DOCSLIB.ORG

Maize in Thailand

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Maize in Thailand ISBN: 970-648-121-4 Benchaphun Ekasingh Phrek Gypmantasiri Kuson Thong-ngam Pichet Grudloyma Apdo. Postal 6-641, 06600 Mexico, D.F., Mexico www.cimmyt.org Maize in Thailand: Production Systems, Constraints, and Research Priorities Benchaphun Ekasingh1 Phrek Gypmantasiri1 Kuson Thong-ngam1 Pichet Grudloyma2 1 The Multiple Cropping Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Thailand. 2 Department of Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Agricultural Cooperatives, Thailand. CIMMYT® (www.cimmyt.org) is an inter nationally funded, not-for-profit organization that conducts research and training related to maize and wheat throughout the developing world. Drawing on strong science and effective partnerships, CIMMYT works to create, share, and use knowledge and technology to increase food security, improve the productivity and profitability of farming systems, and sustain natural resources. Financial support for CIMMYT’s work comes from many sources, including the members of the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR) (www.cgiar.org), national governments, foundations, development banks, and other public and private agencies. © International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) 2004. All rights reserved. The designations employed in the presentation of materials in this publication do not imply the expr ession of any opinion whatsoever on the part of CIMMYT or its contributory organizations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city, or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. CIMMYT encourages fair use of this material. Proper citation is requested. Correct citation: Ekasingh, B., P. Gypmantasiri, K. Thong-ngam, and P. Grudloyma. 2004. Maize in Thailand: Production Systems, Constraints, and Research Priorities. Mexico, D.F.: CIMMYT. ISBN: 970-648-121-4 AGROVOC descriptors: Seed production; Maize; Rice; Cassava; Sugar cane; Rubber tr ees; Food crops; Food security; Farming systems; Rural areas; Farmers; Poverty; Livestock management; Yield incr eases; Economic growth; Marketing; Environmental factors; Agricultural resources; Agricultural policies; International organizations; Project management; Thailand AGRIS category codes: E16 Production Economics F01 Crop Husbandry Dewey decimal classification: 633.1593 Printed in Mexico. iii Contents Page No. Tables ...................................................................................................................................... v Figures ..................................................................................................................................... vi Appendix ..................................................................................................................................... vi Acknowledgments ......................................................................................................................... vii Abstract ................................................................................................................................... viii 1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................. 1 1.1 Background .............................................................................................................................. 1 1.2 Objectives ................................................................................................................................ 1 1.3 Methodology ............................................................................................................................ 2 2. Description of Maize Agro-ecologies ..................................................................................... 4 2.1 General Topography .................................................................................................................. 4 2.2 Agro-Ecology Specific Maize Production Systems ..................................................................... 5 2.2.1 Rainfed uplands .............................................................................................................. 5 2.2.2 Rice-based irrigated agro-ecozones ................................................................................ 5 2.3 Biophysical Environment ........................................................................................................... 6 2.3.1 Climate .......................................................................................................................... 6 2.3.2 Soil types ....................................................................................................................... 6 2.4 Institutional Environment .......................................................................................................... 8 2.4.1 Line agency offices ......................................................................................................... 8 2.4.2 Cooperatives and user groups ........................................................................................ 8 2.4.3 Sources of material inputs .............................................................................................. 8 2.4.4 Credit institutions ........................................................................................................... 8 2.4.5 Prices of farm inputs and outputs ................................................................................... 8 2.5 Infrastructure ............................................................................................................................. 9 2.5.1 Accessibility status and irrigation facilities ...................................................................... 9 2.5.2 Post-harvest facilities ....................................................................................................10 2.5.3 Markets and marketing practices .................................................................................. 10 2.6 Socioeconomic Characteristics ................................................................................................10 2.6.1 Households and ethnicity ............................................................................................. 10 2.6.2 Literacy and level of education ..................................................................................... 10 2.6.3 Landholdings and tenure systems ................................................................................ 10 2.6.4 Utilization of maize .......................................................................................................11 2.6.5 Farmer types ................................................................................................................ 