CORE Metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk Provided by Ecoforum Journal (University of Suceava, Romania) ECOFORUM [Volume 4, Issue 2 (7), 2015]
PEACE MARKETING
Alexandru-Mircea NEDELEA Stefan cel Mare University of Suceava, Romania [email protected] Marilena-Oana NEDELEA Stefan cel Mare University of Suceava, Romania [email protected]
Abstract Peace marketing is a new concept which could be part of the category of the public international marketing and it is, at the same time, a non-profit marketing. The concept of peace marketing is a new one, but one that should be developed because our future depends on the efficiency of the marketing campaigns for peace.
Key words: warfare marketing, peace marketing, international public marketing
JEL Classification: M31, M38, M39
I. WARFARE MARKETING
Any incursion with analytical objectives targeted in the space of conflicts in human history evidences many cases in which unleashing a war was preceded by an intense propaganda to prepare the public to admit belligerent measures and embrace the idea that the attack was justified. War propaganda generally means spreading tendentious or invented news, in order to instigate to war, or any other manifestations in favour of unleashing an armed conflict, orally, by writing, radio, television, cinema or other such means. Under such circumstances, often, the press,”the ex watchdog of society”, is transformed into the loudspeaker of power when the power’s interests aim at conquering new territories and new commodity markets. Propaganda in media obsessively transmits messages that have the role of demonizing a troublesome ruler of a country that is to be conquered or divided. In this context of different attitudes and concepts related to the warfare marketing, it is time to remember the media war. This is different from the legal approach concerning the use of commercials an d promotion of the positions, with the moral limits of such an approach when the promoted object is not the real one or when the promotion is done through subliminal techniques. The media war clearly enters the space of illegality and the national security threat.
II. PEACE MARKETING
It is difficult to ascertain which is our biggest wish. Certainly, extremely important is to live in peace and harmony with those around us, to live a calm and careless live within family. And wouldn’t be normal that the organizations which assume humanistic principles and aims have as a main objective assuring peace internationally? Peace marketing is a concept which could be part of the category of the public international marketing. It is, at the same time, a non-profit marketing. We could not speak of a sale activity. We could include this new concept as part of the social marketing. Peace marketing tries to influence social behaviours, to change attitudes, habits, not in the benefit of the person who does marketing, but in the benefit of the society in general. It implies the development of some programs destined to impose and sustain some causes and ideas that may lead to the salvation of humanity from self-destruction, being essential to understand that the Earth is our home, and that it is our interest to live in peace and harmony on this planet that we like to consider wonderful. How can we speak of a satisfying state of the world and of the satisfaction of people in a time in which many states on the planet allot huge sums for armament, the production of mass destruction arms? Meanwhile, poverty and hunger are extending, environment is deteriorating, resources are running out, many people have not access to education and minimum living conditions. Marketing has a few simple rules. One of these is that if you want to draw the public, you must find what the public is interested in. Peace is a state of facts that any normal person on earth wants (except those who
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ECOFORUM [Volume 4, Issue 2 (7), 2015] sell arms). According to the marketing optics, people don’t look for products first, but for solutions for their problems. Consequently, peace represents one of these solutions that any human being is interested in. In a moment in which modern world is struck by terrorist attacks, wars, conflicts, cyber attacks, in almost all the regions peace and compliance with the right of each citizen to peace are more necessary than ever. In a normal, common sense plea, it must be emphasized that peace is the way to understanding, trust, the way of an honest friendship between peoples, it is - if we don’t avoid a big word- the condition of happiness on earth. Life can flourish when there is durable peace. We must fight for maintaining peace on the blue Planet, for offering the young generation the chance to live their life in the plenitude of the age, to affirm their personality, to devote their entire physical and intellectual potential to the progress of humanity, to the well- being of the society. For any conflictual state several pacifist solutions must be found and, every time it appears, the way of negotiations must be used, in order to solve it. Peace favours the harmonious development of the young generation, who, by becoming a vector of fulfilling some superior ideals, can find an effective way of a favourable communication between people. The ideal of peace means prosperous life, because thus money is not directed to produce death, destruction, suffering, but to increase prosperity of all and each person. Peace offers the creative energy which can build a world. Peace is the chance of a work that can ennoble man, that determines the cultural and technical progress. Peace means understanding, harmony between people, happy life on earth, without the war attrocities. (Chifu, 2006) In 1981, the United Nations declared September 21, the International Day of Peace. It is dedicated to peace and especially to the absence of war and violence. For example, it could bring about or impose the temporary cease fire