DOCSLIB.ORG

The Genus Ravenelia (Pucciniales) in South Africa

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Genus Ravenelia (Pucciniales) in South Africa Mycological Progress (2020) 19:259–290 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11557-020-01556-w ORIGINAL ARTICLE The genus Ravenelia (Pucciniales) in South Africa Malte Ebinghaus1 & M. J. Wingfield2 & D. Begerow1 & W. Maier3 Received: 23 August 2019 /Revised: 30 December 2019 /Accepted: 2 January 2020 # The Author(s) 2020 Abstract The genus Ravenelia represents the third largest genus of rust fungi and parasitizes a great number of leguminous shrubs and trees, mainly in the subtropics and tropics. Molecular phylogenetic analyses of this genus using nc 28S rDNA and CO3 sequences are presented with a special focus on South African representatives of Ravenelia. Many of the specimens had been collected by us in recent years, mainly from acacia species of the genera Vachellia and Senegalia. Morphological characters were extensively studied using light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The analyses resolved several well-supported phylogenetic groups. By linking these groups to their morphology and life cycle characteristics, it was possible to interpret the outcomes in terms of their evolutionary ecology and biogeography. Several characters previously used to define subgeneric groups within Ravenelia were found to be misleading because of assumed convergent evolution. However, host associations, the ability to induce aecial galls as well as the development of two-layered probasidial cells emerged as useful criteria for inferring mono- phyletic groups. Six novel Ravenelia species were discovered and described. Furthermore, five species represent new reports for South Africa, species descriptions were emended for two taxa, and a new host report emerged for R. inornata. Keywords Pucciniales . Raveneliaceae . Ravenelia moloto sp. nov. Ravenelia molopa sp. nov. Ravenelia modjadji sp. nov . Ravenelia doidgeae sp. nov. Ravenelia spinifera sp. nov. Ravenelia dumeti sp. nov. Phylogeny . Diversity study Introduction Sphaeria epiphylla Schwein. collected on Tephrosia virginiana (L.) Pers. in South Carolina and the newly described R. indica In 1853,BerkeleyintroducedthegenusRavenelia within the rust Berk. found on pods of an unidentified acacia. Later then Dietel fungi (Pucciniales). The genus initially comprised two species: correctly recombined the type species R. glandulosa to R. R. glandulosa Berk. & M.A. Curtis, which was transferred from epiphylla (Schwein.) Dietel (Dietel 1894). In subsequent years, many additional Ravenelia species were found throughout the tropics and subtropics and today, some 200 species are described This article is part of the topical collection on Basidiomycote Mycology in (Hernández and Hennen 2002,CumminsandHiratsuka2003). honor of Franz Oberwinkler who passed away in March 2018 Ravenelia thus became the third most species-rich rust fungal Section Editor: Meike Piepenbring genus after Puccinia and Uromyces. All known species of Ravenelia are confined to a great diver- Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s11557-020-01556-w) contains supplementary sity of Fabaceae residing in all three traditionally recognized material, which is available to authorized users. subfamilies (Mimosoideae, Faboideae, Caesalpinioideae) (Hennen et al. 2005). The most prominent morphological fea- * Malte Ebinghaus tures that are shared by all species of Ravenelia are the multicel- [email protected] lular teliospores, which are borne on compound pedicels com- posed of two to several hyphae. These spores have an ellipsoidal, 1 AG Geobotanik, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany reniform, or almost hemispherical shape in side view and bear a 2 FABI Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, University variable number of pendent hygroscopic cysts. Other characters of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa include spermogonia of type 5 and 7 (Cummins and Hiratsuka 3 Institute for Epidemiology and Pathogen Diagnostics, Federal 2003)butthesearecommonlyabsent. Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Julius Kühn-Institut, All species of Ravenelia are autoecious and their life cycles Braunschweig, Germany range from macro- and demi to hemi-, and more rarely to 260 Mycol Progress (2020) 19:259–290 microcyclic (Cummins and Hiratsuka 2003). The aecial stage conflicts when applying the taxonomic system for of several macrocyclic Ravenelia spp. can easily be recog- Ravenelia proposed by Sydow (1921), we mapped his sug- nized in the field by their ability to induce galls and witches’ gested nomenclatural system to the phylogenetic recon- brooms in host tissues. Another special feature is the produc- structions and discussed these outcomes. tion of uredinoid aecia in numerous species of Ravenelia (Cummins 1959; Cummins and Hiratsuka 2003). The morphological diversity and the variability of Material and methods Ravenelia life cycles prompted mycologists early in the twen- tieth century to establish sections (Long 1903; Dietel 1906) or Specimens examined even to split this genus into several distinct genera (Sydow and Sydow 1915; Sydow 1921). The most sophisticated tax- The specimens used for the molecular phylogenetic and onomic system for Ravenelia was proposed by Sydow (1921) morphological analyses were collected during several field distinguishing eight genera based on teliospore traits in com- surveys from 2004 to 2015 in South Africa. In addition, we bination with observed life cycles. Details of the competing considered 13 herbarium specimens from BPI originating taxonomic systems are summarized in Table S1. However, a from North and South America as well as DNA sequences broad genus concept of Ravenelia comprising all these sug- downloaded from GenBank (see Table 1). Freshly collect- gested genera or sections (within one genus) remains most ed material was immediately dried between paper sheets in widely accepted (compare Cummins and Hiratsuka 2003). aplantpressanddepositedafterdeterminationatthe More than 500 rust species are known from South Africa National Collections of Fungi (PREM) in Roodeplaat, (Crous et al. 2006), making this country relatively well explored South Africa, and the herbarium of the Natural History for these fungi in comparison with other countries in Africa. Museum in Karlsruhe (KR), Germany. In total, 91 speci- Most contributions to the collection and description of rust fungi mens representing 44 Ravenelia species and three outgroup in South Africa are attributed to the investigations of Ethel M. species were included in the molecular phylogenetic anal- Doidge during the first half of the twentieth century. In her last yses and all of them were examined microscopically. For comprehensive species list of southern African rust fungi, she comparative purposes, additional 32 specimens comprising mentioned 24 Ravenelia species eight of which she described 15 type specimens deposited at PREM were examined only (Doidge 1927, 1939, 1950). The most recent species list was microscopically. All specimens investigated in this study published by van Reenen (1995)butnearlyexclusivelyrelied are listed in Table 1. on literature data provided by Doidge. Due to changes in political borders, two species each now only occur in Mozambique (R. Light- and electron microscopic investigations deformans and R. le-testui)andZimbabwe(R. indigoferae and R. bottomleyae)respectively,whileR. baumiana was recorded only The spores from plant material were scraped from the infected from Angola. Two rusts, R. atrides and R. bottomleyae,were tissues using sterile insect needles and mounted in lactophenol transferred to the genera Uredopeltis (Wood 2007)and solution on microscope slides. Light microscopic examina- Spumula (Thirumalachar 1946), respectively. Wood (2006)re- tions were made using a Zeiss Axioplan light microscope corded R. ornata for the first time in South Africa and Ebinghaus (Carl Zeiss Microscopy, Jena, Germany) with a Color View et al. (2018) described R. xanthophloeae on the Vachellia microscope camera (Olympus Soft Imaging System, Münster, xanthophloea.Thus,19Ravenelia species are currently known Germany) and a Zeiss Axio Imager M2 microscope with an for South Africa. Axiocam 506 camera (both Carl Zeiss Microscopy, Jena, During the course of recent surveys, aiming at re- Germany). Morphological characteristics were measured collecting the majority of Ravenelia species from South using Cell^D v. 3.1 imaging software (Olympus Soft Africa and especially at investigating all known Acacia Imaging Solutions GmbH, Münster, Germany) and Zen2 s.l. for potential rust infections, we have collected numer- Blue Edition v.2.3 (Carl Zeiss Microscopy GmbH, Jena, ous specimens from acacias and fabaceous plants. The Germany). The specimens comprising Ravenelia albizziicola overarching aims were to re-evaluate the species diversity (PREM40295), R. baumiana (PREM50553, PREM29870, and systematics of Ravenelia rusts in South Africa by PREM6886), R. elephantorhizae (PREM8955), R. using microscopic investigations and molecular phyloge- escharoides (PREM534), R. glabra (PREM2375, netic techniques. For a better understanding of the phylog- PREM10698), R. halsei (PREM30117, PREM50751), eny of the genus as a whole also species mainly from the R. inornata (PREM2368, PREM2541, PREM20734), Neotropics were investigated. The emerging phylogenetic R. minima (PREM30779, PREM10697), R. modesta clades were interpreted using aspects of biogeographical (PREM34572, PREM30110), R. natalensis (PREM2514, distributions, life cycle traits,andhostassociationsaswell PREM1935), R. peglerae (PREM2544, PREM5626, as morphological