11 2.6.6 Poverty and level of income ......................................................................................... 11 iv 3. Maize Production Trends and Systems ................................................................................. 14 3.1 Maize Production Trends ......................................................................................................... 14 3.2 Maize Production Systems ...................................................................................................... 14 3.2.1 Major farm enterprises ................................................................................................. 14 3.2.2 Crops and cropping patterns ........................................................................................ 15 3.2.3 Maize cropping calendar .............................................................................................. 16 3.2.4 Maize varieties grown and farmers’ preferences ........................................................... 17 3.2.5 Land preparation and crop management practices ....................................................... 18 3.2.6 Labor use ..................................................................................................................... 19 3.2.7 Material input use ........................................................................................................ 19 3.2.8 Harvest and post-harvest practices ............................................................................... 20 3.2.9 Yields and reasons for yield gap ................................................................................... 20 4. Constraints to Increasing Maize Production Growth ............................................................ 22 4.1 Biotic and Abiotic Constraints ................................................................................................. 22 4.1.1 Major maize pests and diseases ................................................................................... 22 4.1.2 Soil fertility and crop management ............................................................................... 22 4.2 Institutional Constraints ........................................................................................................... 23 4.2.1 Information constraints ................................................................................................. 23 4.2.2 Labor and material inputs supply constraints ................................................................ 23 4.2.3 Credit sources and constraints ...................................................................................... 23 4.3 Other Constraints ...................................................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Integrated Water Resources Management of Maetang Sub
    lobal f G Ec o o Sucharidtham et al., J Glob Econ 2015, 3:3 l n a o n m DOI: 10.4172/2375-4389.1000150 r u i c o s J $ Journal of Global Economics ISSN: 2375-4389 Research Article OpenOpen Access Access Integrated Water Resources Management of Maetang Sub Watershed, Chiang Mai Province Thunyawadee Sucharidtham1*, Thanes Sriwichailamphan2 and Wichulada Matanboon3 1Department of Applied Economics, National Chung Hsing University, Taiwan 2School of Economics, Chiang Mai University, Thailand 3Social Research Institute, Chiang Mai University, Thailand Abstract Thailand has been managing water in order to solve the water problem in the country for a long time. In 2011, however, Thailand suffered a severe flood, and that means the country’s water management was not successful. Maetaeng watershed is another area that has been receiving a lot of funding to develop and solve the problem of water resources in the area continuously. Still, it was also found that the projects and budgets spent still cannot fix the problems of water resources in the area. This study aims to analyze the events, problems, and factors that can lead to the process development of integrated water resources management in Mae Taeng watershed area, Chiang Mai province. This qualitative study workshop was conducted by collecting basic information, setting a discussion panel for water users, and a workshop to brainstorm for the ideas of water management. The findings showed important factors positively affect the strength of the community, cooperation in water management of the community, and the sacrifices of strong community leaders. The negative impacts include the deforestation of certain ethnic groups, cultural diversity, a lack of awareness in the role of community leaders, as well as insufficient funding.
    [Show full text]
  • Thailand Singapore
    National State of Oceans and Coasts 2018: Blue Economy Growth THAILAND SINGAPORE National State of Oceans and Coasts 2018: Blue Economy Growth THAILAND National State of Oceans and Coasts 2018: Blue Economy Growth of Thailand July 2019 This publication may be reproduced in whole or in part and in any form for educational or non-profit purposes or to provide wider dissemination for public response, provided prior written permission is obtained from the PEMSEA Executive Director, acknowledgment of the source is made and no commercial usage or sale of the material occurs. PEMSEA would appreciate receiving a copy of any publication that uses this publication as a source. No use of this publication may be made for resale, any commercial purpose or any purpose other than those given above without a written agreement between PEMSEA and the requesting party. Published by Partnerships in Environmental Management for the Seas of East Asia (PEMSEA). Printed in Quezon City, Philippines PEMSEA and Department of Marine and Coastal Resources (DMCR, Thailand). 2019. National State of Oceans and Coasts 2018: Blue Economy Growth of Thailand. Partnerships in Environmental Management for the Seas of East Asia (PEMSEA), Quezon City, Philippines. 270 p. ISBN 978-971-812-056-9 The activities described in this report were made possible with the generous support from our sponsoring organizations - the Global Environment Facility (GEF) and United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). The contents of this publication do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of PEMSEA Country Partners and its other participating organizations. The designation employed and the presentation do not imply expression of opinion, whatsoever on the part of PEMSEA concerning the legal status of any country or territory, or its authority or concerning the delimitation of its boundaries.
