Magnetic Fields Acknowledgements and Introduction
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Acknowledgments It is a great pleasure to acknowledge the many people who contributed to the exhibi- tion Magnetic Fields: Expanding American Abstraction, 1960s to Today, and to this accompanying publication. First and foremost, it has been an honor and a joy to work so closely with the dedicated artists presented in Magnetic Fields. The idea for this exhibition grew out of our shared curatorial passion for abstrac- tion, and the desire to build upon the work done in each of our divergent professional capacities. For Erin, the exhibition continues her work in contextualizing intergenera- tional art practitioners and speaks to central themes of the Kemper Museum of Contemporary Art’s Permanent Collection and exhibition practice, namely the history of the artist’s gesture, and the bridging of the art of the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. For Melissa, it continues her effort to create platforms for underrecognized artists, particularly women and artists of color, and offers context for the work of Mildred Thompson (1936–2003), whom she champions through the Mildred Thompson Legacy Project. Most importantly, this exhibition is created in the spirit of raising awareness of and initiating conversation about the groundbreaking, sustaining, and innovative work of an exceptional group of underrecognized and up-and-coming artists. These artists’ achievements in abstraction merit greater recognition within the broader history and future of American abstraction. The selection of the twenty-one artists for this exhibition resulted from the exciting work of reviewing hundreds of artists’ oeuvres, across generations, in a range of media and stylistic pursuits. The final criteria that helped shape the suite of works on view include: the artist self-identifies as a woman of color; the majority of her practice has been dedicated to abstraction; and the work is rooted in the nonobjective or nonrepresentational. We thank our advisory group—and the exhibiting artists—for recommending artists for us to consider. We are grateful to those included, and others we learned about, as their points of view helped shape the premise of the exhibition. The essays by Lowery Stokes Sims and Valerie Cassel Oliver ground the project in the historical perspective that comes from years of dedicated attention to the impor- tant work of women artists, artists of color, and abstraction. In the “Conversations,” short-form essays ranging in tone from the personal to the scholarly, Nanette Carter, Allison Glenn, Gia M. Hamilton, Lauren Haynes, Sandra Jackson-Dumont, Michelle Perron, Alice Thorson, and Kathryn Wat reflect on a selection of artists and works in the exhibition. Lilly Wei’s thoughtful compilation of first-person interviews with artists from each of the three generations represented in Magnetic Fields offers invaluable insight into the artists’ individual experiences. These texts help disrupt art-world assumptions on the subject of abstraction and celebrate the breakthroughs in the genre by women artists of color. To our advisory group made up of the extraordinary Isolde Brielmaier, Licia E. Clifton-James, Gia M. Hamilton, Adrienne Walker Hoard, Sandra Jackson-Dumont, Dena Muller, Valerie Cassel Oliver, Lowery Stokes Sims, and Lilly Wei, we are pro- foundly grateful for your knowledge, guidance, and support throughout the planning of this project. We sincerely thank the Chair of the Kemper Museum Board of Trustees and Directors Mary Kemper Wolf for her leadership and enthusiastic support of Magnetic Fields, and Executive Director Barbara O’Brien for her guidance and encouragement of the exhibition. With gratitude, we acknowledge the hardworking and enthusiastic staff of the Kemper Museum, especially the exhibition team of Andrea Phillips, Liz Lumpkin, Aaron Jakos, and Will Toney for all their hard work in the direct plan- ning of logistics for the exhibition. All the lenders to this exhibition, both private and institutional, have our sincere gratitude for the confidence they placed in this project. The exhibition is a reality because of their exceptional generosity in loaning these exemplary works. The Mildred Thompson Legacy Project also thanks the participants in the Independent Curators International (ICI) Curatorial Intensive 2015 for their feedback and support; the Judith Alexander Foundation in Atlanta, Georgia, for their generous funding of documentation and conservation needs; and the Creative Time | Warhol Foundation Arts Writers Grant, which provided seed money for further research on Thompson. We received vital assistance from Omar Blayton, Anthony Craig Drennen, Donna Jackson, Lamar Lovelace, Adjua Mantebea, Gabriele Schilling and Christiane von Lengerke, Donna Snowden, Katherine Snowden