DOCSLIB.ORG

Manuscripts Currently Available (July ) Through the Hill Museum & Manuscript Library

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Manuscripts Currently Available (July ) Through the Hill Museum & Manuscript Library Manuscripts Currently Available (July ) through the Hill Museum & Manuscript Library Syriac and Syriac-Tradition Collections May include Arabic and Garšūnī manuscripts. I In collaboration with the Association for the Preservation of the St. omas Chris- tian Heritage. Ernakulam Syro-Malabar Major Archbishopric Pampakuda Konat Collection Piramadam Gethsame Dayro Koayam Saint Ephrem Ecumenical Research Institute (SEERI) Mar oma Seminary, Koayam Mannanam Monastery of St. Joseph rissur Chaldean Syrian Church (Assyrian Church of the East) Trivandrum Syro-Malankara Major Archbishopric I In collaboration with the Centre Numérique des Manuscrits Orientaux. Alqosh Chaldean Diocese Ankawa Bishop Jacques Isac Pontifical Babel College Library Museum of Syrian Heritage Baghdad Syrian Catholic Archdiocese Dominican Fathers Saint Peter Seminary for Chaldean Patriarchate in Iraq Baqofa Saint George Chaldean Church Bartelli St. George Syrian Catholic Church Batnaya Chaldean Church Dawdia Église Mar Youhanna Al-Mamdane Duhok Chaldean Diocese Erbil Chaldean Archdiocese Kirkuk Chaldean Archdiocese Komani Église Mar Qyriacos Mangesh Mar Gorges Chaldean Church Mosul Syrian Orthodox Archdiocese Dominican Friars Mar Behnam Monastery Qaraqosh Syrian Catholic Diocese Église Mar Yaqub Église Mar Yuhana Al-Mamdane Mar Sarkis and Bakhos Syrian Orthodox Church Saint Ephrem Institute Tellesqof Saint George Chaldean Church Zakho Chaldean Archdiocese Virgin Mary Syrian Catholic Church Various Private libraries in Alqosh, Baghdad, Kanda- Kossa, Karmless, Mosul, Qaraqosh, Tellesqof J Old City Saint Mark’s Monastery L Beirut Université Saint-Joseph Hrash Sisters of St. John the Baptist Jounieh Lebanese Maronite Missionary Order Kaslik Lebanese Maronite Order Louaize Notre Dame University (BYU legacy digital col- lection and new color images) S Aleppo Syriac Orthodox Archdiocese (Urfa Coll.) Syriac Orthodox Archdiocese (St. Ephrem Coll.) Syriac Catholic Archdiocese Homs Syriac Orthodox Archdiocese (incl. Sadad, etc.) T Diyarbakır Meryem Ana Syriac Orthodox Church Mardin Church of the Forty Martyrs Deir Ulzaferan Midyat Monastery of Mor Gabriel, villages of Ṭur ʿAbdin ca. Christian Arabic Collections L Al-Harf Monastery of St. George Balamand Our Lady of Balamand Monastery Institute for Antiochian Orthodox Heritage Beirut Near East School of eology Université Saint-Joseph (incl. Islamic mss) Bzommar Clergy Institute of Bzommar (Arabic collection) Hamatoura Monastery of Our Lady Harissa Paulist Order Jounieh Aleppan Basilian Order Khonchara Chouerite Basilian Order Kosba Monastery of St. Dimitri Shwayya Monastery of St. Elias Various Antiochene Orthodox collections in the Diocese of Mount Lebanon S Aleppo Greek-Catholic Archdiocese, Archbishopric Coll. Greek-Catholic Archdiocese, Sbath/Salem Syriac Orthodox Archdiocese, St. Ephrem Coll. Damascus Greek-Catholic Patriarchate Homs St. George Al-Hmayra Monastery St. Elian Antiochian Orthodox Church Antiochian Orthodox Bishopric Armenian Manuscripts Aleppo Armenian Orthodox Diocese Antelias Catholicosate of Cilicia Bzommar Clergy Institute of Bzommar (Bzommar, Anto- nine, and New collections) Istanbul Armenian Patriarchate Vienna Mechitarist Fathers (microfilm) Contact • www.hmml.org • Columba Stewart: [email protected] • Adam McCollum: [email protected] Last updated: July , • Typeset in X LAE TEX .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • ASOR Cultural Heritage Initiatives (CHI): Planning for Safeguarding Heritage Sites in Syria and Iraq1
    ASOR Cultural Heritage Initiatives (CHI): Planning for Safeguarding Heritage Sites in Syria and Iraq1 NEA-PSHSS-14-001 Weekly Report 41 — May 19, 2015 (Submitted May 20, 2015) Michael D. Danti, Cheikhmous Ali, Tate Paulette, Kathryn Franklin, Allison Cuneo, LeeAnn Barnes Gordon, and David Elitzer Executive Summary During the reporting period, the key areas of concern for cultural heritage in the conflict zone were the UNESCO World Heritage Site of Palmyra (Tadmor) and ongoing damage to the UNESCO World Heritage Site Ancient City of Aleppo. At the time of the writing of this executive summary, the town of Tadmor and the archaeological site of Palmyra are reportedly under the control of ISIL following a rapid military advance on the town, and cultural heritage in the region is at extreme risk for