    [Show full text]
  • Original Anothai.Pmd
    Chula Med J Vol. 64 No. 1 January - March 2020;29-37 DOI : 10.14456/clmj.2020.4 Original article Incidences and characteristics of monkey-related injuries among locals and tourists in Mueng District, Lopburi Province, 2013 - 2017 Anothai Juttuporna, Sarunya Hengprapromb*, Thanapoom Rattananupongb aProgram in Health Research and Management, Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand bDepartment of Preventive and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand Background: Conflicts between monkeys and humans are increasing, mainly because of urbanization and deforestation. Mueng district of Lopburi Province is one of the greatest conflict areas in Thailand, where public health concerns of zoonoses transmission from monkey - bites and scratches are high. Currently, there is no epidemiological research of monkey-related injuries in Thailand. Objectives: The purposes of this study were to determine the incidence of monkey-related injuries and investigate the trends and characteristics of the injured cases in Mueng District, Lopburi Province, in 2013 - 2017. Methods: A cross - sectional analytical study was conducted to compare monkey-related injuries and investigate the incidences between locals, Thai, and foreign tourists by collecting secondary data from medical records in 3 hospitals in the study area. The cumulative incidences were used to calculate relative risk between the tourists and the locals. The characteristics of the injury cases are presented by frequency and percentage. Results: Yearly incidences of locals, Thais, and foreign tourists were in the ranges of 9.16 - 18.33, 190.16 - 379.13, and 254.07 – 736.91 per 100,000 population, respectively. The trend of injury was remarkably higher in foreign tourists.
    [Show full text]
  • The Mineral Industry of Thailand in 2008
    2008 Minerals Yearbook THAILAND U.S. Department of the Interior August 2010 U.S. Geological Survey THE MINERAL INDUS T RY OF THAILAND By Lin Shi In 2008, Thailand was one of the world’s leading producers by 46% to 17,811 t from 32,921 t in 2007. Production of iron of cement, feldspar, gypsum, and tin. The country’s mineral ore and Fe content (pig iron and semimanufactured products) production encompassed metals, industrial minerals, and each increased by about 10% to 1,709,750 t and 855,000 t, mineral fuels (table 1; Carlin, 2009; Crangle, 2009; Potter, 2009; respectively; manganese output increased by more than 10 times van Oss, 2009). to 52,700 t from 4,550 t in 2007, and tungsten output increased by 52% to 778 t from 512 t in 2007 (table 1). Minerals in the National Economy Among the industrial minerals, production of sand, silica, and glass decreased by 41%; that of marble, dimension stone, and Thailand’s gross domestic product (GDP) in 2008 was fragment, by 22%; and pyrophyllite, by 74%. Production of ball valued at $274 billion, and the annual GDP growth rate was clay increased by 166% to 1,499,993 t from 563,353 t in 2007; 2.6%. The growth rate of the mining sector’s portion of the calcite and dolomite increased by 22% each; crude petroleum GDP increased by 0.6% compared with that of 2007, and that oil increased by 9% to 53,151 barrels (bbl) from 48,745 bbl in of the manufacturing sector increased by 3.9%.
    [Show full text]
  • Do You Want to Travel Different? 50 Great Great 50 Green Escapes Green Become a Green Traveller Today
    THAILAND DO YOU WANT TO TRAVEL DIFFERENT? 50 GREAT GREEN ESCAPES BECOME A GREEN TRAVELLER TODAY By visiting the destinations highlighted in this guidebook, and by reporting your impressions and comments to www.tourismthailand.org/7greens you will help the Tourism Authority of Thailand promote and preserve the country’s natural wonders. THANK YOU FOR YOUR SUPPORT. Become a Green Traveller Today Tourism Authority of Thailand Published and distributed by Tourism Authority of Thailand Attractions Promotion Division Product Promotion Department. Editor: Richard Werly / AsieInfo Ltd, ITF Silom Palace, 163/658 Silom Road, Bangkok 10500. Producer: Titaya Jenny Nilrungsee Assistant editor: Thanutvorn Jaturongkavanich Assistant producer: Janepoom Chetuphon Design & Artwork: Tistaya Nakneam Writer: Chandra Hope Heartland Special Thanks: Simon Bowring, TAT Photo Bank, Solomon Kane Copyright © 2010 Tourism Authority of Thailand. Thailand Tourism Awards (www.tourismthailand.org/tourismawards) All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording or any other information storage and retrieval system without prior permission in writing from Tourism Authority of Thailand. ISBN: 978-974-679-200-4 Printed in Thailand by Amarin Printing and Publishing Public Company Limited. Seven The production of this book was done in strict compliance with forward thinking environmental the initiatives from the team. It was created using recyclable environmentally
    [Show full text]
  • Health Alert – US Embassy Bangkok, Thailand (May 25, 2021)
