DOCSLIB.ORG

Hypolipidemic Activity of the Lipids from Clanis Bilineata

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Hypolipidemic Activity of the Lipids from Clanis Bilineata Hypolipidemic activity of the lipids from Clanis bilineata (Lepidoptera), an edible insect Shengjun Wu SHENGJUN WU HuaiHai Institute of Technology, School of Marine Science and Technology, 59 Cangwu Road, Xinpu, 222005, China KEYWORDS: Clanis bilineata larvae; hypolipidemic activity; lipids. ABSTRACT: The present work was carried out to determine the hypolipidemic activities of the lipids from Clanis bilineata larvae (Lepidoptera) (LCBL) in rats. Three groups of rats were fed diets containing either high fat or LCBL, or a normal fat for 6 weeks. Effective inhibition of body weight gain relative to high fat and normal fat groups was observed for the LCBL group. Compared with high fat and normal fat groups, LCBL group showed decreased plasma triacylglycerol (TG), total cholesterol (TC), as well as decreased plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) level. Fecal fat and cholesterol of the LCBL group were lower than those of normal fat group and comparable to the HF group. The results suggest that LCBL may be a suitable alterative hypolipidemic source for humans. INTRODUCTION According to DeFoliart some insects contain more essential fatty acids, like linoleic and/or linolenic acids, compared to Many studies indicate that edible insects are potential food meat (8). Therefore, high content of the linolenic acid in CBL resource for human beings (1, 2). Clanis bilineata (CB) Walker may have some physiological effect on human. is a member of the subfamily Ambulicinae (Sphingidae, Functional food Lepidoptera) that usually grows on soybean leaves. It is an The body weight gain (WG), food intake (FI), and food edible insect, and ~ 6000 tones of CB larvae (CBL) are efficiency ratio (FER) consumed in China each year. WG, FI, and FER of rats after 6 weeks are shown in Table 1. In addition to be a food resource for human beings, many The rats in HF group showed a significant increase in WG edible insects including CBL were reported for their compared with the NF control (p < 0.05). At the same time, hypolipidemic activity without characterizing the active WG of the LCBL group decreased significantly (p < 0.05). ingredients in their samples (3). Polyunsaturated fatty acid, There was no significant difference in food intake among the which has hypolipidemic activity (4), was reported for the 3 groups (p > 0.05). The FER of rats in HF group was higher presence in the body of the edible insects (1, 2). than that of other 2 groups (p < 0.05). This suggested that In this paper, the fat content in CBL was determined, the LCBL was able to inhibit the increase of body weight of the fatty acids of the fat were characterised, and the rats fed high-fat diets. hypolipidemic activity of LCBL was studied. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION - January/February 2013 Vol. 24(1) Total lipid content The total lipid content in CBL was 23.31percent g/100g dry weight, which was comparable to that of cicada (23.98 g/100g dry weight) and higher than those of June beetle Industry Hi Tech (0.34 g/100g dry weight) (2). The different lipid content of OOD edible insects could be ascribed to the different species. F Table 1. Body weight gain of rats (WG), Food intake (FI), food gro efficiency ratio (FER) of rats fed on high fat, Clanis bilineata A Fatty acid composition protein (CBP), and normal fat diets. The proportion of unsaturated fatty acids of CBL was 72.34 Values are expressed as mean ± SE (n=6). Means with different superscripts within a row indicate significant differences (p<0.05). percent (w/w). It is noteworthy that the linolenic acid content was 46.21 percent (w/w). Jensen et al. reported that infants who received formula with 3.2 percent (w/w) α-linolenic acid had higher plasma concentrations of the phospholipid docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) but lower concentrations of arachidonic acid at 21, 60, and 120 days of age (5). Peterson and Calder observed that spleen lymphocyte proliferation of rats in response to concanavalin A was significantly reduced (by 60 percent) by feeding them a diet containing higher levels of γ-linolenic acid (6). Dai et al. reported that both Table 2. Fecal fat and cholesterol excretion of rats. Values are expressed as mean ± SE (n=6). Means with different α-linolenic acid and γ-linolenic acid could decrease on superscripts within a row indicate significant differences (p<0.05). blood-lipid levels in hyperlipidemia people (7). 