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Terrestrial Impact Structures Provide the Only Ground Truth Against Which Computational and Experimental Results Can Be Com Pared
Ann. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci. 1987. 15:245-70 Copyright([;; /987 by Annual Reviews Inc. All rights reserved TERRESTRIAL IMI!ACT STRUCTURES ··- Richard A. F. Grieve Geophysics Division, Geological Survey of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario KIA OY3, Canada INTRODUCTION Impact structures are the dominant landform on planets that have retained portions of their earliest crust. The present surface of the Earth, however, has comparatively few recognized impact structures. This is due to its relative youthfulness and the dynamic nature of the terrestrial geosphere, both of which serve to obscure and remove the impact record. Although not generally viewed as an important terrestrial (as opposed to planetary) geologic process, the role of impact in Earth evolution is now receiving mounting consideration. For example, large-scale impact events may hav~~ been responsible for such phenomena as the formation of the Earth's moon and certain mass extinctions in the biologic record. The importance of the terrestrial impact record is greater than the relatively small number of known structures would indicate. Impact is a highly transient, high-energy event. It is inherently difficult to study through experimentation because of the problem of scale. In addition, sophisticated finite-element code calculations of impact cratering are gen erally limited to relatively early-time phenomena as a result of high com putational costs. Terrestrial impact structures provide the only ground truth against which computational and experimental results can be com pared. These structures provide information on aspects of the third dimen sion, the pre- and postimpact distribution of target lithologies, and the nature of the lithologic and mineralogic changes produced by the passage of a shock wave. -
DMAAC – February 1973
LUNAR TOPOGRAPHIC ORTHOPHOTOMAP (LTO) AND LUNAR ORTHOPHOTMAP (LO) SERIES (Published by DMATC) Lunar Topographic Orthophotmaps and Lunar Orthophotomaps Scale: 1:250,000 Projection: Transverse Mercator Sheet Size: 25.5”x 26.5” The Lunar Topographic Orthophotmaps and Lunar Orthophotomaps Series are the first comprehensive and continuous mapping to be accomplished from Apollo Mission 15-17 mapping photographs. This series is also the first major effort to apply recent advances in orthophotography to lunar mapping. Presently developed maps of this series were designed to support initial lunar scientific investigations primarily employing results of Apollo Mission 15-17 data. Individual maps of this series cover 4 degrees of lunar latitude and 5 degrees of lunar longitude consisting of 1/16 of the area of a 1:1,000,000 scale Lunar Astronautical Chart (LAC) (Section 4.2.1). Their apha-numeric identification (example – LTO38B1) consists of the designator LTO for topographic orthophoto editions or LO for orthophoto editions followed by the LAC number in which they fall, followed by an A, B, C or D designator defining the pertinent LAC quadrant and a 1, 2, 3, or 4 designator defining the specific sub-quadrant actually covered. The following designation (250) identifies the sheets as being at 1:250,000 scale. The LTO editions display 100-meter contours, 50-meter supplemental contours and spot elevations in a red overprint to the base, which is lithographed in black and white. LO editions are identical except that all relief information is omitted and selenographic graticule is restricted to border ticks, presenting an umencumbered view of lunar features imaged by the photographic base. -
Source of Knowledge, Techniques and Skills That Go Into the Development of Technology, and Prac- Tical Applications
DOCUMENT RESUME ED 027 216 SE 006 288 By-Newell, Homer E. NASA's Space Science and Applications Program. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington, D.C. Repor t No- EP -47. Pub Date 67 Note-206p.; A statement presented to the Committee on Aeronautical and Space Sciences, United States Senate, April 20, 1967. EDRS Price MF-$1.00 HC-$10.40 Descriptors-*Aerospace Technology, Astronomy, Biological Sciences, Earth Science, Engineering, Meteorology, Physical Sciences, Physics, *Scientific Enterprise, *Scientific Research Identifiers-National Aeronautics and Space Administration This booklet contains material .prepared by the National Aeronautic and Space AdMinistration (NASA) office of Space Science and Applications for presentation.to the United States Congress. It contains discussion of basic research, its valueas a source of knowledge, techniques and skillsthat go intothe development of technology, and ioractical applications. A series of appendixes permitsa deeper delving into specific aspects of. Space science. (GR) U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION & WELFARE OFFICE OF EDUCATION THIS DOCUMENT HAS BEEN REPRODUCED EXACTLY AS RECEIVEDFROM THE PERSON OR ORGANIZATION ORIGINATING IT.POINTS OF VIEW OR OPINIONS STATED DO NOT NECESSARILY REPRESENT OFFICIAL OMCE OFEDUCATION POSITION OR POLICY. r.,; ' NATiONAL, AERONAUTICS AND SPACEADi4N7ISTRATION' , - NASNS SPACE SCIENCE AND APPLICATIONS PROGRAM .14 A Statement Presented to the Committee on Aeronautical and Space Sciences United States Senate April 20, 1967 BY HOMER E. NEWELL Associate Administrator for Space Science and Applications National Aeronautics and Space Administration Washington, D.C. 20546 +77.,M777,177,,, THE MATERIAL in this booklet is a re- print of a portion of that which was prepared by NASA's Office of Space Science and Ap- -olications for presentation to the Congress of the United States in the course of the fiscal year 1968 authorization process. -