    Health Alert – U.S. Embassy Bangkok, Thailand (May 25, 2021) Location: Thailand Event: Vaccine Registration for Foreign Nationals Opens June 7 The Center for COVID-19 Situation Administration (CCSA) announced on May 21 that registration for the Royal Thai Government’s (RTG) mass vaccination campaign, which includes foreign nationals, will begin June 7, 2021. Vaccinations given through this campaign are free and U.S. citizens may not have a choice regarding the brand of the vaccine they receive. The RTG has approved the following vaccines for use in Thailand: AstraZeneca, Moderna, and Johnson & Johnson and Sinovac Biotech. Currently, the RTG only has AstraZeneca and Sinovac Biotech available for use and is working to import the other approved vaccines. U.S. citizens will be able to register on-site at vaccination centers or at a hospital which has your health records by using (1) Thai social security numbers, which are associated with Thai work permits, or (2) your passport. For Bangkok residents, if you do not have medical records or history with a specific hospital you can register at the following locations: · Vimut Hospital: 500 Phahonyothin Rd., Samsen Noi, Phaya Thai, Bangkok 10400; tel: 02-079-0000. · Bangrak Vaccination and Health Centre: Bangrak Health Centre, 11th Fl., 9 South Sathorn Rd., Yan Nawa, Sathon, Bangkok 10120; tel: 02-286- 2468. · Other facilities designated by the Council of University Presidents (information pending). For U.S. citizens living outside of Bangkok, the Ministry of Public Health has designated hospitals where foreign nationals have registered health records. U.S. citizens should contact their physician or medical service provider for more information.
    [Show full text]
  • • Ceramics from Muang Phan, Chiang Rai Province
    CERAMICS FROM MUANG PHAN, CHIANG RAI PROVINCE by John N. Miksic* The ceramic tradition of northern Thailand bas been a subject of interest to art historians and archeologists, among others, for some time. The development of ceramic technology and products, including high-fired stonewares, is closely linked to the political development of the northern Thai states. The warfare and unstable economic conditions of the late fourteenth and early fifteenth centuries A.D., consequent on • the struggles among several Thai kingdoms, are clearly correlated with the end of ceramic manufacture at the Sawankhalok and Sukbothai kilns. A number of kilns in the provinces of Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai and Lampang seem to have been built at that time, perhaps by potters who were seeking refuge from Ayutthayan invaders (Kraisri 1960: 18)2• Eventually it may be possible to write a comprehensive analysis of the development of Thai ceramics before and after the decline of Sukhothai influence in the late fourteenth ceo tury. It may be assumed that the political events of the time played nearly as important a role in shaping ceramic development as did the hands of the potters themselves. A clear picture of the course of ceramic development in the region, * Department of Anthropology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 1485 3, USA. 1. The author wishes to acknowledge the contributions of Mr. Edward DeBruyn, who took the photographs which accompany this article, and of Miss Cynthia Mason, who made the drawings. The author is also indebted to Mr. Dean Frasche, Dr. Barbara Harrisson, Dr. Stanley J. O'Connor, and Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Beaulieu Antoine 2017 Thesis.Pdf
    Farmers’ Responses to Drivers of Forest Cover Change The Case of Mae Chaem District, Thailand By Antoine Beaulieu Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies for the Completion of Requirements to Obtain a Master of Arts in Geography Department of Geography, Environment and Geomatics Faculty of Arts University of Ottawa © Antoine Beaulieu, Ottawa, Canada, 2017 ABSTRACT Empirical forest transition (shift from deforestation to reforestation) literature has historically struggled to establish a single universally-accepted forest transition “theory” due to various knowledge gaps hindering any efforts to do so. One such gap is the fact that very few studies have focused on how and why smallholder farmers respond to commonly accepted forest transition drivers, as well as how these responses impact forest cover and agricultural trends. Also, there remain many parts of the world where forest cover evolution has been insufficiently researched, as is the case of Mae Chaem district (Chiang Mai province, Thailand). Even though there are studies which claim forest loss occurred in the district between the 1990s and mid-2000s, there are few available records of forest cover evolution since then. To address these research needs, this thesis used secondary literature and spatial data, as well as semi-structured interviews and personal observations gathered during fieldwork in Mae Chaem district. It was first determined that forest cover in the district decreased between the 1990s and mid-2010s due to agricultural expansion. However, it appears that forest cover is expected to increase from 2016 to 2021 due to more strictly- enforced conservation measures set in motion by the Mae Chaem Model (a state-sponsored sustainable development model).