52 Fecal fat and cholesterol excretion of rats The fatty acid methyl esters were recovered after solvent The lipid contents of the dried feces collected in the last 3 day evaporation under vacuum (10). The fatty acid methyl esters measured are shown in Table 2. The fecal fat and cholesterol were analyzed using a Trace 2000 GC series gas contents in the LCBL group were higher than those in the NF chromatograph and Thermo mass spectrometer. A SGE BPx70 groups (p < 0.05) and comparable to the HF group. column (60 m×0.25 mm, 0.25 mm film thickness) was used. The carrier gas was helium at a rate of 1 mL/min. The oven Plasma lipid concentrations of rats temperature was kept at 100°C for 5 min and programmed to The plasma lipid concentrations of the rats are shown in 240°C at a rate of 4°C/min and kept constant at 240°C for 5 Table 3. After 6 weeks of high fat diets, the plasma TC and TG min. The injection and source temperatures were 250°C and concentrations of the HF group increased compared with 220°C, respectively. MS interface temperature was 240°C. The those of the NF control (p < 0.05). However, the addition of injection volume was 0.5 mL with a split ratio of 1:30. EI/MS LCBL to the high-fat diet decreased the TG and TC levels (p < were taken at 70 eV ionization energy. Mass range was from 0.05). The plasma LDL-C level of the LCBL group decreased m/z 50 to 650 amu, scan time was 0.5 s with a 0.1 interscan significantly compared with the HF group (p < 0.05). The delay. The library search was carried out using NIST and Wiley HDL-C level of HF was significantly lower than those of the GC/MS library and TÜBÍTAKUME library. SupelcoTM 37 other 2 groups (p < 0.05). Sun et al. reported that six selected components FAME mixture (Catalogue no: 47885-U) was used edible insects, including CBL, could reduce the levels of total for the comparison of the GC chromatograms. The relative serum cholesterol and TG in mice in different degree (3). percentage of separated compounds was calculated from Therefore, our results here are consistent with that observed Total Ion Chromatography by the computerized integrator. by them. Test animals Male Sprague-Dawley rats, weighing 113 ± 9 g , were used in the experiment. The rats were housed individually in metabolic Functional food cages fitted with glass separators for urine and feces collection and kept in an air-conditioned room maintained at 22 ± 1°C with a 12-h light and dark cycle. All animal protocols were approved by the institutional animal care and use committee of HuaiHai Institute of Technology (Jiangsu, China). Rats were allowed free access to food and water. 36 rats were fed ad libitum with a commercial diet and water for 5 days, and were then randomly grouped into 3 groups (12 rats per group): normal fat group (NF), receiving the Table 3. Plasma lipid concentrations of rats. commercial diet (Table 4) conformed to GB14924.3; high-fat Values are expressed as mean ± SE (n=6). Means with different control group (HF), receiving high-fat diet containing 10 superscripts within a row indicate significant differences (p<0.05). percent (w/w) lard, 15 percent (w/w) egg yolk powder, 1 A percent (w/w) cholesterol and commercial diet to 100 gro F percent (w/w); LCBL group, receiving 95 percent (w/w) high- OOD EXPERIMENTAL SECTION fat diets plus 5 percent (w/w) LCBL. The diets were prepared by blending powdered commercial basal diet with other Industry Hi Tech Materials ingredients and with test materials then pelleting. Hibernating 5th instar CBL were purchased from a local agricultural market. Soybean oil (Golden Dragon fish, Kerry Oils & Grains, Shanghai, China) was obtained from a - January/February 2013 Vol. 24(1) supermarket without any further treatment. Triacylglycerol (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and low- and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C and HDL-C) kits were purchased from Zhejiang Dongou Bioengineering Co. Ltd. (Wenzhou, China). Characterization of LCBL The larvae were washed with tap water, killed with hot water (90°C), and dried at 60°C to a constant weight. The dried CBL was crushed into a fine paste. Lipid levels were determined using a Soxhlet extractor with diethyl ether as the solvent (sample of 2 g) (9). The CBL paste was defatted using a supercritical carbon dioxide extraction method (Model: HA 420-40-96, Jiangsu Huaan Scientific Instrument Co., Ltd., Jiangsu, China) with the following parameters: dried CBL, 20 g; approximate size of dried CBL, 0.53 mm; supercritical CO2 flow rate, 20 L/min; pressure, 25 MPa; temperature, 35°C and time, 60 min. The LCBL was refluxed with 0.5 N sodium hydroxide solution in methanol (5 mL) for 10 min. Then 5 mL of 14 percent BF3- MeOH solution was added by a pipette through the condenser and the contents were boiled for 2 min, followed by 5 mL of heptane and further boiling for 1 min. The solutions Table 4. The composition of the commercial diet.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Sphingidae (Lepidoptera) of the Philippines