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Vascular Plant Survey of Vwaza Marsh Wildlife Reserve, Malawi
    YIKA-VWAZA TRUST RESEARCH STUDY REPORT N (2017/18) Vascular Plant Survey of Vwaza Marsh Wildlife Reserve, Malawi By Sopani Sichinga ([email protected]) September , 2019 ABSTRACT In 2018 – 19, a survey on vascular plants was conducted in Vwaza Marsh Wildlife Reserve. The reserve is located in the north-western Malawi, covering an area of about 986 km2. Based on this survey, a total of 461 species from 76 families were recorded (i.e. 454 Angiosperms and 7 Pteridophyta). Of the total species recorded, 19 are exotics (of which 4 are reported to be invasive) while 1 species is considered threatened. The most dominant families were Fabaceae (80 species representing 17. 4%), Poaceae (53 species representing 11.5%), Rubiaceae (27 species representing 5.9 %), and Euphorbiaceae (24 species representing 5.2%). The annotated checklist includes scientific names, habit, habitat types and IUCN Red List status and is presented in section 5. i ACKNOLEDGEMENTS First and foremost, let me thank the Nyika–Vwaza Trust (UK) for funding this work. Without their financial support, this work would have not been materialized. The Department of National Parks and Wildlife (DNPW) Malawi through its Regional Office (N) is also thanked for the logistical support and accommodation throughout the entire study. Special thanks are due to my supervisor - Mr. George Zwide Nxumayo for his invaluable guidance. Mr. Thom McShane should also be thanked in a special way for sharing me some information, and sending me some documents about Vwaza which have contributed a lot to the success of this work. I extend my sincere thanks to the Vwaza Research Unit team for their assistance, especially during the field work.
    [Show full text]
  • SUST Repository
    Sudan University of Science and Technology College of Science Department of Chemistry Phytochemical Screening of the Bark of acacia polycanthia (Kakmot) and Isolation Tannin from it A thesis Submitted in partial fulfillment for the Requirement of the degree of Bachelor By: 1. Sayda Gasm Elseed Ibrahim 2. Wafaa Babeker Basher 3. Wesal Elamir Abdalla Supervisor: Mohamed Sulieman Ali October 2016 اﻵﯾــــــــﺔ 8 7 ¿ ¾ ½ ¼ » º ¹ ¸ ¶ µ M L Á À ﺻﺪق اﷲ اﻟﻌﻈﯿﻢ اﻟﻮاﻗﻌﺔ: ٧١ - ٧٢ Dedication: To our respective parents To our family II Acknowledgement First of all, we would like to thank Allah for given us strength, blessing and courage during this study and during all of our life,, Special thank go to our supervisor Dr: Mohammed Sulieman Ali for his generous guidance and encouragement. His critical reading and questioning of our work has been a stimulus during field work planning thesis writing. We are grateful to him. Our great thanks and appreciation to Uz . Shamseldain Omer who keep supporting and encouraging us along our study up to date, and was always available for helping and advising us when we need,, We sincerely thank also our brothers, sisters and friends for words of encouragement during our study,, In general, we thank all those who helped us in Under taking and successful completion of this thesis We would like to express our great thank and much appreciation to all Chemistry Department Family who keep supporting, and helping us and always available for us and hoping the best for us,,, Last but not least, Sudan University for Science and Technology for giving us the opportunity of holding B.Sc (Honor degree) Above all, Allah for wonderful love and blessings in our achievements,,, III Abstract The objective of this research is study the phytochemical screen to the bark of Accia polycanthia kakamout tree to know it is chemical composition and extract the active material by using maceration way and using the IR spectrum technique to detect the main composition of tannin which extracted from the bark of kakamout tree.