in a war zone for the access of humanitarian aid. The day was celebrated for the first time in 1982, and since then it is celebrated each year by many nations, political and military organizations and many people. To open the day, the “Peace Bell” rings at the headquarters of the UNO (in New York City). It is cast from coins donated by children from all continents, except Africa, and was a gift from the United Nations Association of Japan, “as a memento of the human cost of war”. On the inscription on one side one can read: “Long live absolute world peace”. Another day dedicated to peace is marked on January 1- World Day of Peace. It was initiated by Pope Paul the 6th, who wanted it to be celebrated each year, on the first day of the calendar year. The World Day of Peace was proclaimed by the Vatican on December 8, 1967. Among the promoters of peace within the fields with a major impact in this sense one can evidence: education, tourism, humanitarian organizations, learning foreign languages. If we refer only to the first from the series of these factors, we must say that quality education is essential to establish peace, and peace is imposed to be the essence of education. Education- an appropriate and quality education- can offer children hopes and opportunities and can heal the war traumas. A school can and must be a place of peace. Given that war begins in people’s mind, also in their mind it is normal to begin the building of the plea for peace. A quality education must be assured before, during and after the end of a conflict, and during the negotiations of the peace agreements. (Wedge, 2008) Education for peace supposes cultivating some superior attitudes and training people in order to avoid conflicts, and promoting a constructive dialogue, cultivating receptivity and flexibility, respect towards values and aspirations, towards oneself and others, the ability to identify common points and to respect the diversity of situations and life styles. These objectives of education for peace are the touchstone in the process of education of each personality. The goals of education for peace can be converted, at the level of school education, in the strategies of forming a cooperation behaviour. It means, first, to avoid final classifications and hierarchical placing, competition, which can have negative consequences on the relations between pupils, who learn that it is important and noble to support and help each other.
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III. PEACE SYMBOLS
From the marketing point of view, we can identify a series of signs which contribute to the creation of some peace symbols with an important and recognized role in the promotion of this concept: the dove and olive branch, the white flag, the peace pipe, one thousand cranes, etc. The dove and olive branch. The dove was and remains a peace and good symbol, irrespective of the country, time, cultural and linguistic barriers. Since Noah and the deluge, the dove and the olive branch in its beak has been the symbol of hope, new land and beginning. The olive branch is historically representative for peace not only for the Hebrew people, but also for the ancient Greeks and for the Islam. A possible explanation for the relation between the olive and the peace is that the olives bear fruit not easily, and the olive culture would be difficult to achieve during war. For thousands of years, the dove has brought the olive branch and announced the end of the deluge and the return to normality. Over centuries, it was used as the symbol of soul or social peace, in the biblical translations and, later, on the seals, banknotes and coins. While, in Persia and Egypt, the doves were bred in temples and at the courts of the pharaohs as symbols of peace and virtues of gods, the ancient Greeks and Arabs considered them messengers of love and good luck.
White flag was internationally used as a symbol of peaceful surrender and truce. Used for the first time in China, during the Han dynasty, it was taken over by the Romans, who replaced it sometimes with the olive branch. The white flag means rather “let’s make peace” than a general establishment of peace. Rainbow flag. Used for the first time in Italy, in 1961, during a peace march, it was borrowed by many countries, each nation writing the word peace in its language. Peace pipe. Smoked at the end of a conflict, in North America, it was used initially during some spiritual ceremonies, in order to send the prayers to the sky with the help of smoke. The V sign. Its origin, very distant, seems to be the battle of Azincourt, when it is said that the French had declared that, after they would win, the English archers’ fingers would be cut (the index and the middle finger, used to draw the bow). The English won and, as a proof, they showed their intact fingers upward. V from victory (which brings peace) became a popular sign during the WWII (through the image of Winston Churchill) and especially in the 60s, during the peace demonstrations. One thousand cranes. The 1,000 cranes come from the Japanese antiquity became a peace symbol, after little Sadako Sasaki, diagnosed with leukaemia, after the atomic bomb in Hiroshima, died before she could fold 1,000 origami cranes to grand her last wish. After her death, in the Peace Park of Hiroshima it was inaugurated a monument which represents little Sadako holding a golden crane. It became an international symbol of peace as a result of the relation with her story and its significance. The peace sign was initially the symbol of the English campaign for nuclear disarmament, which, after the experience of the WWII bombardments, became a sine qua non necessity of peace, so that the demonstrations and marches for peace in the 60s adopted it, especially after its importation to the USA. Its origin lies in superimposing N and D initials (from nuclear disarmament), not from the letters of the alphabet, but from the semaphore type symbols, of signal with the flag.