    ©Entomologischer Verein Apollo e.V. Frankfurt am Main; download unter www.zobodat.at Nachr. entomol. Ver. Apollo, Suppl. 17: 17-132 (1998) 17 The Sphingidae (Lepidoptera) of the Philippines Willem H o g e n e s and Colin G. T r e a d a w a y Willem Hogenes, Zoologisch Museum Amsterdam, Afd. Entomologie, Plantage Middenlaan 64, NL-1018 DH Amsterdam, The Netherlands Colin G. T readaway, Entomologie II, Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg, Senckenberganlage 25, D-60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany Abstract: This publication covers all Sphingidae known from the Philippines at this time in the form of an annotated checklist. (A concise checklist of the species can be found in Table 4, page 120.) Distribution maps are included as well as 18 colour plates covering all but one species. Where no specimens of a particular spe­ cies from the Philippines were available to us, illustrations are given of specimens from outside the Philippines. In total we have listed 117 species (with 5 additional subspecies where more than one subspecies of a species exists in the Philippines). Four tables are provided: 1) a breakdown of the number of species and endemic species/subspecies for each subfamily, tribe and genus of Philippine Sphingidae; 2) an evaluation of the number of species as well as endemic species/subspecies per island for the nine largest islands of the Philippines plus one small island group for comparison; 3) an evaluation of the Sphingidae endemicity for each of Vane-Wright’s (1990) faunal regions. From these tables it can be readily deduced that the highest species counts can be encountered on the islands of Palawan (73 species), Luzon (72), Mindanao, Leyte and Negros (62 each).
    [Show full text]
  • Biodiversity, Evolution and Ecological Specialization of Baculoviruses: A
    Biodiversity, Evolution and Ecological Specialization of Baculoviruses: A Treasure Trove for Future Applied Research Julien Thézé, Carlos Lopez-Vaamonde, Jenny Cory, Elisabeth Herniou To cite this version: Julien Thézé, Carlos Lopez-Vaamonde, Jenny Cory, Elisabeth Herniou. Biodiversity, Evolution and Ecological Specialization of Baculoviruses: A Treasure Trove for Future Applied Research. Viruses, MDPI, 2018, 10 (7), pp.366. 10.3390/v10070366. hal-02140538 HAL Id: hal-02140538 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02140538 Submitted on 26 May 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution| 4.0 International License viruses Article Biodiversity, Evolution and Ecological Specialization of Baculoviruses: A Treasure Trove for Future Applied Research Julien Thézé 1,2, Carlos Lopez-Vaamonde 1,3 ID , Jenny S. Cory 4 and Elisabeth A. Herniou 1,* ID 1 Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l’Insecte, UMR 7261, CNRS—Université de Tours, 37200 Tours, France; [email protected] (J.T.); [email protected]
    [Show full text]
  • Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Extraction of Oil from Clanis Bilineata (Lepidoptera), an Edible Insect
    African Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 11(20), pp. 4607-4610, 8 March, 2012 Available online at http://www.academicjournals.org/AJB DOI: 10.5897/AJB11.4102 ISSN 1684–5315 © 2012 Academic Journals Full Length Research Paper Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of oil from Clanis bilineata (Lepidoptera), an edible insect Shengjun Wu School of Marine Science and Technology, HuaiHai Institute of Technology, 59 Cangwu Road, Xinpu 222005, China. E- mail: [email protected]. Tel: 86-051885895427. Fax: 86-051885895428. Accepted 16 February, 2012 Oil was extracted from the dry meat of Clanis bilineata (Lepidoptera) using supercritical carbon dioxide in a continuous flow extractor. The following optimum extraction conditions were investigated: temperature, 35°C; pressure, 25 MPa; supercritical CO2 flow rate, 20 L/min and time, 60 min. Under these extraction conditions, the oil extraction rate reached up to 97% (w/w). The level of unsaturated fatty acids in the extracted oil was 63.21% (w/w). In addition, the level of linolenic acid, a functional fatty acid, was as high as 37.61% (w/w) of the total fatty acids. Results of the present work indicate that C. bilineata (Lepidoptera) may be a promising oil resource for humans. Key words: Supercritical CO2, Clanis bilineata, fatty acids, oil. INTRODUCTION Many studies on a variety of edible insects which grow in dried CB meat, 0.53 mm; supercritical CO2 flow rate, 20 L/min; the wild indicate that these insects are potential sources pressure, 25 MPa; temperature, 35°C and time, 60 min. of oil for food and medicine (Chen, 1997; Raksakantong et al., 2010; Wu et al., 2000).