    [Show full text]
  • A Contemporary Assessment of Tree Species in Sathyamangalam Tiger Reserve, Southern India
    Proceedings of the International Academy of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, 2017, 7(2): 30-46 Article A contemporary assessment of tree species in Sathyamangalam Tiger Reserve, Southern India M. Sathya, S. Jayakumar Environmental Informatics and Spatial Modeling Lab, Department of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry 605014, India E-mail: [email protected] Received 28 December 2016; Accepted 5 February 2017; Published online 1 June 2017 Abstract Tree species inventory was carried out in five forest types of Sathyamangalam Tiger Reserve (STR). The forest type was divided into homogenous vegetation strata (HVS) based on the altitude, temperature, precipitation and forest types. A total of 8 ha area was sampled using 0.1 ha (20m 50m) plot and all tree species ≥ 1cm girth at breast height (gbh) within the plot were enumerated. In all, 4614 individuals were recorded that belonged to 122 species representing 90 genera and 39 families. Fabaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Rubiaceae, and Combretaceae were the species-rich families. The mean stand density of STR was 577 ha-1, but it varied from 180 ha-1 to 779 ha-1. Similarly, the mean basal area of the STR was 14.51 m2ha-1 which ranged between 8.41 m2 ha-1 and 26.96 m2 ha-1. The stem count was low at the lowest girth class (1-10 cm gbh) and high at 20-30 cm gbh in all the forest types. Anogeissus latifolia was the dominant species in the semi- evergreen and deciduous forest types while Chloroxylon swietenia was dominant in the thorn forest.
    [Show full text]
  • University of California Santa Cruz Responding to An
    UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA SANTA CRUZ RESPONDING TO AN EMERGENT PLANT PEST-PATHOGEN COMPLEX ACROSS SOCIAL-ECOLOGICAL SCALES A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES with an emphasis in ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY by Shannon Colleen Lynch December 2020 The Dissertation of Shannon Colleen Lynch is approved: Professor Gregory S. Gilbert, chair Professor Stacy M. Philpott Professor Andrew Szasz Professor Ingrid M. Parker Quentin Williams Acting Vice Provost and Dean of Graduate Studies Copyright © by Shannon Colleen Lynch 2020 TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Tables iv List of Figures vii Abstract x Dedication xiii Acknowledgements xiv Chapter 1 – Introduction 1 References 10 Chapter 2 – Host Evolutionary Relationships Explain 12 Tree Mortality Caused by a Generalist Pest– Pathogen Complex References 38 Chapter 3 – Microbiome Variation Across a 66 Phylogeographic Range of Tree Hosts Affected by an Emergent Pest–Pathogen Complex References 110 Chapter 4 – On Collaborative Governance: Building Consensus on 180 Priorities to Manage Invasive Species Through Collective Action References 243 iii LIST OF TABLES Chapter 2 Table I Insect vectors and corresponding fungal pathogens causing 47 Fusarium dieback on tree hosts in California, Israel, and South Africa. Table II Phylogenetic signal for each host type measured by D statistic. 48 Table SI Native range and infested distribution of tree and shrub FD- 49 ISHB host species. Chapter 3 Table I Study site attributes. 124 Table II Mean and median richness of microbiota in wood samples 128 collected from FD-ISHB host trees. Table III Fungal endophyte-Fusarium in vitro interaction outcomes.