theft, damage, and destruction. Events in Tadmor continue to evolve rapidly. Another key concern is the status of cultural heritage and cultural infrastructure in the area of Ramadi, Iraq, recently captured by ISIL. Little information is forthcoming regarding the status of heritage sites in this region. ASOR CHI continues to document the extensive heritage damage in Iraq’s Ninawa Governorate (see IHI Incident Reports included in this report). Key Points • ISIL now controls the Syrian town of Tadmor and the UNESCO World Heritage Site of Palmyra. (pp. 8, 29–37) • ISIL now controls the provincial capital city of Ramadi in Iraq. The status of heritage in this area is difficult to ascertain at the present time. (p. 10) • Ten countries in the Middle East and North Africa (Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Oman, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, and the United Arab Emirates) have announced the Cairo Declaration, a regional action plan designed to stop the illicit looting and trafficking of antiquities.
    [Show full text]
  • The Expulsion of Christians from Nineveh
    Nasara The Expulsion of Christians from Nineveh Paul Kingery Introduction: Mosul is Iraq’s second largest city, the site of Biblical Nineveh where Jonah and Nahum preached, and where later, according to local tradition, Jesus’ Apostles Thomas and Judas (Thaddeus) brought the Aramaic language of Jesus and His teachings. They had many converts in the area. The church there preserved the language of Jesus into modern times. The ancient Assyrian villages near water sources in the surrounding arid lands also had many Christian converts by the second century despite the continued strong presence of Assyrian, Greek, and Zoroastrian religions. Most of the Assyrian temples were converted to Christian worship places. Early Christians there faced great persecution and many were killed for their faith, including Barbara, the daughter of the pagan governor of Karamles. One of the hills beside the city is named after her. Through the centuries priests came from various religious orders and divided Christians into several sects, some loyal to the Catholic tradition, others adhering to Eastern leadership. Mohammad began preaching Islam around 610 A.D., facing violent opposition to his teachings for twenty years from tribes in the area of Mecca, Saudi Arabia. Even so, his movement grew in numbers and strength. In December 629, he gathered an army of 10,000 Muslim converts and invaded Mecca. The attack went largely uncontested and Muhammad seized the city (Sahih-Bukhari, Book 43, #658). His followers, increasingly radicalized, went on to invade other cities throughout Iraq and all the way to Europe, Africa, and Asia, giving the option of conversion or death.
    [Show full text]
  • $ Saints Peter and Paul Orthodox Church
    $ SAINTS PETER AND PAUL ORTHODOX CHURCH A Parish of the Orthodox Church in America 305 Main Road, Herkimer, New York, 13350 • 315-866-3272 Archpriest John Udics, Rector • e-mail: [email protected] Deacon Demetrios Richards • e-mail: [email protected] Parish Web Page: www.cnyorthodoxchurch.org Glory to Jesus Christ! Glory to God for All Things! June 7, 2015 Sunday of All Saints Divine Liturgy, Blessing of Graves 9:30 am Beginning of Saints Peter and Paul Fast – Apostles' Fast June 13 Saturday Great Vespers 4:00 pm June 14 Sunday of All Saints of America Divine Liturgy 9:30 am Saints of the Day: Martyr Theodotus of Ancyra (303). New Hieromartyr Archbishop Andronicus of Perm, Priests Alexander, Alexis, Alexander, Valentine, Benjamin, Viktor, Alexander, Paul, Vladimir, Ignatius, Michael, Nicholas, Paul, Alexander, Nicholas, Deacon Gregory and Martyrs Athanasius and Alexsander (1918). New Hieromartyrs Priests Nicholas and Peter (1919). Hieromartyr Marcellinus, Pope of Rome (304) and with him the Holy Martyrs Claudius, Cyrinus and Antoninus (304). Hieromartyr Marcellus, Bishop of Rome, and those with him: Deacons Sisinius and Cyriacus, Smaragdus, Largus, Apronian, Saturninus, Pappias, Maurus, Crescentian, Priscilla, Lucina, and Princess Artemia (304-310). Martyrs Kyriaki, Caleria (Valeria), and Mary, of Caesarea in Palestine (304).Synaxis of All Saints of Ivanovo. Venerable Daniel of Scete in Egypt (420). Virgin- martyr Potamiaena of Alexandria. Martyr Zenais (Zenaida) of Caesarea in Palestine. Saint Colman, Bishop of Dromore, Ireland (6th c.). Holy women Aesia and Susanna, disciples of Venerable Pancratius of Taormina and martyred with him (1st c.). Martyr Lycarion of Hermopolis in Egypt.