    [Show full text]
  • Phylogeny and Biogeography of Hawkmoths (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae): Evidence from Five Nuclear Genes
    Phylogeny and Biogeography of Hawkmoths (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae): Evidence from Five Nuclear Genes Akito Y. Kawahara1*, Andre A. Mignault1, Jerome C. Regier2, Ian J. Kitching3, Charles Mitter1 1 Department of Entomology, College Park, Maryland, United States of America, 2 Center for Biosystems Research, University of Maryland Biotechnology Institute, College Park, Maryland, United States of America, 3 Department of Entomology, The Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom Abstract Background: The 1400 species of hawkmoths (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae) comprise one of most conspicuous and well- studied groups of insects, and provide model systems for diverse biological disciplines. However, a robust phylogenetic framework for the family is currently lacking. Morphology is unable to confidently determine relationships among most groups. As a major step toward understanding relationships of this model group, we have undertaken the first large-scale molecular phylogenetic analysis of hawkmoths representing all subfamilies, tribes and subtribes. Methodology/Principal Findings: The data set consisted of 131 sphingid species and 6793 bp of sequence from five protein-coding nuclear genes. Maximum likelihood and parsimony analyses provided strong support for more than two- thirds of all nodes, including strong signal for or against nearly all of the fifteen current subfamily, tribal and sub-tribal groupings. Monophyly was strongly supported for some of these, including Macroglossinae, Sphinginae, Acherontiini, Ambulycini, Philampelini, Choerocampina, and Hemarina. Other groupings proved para- or polyphyletic, and will need significant redefinition; these include Smerinthinae, Smerinthini, Sphingini, Sphingulini, Dilophonotini, Dilophonotina, Macroglossini, and Macroglossina. The basal divergence, strongly supported, is between Macroglossinae and Smerinthinae+Sphinginae. All genes contribute significantly to the signal from the combined data set, and there is little conflict between genes.
    [Show full text]
  • Notes on Hawk Moths ( Lepidoptera — Sphingidae )
    Colemania, Number 33, pp. 1-16 1 Published : 30 January 2013 ISSN 0970-3292 © Kumar Ghorpadé Notes on Hawk Moths (Lepidoptera—Sphingidae) in the Karwar-Dharwar transect, peninsular India: a tribute to T.R.D. Bell (1863-1948)1 KUMAR GHORPADÉ Post-Graduate Teacher and Research Associate in Systematic Entomology, University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 221, K.C. Park P.O., Dharwar 580 008, India. E-mail: [email protected] R.R. PATIL Professor and Head, Department of Agricultural Entomology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Krishi Nagar, Dharwar 580 005, India. E-mail: [email protected] MALLAPPA K. CHANDARAGI Doctoral student, Department of Agricultural Entomology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Krishi Nagar, Dharwar 580 005, India. E-mail: [email protected] Abstract. This is an update of the Hawk-Moths flying in the transect between the cities of Karwar and Dharwar in northern Karnataka state, peninsular India, based on and following up on the previous fairly detailed study made by T.R.D. Bell around Karwar and summarized in the 1937 FAUNA OF BRITISH INDIA volume on Sphingidae. A total of 69 species of 27 genera are listed. The Western Ghats ‘Hot Spot’ separates these towns, one that lies on the coast of the Arabian Sea and the other further east, leeward of the ghats, on the Deccan Plateau. The intervening tract exhibits a wide range of habitats and altitudes, lying in the North Kanara and Dharwar districts of Karnataka. This paper is also an update and summary of Sphingidae flying in peninsular India. Limited field sampling was done; collections submitted by students of the Agricultural University at Dharwar were also examined and are cited here .