    [Show full text]
  • Lowland Festivities in a Highland Society: Songkran in the Palaung Village of Pang Daeng Nai, Thailand1
    ➔CMU. Journal (2005) Vol. 4(1) 71 Lowland Festivities in a Highland Society: Songkran in the Palaung Village of Pang Daeng Nai, Thailand1 Sean Ashley* Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada *Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT In this article, I examine the celebration of Songkran in the Palaung village of Pang Daeng Nai in northern Thailand. The Palaung, a Mon-Khmer speaking people from Burma, have a long tradition of Theravada Buddhism which can be seen in a number of rituals and ceremonies associated with Songkran. While the Palaung have acquired both Buddhism and the Songkran festival from neighboring lowland populations, many practices and beliefs have taken on a local character in the process of transmission. In my paper, I discuss the similarities and differences between Palaung and lowland Tai Songkran ritual observances, particularly with regards to the annual song krau ceremony, a village-wide exorcism/blessing which coincides with the festival. Key words: Songkran festival, Song krau ceremony, Buddhism INTRODUCTION “True ‘Hill People’ are never Buddhists” (Leach, 1960). So wrote Edmund Leach in a paper describing the differences between highland minority groups in Burma and their lowland Tai2 and Burmese neighbors. This understanding of highlander culture is widespread and most studies on highland religion use Buddhism simply as grounds for comparison or ignore its influence on highland traditions altogether. In fact, both highlanders and lowlanders share an “animistic” worldview (Spiro, 1967; Terweil, 1994), but it is not my intention to deny that Theravada Buddhism, a ubiquitous facet of life in the lowlands, is largely absent from highland cultures.
    [Show full text]
  • Chiang Mai Lampang Lamphun Mae Hong Son Contents Chiang Mai 8 Lampang 26 Lamphun 34 Mae Hong Son 40
    Chiang Mai Lampang Lamphun Mae Hong Son Contents Chiang Mai 8 Lampang 26 Lamphun 34 Mae Hong Son 40 View Point in Mae Hong Son Located some 00 km. from Bangkok, Chiang Mai is the principal city of northern Thailand and capital of the province of the same name. Popularly known as “The Rose of the North” and with an en- chanting location on the banks of the Ping River, the city and its surroundings are blessed with stunning natural beauty and a uniquely indigenous cultural identity. Founded in 12 by King Mengrai as the capital of the Lanna Kingdom, Chiang Mai has had a long and mostly independent history, which has to a large extent preserved a most distinctive culture. This is witnessed both in the daily lives of the people, who maintain their own dialect, customs and cuisine, and in a host of ancient temples, fascinating for their northern Thai architectural Styles and rich decorative details. Chiang Mai also continues its renowned tradition as a handicraft centre, producing items in silk, wood, silver, ceramics and more, which make the city the country’s top shopping destination for arts and crafts. Beyond the city, Chiang Mai province spreads over an area of 20,000 sq. km. offering some of the most picturesque scenery in the whole Kingdom. The fertile Ping River Valley, a patchwork of paddy fields, is surrounded by rolling hills and the province as a whole is one of forested mountains (including Thailand’s highest peak, Doi Inthanon), jungles and rivers. Here is the ideal terrain for adventure travel by trekking on elephant back, river rafting or four-wheel drive safaris in a natural wonderland.
    [Show full text]
  • Sukhothai Phitsanulok Phetchabun Sukhothai Historical Park CONTENTS
    UttaraditSukhothai Phitsanulok Phetchabun Sukhothai Historical Park CONTENTS SUKHOTHAI 8 City Attractions 9 Special Events 21 Local Products 22 How to Get There 22 UTTARADIT 24 City Attractions 25 Out-Of-City Attractions 25 Special Events 29 Local Products 29 How to Get There 29 PHITSANULOK 30 City Attractions 31 Out-Of-City Attractions 33 Special Events 36 Local Products 36 How to Get There 36 PHETCHABUN 38 City Attractions 39 Out-Of-City Attractions 39 Special Events 41 Local Products 43 How to Get There 43 Sukhothai Sukhothai Uttaradit Phitsanulok Phetchabun Phra Achana, , Wat Si Chum SUKHOTHAI Sukhothai is located on the lower edge of the northern region, with the provincial capital situated some 450 kms. north of Bangkok and some 350 kms. south of Chiang Mai. The province covers an area of 6,596 sq. kms. and is above all noted as the centre of the legendary Kingdom of Sukhothai, with major historical remains at Sukhothai and Si Satchanalai. Its main natural attraction is Ramkhamhaeng National Park, which is also known as ‘Khao Luang’. The provincial capital, sometimes called New Sukhothai, is a small town lying on the Yom River whose main business is serving tourists who visit the Sangkhalok Museum nearby Sukhothai Historical Park. CITY ATTRACTIONS Ramkhamhaeng National Park (Khao Luang) Phra Mae Ya Shrine Covering the area of Amphoe Ban Dan Lan Situated in front of the City Hall, the Shrine Hoi, Amphoe Khiri Mat, and Amphoe Mueang houses the Phra Mae Ya figure, in ancient of Sukhothai Province, this park is a natural queen’s dress, said to have been made by King park with historical significance.