Internationally, there are other explanations, as the one according to which the peace sign from inside the circle - turned to 90 degrees - represents a stylized B52 plane and comes from the time when the Vietnam War was to be stopped. The sign represents a broken cross (sign of the Antichrist)… or crucifying upside down (of Saint Peter). Here are two possible promotional messages related to peace: ”Together for Peace and a better world!”; „Let’s keep peace not by shedding blood, but defeat it with friendship and love!” Related to the marketing activity of peace, we can mention a series of concepts like: operations for maintaining peace, peace missions, multinational forces for maintaining peace, international organizations involved in maintaining peace. The peace operations can be defined, despite the apparent term contradiction, as military actions which display to support the diplomatic efforts, having as goal to establish and maintain peace and to reach long term political solutions of conflicts. These peace operations can be displayed parallel with different diplomatic actions necessary to assure the implementation of bilateral and multilateral agreements and solving, eventually, the conflicts. The literature presents two types of peace operations: operations to maintain peace and operations to impose peace.
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The main international organizations with responsibilities in maintaining peace and security are: United Nations Organization (U.N.O.), North Atlantic Treaty Organization (N.A.T.O.), the European Union (E.U.), the Organisation of African Unity (O.A.U.). Along time, given its importance as a fundamental human option, many thinkers and representative personalities from various fields memorably restated on peace. Here are some messages of peace of some universally famous personalities from old times to present times:
Albert Einstein (1879-1955): Peace cannot be kept by force: it can only be achieved by understanding. We cannot solve our problems with the same thinking we used when we created them. It is impossible to obtain peace as long as any action done in this sense takes into account a possible future conflict.
Martin Luther King Jr. (1929-1968): Peace is not merely a distant goal that we seek, but a means by which we arrive at that goal. Those who love peace must learn to organize themselves as efficiently as those who love war. True peace is not merely the absence of tension: it is the presence of justice. We must live together in harmony like brothers, otherwise we will die like fools. Nonviolence is a powerful weapon.
Worth to be remembered are, also, the following expressions of wisdom said in different ages and geographical areas:
If there is no peace, all others are useless. (Saint John of the Golden Mouth)
Innately, within us resides the spirit which wants to enlighten you, to give you the peace, the bliss and the joy of our being. (Shri Mataji Nirmala Devi)
If there is to be peace in the world, there must be peace in the nations. If there is to be peace in the nations, there must be peace in the cities. If there is to be peace in the cities, there must be peace between neighbours, If there is to be peace between neighbours, there must be peace in the home. If there is to be peace in the home, there must be peace in the heart. (Lao Tsu)
There was never a good war, or a bad peace. (Benjamin Franklin)
There is no holy war; only peace is holy. (Pope John the 2nd)
Love and compassion are the basis of the world peace- at all levels.(Dalai Lama)
If we have to teach real peace in this world, and if we carry on a real war against war, we shall have to begin with the children. (Mahatma Gandhi)
When the power of love overcomes the love of power, the world will know peace. (Jimi Hendrix)
Give peace a chance. (John Lenon)
Peace cannot come from the wish for peace, but from suppressing the war instincts. (Nicolae Iorga)
Peace is more than the absence of war. True peace is justice, true peace is freedom. (Ronald Reagan)
Peace is better than the most just war. (Latin proverb)
Peace will not come into the world until it comes in your heart. And it cannot come in your heart as long as you see enemies or “bad” people around you. (Paul Ferrini)
I prefer the most unfair peace to the most righteous war. (Cicero)
I don’t know how much is the political cost for peace, but for sure it is less than for violence. (Hasier Agirre)
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If you want to make peace with your enemy, you have to work with your enemy. Then he becomes your partner. (Nelson Mandela)
A people free to choose will always choose peace. (Ronald Reagan)
War is a suspension of peace (as peace is a suspension of war).
IV. CONCLUSIONS
The essence of the concept (notion) of marketing lies in identifying, anticipating and quantizing the needs and wishes of people and their satisfaction. Among the needs and wishes of people is peace. Internationally, in time the marketing budgets allotted to the companies of “justification” of wars and those allotted by the arms manufacturing companies are huge, the financial efforts destined to the promotion of peace being relatively reduced. The concept of peace marketing is a new one, but one that should be developed because our future depends on the efficiency of the marketing campaigns for peace. In conclusion, we have the moral obligation to oppose war as a political necessity and to promote peace as an existential necessity.
V. BIOGRAPHY
1. Chifu, E., Reflexii, 2006 2. Coruţ, P., Secretele vârstelor de aur, Ed. Coruţ Pavel, Bucureşti, 2008, 3. Kotler, Ph., Zaltman, Gh., Social Marketing. An approach to planned social change, Journal of Marketing, july, 1971 4. Nedelea, Al., Bazele marketingului, Ed. Sedcom Libris, Iași, 2009 5. Wedge, J., Acolo unde începe pacea. Rolul educației în prevenirea conflictelor și construirea păcii, Cambridge House, 2008 6. http://www.capital.ro/care-sunt-cei-mai-mari-25-de-producatori-de-armament-din-lume.html 7. http://subiecte.citatepedia.ro 8. http://metropotam.ro/La-zi/Semne-si-semnificatii-Semnul-pacii-de-unde-pana-unde-art0438333872/
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