portugal as a researcher on conflict. He has a Master of Science in Development Studies from the School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS) of the University of London, a post-graduation diploma of advanced studies in African Studies and a Bachelor (Hons) degree in Business Administration, both from the Lisbon University Institute.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 Independence Regained
    1 INDEPENDENCE REGAINED The history of Poland in the modern era has been characterised by salient vicissitudes: outstanding victories and tragic defeats, soaring optimism and the deepest despair, heroic sacrifice and craven subser- vience. Underpinning all of these experiences and emotions, however, are the interrelated themes of national freedom, independence and sovereignty, which were sometimes lost, then regained, but never forgotten or abandoned. They, more than anything else, shaped Poland’s destiny in the modern era. And if there is one single, fundamental point of reference, then it is unquestionably the Partitions of the eighteenth century which resulted in Poland’s disappearance from the map of Europe for well over a century. The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, as the Polish State was consti- tuted since the mid-sixteenth century, was for the next two hundred years one of the largest and most powerful in Europe, occupying a huge swathe of territory stretching from the area around Poznań in the west to far-off Muscovy in the east, and from Livonia in the north to the edge of the Ottoman Empire in the south. Famous kings, such as Stefan Batory (1575–86) and Jan Sobieski III (1674–96), and great landowning families, the Lubomirskis, Radziwiłłs, Zamoyskis, Czartoryskis and the like, played a leading role in moulding the economic, political and social life of the country and bringing it unprecedented international prestige. By the beginning of the eighteenth century, however, the first unmistakable signs of decline appeared, and were accentuated by the emergence of ambitious and expansionist neighbours in Russia, Prussia and Austria.
    [Show full text]
  • Knowledge and Colonialism: Eighteenth-Century Travellers in South Africa Atlantic World
    Knowledge and Colonialism: Eighteenth-century Travellers in South Africa Atlantic World Europe, Africa and the Americas, 1500–1830 Edited by Wim Klooster Clark University and Benjamin Schmidt University of Washington VOLUME 18 Knowledge and Colonialism: Eighteenth-century Travellers in South Africa By Siegfried Huigen LEIDEN • BOSTON 2009 On the cover: “Coba Caffer Captein” (Gordon Atlas, G75). Courtesy of the Rijkspren- tenkabinet, Amsterdam. This book was originally published as Verkenningen van Zuid-Afrika. Achttiende-eeuwse reizigers aan de kaap (2007). This book is printed on acid-free paper. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Huigen, Siegfried. Knowledge and colonialism : eighteenth-century travellers in South Africa / by Siegfried Huigen. p. cm. — (Atlantic world : Europe, Africa, and the Americas, 1500–1830 ; v. 18) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-90-04-17743-7 (hbk. : alk. paper) 1. Cape of Good Hope (South Africa)—Description and travel. 2. Cape of Good Hope (South Africa)—Description and travel—Sources. 3. Travelers—South Africa—Cape of Good Hope—History— 18th century. 4. Europeans—South Africa—Cape of Good Hope—History—18th century. 5. Ethnology—South Africa—Cape of Good Hope—History—18th century. 6. Ethnological expeditions—South Africa—Cape of Good Hope—History—18th century. 7. South Africa—History—To 1836. 8. South Africa—Colonial infl uence. 9. South Africa—Description and travel. 10. South Africa—Description and travel— Sources. I. Title. II. Series. DT2020.H85 2009 968.03—dc22 2009017888 ISSN 1570-0542 ISBN 978 90 04 17743 7 Copyright 2009 by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands. Koninklijke Brill NV incorporates the imprints Brill, Hotei Publishers, IDC Publishers, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers and VSP.
