Returning to a More Glorious Era (NST 15/04/2000)

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Returning to a More Glorious Era (NST 15/04/2000) 15/04/2000 Returning to a more glorious era A. Hafiz Yatim THE Malacca Historic City Day celebrations today is certainly an occasion to remember and cherish forever. This is because the celebration is the first of its kind for the new millennium and serves to remind us of the State's glorious history. Malacca started from humble beginnings in the 14th century when a prince, Parameswara, opened-up the State which over the years transformed itself to become one of the major trading ports in Southeast Asia. Traders from India and China who plied through the busy Straits of Malacca soon made Malacca a major port of call - especially for the spice trade. From a major trading port, Malacca soon became a major empire in the region with most of the Malay Peninsular and certain parts of Sumatera falling under its rule. The decline of the Malacca Sultanate resulted in the Portuguese colonising the State in 1511. This was soon followed by the arrival of the Dutch and the English. The presence of these foreign powers resulted in the construction of several monuments and buildings which have remained to this very day. Among these buildings are the A Famosa, the Stadthuys, the remain's of the St Paul's cathedral and the St John's fort which bear testimony to Malacca's past. Even after Malaysia gained independence from the British in 1957, Malacca has remained one of the most historically rich States in the country. In the past, Malacca relied heavily on agriculture, but since the dawn of the 1980's the winds of change have swept the State. Now Malacca is emphasising on its industrial development and tourism promotion. This development has resulted in a major transformation of the State which used to be called the "sleepy hollow". Today, Malacca's economy records the highest Gross Domestic Product in Peninsula Malaysia after Selangor, Johor and Penang respectively. Recognising the need to emphasise industrial development, the State has set a target of being a fully developed State by 2010 - 10 years earlier than the Vision 2020 target set by Prime Minister Datuk Seri Dr Mahathir Mohamad. The State's eighth Chief Minister, Datuk Wira Mohd Ali Rustam, who recognised the fact that there is not many years left to achieve the objective, has called upon the people to adopt a more positive mind-set. Speaking in his address as the new Chief Minister, Mohd Ali called for a concerted effort by the people to help the State achieve its objectives. However, he reassured the people that, while the State Government will try hard to achieve greater development for Malacca, the poor will not be left behind. True to his words, a few months ago, Mohd Ali announced an increment of between 60 and 80 per cent in the monthly assistance given out to poor families. This has resulted in the State approving an allocation of more than RM500,000 in financial assistance for the poor during the recent State Legislative Assembly meeting. In emphasising the role of industrial development, Mohd Ali said at a recent meeting with leading Malacca industrialists and traders, that the State plans to open-up new industrial estates and expand existing ones to cater to the increasing demand for such areas. "Malacca will give greater emphasis to high technology industries where there is minimal labour usage and better returns," he said. With a population of over 500,000, Mohd Ali said emphasis had to be given towards industries which used higher technology rather than those which were labour-intensive. Besides this, Mohd Ali is also paying more attention to drawing a higher number of tourists to Malacca. "We hope to attract three million tourists this year and the State Government has arranged various programmes to draw their attention," he said. The focus on the tourism industry centres upon different sectors. These cover health tourism, culture, history, shopping, education, sports, recreation. Hence, Mohd Ali has organised several tourism fares, the most recent being the one held in Kuala Lumpur which was launched by Dr Mahathir. On April 24, the State Government will launch a tourism fare in Singapore, recognising the fact that the bulk of visitors arriving here are from the island republic. "We hope to attract them during the June school holidays and that is why we are holding this promotion earlier," Mohd Ali said. The dawn of the new millenium and the Malacca Historic City Day celebrations today provide renewed hope that the State will soon return to the glorious era of the Malacca Sultanate. (END).
