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(ABE) Blended in N-Dodecane for High Pressure-High Temperature Conditions : Application to Compression Ignition Engine Ob Nilaphai

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(ABE) Blended in N-Dodecane for High Pressure-High Temperature Conditions : Application to Compression Ignition Engine Ob Nilaphai Vaporization and Combustion Processes of Alcohols and Acetone-Butanol-Ethanol (ABE) blended in n-Dodecane for High Pressure-High Temperature Conditions : Application to Compression Ignition Engine Ob Nilaphai To cite this version: Ob Nilaphai. Vaporization and Combustion Processes of Alcohols and Acetone-Butanol-Ethanol (ABE) blended in n-Dodecane for High Pressure-High Temperature Conditions : Application to Com- pression Ignition Engine. Other [cond-mat.other]. Université d’Orléans, 2018. English. NNT : 2018ORLE2020. tel-02095626 HAL Id: tel-02095626 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-02095626 Submitted on 10 Apr 2019 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. UNIVERSITÉ D’ORLÉANS ÉCOLE DOCTORALE ENERGIE, MATERIAUX, SCIENCES DE LA TERRE ET DE L’UNIVERS LABORATOIRE PRISME THÈSE présentée par : Ob NILAPHAI soutenue le : 18 Octobre 2018 pour obtenir le grade de : Docteur de l’université d’Orléans Discipline/Spécialité : Mécanique et Energétique Vaporization and Combustion Processes of Alcohols and Acetone-Butanol-Ethanol (ABE) blended in n-Dodecane for High Pressure-High Temperature Conditions: Application to Compression Ignition Engine THÈSE dirigée par : Christine MOUNAÏM-ROUSSELLE Université d’Orléans – PRISME Somchai CHANCHAONA KMUTT – CERL Camille HESPEL Université d’Orléans – PRISME RAPPORTEURS : Gilles BRUNEAUX IFPen José-M GARCIA-OLIVER Universitat Politècnica de València ____________________________________________________________________ JURY: Marc BELLENOUE ENSMA – Pprime (Président) Gilles BRUNEAUX IFPen José-M GARCIA-OLIVER Universitat Politècnica de València Lyle PICKETT Sandia National Lab Christine MOUNAÏM-ROUSSELLE Université d’Orléans – PRISME Camille HESPEL Université d’Orléans – PRISME ABSTRACT This study investigates the effect of fuel properties on the spray and combustion process of Acetone-Butanol-Ethanol (ABE) mixture and alcohol fuels, blended with the diesel surrogate fuel, n-dodecane (n-Do100), in different volume ratio from 20% to 50%. These fuels were characterized in the High-Pressure and High-Temperature (HPHT) thermodynamic conditions, representing current common-rail diesel engine operating modes. For that, a new combustion chamber called “New One Shot Engine (NOSE)”, was designed and developed to provide a standard ambient condition, “Spray-A” (near 60 bar, 900 K and 22.8 kg/m3) defined by Engine Combustion Network (ECN). To validate NOSE achieved this condition, the ambient thermodynamic conditions (pressure and temperature) and gas field velocity were measured and characterized. The measured results demonstrated that NOSE can reach the standard Spray-A condition with a homogeneous ambient temperature field. Also, the simulated results and Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) measurements confirmed that the ambient gas velocity was below 1 m/s as required by ECN Spray-A specifications. Moreover, by using the standard ambient condition, the spray and combustion parameters were characterized by using the standard optical techniques, post-processing and criteria recommended by ECN. The liquid and vapor spray parameters were characterized by Diffused-Back Illumination and Schlieren techniques in non-reactive condition (pure nitrogen), while the absolute ignition delay and lift- off length were measured by OH* chemiluminescence in reactive condition (15% oxygen). The experimental results show the spray and combustion parameters performed on NOSE have a good agreement with results from ECN database, which confirms the high accuracy of the experimental set-ups and post-processing obtained in this study. The effect of fuel properties on the spray and combustion parameters of ABE-dodecane blends (ABE20, ABE30, ABE40 and ABE50) and alcohol-dodecane blends (Bu20, Bu40, Bu20Eth20 and Eth20) were investigated by these standard methods. The results show that the liquid length of ABE blends was shorter than n-Do100 and slightly decreased by increasing ABE ratio in the blend due to high volatility. In contrast, the longer liquid length was obtained by increasing quantity of alcohol in the blend. As the slightly different density for all fuels, an only slight difference in the mass flow rate, vapor spray penetration and spray angle can be observed. For the combustion characteristics, the ignition delay and lift-off length were longer than n-Do100 and increased as a function of alcohol and ABE quantity in the blends. The auto- ignition ability influenced on the stabilized flame position as lift-off length presented the same order with the ignition delay. The linear relationship between the lift-off length and ignition delay for all conditions was verified for all fuels even if their oxygen content was different. Finally, the blending ratio of ABE 20%v (ABE20) performed similar spray and combustion characteristics to n-dodedance, indicating the high possibility of using ABE as Diesel substitute fuel with minor modification. Keywords: Acetone-Butanol-Ethanol blend, Alcohol blend, Spray Characteristics, Lift-Off Length, Ignition Delay, High-Pressure High-Temperature Conditions. ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT First of all, I would like to express my gratitude to my thesis supervisors, Prof. Dr. Christine Mounaïm-Rousselle, Assoc. Prof. Somchai Chanchaona and Assoc. Prof. Camille Hespel, who have given me the opportunity to pursue this research and whose expertise, understanding and patience considerably improved my graduate experience. I would like to thank to Prof. Dr. Fabrice Foucher for his precious help concerning experimental set-ups and his accurate comments related to scientific publications. I would like to sincerely thank to the Faculty of Engineering at Si Racha, Kasetsart University Sriracha Campus, Thailand, where is my present affiliation to give me an opportunity and financial support to pursue the PhD. Also, I would like to acknowledge the National Research Agency (contract ANR-14-CE22-0015-01) for financial support to the ECN-France project and Region Centre Val de Loire and FEDER for financial support to build the experimental set-up (CPER 2007-2013 Energies du Futur). The sincere gratitude is expressed to Dr. Gilles Bruneaux, researcher at IFPen and leader of ECN-France project and Assoc. Prof. Dr. Jose M Garcia-Oliver, from the Department of Thermal Engines and Machines (CMT-Motores Térmicos), Universitat Politècnica de València, for accepting to review my thesis manuscript. I would like to express my appreciation to Dr. Lyle Pickett, the expert researcher from Sandia National Lab and Prof. Dr. Marc Bellenoue, from ENSMA-Pprime, for accepting to be the thesis examining committee. My thanks also express to Dr. Michele Bardi and Dr. Louis-Marie Malbec from IFPen for interesting discussions that helped me to refine the analysis. This thesis was carried out at the PRISME Laboratory of Université d'Orléans. Therefore, I would like to thank staffs of ECM research group, Bruno Moreau, Yahia Haidous, Julien Lemaire, as well as Sylvie Plessard, for all technical and friendly supports. I am very thankfull Dr. Padipan Tinprabath for all his supports and recommendations when I came to France. Also, I would like to thank Hugo Ajrouche who is a colleague and good friend for iii scientific discussions, kindness and trust. My special thanks are expressed to Dr. Pierre Brequigny and Dr. Florian Lespinasse for technical supports and advices. I must also thank to all members of the PRISME laboratory for their friendship, helping and scientific discussion: Salim Sayssouk, Mehdi Sadeghi, Charles Endouard, Ricardo lomba, Jean-Baptiste Masurier, Amine Labreche, Pietro M. Pinazzi, Marco Simonetti, Ronnachart Munsin, Antoine Simon, Marco Di Lorenzo, Charles Lhuillier, Tung-Lam Nguyen, Anthony Roque, Nicolas Seignour and other members. My gratitude especially to my parents and brother who have supported and had faith in me. In the last, I would like to thank my wife and daughter for their understanding, believing and staying beside me during PhD thesis. iv CONTENTS 1. Energy and Environment Background ............................................................................. 1 2. Technical Background ...................................................................................................... 2 3. Research Objective ........................................................................................................... 4 4. Thesis Outline ................................................................................................................... 5 1.1 Energy Consumption and CO2 Distribution Outlook ................................................... 7 1.2 Compression Ignition (CI) Engine .............................................................................. 12 1.3 Diesel Spray and Combustion Characteristics ............................................................ 14 1.3.1 Mass flow rate of fuel .......................................................................................... 15 1.3.2 Liquid length penetration....................................................................................
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