    [Show full text]
  • Noctuoidea: Erebidae: Others
    Staude et al. / Metamorphosis 27: S165–S188 S165 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Noctuoidea: Erebidae: Others Reference/ Lepidoptera Host plant Locality rearing no. Taxon Subfamily Family Taxon Family M1148 Anoba angulilinea Anobinae Erebidae Dalbergia Fabaceae Tshukudu Game melanoxylon Reserve, Hoedspruit M998 Anoba atripuncta Anobinae Erebidae Ormocarpum Fabaceae Tshukudu Game trichocarpum Reserve, Hoedspruit Gv71 Baniana arvorum Anobinae Erebidae Elephantorrhiza Fabaceae Steenkoppies, farm, elephantina Magaliesburg 14HSS52 Baniana arvorum Anobinae Erebidae Elephantorrhiza Fabaceae Steenkoppies, farm, elephantina Magaliesburg 13HSS84 Plecoptera arctinotata Anobinae Erebidae Senegalia caffra Fabaceae Steenkoppies, farm, Magaliesburg M1020a Plecoptera flaviceps Anobinae Erebidae Dalbergia Fabaceae Casketts, farm, melanoxylon Hoedspruit M317 Bareia incidens Calpinae Erebidae Ficus lutea Moraceae Casketts, farm, (unplaced as to Hoedspruit tribe) 14HSS87 Egnasia vicaria Calpinae Erebidae Afrocanthium Rubiaceae Dlinsa Forest, (unplaced as to mundianum Eshowe tribe) 12HSS163 Exophyla multistriata Calpinae Erebidae Celtis africana Cannabaceae Golden Valley, (unplaced as to Magaliesburg tribe) M416 Exophyla multistriata Calpinae Erebidae Trema orientalis Cannabaceae Sekororo, Tzaneen (unplaced as to (Fed on Celtis tribe) africana) M743 Lacera alope Calpinae Erebidae Pterolobium Fabaceae Moholoholo Rehab (unplaced as to stellatum Centre, Hoedspruit tribe)
    [Show full text]
  • Anesu Final Dissertation Correcting in Progres.Pdf (414.0Kb)
    BINDURA UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE EDUCATION ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE DEPARTMENT The effects of Soil Type and Different Pre-sowing Treatments on seedling emergence and vigor of Senegalia polyacantha. BY ANESU HASVE B1337016 A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS OF THE BACHELOR OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE HONOURS DEGREE IN NATURAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT DATE OF SUBMISSION 31/03/17 DEDICATION This project is dedicated to my inspiring mother Irene Mutemaringa and my late father James Hasve. i ACKNOWLEDGEMENT All gratitude is extended to the men and women who made this study possible. Mostly important is my academic supervisor Ms C. Masona. My profound gratitude to my beloved husband Alphius Nyamayarwo and my family who sacrificed their time to help in all ways they could. Above all, I praise the Lord Almighty for permitting me to reach this far. ii ABSTRACT The study investigated the effects of soil type and pre-sowing treatment on seedling emergence and vigor of Senegalia polyacantha . The experiment was laid out in a (3*3) completely randomized design with three replications. Soil type had three levels (sandy loam, humus and clayey loam) while seed treatments were soaked ( in hot water for thirty minutes, cold water for twenty four hours, concentrated sulphuric acid (0.3 M H 2SO 4) for sixty minutes) and no treatment (control). Results showed that soil type and seed treatment affected seed germination of S.polyacantha seed . Seeds subjected to hot water treatment and then sown in sandy loam soil had the highest emergence, followed by cold water treatment then sulphuric acid treatment and lastly control.