    [Show full text]
  • The Mcguire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity
    Supplemental Information All specimens used within this study are housed in: the McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity (MGCL) at the Florida Museum of Natural History, Gainesville, USA (FLMNH); the University of Maryland, College Park, USA (UMD); the Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle in Paris, France (MNHN); and the Australian National Insect Collection in Canberra, Australia (ANIC). Methods DNA extraction protocol of dried museum specimens (detailed instructions) Prior to tissue sampling, dried (pinned or papered) specimens were assigned MGCL barcodes, photographed, and their labels digitized. Abdomens were then removed using sterile forceps, cleaned with 100% ethanol between each sample, and the remaining specimens were returned to their respective trays within the MGCL collections. Abdomens were placed in 1.5 mL microcentrifuge tubes with the apex of the abdomen in the conical end of the tube. For larger abdomens, 5 mL microcentrifuge tubes or larger were utilized. A solution of proteinase K (Qiagen Cat #19133) and genomic lysis buffer (OmniPrep Genomic DNA Extraction Kit) in a 1:50 ratio was added to each abdomen containing tube, sufficient to cover the abdomen (typically either 300 µL or 500 µL) - similar to the concept used in Hundsdoerfer & Kitching (1). Ratios of 1:10 and 1:25 were utilized for low quality or rare specimens. Low quality specimens were defined as having little visible tissue inside of the abdomen, mold/fungi growth, or smell of bacterial decay. Samples were incubated overnight (12-18 hours) in a dry air oven at 56°C. Importantly, we also adjusted the ratio depending on the tissue type, i.e., increasing the ratio for particularly large or egg-containing abdomens.
    [Show full text]
  • (Lepidoptera: Heterocera) of Jeli, Kelantan, Malaysia N. FAUZI , K
    Malayan Nature Journal 2013, 65(4), 280-287 A preliminary checklist of macromoths (Lepidoptera: Heterocera) of Jeli, Kelantan, Malaysia N. FAUZI1, K. HAMBALI1 , F.K. EAN1, N.S. SUBKI1, S.A. NAWAWI1, and M. H. JAMALUDIN2 Abstract : Limited information is available on moth diversity in the Jeli District of Kelantan. An initial checklist of moths at three sites, namely Gunung Stong Tengah State Park, Jeli Permanent Forest Reserve and Gemang within the Jeli district, Kelantan was documented. A total of 161 species was recorded and included in the list. Keywords: Checklist, Macromoths, Lepidoptera, Jeli, Kelantan. INTRODUCTION Studies on moth diversity in different habitats and conditions in Malaysia such as tropical rainforest (Barlow 1989; Schulze and Fiedler 1997), lowland tropical rainforest (Robinson & Tuck ,1993; Intachat and Holloway, 2000), hill dipterocarp forest (Abang and Karim, 2005), peat swamp forest (Abang and Karim 1999) and plantation area (Chey 1994) elucidated that the diversity values differs due to the difference in vegetation types, altitudes and status of the forest. The highest diversity of macromoths was found from the lower montane forest at the altitude of about 1000m (Holloway 1984). Conversely, the sites of the mixed dipterocarp forest, mostly has low diversity value (Holloway 1984). One of the factors that have been considered as contributing to the lower moth diversity in the lowland areas is the predominance of dipterocarps, which are known to have a high content of alkaloids (defense against insects) in their foliage (Holloway 1984). The study on the zonation in the Lepidoptera of northern Sulawesi found that the highest diversity is found in the range of 600m to 1000m (Holloway et al.