Recommended publications
  • July-December, 2010 International Religious Freedom Report » East Asia and Pacific » Malaysia
    Malaysia Page 1 of 12 Home » Under Secretary for Democracy and Global Affairs » Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor » Releases » International Religious Freedom » July-December, 2010 International Religious Freedom Report » East Asia and Pacific » Malaysia Malaysia BUREAU OF DEMOCRACY, HUMAN RIGHTS, AND LABOR July-December, 2010 International Religious Freedom Report Report September 13, 2011 The constitution protects freedom of religion; however, portions of the constitution as well as other laws and policies placed some restrictions on religious freedom. The constitution gives the federal and state governments the power to "control or restrict the propagation of any religious doctrine or belief among persons professing the religion of Islam." The constitution also defines ethnic Malays as Muslim. Civil courts generally ceded authority to Sharia (Islamic law) courts on cases concerning conversion from Islam, and Sharia courts remained reluctant to allow for such conversions. There was no change in the status of respect for religious freedom by the government during the reporting period. Muslims generally may not legally convert to another religion, although members of other religions may convert to Islam. Officials at the federal and state government levels oversee Islamic religious activities, and sometimes influence the content of sermons, use mosques to convey political messages, and prevent certain imams from speaking at mosques. The government maintains a dual legal system, whereby Sharia courts rule on religious and family issues involving Muslims and secular courts rule on other issues pertaining to both Muslims and the broader population. Government policies promoted Islam above other religions. Minority religious groups remained generally free to practice their beliefs; however, over the past several years, many have expressed concern that the civil court system has gradually ceded jurisdictional control to Sharia courts, particularly in areas of family law involving disputes between Muslims and non-Muslims.
    [Show full text]
  • Engineering Design on Food Waste Composting Bin S.N
    Proceedings of Mechanical Engineering Research Day 2015, pp. 117-118, March 2015 Engineering design on food waste composting bin S.N. Khalil1,2,*, K A. Zulkifli1 1) Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Hang Tuah Jaya, 76100 Durian Tunggal, Melaka, Malaysia. 2) Centre for Advanced Research on Energy, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Hang Tuah Jaya, 76100 Durian Tunggal, Melaka, Malaysia. *Corresponding e-mail: [email protected] Keywords: Green technology; compost ABSTRACT – Green technology has been imprinted in Food waste is one of the highest rated problems that our country to gain better future or greener future for our occur all over the world. People are still finding ways on future generations. It is part of our hidden duty to prepare how to fill up the landfills that are currently full with good platform for them to lead on and continually taking mostly food disposals. According to (Eco-Business, care of our earth. Composting is one of the steps towards 2013), Melaka produce between 1,300 tonnes and 1,400 that greener future. Composting is known as one of the tonnes of waste daily with the cost of disposing them method or solution for wastes around the world. reaching up to RM70,000 daily. Moreover, the Krubong However, it is neither a familiar word nor action in landfill can only last for another three years and the other Malaysia and specifically in Universiti Teknikal landfill in Sungai Udang can only last another five years Malaysia, Melaka. Composting can avoid landfills to be and have to be replaced with new sites.
    [Show full text]
  • From Reformasi to Political Tsunami: a Political Narrative of Blog Activism in Malaysia from 1998-2008
    DOI: 10.7763/IPEDR. 2013. V64. 1 From Reformasi to Political Tsunami: A Political Narrative of Blog Activism in Malaysia from 1998-2008 Shahnon Mohamed Salleh+ University Teknology Mara, Malaysia Abstract. The influence of blogs appeared to have had a strong impact on the society especially in the last decade. It was not until the wake of the humiliating defeat of the Barisan Nasional coalition party in the 12th General Election in 2008 that the Abdullah Badawi’s administration finally began to open up and engage bloggers and the new media rather than enraging them. Although traditional media still reach far more people than blogs, yet, there are clear evidences that blogs played a significant role in shaping public opinion by publicising issues originally overlooked by the mainstream media, while at the same time offered a new way of democratic participation or cyber activism among political bloggers. Blogs have greatly empowered individuals to politically express themselves to challenge the traditional media as well as the ruling political elites. This paper presents the narratives of political issues, insights and impacts in the Malaysian political blogosphere and points out that the 12th General Election served as the turning point in generating huge awareness for both the state and society on the powers and influences of a blog. Keywords: Blog, Blogosphere, Cyber Activism, Malaysian Politics, New Media, Participatory Democracy. 1. Introduction In the age of the Internet and blogs, access to information is no longer restricted to reporters and journalists of a media organisation. New communication technologies, which are widely available, have shattered the old boundaries of traditional media controlled by the ruling elites.