    [Show full text]
  • Map of Mae Hong Son & Khun Yuam District Directions
    1 ชุดฝึกทักษะการอ่านภาษาอังกฤษเพื่อความเข้าใจ ส าหรับนักเรียนชั้นมัธยมศึกษาปีที่ 4 เรื่อง Welcome to Khun Yuam เล่ม 1 How to Get to Khun Yuam ค าแ นะน าในการใช้ ช ุด ฝ ึ ก ทักษะส าหรั บ ค ร ู เมื่อครูผู้สอนได้น าชุดฝึกทักษะไปใช้ควรปฏิบัติ ดังนี้ 1. ทดสอบความรู้ก่อนเรียน เพอื่ วดั ความรู้พ้นื ฐานของนกั เรียนแตล่ ะคน 2. ดา เนินการจดั กิจกรรมการเรียนการสอน โดยใช้ชุดฝึกทกั ษะการอ่านภาษาองั กฤษเพื่อความ เข้าใจ ควบคูไ่ ปกบั แผนการจดั การเรียนรู้ ช้นั มธั ยมศึกษาปีที่ 4 3. หลงั จากไดศ้ ึกษาเน้ือหาแลว้ ใหน้ กั เรียน ตอบคา ถามเพอื่ ประเมินความรู้แตล่ ะเรื่อง 4. ควรใหน้ กั เรียนปฏิบตั ิกิจกรรมตามชุดฝึกทกั ษะการอ่านภาษาองั กฤษเพื่อความเข้าใจ โดยครูดูแลและใหค้ า แนะนา อยา่ งใกลช้ ิด 5. ใหน้ กั เรียนตรวจสอบคา เฉลยทา้ ยเล่ม เมื่อนกั เรียนทา กิจกรรมตามชุดฝึกทักษะจบแล้วเพื่อ ทราบผลการเรียนรู้ของตนเอง 6. ทดสอบความรู้หลังเรียน หลังจากที่นักเรียนทา ชุดฝึกทักษะจบแล้วด้วยการทาแบบทดสอบ หลังเรียน 7. ใช้เป็นสื่อการสอนสาหรับครู 8. ใช้เป็นแบบเรียนที่ให้นักเรียนได้เรียนรู้ และซ่อมเสริมความรู้ตนเองท้งั ในและนอกเวลาเรียน 2 ชุดฝึกทักษะการอ่านภาษาอังกฤษเพื่อความเข้าใจ ส าหรับนักเรียนชั้นมัธยมศึกษาปีที่ 4 เรื่อง Welcome to Khun Yuam เล่ม 1 How to Get to Khun Yuam คาแ นะน าในการใช้ชุดฝึ กทักษะส าหรับนักเรียน ชุดฝึกทกั ษะการอ่านภาษาองั กฤษเพื่อความเข้าใจ สา หรับนกั เรียนช้นั มธั ยมศึกษาปีที่ 4 เรื่อง Welcome to Khun Yuam เล่ม 1 เรื่อง How to Get to Khun Yuam จานวน 3 ชว่ั โมง คาชี้แจง ใหน้ กั เรียนปฏิบตั ิตามข้นั ตอนดงั น้ี 1. ศึกษารายละเอียดลักษณะของชุดฝึกทกั ษะการอ่านภาษาองั กฤษเพอื่ ความเข้าใจ พร้อม ท้งั ปฏิบตั ิตามข้นั ตอนในแตล่ ะหนา้ 2. นักเรียนทา ชุดฝึกทกั ษะการอ่านภาษาองั
    [Show full text]