    [Show full text]
  • Hill Museum & Manuscript Library Christian Arabic Manuscripts
    Hill Museum & Manuscript Library Collection Status: August 2015 *=in progress Syriac Tradition Manuscripts (may include Garshuni and some Arabic manuscripts) India (with the Association for the Preservation of the St. Thomas Christian Heritage) Bangalore Dharmaram College 68 Ernakulam Syro-Malabar Major Archbishopric 30 Kottayam Saint Ephrem Ecumenical Research Institute (SEERI) 50 Mar Thoma Seminary 30 Mannanam Monastery of St Joseph 113 Pampakuda Konat Collection 451 Piramadam Gethsame Dayro 36 Thrissur Chaldean Syrian Church (Assyrian Church of the East) 130 Trivandrum Syro-Malankara Major Archbishopric 40 Iraq (with the Centre Numérique des Manuscrits Orientaux) Alqosh Chaldean Diocese 145 Ankawa Bishop Jacques Isac 48 Pontifical Babel College Library 89 Museum of Syrian Heritage 26 Chaldean Sisters Daughters of Maris 46 Baghdad Chaldean Patriarchate 500* Syrian Catholic Archdiocese 132 Dominican Fathers 2 Saint Peter Seminary for Chaldean Patriarchate in Iraq 6 Baqofa Saint George Chaldean Church 7 Bartelli St George Syrian Catholic Church 84 Batnaya Chaldean Church 56 Dawdia Eglise Mar Youhanna Al_ Mamdane 2 Duhok Chaldean Diocese 32 Erbil Chaldean Archdiocese 176 Kirkuk Chaldean Archdiocese 137 Komani Eglise Mar Qyriacos 3 Mangesh Mar Gorges Chaldean Church 16 Mosul Syrian Orthodox Archdiocese 299 Dominican Friars 775 Mar Behnam Monastery 529 Chaldean Archdiocese 93 Congregation of the Daughters of the Sacred Heart 93 Qaraqosh Syrian Catholic Diocese 135 Eglise Mar Yaqub 4 Eglise Mar Yuhana al_Mamdane 18 Mar Sarkis and Bakhos Syrian Orthodox Church 81 Saint Ephrem Institute 5 Tell Kaif Qalb Al-Aqdas Chaldean Church of Tell-kaif 227 Tellesqof Saint George Chaldean Church 59 Zakho Chaldean Archdiocese 76 Virgin Mary Syrian Catholic Church 2 Various Private libraries in Alqosh, Baghdad, Kanda-Kossa, 141 Karmless, Mosul, Qaraqosh, Tellesqof Jerusalem Old City Saint Mark's Monastery 476 Lebanon Beirut Université Saint-Joseph 58 Hrash Sisters of St.