    [Show full text]
  • PAS Poll of No Real Consequence (NST 18/04/2002)
    18/04/2002 PAS poll of no real consequence Shamsul Akmar THE editors of Harakah, PAS' official newsletter, must be enjoying themselves. It is quite rare for them to get the attention of those from Umno, the nemesis of the party they represent. After two weeks of getting the attention for their Internet polls on who among five top Umno leaders is most trusted to succeed Datuk Seri Dr Mahathir Mohamad as Prime Minister, Harakah's online edition launched another poll. This time around, it is a poll to determine who among the Barisan Nasional (BN) Menteris Besar and Chief Ministers is the one that the readers respect most. The list starts with Perlis Menteri Besar Datuk Seri Shahidan Kassim, Penang's Tan Sri Dr Koh Tsu Koon, Datuk Seri Tajol Rosli Ghazali (Perak), Datuk Seri Syed Abdul Razak Syed Zain (Kedah), Datuk Seri Mohd Khir Toyo (Selangor), Tan Sri Mohd Isa Abdul Samad (Negri Sembilan), Datuk Wira Mohd Ali Rustam (Malacca), Datuk Seri Adnan Yaakob (Pahang), Datuk Abdul Ghani Othman (Johor), Tan Sri Abdul Taib Mahmud (Sarawak) and Datuk Dr Chong Kah Kiat (Sabah). Excluded from the poll are PAS Menteris Besar Datuk Nik Abdul Aziz Nik Mat (Kelantan) and Datuk Seri Abdul Hadi Awang (Terengganu). According to Harakah editor Zulkifli Sulong, the exclusion of Nik Aziz and Hadi from the poll was intentional. It would not have been fair to include them as the respondents are mostly PAS members or at least their sympathisers. Chances are the PAS as Menteris Besar will have an overwhelming lead in the polls, he added.
    [Show full text]
  • Penyata Rasmi Parlimen Parliamentary Debates
    PENYATA RASMI PARLIMEN PARLIAMENTARY DEBATES DEWAN RAKYAT House of Representatives PARLIMEN KELAPAN Eighth Parliament PENGGAL KEEMPAT Fourth Session KANDUNGAN JAWAPAN-JAWAPAN MULUT BAGI PERTANYAAN-PERTANYAAN [Ruangan 1941] RANG UNDANG-UNDANG: Rang Undang-undang Perbekalan Tambahan (1993 dan 1994) 1994 [Ruangan 1979] Jawatankuasa: Jadual Pertama- Maksud B. 10 [Ruangan 2006] Maksud B. 15 [Ruangan 2015] Maksud B. 17 [Ruangan 2015] Maksud B. 18 [Ruangan 2026] Maksud B. 19 [Ruangan 2035] Maksud B. 20 [Ruangan 2058] Maksud B. 21 [Ruangan 2082] Maksud B. 22 [Ruangan 2112] DICETAK OLEH PERCETAKAN NASIONAL MALAYSIA BERHAD. CAWANGAN JOHOR BAHRU 1998 Jadual Kedua- Maksud B. 7 [Ruangan 2006] USUL-USUL: Anggaran Pembangunan (Tamb.) (Bil. 4) 1993, dan Anggaran Pembangunan (Tamb.) (Bil. 1) 1994 [Ruangan 2053] Jawatankuasa: Anggaran Pembangunan (Tamb.) (Bil. 4) 1993: Maksud P. 8 [Ruangan 2006] Maksud P. 19 [Ruangan 2035] Maksud P. 20 [Ruangan 2058] Maksud P. 23 [Ruangan 2112] Waktu Mesyuarat dan Urusan yang dibebaskan daripada Peraturan Mesyuarat [Ruangan 2049] MALAYSIA DEWAN RAKYAT YANG KELAPAN Penyata Rasmi Parlimen PENGGAL YANG KEEMPAT AHLI-AHLI DEWAN RAKYAT Yang Berhormat Tuan Yang di-Pertua, TAN SRI DATO' MOHAMED ZAHIR BIN HAJI ISMAIL, P.M.N., S.P.M.K., D.S.D.K., J.M.N. Yang Amat Berhormat Perdana Menteri dan Menteri Dalam Negeri, DATO' SERI DR MAHATHIR BIN MOHAMAD, D.K.l,, D.U.K., S.S.D.K., S.S.A.P., S.P.M.S., S.P.M.J., D.P., D.U.P.N., S.P.N.S., S.P.D.K., S.P.C.M., S.S.M.T., D.U.N.M., P.I.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Open LIM Doctoral Dissertation 2009.Pdf
    The Pennsylvania State University The Graduate School College of Communications BLOGGING AND DEMOCRACY: BLOGS IN MALAYSIAN POLITICAL DISCOURSE A Dissertation in Mass Communications by Ming Kuok Lim © 2009 Ming Kuok Lim Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy August 2009 The dissertation of Ming Kuok Lim was reviewed and approved* by the following: Amit M. Schejter Associate Professor of Mass Communications Dissertation Advisor Chair of Committee Richard D. Taylor Professor of Mass Communications Jorge R. Schement Distinguished Professor of Mass Communications John Christman Associate Professor of Philosophy, Political Science, and Women’s Studies John S. Nichols Professor of Mass Communications Associate Dean for Graduate Studies and Research *Signatures are on file in the Graduate School iii ABSTRACT This study examines how socio-political blogs contribute to the development of democracy in Malaysia. It suggests that blogs perform three