    [Show full text]
  • A Systematic Review of Possible Human and Animal Health Risks Related to Entomophagy
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Institutional Research Information System University of Turin Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition ISSN: 1040-8398 (Print) 1549-7852 (Online) Journal homepage: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/bfsn20 Ugly but tasty: a systematic review of possible human and animal health risks related to entomophagy Marco Testa, Michela Stillo, Giulia Maffei, Violetta Andriolo, Paolo Gardois & Carla Maria Zotti To cite this article: Marco Testa, Michela Stillo, Giulia Maffei, Violetta Andriolo, Paolo Gardois & Carla Maria Zotti (2016): Ugly but tasty: a systematic review of possible human and animal health risks related to entomophagy, Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2016.1162766 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2016.1162766 Accepted author version posted online: 23 Mar 2016. Submit your article to this journal Article views: 34 View related articles View Crossmark data Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at http://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=bfsn20 Download by: [Universita degli Studi di Torino] Date: 04 April 2016, At: 05:52 ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT Ugly but tasty: a systematic review of possible human and animal health risks related to entomophagy Marco Testa1,*, Michela Stillo2, Giulia Maffei3, Violetta Andriolo4, Paolo Gardois5, Carla Maria Zotti6 1Department of Sciences of Public Health and Pediatrics, Turin, 10126 Italy, United States Email:
    [Show full text]
  • Far Eastern Entomologist Number 429: 8-11 April 2021
    Far Eastern Entomologist ISSN 1026-051X (print edition) Number 429: 8-11 ISSN 2713-2196 (online edition) April 2021 https://doi.org/10.25221/fee.429.2 http://zoobank.org/References/36A71DD0-FE2B-4D2B-BBEC-9BA2C73FA989 FIRST RECORD OF NOCTUID MOTH CALLOPISTRIA AETHIOPS BUTLER, 1878 (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE) FROM SOUTHERN PRIMORYE AS AN EXAMPLE OF THE EAST ASIAN SPECIES PENETRATING IN RUSSIAN FAUNA V. V. Dubatolov1, 2) 1) Federal State Institution "Zapovednoe Priamurye", Yubileinaya street, 8, Bychikha village, Khabarovskii Krai, 680502, Russia. E-mail: [email protected] 2) Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Frunze str. 11, Novosibirsk, 630091, Russia. Summary. An East Asian-Oriental noctuid species Callopistria aethiops Butler, 1878 is recorded from Russia for the first time. The trend of invasions of the southern Macroheterocera species into the Russian Far East has existed at least during last century but is noticeably increased during last 20 years. Key words: Lepidoptera, Noctuidae, fauna, new record, invasion, Primorskii Krai, Russia. В. В. Дубатолов. Первая находка совки Callopistria aethiops Butler, 1878 (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) в Южном Приморье как пример внедрения восточноазиатских видов в фауну России // Дальневосточный энтомолог. 2021. N 429. С. 8-11. Резюме. Восточноазиатско-ориентальная совка Callopistria aethiops Butler, 1878 впервые найдена в России. Показано, что тенденция проникновения южных видов макрочешуекрылых на Дальний Восток России отмечена, по крайней мере, в течение ста лет, но наиболее ярко она выражена в последние два десятилетия. INTRODUCTION During an excursion to Vitjaz Bay (Khasan District in Primorskii Krai) in September 2020, a new for Russian fauna noctuid moth was collected among other 73 late summer and autumn Macroheterocera species.
    [Show full text]
  • A DNA Barcoding System Integrating Multigene Sequence Data
    Methods in Ecology and Evolution 2015, 6, 930–937 doi: 10.1111/2041-210X.12366 A DNA Barcoding system integrating multigene sequence data Douglas Chesters1,Wei-MinZheng2 and Chao-Dong Zhu1* 1Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution (CAS), Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; and 2Institute of Information Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China Summary 1. A number of systems have been developed for taxonomic identification of DNA sequence data. However, in eukaryotes, these systems are largely based on single predefined genes, and thus are vulnerable to biases from lim- ited character sampling, and are not able to identify most sequences of genomic origin. 2. We here demonstrate an implementation for multigene DNA barcoding. First, a reference framework is built of frequently sequenced loci. Query sequence data are then organized by excising sequences homologous to refer- ences and assigning species names where the level of sequence similarity between query and reference falls within the (gene-appropriate) level of intraspecific variation usually observed. The approach is compared to some exist- ing methods including ‘bagpipe_phylo’, a re-implementation for taxonomic assignment on phylogenies. 3. Seventy-eight per cent of the species and 94% of the genera known to be present in arthropod test queries were correctly inferred by the proposed multigene system. Most critically, the rate of species identification was increased over using a COI-only approach. Twenty-four per cent of species in the queries were found only in non-COI genes, with no clear reduction in the accuracy of species assignment at many of these other loci.