    [Show full text]
  • Christians and Yazidis in Iraq: Current Situation and Prospects
    OTMAR OEHRING CHRISTIANS AND YAZIDIS IN IRAQ: CURRENT SITUATION AND PROSPECTS OTMAR OEHRING CHRISTIANS AND YAZIDIS IN IRAQ: CURRENT SITUATION AND PROSPECTS Published by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Cover photo: © Ibrahim Shaba Lallo, Qaraqosh (currently Ashti Camp, Ankawa, Autonomous Region of Kurdistan) Caption of cover photo: Vertically: We work together Horizontally: We are proud Diagonally: We love, we forgive .(nun), stand for Nazara (Christ) ن The three Arabic characters, starting with The black IS flag bears the words: There is no God but Allah Allah Prophet Mohammed Islamic State in Iraq and As-Sham (i.e. Syria) Published by: Konrad Adenauer Foundation 2017, Sankt Augustin and Berlin, Germany This publication has been licensed under the terms and conditions of Creative Commons Attribution ShareAlike 3.0 Germany (CC BY-SA 3.0 DE), website: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/de/deed.en Design: SWITSCH Kommunikationsdesign, Cologne, Germany Typesetting: Janine Höhle, Communications Department, Konrad Adenauer Foundation Printed by: Bonifatius GmbH, Paderborn, Germany Printed in Germany Printed with financial support from the German Federal Government ISBN 978-3-95721-328-0 CONTENTS 1. Introduction 2. Legal Framework 2.1 International law 2.2 National law 3. Reduced scope for non-Muslim minorities after 2003 3.1 Drastic decline in the non-Muslim minorities’ share of the population 3.2 Changes in Baghdad’s religious power structure 4. Crucial for the future of Iraq: the recapture of Mosul 4.1 Capture of Mosul by the IS in June 2014 4.2 Capture of Yazidi settlements in Sinjar District by the IS in August 2014 4.3 Capture of Christian settlements in the Nineveh Plains by the IS in August 2014 4.4 Classification of the IS attacks on religious minorities as genocide 4.5 Campaign to retake Mosul 5.
    [Show full text]
  • COI QUERY Disclaimer
    COI QUERY Country of Origin/Topic Iraq Question(s) What is the security context and treatment of Christians in Iraq? 1. Background 1.1. Post-ISIL security context of Christian community - Targeted destruction of infrastructure and habitat - Targeting of Christians by armed actors 1.2. Ninewa governorate and ability to secure law and order - Governance, education and practice of Christianity in Iraq 1.3. Missing, IDPs and returnees Date of completion 22 October 2020 Query Code Q 21 Contributing EU+ COI This query response was sent to the EASO COI Specialists Network units (if applicable) on Iraq1 for contributions on the security context and treatment of Yazidis. No information was contributed by EU+ countries, but feedback was received from the Norwegian Country of Origin Information Centre (Landinfo). Disclaimer This response to a COI query has been elaborated according to the Common EU Guidelines for Processing COI and EASO COI Report Methodology. The information provided in this response has been researched, evaluated and processed with utmost care within a limited time frame. All sources used are referenced. A quality review has been performed in line with the above mentioned methodology. This document does not claim to be exhaustive neither conclusive as to the merit of any particular claim to international protection. If a certain event, person or organisation is not mentioned in the report, this does not mean that the event has not taken place or that the person or organisation does not exist. Terminology used should not be regarded as indicative of a particular legal position. The information in the response does not necessarily reflect the opinion of EASO and makes no political statement whatsoever.
    [Show full text]
  • Assyrians Face Religious Persecution and Ethnic Genocide
    Home | News | Bet-Nahren, Assyria Assyrians face Religious Persecution and Ethnic Genocide Assyrians face Oppression, Harassment, Intimidation and Murder in Iraq with the Rise of Arab Islamists and Kurdish Regional Power Compiled by Frederick A. Aprim | Edited by Assyrian Information Management (AIM) | PDF Posted: Friday, April 24, 2010 at 01:20 PM UTC | Updated: December 31, 2010. Bet-Nahren, Assyria (AIM) — In 1932, Iraq Your browser does not support video. was admitted into the League of Nations Please download the file: video/ogv video/mp4 (now known as the United Nations) on the video/webm basis this new country would ensure the rights of its indigenous minority Facing Extinction: Assyrian Christians in Iraq https://www.atour.com/news/assyria/20091010a.html populations. It did not take long to break that written and signed promise to the The persecution, kidnapping and murder of international community. In 1933, the Iraqi Assyrians in Iraq is tragically increasing. Thousands of Aramaic-speaking Assyrians are army together with the Kurds, committed its enduring unjust persecution because of their first state-sponsored genocide operation Christian faith. against the Assyrians in Simele and 30 minutes | Purchase Information: Amazon throughout the 65 surrounding villages. Courtesy of Questar and Assyrians Around the World The Simele Genocide was one of many systematic mass murders endured by the indigenous Assyrians. From 1843 to 1945, the Turks, Kurds, Arabs and Persians committed genocides against the Assyrian nation and other Christian peoples in Asia Minor [Middle East]. History reminds us that when the British mandate on Iraq ended in 1932, it was followed by a genocide of the Assyrians.