    [Show full text]
  • Downloadable from and Animals and Their Significance
    Volume 31(3): 1–380 METAMORPHOSIS ISSN 1018–6490 (PRINT) ISSN 2307–5031 (ONLINE) LEPIDOPTERISTS’ SOCIETY OF AFRICA An overview of Lepidoptera-host-parasitoid associations for southern Africa, including an illustrated report on 2 370 African Lepidoptera-host and 119 parasitoid-Lepidoptera associations Published online: 3 November 2020 Hermann S. Staude1*, Marion Maclean1, Silvia Mecenero1,2, Rudolph J. Pretorius3, Rolf G. Oberprieler4, Simon van Noort5, Allison Sharp1, Ian Sharp1, Julio Balona1, Suncana Bradley1, Magriet Brink1, Andrew S. Morton1, Magda J. Botha1, Steve C. Collins1,6, Quartus Grobler1, David A. Edge1, Mark C. Williams1 and Pasi Sihvonen7 1Caterpillar Rearing Group (CRG), LepSoc Africa. [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] 2Centre for Statistics in Ecology, Environment and Conservation, Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa. [email protected] 3Department of Agriculture, Faculty of Health and Environmental Science. Central University of Technology, Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa. [email protected] 4CSIRO National Insect Collection, G. P. O. Box 1700, Canberra, ACT 2701, Australia. [email protected] 5Research & Exhibitions Department, South African Museum, Iziko Museums of South Africa, Cape Town, South Africa and Department
    [Show full text]
  • Southern Gulf, Queensland
    Biodiversity Summary for NRM Regions Species List What is the summary for and where does it come from? This list has been produced by the Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities (SEWPC) for the Natural Resource Management Spatial Information System. The list was produced using the AustralianAustralian Natural Natural Heritage Heritage Assessment Assessment Tool Tool (ANHAT), which analyses data from a range of plant and animal surveys and collections from across Australia to automatically generate a report for each NRM region. Data sources (Appendix 2) include national and state herbaria, museums, state governments, CSIRO, Birds Australia and a range of surveys conducted by or for DEWHA. For each family of plant and animal covered by ANHAT (Appendix 1), this document gives the number of species in the country and how many of them are found in the region. It also identifies species listed as Vulnerable, Critically Endangered, Endangered or Conservation Dependent under the EPBC Act. A biodiversity summary for this region is also available. For more information please see: www.environment.gov.au/heritage/anhat/index.html Limitations • ANHAT currently contains information on the distribution of over 30,000 Australian taxa. This includes all mammals, birds, reptiles, frogs and fish, 137 families of vascular plants (over 15,000 species) and a range of invertebrate groups. Groups notnot yet yet covered covered in inANHAT ANHAT are notnot included included in in the the list. list. • The data used come from authoritative sources, but they are not perfect. All species names have been confirmed as valid species names, but it is not possible to confirm all species locations.
    [Show full text]
  • Northwest Highlands Bioregion Technical Descriptions
    Department of Environment and Science Regional Ecosystem Technical Descriptions Technical descriptions provide a detailed description of the full range in structure and floristic composition of regional ecosystems (e.g. 1.1.10) and their component vegetation communities (e.g. 1.11.10a, 1.11.10b). The descriptions are compiled using site survey data from the Queensland Herbarium’s CORVEG database. Distribution maps, representative images (if available) and the pre-clearing and remnant area (hectares) of each vegetation community derived from the regional ecosystem mapping (spatial) data are included. The technical descriptions should be used in conjunction with the fields from the regional ecosystem description database (REDD) for a full description of the regional ecosystem. Quantitative site data from relatively undisturbed sites are extracted from CORVEG and summarized to provide information specific to each vegetation community. Technical descriptions include the attributes: tree canopy height and cover and native plant species composition of the predominant layer, which are used to assess the remnant status of vegetation under the Vegetation Management Act 1999. However, as technical descriptions reflect the full range in structure and floristic composition across the climatic, natural disturbance and geographic range of the regional ecosystem, local reference sites should be used where possible (Neldner et al. 2005 section 3.3.3). The technical descriptions are subject to review and are updated as additional data becomes available.
    [Show full text]
  • Olympus AH Eco Assessment
    FAUNAL AND FLORAL ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT AS PART OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT PROCESS FOR THE PROPOSED ERASMUS PARK PHASE 2 TOWNSHIP DEVELOPMENT, ERASMUSRAND, GAUTENG. Prepared for Nali Sustainability Solutions February 2019 Section C: Faunal Assessment Prepared by: Scientific Terrestrial Services Report author: C. Hooton Report reviewer: K. Marais (Pr. Sci. Nat) Report Reference: STS 180084 Date: February 2019 Scientific Terrestrial Services CC CC Reg No 2005/122329/23 PO Box 751779 Gardenview 2047 Tel: 011 616 7893 Fax: 086 724 3132 E-mail: [email protected] STS 180084 February 2019 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY From the faunal assessment it can be concluded that there are four habitat units encompassed within the study area, namely Senegalia caffra – Vachellia karroo Woodland, Rocky Grassland, Degraded Hyparrhenia Grassland and Freshwater Habitat. These habitat range from moderately-low to moderately high sensitivities Based on the impact assessment, the impacts on faunal habitat, diversity and SCC within the different habitat units varies from low to high significance during the construction and the operational phase of the project prior to mitigation taking place. With effective mitigation implemented, all impacts may be reduced to very-low to medium-low levels. It is the opinion of the ecologists that this study provides the relevant information required in order to implement an Integrated Environmental Management (IEM) plan and to ensure that the best long-term use of the ecological resources in the study area will be made in support of the principle of sustainable development. Scientific Terrestrial Services (STS) was appointed to conduct a faunal and floral ecological assessment for the proposed Erasmus Park development on the remaining extent of the farm Waterkloof 378 JR, Erasmusrand, Gauteng Province (hereafter referred to as the ‘study area’).