    [Show full text]
  • The Austrian Press Act 1862 Between the House of Lords and the House of Deputies
    - 581 - LAWMAKING PROCEDURE UNDER THE RULE OF THE FEBRUARY PATENT : THE AUSTRIAN PRESS ACT 1862 BETWEEN THE HOUSE OF LORDS AND THE HOUSE OF DEPUTIES Thomas Olechowski (Institut für Rechts-und Verfassungsgeschichte, Wien) I. The so-called February Patent The so-called February Patent1, sanctioned by emperor Franz Joseph on 26th February 1861, is one of the most remarkable documents in Austrian constitutional history : It can bee seen as an intermediate station in the transformation from neoabsolutism to constitutionalism. This transformation became necessary because of the military defeat Franz Joseph had to suffer in Italy in 1859 and of the financial crisis, which was a consequence of the lost war. The bourgeoisie was willing to subscribe Government bonds to turn off the 1 Reichsgesetzblatt für das Kaiserthum Österreich 1861/20. An official title doesn’t exist – which was intentional by the emperor and his cabinet, see Horst Brettner- Messler, Hrg, Die Ministerien Erzherzog Rainer und Mensdorff (= Die Protokolle des Österreichischen Ministerrates 1848–1867, V/1, Wien, 1977) p. 69, 96. In the literature, the name « Februarpatent », sometimes « Februarverfassung » (February constitution), is common, see f.e. Edmund Bernatzik, Die österreichischen Verfassungsgesetze, Wien2, 1991, Nr VIII ; Fritz Fellner, Das « Februarpatent » von 1861. Entstehung und Bedeutung, Mitteilungen des Instituts für Österreichische Geschichtsforschung 63, Wien, 1955, p. 549–564, especially 554 f ; Andreas Gottsmann, Der Reichstag 1848/49 und der Reichsrat 1861 bis 1865, in Helmut Rumpler / Peter Urbanitsch, Hrg, Die Habsburgermonarchie VII, Wien, 2000, p. 569–665, esp 622 ; Lothar Höbelt, Parteien und Fraktionen im cisleithanischen Reichsrat, ibidem, p. 895–1006, esp 895, and many others.
    [Show full text]
  • Austrian Federalism in Comparative Perspective
    CONTEMPORARY AUSTRIAN STUDIES | VOLUME 24 Bischof, Karlhofer (Eds.), Williamson (Guest Ed.) • 1914: Aus tria-Hungary, the Origins, and the First Year of World War I War of World the Origins, and First Year tria-Hungary, Austrian Federalism in Comparative Perspective Günter Bischof AustrianFerdinand Federalism Karlhofer (Eds.) in Comparative Perspective Günter Bischof, Ferdinand Karlhofer (Eds.) UNO UNO PRESS innsbruck university press UNO PRESS innsbruck university press Austrian Federalism in ŽŵƉĂƌĂƟǀĞWĞƌƐƉĞĐƟǀĞ Günter Bischof, Ferdinand Karlhofer (Eds.) CONTEMPORARY AUSTRIAN STUDIES | VOLUME 24 UNO PRESS innsbruck university press Copyright © 2015 by University of New Orleans Press All rights reserved under International and Pan-American Copyright Conventions. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form, or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage nd retrieval system, without prior permission in writing from the publisher. All inquiries should be addressed to UNO Press, University of New Orleans, LA 138, 2000 Lakeshore Drive. New Orleans, LA, 70148, USA. www.unopress.org. Printed in the United States of America Book design by Allison Reu and Alex Dimeff Cover photo © Parlamentsdirektion Published in the United States by Published and distributed in Europe University of New Orleans Press by Innsbruck University Press ISBN: 9781608011124 ISBN: 9783902936691 UNO PRESS Publication of this volume has been made possible through generous grants from the the Federal Ministry for Europe, Integration, and Foreign Affairs in Vienna through the Austrian Cultural Forum in New York, as well as the Federal Ministry of Economics, Science, and Research through the Austrian Academic Exchange Service (ÖAAD). The Austrian Marshall Plan Anniversary Foundation in Vienna has been very generous in supporting Center Austria: The Austrian Marshall Plan Center for European Studies at the University of New Orleans and its publications series.