    [Show full text]
  • Marine Insects
    UC San Diego Scripps Institution of Oceanography Technical Report Title Marine Insects Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1pm1485b Author Cheng, Lanna Publication Date 1976 eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California Marine Insects Edited by LannaCheng Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, La Jolla, Calif. 92093, U.S.A. NORTH-HOLLANDPUBLISHINGCOMPANAY, AMSTERDAM- OXFORD AMERICANELSEVIERPUBLISHINGCOMPANY , NEWYORK © North-Holland Publishing Company - 1976 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise,without the prior permission of the copyright owner. North-Holland ISBN: 0 7204 0581 5 American Elsevier ISBN: 0444 11213 8 PUBLISHERS: NORTH-HOLLAND PUBLISHING COMPANY - AMSTERDAM NORTH-HOLLAND PUBLISHING COMPANY LTD. - OXFORD SOLEDISTRIBUTORSFORTHEU.S.A.ANDCANADA: AMERICAN ELSEVIER PUBLISHING COMPANY, INC . 52 VANDERBILT AVENUE, NEW YORK, N.Y. 10017 Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Main entry under title: Marine insects. Includes indexes. 1. Insects, Marine. I. Cheng, Lanna. QL463.M25 595.700902 76-17123 ISBN 0-444-11213-8 Preface In a book of this kind, it would be difficult to achieve a uniform treatment for each of the groups of insects discussed. The contents of each chapter generally reflect the special interests of the contributors. Some have presented a detailed taxonomic review of the families concerned; some have referred the readers to standard taxonomic works, in view of the breadth and complexity of the subject concerned, and have concentrated on ecological or physiological aspects; others have chosen to review insects of a specific set of habitats.
    [Show full text]
  • Baculovirus Enhancins and Their Role in Viral Pathogenicity
    9 Baculovirus Enhancins and Their Role in Viral Pathogenicity James M. Slavicek USDA Forest Service USA 1. Introduction Baculoviruses are a large group of viruses pathogenic to arthropods, primarily insects from the order Lepidoptera and also insects in the orders Hymenoptera and Diptera (Moscardi 1999; Herniou & Jehle, 2007). Baculoviruses have been used to control insect pests on agricultural crops and forests around the world (Moscardi, 1999; Szewczk et al., 2006, 2009; Erlandson 2008). Efforts have been ongoing for the last two decades to develop strains of baculoviruses with greater potency or other attributes to decrease the cost of their use through a lower cost of production or application. Early efforts focused on the insertion of foreign genes into the genomes of baculoviruses that would increase viral killing speed for use to control agricultural insect pests (Black et al., 1997; Bonning & Hammock, 1996). More recently, research efforts have focused on viral genes that are involved in the initial and early processes of infection and host factors that impede successful infection (Rohrmann, 2011). The enhancins are proteins produced by some baculoviruses that are involved in one of the earliest events of host infection. This article provides a review of baculovirus enhancins and their role in the earliest phases of viral infection. 2. Lepidopteran specific baculoviruses The Baculoviridae are divided into four genera: the Alphabaculovirus (lepidopteran-specific nucleopolyhedroviruses, NPV), Betabaculovirus (lepidopteran specific Granuloviruses, GV), Gammabaculovirus (hymenopteran-specific NPV), and Deltabaculovirus (dipteran-specific NPV) (Jehle et al., 2006). Baculoviruses are arthropod-specific viruses with rod-shaped nucleocapsids ranging in size from 30-60 nm x 250-300 nm.
    [Show full text]