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CNS Newsletter March 2015 Volume 8, Issue 1

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CNS Newsletter March 2015 Volume 8, Issue 1 CNSNewsletter March 2015 Topic 1 March 2015 – Volume 08, Issue 01 For more information visit page 12! www.medical-neurosciences.de 2 Editorial CNSNewsletter March 2015 Page 3–21 FOCUS Laugh for the Sake of Science 3 Inherently Amused th 4 Taking Laughter Seriously 2015 brings us the 20 issue since the CNS Newsletter’s re- launch and what a fun issue we have for you! We always like 5 Who Started Laughing First? to take things lightly here at the newsletter, and this time, 5 Laughing at Ourselves and Others we’ve made comedy our focus as we delve into the relation- 6 Humor in the Body: But Not the Aqueous Type! ship between humor and the brain. It seems like January 1st was just yesterday, but we’re al- 7 Laughter As An Exercise ready approaching another annual milestone – April Fools’ 8 A Fake Laugh Can’t Fool Your Brain! day is just around the corner. For ideas on how to fool 8 Brain Networks for Ticklish, Taunting or Joyful Laughter your friends (or, dare we say, your professors), read about the elaborate hoaxes concocted in the past by the likes of 9 Irony and Sarcasm in the Brain Google and the BBC. 9 What Makes Us Gloat? That’s not to say that there’s nothing here for the no- 10 The Last Laugh in the Animal Kingdom nonsense neuroscientist (try saying that five times fast). 11 How is Ticklishness Coded in the Brain? What’s more serious than discussing science with a Nobel laureate? Read our interview with Professor Thomas Südhof 12 Brain Awareness Week 2015 to learn about his views on the scientific publication system. 14 When Laughing Is Not Funny: Pseudobulbar Affect People tickling rats while monitoring their brain activity? 14 Are You Kidding Me? Surely a hoax, right? Wrong, it’s being done, and not just for laughs. Shimpei Ishiyama tells us how he explores the neu- 15 The Last Laugh, Literally ral correlates of ticklishness. 15 Epidemic Laughter: An Extreme Example of Human Empathy? The Brain Awareness Week (BAW), an annual highlight, 16 Glory with the Silly Bits Left In takes place between the 16th and 20nd of March. Inside, you’ll find information on the initiative and a list of BAW events 17 This Is Why We Can’t Research Nice Things taking place in Berlin. Speaking of raising awareness, we 17 April Fools’ Day ask our readers to consider supporting Claris Diaz: De- 18 Laughing from the Frontal Lobe spite suffering from Moyamoya disease, she’s running the 18 Go Ahead, Tickle Someone; It’s for Their Own Good Berlin Half-Marathon to raise funds for stroke research (www.justgiving.com/Claris-Diaz1/). 19 Humor from a Transcultural Perspective Our team is always changing; we’re sorry to see Veronika 19 Science Meets Comedy Lang, our Dr. Hairbrained, leaving us (we’ll have someone 21 Laughter is Good for You new answering all your questions soon). Thanks to James Kerr for helping us with proofreading this issue, and many Page 20 Research on Researchers thanks to our wonderful authors! Thomas Südhof So, whether you’re toiling over the microscope or revis- Page 22 Brain in Press ing that manuscript for the umpteenth time, sit back, relax, and enjoy this marvelous issue (not for long though, science isn’t going to advance itself). Page 24 News in Brief & Whazzup? Enjoy reading! Page 24 Imprint Apoorva Rajiv Madipakkam and Ahmed Khalil, Editors-in-Chief Contest We are always interested in including your contributions. This issue’s winner is Mariana You can submit anything you see fit on the topic of neuro- Cerdeira who contributed two ex- science. Send us your most exciting microscopic pictures, cellent articles which should not be a creative photo, thoughts on neuroscience or self-written missed on the theories and physi- poems – whatever comes to mind! The best contribution ology of humor in ‘Taking Laughter will be published and rewarded with the book “Advice Seriously’ and ‘Humor in the Body: For A Young Investigator”. So, what are you waiting But Not the Aqueous Type!’ Thank for? Start the engine of your mind and get going! Trust you very much for your contribu- us, it is worth participating! Send your contribution to tion! [email protected] to win. Deadline for submission for the next issue: April 30, 2015. 