    [Show full text]
  • Downloaded From
    'Zonder eigen gewinne en glorie' : Mr. Iman Wilhelm Falck (1736-1785), gouverneur en directeur van Ceylon en Onderhorigheden Dulm, F. van der Citation Dulm, F. van der. (2012, February 9). 'Zonder eigen gewinne en glorie' : Mr. Iman Wilhelm Falck (1736-1785), gouverneur en directeur van Ceylon en Onderhorigheden. Uitgeverij Verloren, Hilversum. Retrieved from https://hdl.handle.net/1887/18470 Version: Not Applicable (or Unknown) Licence agreement concerning inclusion of doctoral License: thesis in the Institutional Repository of the University of Leiden Downloaded from: https://hdl.handle.net/1887/18470 Note: To cite this publication please use the final published version (if applicable). Frits van Dulm Iman Wilhelm Falck (1736-1785) verhuisde als jongeling van Ceylon, het huidige Sri Lanka, naar Utrecht, waar hij rech- ten studeerde. Hij koos niet voor een bestuurlijke loopbaan ‘Zonder eigen gewinne en glorie’ in de Republiek, maar voor een ongewisse carrière in Azië. In 1765 werd hij benoemd tot gouverneur van de VOC-vestiging Ceylon, waar hij een einde maakte aan de oorlog met het binnen- landse koninkrijk Kandy. Gedurende twintig jaar toonde hij een eigenzinnige visie op de te volgen politiek ten opzichte van de opdringende Britse macht in India. Zijn matige gezondheid en grote teleurstelling over het weinig krachtige Nederlandse optreden tijdens de Vierde En- gelse Oorlog deden hem afzien van een verdere car- rière in Batavia. Deze biografie van Falck, gebaseerd op vele herontdekte archieven, geeft een interes- sant beeld van zijn leven als diplomaat, zijn familieachtergronden, netwerken en intriges evenals de handel en de bin- nen- en buitenlandse politiek in de acht- tiende eeuw.
    [Show full text]
  • FC-Germany.Pdf
    Germany (Federal Republic of Germany) RUDOLF HRBEK 1 history and development of federalism Federalism is one of the key features of the political system of Ger- many. This is based on historical foundations and was re-established in the post-World War II situation. Before political unification in 1871 (at which time the German Empire under Prussian leadership was estab- lished), “Germany” consisted of a patchwork of states. These states formed the “Old Empire” (Altes Reich) with a common institution, the so-called Immerwährender Reichstag in Regensburg (1663–1806), com- posed of representatives of the respective territories. Its major features were power-sharing, bargaining and compromise-seeking. Following the dissolution of that Empire in 1806, 39 territories formed, under Napoleon’s protectorate, the Rheinbund (Rhine- Confederation) which was unwieldy and inefficient. The Vienna Congress in 1815 established the confederal Deutscher Bund, as suc- cessor of the Old Empire and with the Bundesrat (in Frankfurt) as the supreme but weak institution. Following a revolution in 1848, a constituent assembly (Frankfurter Paulskirche) established an alterna- tive structure (a democratic federation similar to the American model, but again with much weight given to the executives from the participating entities). Due to the resistance of Austria and Prussia, however, this model could not be realized. Political unification was then achieved under Prussia’s leadership in two subsequent steps: in 1867 Otto von Bismarck formed the Norddeutscher Bund, which then 151 Germany developed into the German Empire, with the larger states in south- ern Germany as additional members. The Empire was a federation of 25 states of which Prussia was the dominant entity.