main functions, which help make a democracy more meaningful: blogs as fifth estate, blogs as networks, and blogs as platform for expression. First, blogs function as the fifth estate performing checks-and-balances over the government. This function is expressed by blogs’ role in the dissemination of information, providing alternative perspectives that challenge the dominant frame, and setting of news agenda. The second function of blogs is that they perform as networks. This is linked to the social-networking aspect of the blogosphere both online and offline. Blogs also have the potential to act as mobilizing agents. The mobilizing capability of blogs facilitated the mass street protests, which took place in late- 2007 and early-2008 in Malaysia.
    [Show full text]
  • Malaysian World Heritage Sites in Troubles
    MALAYSIAN WORLD HERITAGE SITES IN TROUBLES Getting to the UNESCO World Heritage List is a desire of many destinations. Malaysian cities George Town and Malacca have gotten to the list this year. These are actually the first cultural World Heritage sites in Malaysia. Malaysian officials hope the listing will bring more tourists to their country and consequently new economic profits. Nevertheless, there are problems with preserving the sites for future generations. A number of pre war houses in George Town is being demolished or renovated in a way that does not respect the heritage building preservation guidelines. The owners of the houses want to renovate their property before the guidelines are strictly enforced. According to the Penang Heritage Alert coordinator Tan Yeow Wooi, more than 30 buildings have been destroyed since January. The coordinator has suggested that the government should offer the owners soft loans or grants to restore the buildings to their original splendor. The State Local Government, Traffic Management and Environment Committee chairman Chow Kon Yeow said that teams were established to monitor the condition of the pre-war buildings. Those who care about the country’s cultural heritage hope the listing will help them to protect the discussed sites. Some people do not like the rapid development George Town has undergone in the recent years. As they see it, new shopping malls or fast food chains are ruining the city’s atmosphere. There is, however, a question. Will they be happier with the sights preserved but also with thousands of tourists coming in here? For example Malacca chief minister Mohd Ali Rustam hopes eight million tourists a year will be coming by 2010.
    [Show full text]
  • Ali Rustam .PDF
    31 OCT 2003 Melaka-Abdullah ALI RUSTAM CONGRATULATES ABDULLAH, THANKS DR M FOR CONTRIBUTIONS ALOR GAJAH, Oct 31 (Bernama) -- The Melaka Government and the people congratulated Datuk Seri Abdullah Ahmad Badawi on his appointment as Malaysia's fifth Prime Minister today, succeeding Datuk Seri Dr Mahathir Mohamad. Chief Minister Datuk Seri Mohd Ali Rustam said he hoped Abdullah would provide the continuity in the excellent leadership proven by Dr Mahathir in his 22-year rein as Prime Minister. "The people of Melaka and I are grateful to Dr Mahathir and will continue to support Datuk Seri Abdullah just like how we rallied behind Dr Mahathir," he told reporters after a meet-the-people session at the Melekek state constituency in Simpang Ampat, here. Abdullah, 64, was sworn in as Prime Minister before the Yang di-Pertuan Agong, Tuanku Syed Sirajuddin Syed Putra Jamalullail, at Istana Negara this afternoon. Abdullah, who was Deputy Prime Minister, succeeds Dr Mahathir, who retired after assuming the Prime Minister's post on July 16, 1981. Mohd Ali also conveyed the state government's highest appreciation to Dr Mahathir for his immense contributions and sacrifices to the country and people. "Only the Almighty God can reward Dr Mahathir for his good deeds to this beloved nation. "Although he is no longer the Prime Minister, the Melaka Government and the people will always welcome his visit to the state," he said. As a mark of appreciation to Dr Mahathir's contributions, Mohd Ali, who is also Melaka Barisan Nasional (BN) Chairman, said the State BN would work hard in the coming general election to deliver a resounding victory to the coalition.