2015 International Graduate Program Medical Neurosciences CNSNewsletter March 2015 FOCUS 3 Inherently Amused The Development of Humor in Infants and Children Although a sense of humor can be ob- stand false belief, an important lesson the age of five, the importance of an served from an early age, it remains enabling us to tell jokes from lies [4,7]. audience in humor becomes increas- largely unknown why certain things Understanding the jokes of others helps ingly important. At this age, we start to make babies and children laugh. What us learn how to tell jokes ourselves and laugh less while alone but significantly is it to our young brains that is so funny, puts humor in an active rather than a more in the presence of others [4]. and how does our sense of humor de- reactionary context. Meanwhile, children also begin to find velop throughout our lives? more value in friendships and bonding “Babies laugh when they with peers than they did in their toddler Hardwired Humor get the joke.” [8] years [4]. Inside jokes and provocative Before we can even talk or use hand taboos emerge out of our bonds with gestures, we smile and laugh as infants. Peek-a-boo! Laughter and Learning others, making words and situations Within weeks after birth, babies smile Although there are many theories that are not obviously humorous be- spontaneously and at 3 months ba- about the origins of humor, scientists come hilarious. As we mature, there is bies engage in social smiling, a type of have posited that events become funny a shift in the purpose of humor from an smile that is caused by obvious exter- when they are surprising in the context expression of mere amusement to an nal stimuli [1]. Researchers have found of our understanding of the world [3,4]. intentional, social behavior. that even infants born with microen- Most of us are familiar with a younger Complex humor involves a high cephaly smile as much as, if not more, cousin or sibling who just could not get degree of fluency in language, an un- than healthy newborns, suggesting over how hilarious it is to play peek- derstanding of social situations and that smiling is hardwired in the primi- a-boo or wear a pair of underwear on advanced cognitive functioning that de- tive structures of the brain [1]. Laugh- their head, whereas adults do not find velops as we learn and age. From child- ing emerges around 4 months of age in these activities quite as side-splitting. hood to adolescence, humor transforms typically developing children, and is of- The growth of our sense of humor par- from an expression of quizzical joy into ten used as a metric of cognitive devel- allels our understanding of the world. a social lubricant. This phenomenon opment as its onset may be delayed in To young children the unexpected or in- fully manifests by adulthood, when children with intellectual disability [2]. congruous, such as a face popping out many of us find ourselves laughing at While the world is still brand new to from behind two hands in peek-a-boo, is our bosses’ stale jokes or for no reason us during infancy, we use our caregiv- still a completely comical surprise. at all during an awkward pause. It is evi- ers’ behavior to judge whether situ- Although incongruence can incite dent that our humor indeed becomes ations are smile, laugh or cry worthy. humor in people of all ages, its effects more sophisticated as we age, but that Around 6 months of age, infants will are most obvious in our youth [4]. Dr. it also transforms into something en- look to their parents’ face before react- Caspar Addyman observed that simple tirely different from what it was in our ing to an ambiguous event and subse- visual and tactile stimulation makes ba- younger years. quently mirror their parent’s reaction; if bies laugh, whereas older toddlers and the parents laugh, then the baby laughs children require more involved social [ 1] Messinger and Fogel, Adv Child Dev [3]. Researchers have speculated that games [5]. Simply looking in the mir- Behav, 2007 humor is not only a method of learning ror can cause an infant to laugh at the [2] MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia: about the safety of a situation, but that stranger behind the glass, while older http://1.usa.gov/1zjxk6s it also motivates personal interaction children simply see their reflection. Ad- [3] Mireault et al, Infant Behav Dev, 2012 and facilitates parental care [1,4,5]. Our dyman attributes this phenomenon to [4] Cunningham and Scarlett, Children’s humor may emerge out of an instinct the fact that most babies cannot recog- Play, 2004 to learn social behaviors and create a nize themselves in the mirror until they [5] Addyman and Addyman, The bond of trust with our caregivers. are over a year old, and the mirroring science of baby laughter, Comedy An early step in the development of of their expressions by their reflection Studies, 2013 our sense of humor is comprehending breaks social conventions that babies [6] Hoicka and Gattis, Cognitive Dev, that others have a similar mental pres- have just become familiar with [5,8].
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