    [Show full text]
  • European Autonomy and Diversity Papers
    CORE Metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk Provided by Directory of Open Access Journals European Diversity and Autonomy Papers EDAP 5/2006 The Paradox of Federal Bicameralism Giancarlo Doria www.eurac.edu/edap Managing editors: Emma Lantschner / Francesco Palermo / Gabriel N. Toggenburg Editorial Board: In alphabetical order: Craufurd Smith Rachel (University of Edinburgh, UK) Dani Marco (Università di Trento, I) De Witte Bruno (European University Institute, I) Gamper Anna (Universität Innsbruck, A) Henrard Kristin (University of Groningen, NL) Kujovich Gil (Vermont Law School, US) Kymlicka Will (Queens University, CAN) Marko Joseph (Universität Graz, A) Nic Shuibhne Niamh (University of Edinburgh, UK) Ortino Sergio (Università di Firenze, I) Packer John (Tufts University, US) Poggeschi Giovanni (Università di Lecce, I) Sasse Gwendolyn (London School of Economics, UK) Tarr William (Rutgers University, US) Teachout Peter (Vermont Law School, US) Toniatti Roberto (Università di Trento, I) Woelk Jens (Università di Trento, I) Assistant to the Managing editors: Paulina M. Borowska Europäische Akademie Bozen Accademia Europea Bolzano Drususallee, 1 Viale Druso, 1 39100 Bozen - Italien 39100 Bolzano - Italia Tel. +39 0471 055200 Tel. +39 0471 055200 Fax +39 0471 055299 Fax +39 0471 055299 [email protected] [email protected] www.eurac.edu/edap www.eurac.edu/edap Copyright Information: Any sort of reproduction - including excerpts - is permitted only when indicating the exact EDAP source. Please quote EDAP as indicated in the following example: Gabriel N. Toggenburg, “The Debate on European Values and the Case of Cultural Diversity”, 1 European Diversity and Autonomy Papers- EDAP (2004), 10, at www.eurac.edu/edap.
    [Show full text]
  • European Autonomy and Diversity Papers
    European Diversity and Autonomy Papers EDAP 5/2006 The Paradox of Federal Bicameralism Giancarlo Doria www.eurac.edu/edap Managing editors: Emma Lantschner / Francesco Palermo / Gabriel N. Toggenburg Editorial Board: In alphabetical order: Craufurd Smith Rachel (University of Edinburgh, UK) Dani Marco (Università di Trento, I) De Witte Bruno (European University Institute, I) Gamper Anna (Universität Innsbruck, A) Henrard Kristin (University of Groningen, NL) Kujovich Gil (Vermont Law School, US) Kymlicka Will (Queens University, CAN) Marko Joseph (Universität Graz, A) Nic Shuibhne Niamh (University of Edinburgh, UK) Ortino Sergio (Università di Firenze, I) Packer John (Tufts University, US) Poggeschi Giovanni (Università di Lecce, I) Sasse Gwendolyn (London School of Economics, UK) Tarr William (Rutgers University, US) Teachout Peter (Vermont Law School, US) Toniatti Roberto (Università di Trento, I) Woelk Jens (Università di Trento, I) Assistant to the Managing editors: Paulina M. Borowska Europäische Akademie Bozen Accademia Europea Bolzano Drususallee, 1 Viale Druso, 1 39100 Bozen - Italien 39100 Bolzano - Italia Tel. +39 0471 055200 Tel. +39 0471 055200 Fax +39 0471 055299 Fax +39 0471 055299 [email protected] [email protected] www.eurac.edu/edap www.eurac.edu/edap Copyright Information: Any sort of reproduction - including excerpts - is permitted only when indicating the exact EDAP source. Please quote EDAP as indicated in the following example: Gabriel N. Toggenburg, “The Debate on European Values and the Case of Cultural Diversity”, 1 European Diversity and Autonomy Papers- EDAP (2004), 10, at www.eurac.edu/edap. www.eurac.edu/edap Doria – The Paradox of Federal Bicameralism Abstract Although still regarded by many as an essential feature of a truly federal government, the institution of the federal chamber appears to be experiencing a deep crisis.
    [Show full text]