Boswell, Souleo, and Sarah Workneh. We are grateful to the catalogue production team, including editor Kristin Swan, proofreader Ted Gilley, and Adrian Lucia, Melissa Duffes, Meghann Ney, and Susan E. Kelly with Lucia | Marquand. Finally, we look forward to collaborating with Director Susan Fisher Sterling, Chief Curator Kathryn Wat, and Associate Curator Virginia Treanor at the National Museum of Women in the Arts. We thank them for joining us in presenting Magnetic Fields: Expanding American Abstraction, 1960s to Today. ERIN DZIEDZIC and MELISSA MESSINA Co-curators ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 11 ERIN DZIEDZIC AND MELISSA MESSINA Magnetic Fields An Introduction Magnetic Fields: Expanding American Abstraction, 1960s to Today focuses a long- overdue lens on the contributions of women artists of color within the lineage of nonrepresentational art making.1 As the first museum exhibition of its kind, Magnetic Fields aims to spark more broad and inclusive presentations of American abstraction going forward. Intergenerational in scope, this exhibition and the accompanying catalogue amplify the formal and conceptual connections between twenty-one artists born between 1891 and 1981, many presented in conversation with one another for the first time. The artists’ compositional frameworks, exploration of materials, and inspired approaches to nonobjective art expand the discourse around nonpictorial image and object making. Featuring a range of media, including painting, sculpture, printmaking, and drawing, the exhibition places the unique visual vocabularies of black women artists in context with one another and within the larger history of abstraction. In presenting the commanding dialogue among these artists, Magnetic Fields celebrates those underrecognized leaders, and argues for their enduring relevance in the history and iconography of abstraction. The curatorial objective of Magnetic Fields is to present the formal, expressive, and conceptual scope of work by self-identifying black female artists who sustain(ed) a dedicated practice in the field of nonrepresentational abstraction. Given this focus, Magnetic Fields also pays tribute to the lived experience of each of the featured artists, who have come individually to pursue abstraction, disrupting the presumption that representation and narrative beholden to figuration are the prime modes of Detail, plate 33. visualizing personal experience. Collectively, their work represents a range of formalist approaches rooted in painterly, post-painterly, and hard- edge abstraction, with emphasis on process, materiality, innovation, and experimentation. These works employ and broaden the expressive language of abstraction amid its loaded, Eurocentric male–dominated history. This exhibition does not intend to homogenize or forsake the artists’ varied personal and conceptual motivations. Instead, it underscores the breadth and depth of the responses therein. Several of the artists in Magnetic Fields, including Lilian Thomas Burwell (born 1927) and Betty Blayton (1937–2016), describe their artistic practices as primarily spiritual endeavors.2 Alternatively, Candida Alvarez (born 1955) refers to her personalized visual language as a “subject-less pictorial mash-up” rooted in imagery from popular culture.3 While Mary Lovelace O’Neal’s contempo- raries during the Black Arts Movement responded with Fig. 1. Kianja Strobert more overtly narrative approaches, O’Neal (born 1942) describes how her work “spoke, (American, b. 1980), Porch lights, in perhaps a very abstract way, of my struggles as an African American, as an African 2015, paintings, metal lathe, papier-mâché, acrylic, screen, American woman.”4 Yet, as with many artists included here, she puts the onus on the felt, wire, 701/4 × 71 × 81/4 inches. viewer as the decipherer of meaning, stating, “Here’s the metaphor if you want to Courtesy of Tilton Gallery, deal with it.”5 New York, New York. Magnetic Fields acknowledges critical and contrasting perspectives within the common ground of abstraction. Styles and art historical referents among artists in the exhibition diverge considerably. Kianja Strobert (born 1980; fig. 1) employs references ranging from Lee Bontecou (born 1931; fig. 2) to Philip Guston (1913–1980), and looks at modern abstraction as “a collision of abstract and representational” elements.6 Other artists describe a more individualized means of arriving at their personal form of expression. Deborah Dancy (born 1949) has said, “This is how I identify my idea, through abstraction. My commitment to abstraction is a personal ideology.”7 Mildred Thompson (1936–2003) has for decades turned our eye toward abstraction’s limitless possibilities in works such as her Magnetic Fields triptych (1991, plate 44), whose surface transcribes paint into motion, gesture into celestial