    [Show full text]
  • Image Repair Theory to the Image of United Malays National Organisation (UMNO) As Proposed by Malaysian Political Scholars
    International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences 2017, Vol. 7, No. 2 ISSN: 2222-6990 Image Repair Theory to the Image of United Malays National Organisation (UMNO) as Proposed by Malaysian Political Scholars Abuzar Abdul Halim*1, Mariah Muda2, and llias Md Salleh3 *1, 2, 3 Faculty of Communication and Media Studies, Uitm Shah Alam Malaysia DOI: 10.6007/IJARBSS/v7-i2/2682 URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.6007/IJARBSS/v7-i2/2682 ABSTRACT Malaysian politics have been dominated by the United Malay National Organization (UMNO), which was formed to represent and protect the rights of Malaysia’s indigenous Malay community. Together with its junior coalition partners, MCA (the Malaysian Chinese Association) and MIC (the Malaysian Indian Congress), UMNO-led coalitions, known as the Alliance until 1973 and BN since then, have never held fewer than 60% of parliamentary seats. The image of UMNO had badly tarnished since 2008 during the result of 12th general election (GE12) on 8 March 2008 when the four states Penang, Selangor, Kedah and Kelantan loses to the opposition and lost the two-third majority in the parliament. This drastic image tarnished continue increase in 13th General Election (GE 13) on 5 May 2013 when UMNO, the core party of BN lost by popular vote to the opposition parties. The results of the 13th general election marked a political phenomenon which saw BN lead by UMNO "losing victory" while the PR "won in defeat". This study aims to understand the application of Image Repair Theory to the image of UMNO as proposed by Malaysian political scholars.
    [Show full text]
  • Penyata Rasmi Parlimen Parliamentary Debates
    Jilid III Hari Selasa Bil. 54 30hb November, 1993 MA LAY SIA PENYATA RASMI PARLIMEN PARLIAMENTARY DEBATES DEWAN RAKYAT House of Representatives PARLIMEN KELAPAN Eighth Parliament PENGGAL KETIGA Third Session KANDUNGAN JAWAPAN-JAWAPAN MULUT BAGI PERTANYAAN-PERTANYAAN (Ruangan 10399] RANG UNDANG-UNDANG DIBAWA KE DALAM MESYUARAT [Ruangan 10429) RANG UNDANG-UNDANG: Rang Undang-undang Perbekalan 1994 Jawatankuasa— Jadual: Maksud B. 22, B. 23 dan B. 24 [Ruangan 10430] Maksud B. 25 [Ruangan 10491] 30 NOVEMBER 1993 KANDUNGAN—(Samb.) USUL: Anggaran Pembangunan 1994 Jawatankuasa— Maksud P. 22, P. 23 dan P. 24 (Ruangan 10430] Maksud P. 25 [Ruangan 10491] MALAYSIA DEWAN RAKYAT YANG KELAPAN Penyata Rasmi Parlimen PENGGAL YANG KETIGA AHLI-AHLI DEWAN RAKYAT Yang Berhormat tuan Yang di-Pertua, TAN SRI DATO' MOHAMED ZAHIR BIN HAJI ISMAIL, P.M.N., S.P.M.K., D.S.D.K., J.M.N. Yang Amat Berhormat Perdana Menteri dan Menteri Dalam Negeri, DATO' SERI DR MAHATHIR BIN MOHAMAD, D.K.I., D.U.K., S.S.D.K., S.S.A.P., S.P.M.S., S.P.M.J., D.P., D.U.P.N., S.P.N.S., S.P.D.K., S.P.C.M., S.S.M.T., D.U.N.M., P.I.S. (Kubang Pasu). „ Timbalan Perdana Menteri dan Menteri Pembangunan Luar Bandar, Yang Berhormat Menteri Pengangkutan, DATO' SERI DR LING LIONG SIK, S.P.M.P., D.P.M.S., D.P.M.P., D.G.S.M. (Labis). Menteri Tenaga, Telekom dan Pos, DATO' SERI S. SAMY VELLU, S.P.M.P., S.P.M.J., D.P.M.S., P.C.M., A.M.N.
