Running head: BASIC COMPUTATIONAL REPRODUCIBILITY 1 1 Computational Reproducibility in Archaeological Research: Basic Principles and a Case 2 Study of Their Implementation 1, 2 3 Ben Marwick 1 4 Department of Anthropology, University of Washington, Seattle 2 5 Center for Archaeological Science, University of Wollongong, Australia 6 Author note 7 Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Ben Marwick, 8 Department of Anthropology, University of Washington, Seattle. E-mail:
[email protected] BASIC COMPUTATIONAL REPRODUCIBILITY 2 9 Abstract 10 The use of computers and complex software is pervasive in archaeology, yet their role in the 11 analytical pipeline is rarely exposed for other researchers to inspect or reuse. This limits the 12 progress of archaeology because researchers cannot easily reproduce each other’s work to 13 verify or extend it. Four general principles of reproducible research that have emerged in 14 other fields are presented. An archaeological case study is described that shows how each 15 principle can be implemented using freely available software. The costs and benefits of 16 implementing reproducible research are assessed. The primary benefit, of sharing data in 17 particular, is increased impact via an increased number of citations. The primary cost is the 18 additional time required to enhance reproduciblity, although the exact amount is difficult to 19 quantify. BASIC COMPUTATIONAL REPRODUCIBILITY 3 20 Computational Reproducibility in Archaeological Research: Basic Principles and a Case 21 Study of Their Implementation 22 Introduction 23 Archaeology, like all scientific fields, advances through rigorous tests of previously 24 published studies. When numerous investigations are performed by different researchers and 25 demonstrate similar results, we hold these results to be a reasonable approximation of a true 26 account of past human behavior.