    [Show full text]
  • Ecological Specialist Report for the Upgrade of Road D4407 Between Hluvukani and Timbavati (7.82 Km), Road D4409 at Welverdiend (6.88
    ECOLOGICAL SPECIALIST REPORT FOR THE UPGRADE OF ROAD D4407 BETWEEN HLUVUKANI AND TIMBAVATI (7.82 KM), ROAD D4409 AT WELVERDIEND (6.88 KM) AND ROAD D4416/2 BETWEEN WELVERDIEND AND _v001 ROAD P194/1 (1.19 KM) FOR THE ROAD D4416 DEVIATION 007 _ OPS IN THE EHLANZENI REGION OF THE MPUMALANGA PROVINCE PREPARED FOR: DATED: 22 January 2021 PREPARED BY: Ronaldo Retief Pr.Sci.Nat. Pr. EAPASA M · 072 666 6348 E · [email protected] T · +27 21 702 2884 26 Bell Close, Westlake Business Park F · +27 86 555 0693 Westlake 7945, Cape Town NCC Environmental Services (Pty) Ltd | Reg No: 2007/023691/07 | VAT No. 4450208915 REAL GROWTH FOR PEOPLE, PLANET AND BUSINESS www.ncc-group.co.za 1 DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE Specialist Name Nico-Ronaldo Retief Declaration of I declare, as a specialist appointed in terms of the National Environmental Management Independence Act (Act No 108 of 1998) and the associated 2014 Amended Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Regulations, that: • I act as the independent specialist in this application. • I will perform the work relating to the application in an objective manner, even if this results in views and findings that are not favourable to the applicant. • I declare that there are no circumstances that may compromise my objectivity in performing such work. • I have expertise in conducting the specialist report relevant to this application, including knowledge of the Act, Regulations and any guidelines that have relevance to the proposed activity. • I will comply with the Act, Regulations, and all other applicable legislation. • I have no, and will not engage in, conflicting interests in the undertaking of the activity.
    [Show full text]
  • Northern Territory NT Page 1 of 204 21-Jan-11 Species List for NRM Region Northern Territory, Northern Territory
    Biodiversity Summary for NRM Regions Species List What is the summary for and where does it come from? This list has been produced by the Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities (SEWPC) for the Natural Resource Management Spatial Information System. The list was produced using the AustralianAustralian Natural Natural Heritage Heritage Assessment Assessment Tool Tool (ANHAT), which analyses data from a range of plant and animal surveys and collections from across Australia to automatically generate a report for each NRM region. Data sources (Appendix 2) include national and state herbaria, museums, state governments, CSIRO, Birds Australia and a range of surveys conducted by or for DEWHA. For each family of plant and animal covered by ANHAT (Appendix 1), this document gives the number of species in the country and how many of them are found in the region. It also identifies species listed as Vulnerable, Critically Endangered, Endangered or Conservation Dependent under the EPBC Act. A biodiversity summary for this region is also available. For more information please see: www.environment.gov.au/heritage/anhat/index.html Limitations • ANHAT currently contains information on the distribution of over 30,000 Australian taxa. This includes all mammals, birds, reptiles, frogs and fish, 137 families of vascular plants (over 15,000 species) and a range of invertebrate groups. Groups notnot yet yet covered covered in inANHAT ANHAT are notnot included included in in the the list. list. • The data used come from authoritative sources, but they are not perfect. All species names have been confirmed as valid species names, but it is not possible to confirm all species locations.
    [Show full text]