    [Show full text]
  • Issue:2013 No.3
    ISSUE:2013 NO.3 Institute of Southeast Asian Studies 30 Heng Mui Keng Terrace, Singapore 119614 [email protected] | www.iseas.edu.sg ISEAS MONITOR is a socio-political survey of Southeast Asia which examines current events to identify trends in specific countries and in the wider region. The Region: Geopolitical Overview As 2013 progresses, deep divisions over the possibility of a US-led move to attack Syria after the Assad regime’s “breach of international norms” in using chemical weapons against its own citizens highlight conflicting international stances toward the Syrian crisis. Proponents of foreign military intervention are under domestic pressure to win the widest support possible before taking action. Any such intervention in Syria risks provoking fundamentalist sentiments in the Muslim world, and may lead simmering reli- gious tensions to flare into violence in countries like Myanmar, where recent religious animosities pose a threat to ongoing reforms. The US and Russia have come some way towards narrowing their differences on Syria by starting what look like negotiations on a thoroughgoing political settlement. The East Asia Summit (EAS), to be held in October under Brunei’s chairmanship, may offer important indications both of progress on Syria and of regional views on the crisis. The EAS will also see the new Chinese leadership’s debut on the region’s political stage. The high- profile trial of Bo Xilai gives a glimpse of the enormity of the internal restructuring and reforms that the Xi-Li administration faces as it seeks to consolidate power. The need to show a strong hand will also give rise to Chinese inflexibility regarding disputes in both the South and East China Seas.
    [Show full text]
  • Melaka Dalam Geopolitik Malaysia Pada Pra Pru- 14, Pru-14 Dan Pasca Pru-14
    Volume 6 Issue 24 (June 2021) PP. 144-176 DOI 10.35631/IJLGC.6240010 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LAW, GOVERNMENT AND COMMUNICATION (IJLGC) www.ijlgc.com MELAKA DALAM GEOPOLITIK MALAYSIA PADA PRA PRU- 14, PRU-14 DAN PASCA PRU-14 MELAKA IN MALAYSIAN GEOPOLITICS ON PRE GE-14, GE-14 AND POST GE-14 Junaidi Awang Besar1* 1 Program Geografi, Pusat Kajian Pembangunan, Sosial dan Persekitaran (PKPSP) Fakulti Sains Sosial dan Kemanusiaan, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia Email: [email protected] * Corresponding Author Article Info: Abstrak: Article history: Melaka merupakan sebuah negeri yang mempunyai pengundi campuran Received date: 30.03.2021 dengan 58 peratus adalah etnik Melayu. Pengundi Melayu di negeri ini Revised date: 31.05.2021 terkenal dengan penyokong tegar dan fanatik UMNO menjadikan majoriti Accepted date: 13.06.2021 pengundi Melayu di negeri ini menyumbang kepada kemenangan besar Published date: 15.06.2021 kepada BN/UMNO dalam setiap pilihan raya umum. Negeri yang terkenal To cite this document: dengan legenda Hang Tuah dengan slogan “Tak Melayu Hilang Di Dunia” ini mempunyai pengundi yang setia menyokong UMNO yang juga merupakan Awang Besar, J. (2021). Melaka parti keramat Orang Melayu sejak sebelum merdeka lagi. Namun sejak Dalam Geopolitik Malaysia Pada Pra pilihan raya umum 2008, pengundi Cina yang asalnya juga menyokong BN PRU-14, PRU-14 Dan Pasca PRU- telah beralih kepada DAP dan parti komponen pembangkang yang lain. 14. International Journal of Law, Kawasan bandar dan majoriti pengundi etnik Cina terus dikuasai DAP dan Government and Communication, 6 parti pembangkang yang bersekutu dengannya. Kemuncaknya pada Pilihan (24), 144-176.
    [Show full text]