    [Show full text]
  • ASOR Cultural Heritage Initiatives (CHI): Planning for Safeguarding Heritage Sites in Syria and Iraq1
    ASOR Cultural Heritage Initiatives (CHI): Planning for Safeguarding Heritage Sites in Syria and Iraq1 NEA-PSHSS-14-001 Weekly Report 117–118 — November 1-15, 2016 Michael D. Danti, Allison Cuneo, Susan Penacho, Marina Gabriel, Kyra Kaercher, Jamie O’Connell, Richard Zettler, Ali Jabuuri Executive Summary During the reporting period, heavy weaponry and bombardment resulted in significant damage to cultural sites in Syria. In Aleppo Governorate, mortar fire from Opposition Forces damaged a mosque in Aleppo and a mortar shell damaged the Maronite Diocese Office in Damascus. Aerial bombardment resulted in damage to places of worship in Rif Dimashq, Aleppo, Hama, and Idlib Governorates. Despite significant losses of territory as Iraqi forces have marched toward Mosul, ISIL continues to engage in the intentional destruction of heritage places, resulting in significant losses. The Latin Church in Mosul, also known colloquially as the Clock Tower Church, was demolished by militants during the reporting period. Additionally, the Ziggurat at the archaeological site of Nimrud, the ancient Assyrian capital of Kalhu, was completely leveled, with destruction beginning at some point between September 31 and October 2, 2016 and continuing until October 16. The liberation of areas east and south of the city by the Mosul Operation has revealed new evidence of damage to cultural sites that occurred earlier during the ISIL occupation of Ninawa Governorate. These regions are home to predominantly Christian populations, and much of the related news media and open source coverage has focused on damaged places of worship and civilian property. Reports so far have covered damage to multiple sites in the towns of Batnaya, Bakhdida (Qaraqosh), Karamlish, and Bartella.
    [Show full text]
  • Types of Winterization Kits
    Dahuk Shelter & NFI Cluster Coordination Meeting Agenda 1. Introductions 2. REACH Presentation on MCNA 4 & 5 3. GRC video on Domiz 4. Previous meeting action points 5. Mosul response camp populations 6. Winterisation 7. Rehabilitation 8. Arab returns in Zummar and Rabea 9. Summary of outstanding needs 10. Key updates by partners 11. Updates from national level 12. AOB KRI Tuesday, 10th Oct 2017 Shelter Cluster – Iraq sheltercluster.org 1 Coordinating Humanitarian Shelter http://sheltercluster.org/response/iraq Overview of Presentation 1. OBJECTIVES & OVERVIEW 2. PROCESS OVERVIEW 3. METHODOLOGY 4. PRIMARY DATA COLLECTION - PARTNER COLLABORATION 5. PRELIMINARY FINDINGS 6. NEXT STEPS Introduction: Objectives Assessment objectives: • Comprehensive analysis of multi-cluster needs within and across all conflict-affected population groups in Iraq, specifically: • IDPs in camps • IDPs out of camps • Returnees • Non-displaced in newly accessible and conflict areas* • Vulnerable host communities • Inform the 2018 HNO and HRP for Iraq • Comparison of needs across administrative levels (e.g. district and governorate) as well as between population groups *To be referred to as non-displaced for the remainder of this presentation Introduction: Process Alignment with HNO and HRP processes • Cluster-driven indicator review • Population of interest aligned with OCHA humanitarian profile • Assessment cycle aligned with HNO timeline • Bilateral cluster consultations, presentations, and ad hoc data requests to inform PiN and needs severity analysis Today’s presentation • Aim is to build on the sector-specific findings presented last month with inter-sectoral analysis and cross- sectoral thematic areas: i) Movement intentions ii) Protection iii) Access to assistance and iv) Priority needs Methodology • Primary data (collected in August 2017): • Household level data collection in directly accessible (household survey) – host and returnee populations.
    [Show full text]
  • 2016 Yearbook
    — THE LIVING STONES OF THE HOLY LAND TRUST _________________________________________________ Registered Charity No. 1081204 'An ecumenical trust seeking to promote contacts between Christian Communities in Britain and those in the Holy Land and neighbouring countries.’ You are permitted to redistribute or reproduce all or part of the contents of the Yearbook in any form as long as it is for personal or academic purposes and non-commercial use only and that you acknowledge and cite appropriately the source of the material. You are not permitted to distribute or commercially exploit the content without the written permission of the copyright owner, nor are you permitted to transmit or store the content on any other website or other form of electronic retrieval system. The Living Stones of the Holy Land Trust makes every effort to ensure the accuracy of the contents in its publications. However, the opinions and views expressed in its publications are those of the contributors and are not necessarily those of The Living Stones of the Holy Land Trust. The Living Stones of the Holy Land Trust Yearbook and its content are copyright of © The Living Stones of the Holy Land Trust. All rights reserved. [email protected] 1 Living Stones of the Holy Land Trust Yearbook 2019 2 Contributors Living StoneS Yearbook 2016 i Living Stones of the Holy Land Trust Yearbook 2016 ii Contributors Living StoneS Yearbook 2016 The inter-relationship between religion and politics in the Middle East Living StoneS of the hoLY Land truSt Registered charity no. 1081204 iii Living Stones of the Holy Land Trust Yearbook 2016 © Living Stones of the Holy Land Trust 2016 all rights reserved.
    [Show full text]
  • Arabic and Aramaic in Iraq: Language and Syriac Christian Commitment to the Arab Nationalist Project (1920-1950) Issue Date: 2020-01-08
    Cover Page The handle http://hdl.handle.net/1887/82480 holds various files of this Leiden University dissertation. Author: Baarda, T.C. Title: Arabic and Aramaic in Iraq: Language and Syriac Christian Commitment to the Arab Nationalist Project (1920-1950) Issue Date: 2020-01-08 Appendix A The Syriac Churches in Iraq Numbers Christians formed two to four percent of the total population of Iraq. While the amount of Christians has sometimes been believed to be higher, official estimates and censuses from the period 1920–1950 are consistent in this figure.1 Demographic information divided by church and locations is scat- tered over various sources and comes without accountability. This in- formation is likely to come from the churches themselves, but on the whole the numbers from different sources are not completely consis- tent with each other. The numbers give some insight into the division of the Christians over the churches and over the country, however. Numbers from the Dominican mission (tables A.1, A.2, and A.3) These tables are representations of tables found in Bibliothèque du Saulchoir, Z-91, Statistiques et recensements Iraq 1935. The formula- tions inside the tables are literal translations from French. The per- centages were added by myself. No sources are given in this docu- ment. 1See the statistical information reproduced by Hannah Müller-Sommerfeld, Staatliche Religionspolitik im Irak gegenüber Juden, Assyrischen Christen und Bahá’í (1920–1958), 284. 209 210 the syriac churches in iraq Race Number Percentage Arabs (Muslims,
    [Show full text]
  • Iraq 2018 International Religious Freedom Report
    IRAQ 2018 INTERNATIONAL RELIGIOUS FREEDOM REPORT Executive Summary The constitution establishes Islam as the official religion and states no law may be enacted contradicting the “established provisions of Islam.” The constitution guarantees freedom of religious belief and practice for Muslims, Christians, Yezidis, and Sabean-Mandeans, but not for followers of other religions or atheists. The law prohibits the practice of the Baha’i Faith and the Wahhabi branch of Sunni Islam. The constitution also provides for freedom from religious coercion and requires the government to maintain the sanctity of religious sites. Institutional and societal restrictions on freedom of religion as well as violence against minority groups remained widespread, according to religious leaders and representatives of nongovernmental organizations (NGO) focused on religious freedom. NGO leaders said the government continued to use the antiterrorism law as a pretext for detaining individuals without due process. Community leaders continued to state forced conversion was the de facto outcome of the national identity card law mandating children with only one Muslim parent, even children born as a result of rape, be listed as Muslim. Iraqi Security Forces (ISF) and Kurdistan Regional Government (KRG) security forces closed some roads between the Iraqi Kurdistan Region (IKR) and areas subject to territorial disputes between the KRG and the country’s central government for much of the year, impeding the movement of Yezidis between Dohuk Province and the Sinjar area. Most roads were reopened by year’s end. Yezidis, Christian leaders, and NGOs reported harassment and abuses by the Popular Mobilization Forces (PMF), a state-sponsored organization composed of more than 40 mostly Shia militias, which also includes Sunni and other minority units originally formed to combat ISIS.
    [Show full text]