User Guide to 1:250,000 Scale Lunar Maps
CORE https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19750010068Metadata, citation 2020-03-22T22:26:24+00:00Z and similar papers at core.ac.uk Provided by NASA Technical Reports Server USER GUIDE TO 1:250,000 SCALE LUNAR MAPS (NASA-CF-136753) USE? GJIDE TO l:i>,, :LC h75- lu1+3 SCALE LUNAR YAPS (Lumoalcs Feseclrch Ltu., Ottewa (Ontario) .) 24 p KC 53.25 CSCL ,33 'JIACA~S G3/31 11111 DANNY C, KINSLER Lunar Science Instltute 3303 NASA Road $1 Houston, TX 77058 Telephone: 7131488-5200 Cable Address: LUtiSI USER GUIDE TO 1: 250,000 SCALE LUNAR MAPS GENERAL In 1972 the NASA Lunar Programs Office initiated the Apollo Photographic Data Analysis Program. The principal point of this program was a detailed scientific analysis of the orbital and surface experiments data derived from Apollo missions 15, 16, and 17. One of the requirements of this program was the production of detailed photo base maps at a useable scale. NASA in conjunction with the Defense Mapping Agency (DMA) commenced a mapping program in early 1973 that would lead to the production of the necessary maps based on the need for certain areas. This paper is designed to present in outline form the neces- sary background informatiox or users to become familiar with the program. MAP FORMAT * The scale chosen for the project was 1:250,000 . The re- search being done required a scale that Principal Investigators (PI'S) using orbital photography could use, but would also serve PI'S doing surface photographic investigations. Each map sheet covers an area four degrees north/south by five degrees east/west. -
Impact Crater Collapse
P1: SKH/tah P2: KKK/mbg QC: KKK/arun T1: KKK March 12, 1999 17:54 Annual Reviews AR081-12 Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci. 1999. 27:385–415 Copyright c 1999 by Annual Reviews. All rights reserved IMPACT CRATER COLLAPSE H. J. Melosh Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721; e-mail: [email protected] B. A. Ivanov Institute for Dynamics of the Geospheres, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia 117979 KEY WORDS: crater morphology, dynamical weakening, acoustic fluidization, transient crater, central peaks ABSTRACT The detailed morphology of impact craters is now believed to be mainly caused by the collapse of a geometrically simple, bowl-shaped “transient crater.” The transient crater forms immediately after the impact. In small craters, those less than approximately 15 km diameter on the Moon, the steepest part of the rim collapses into the crater bowl to produce a lens of broken rock in an otherwise unmodified transient crater. Such craters are called “simple” and have a depth- to-diameter ratio near 1:5. Large craters collapse more spectacularly, giving rise to central peaks, wall terraces, and internal rings in still larger craters. These are called “complex” craters. The transition between simple and complex craters depends on 1/g, suggesting that the collapse occurs when a strength threshold is exceeded. The apparent strength, however, is very low: only a few bars, and with little or no internal friction. This behavior requires a mechanism for tem- porary strength degradation in the rocks surrounding the impact site. Several models for this process, including acoustic fluidization and shock weakening, have been considered by recent investigations. -
Adams Adkinson Aeschlimann Aisslinger Akkermann
BUSCAPRONTA www.buscapronta.com ARQUIVO 27 DE PESQUISAS GENEALÓGICAS 189 PÁGINAS – MÉDIA DE 60.800 SOBRENOMES/OCORRÊNCIA Para pesquisar, utilize a ferramenta EDITAR/LOCALIZAR do WORD. A cada vez que você clicar ENTER e aparecer o sobrenome pesquisado GRIFADO (FUNDO PRETO) corresponderá um endereço Internet correspondente que foi pesquisado por nossa equipe. Ao solicitar seus endereços de acesso Internet, informe o SOBRENOME PESQUISADO, o número do ARQUIVO BUSCAPRONTA DIV ou BUSCAPRONTA GEN correspondente e o número de vezes em que encontrou o SOBRENOME PESQUISADO. Número eventualmente existente à direita do sobrenome (e na mesma linha) indica número de pessoas com aquele sobrenome cujas informações genealógicas são apresentadas. O valor de cada endereço Internet solicitado está em nosso site www.buscapronta.com . Para dados especificamente de registros gerais pesquise nos arquivos BUSCAPRONTA DIV. ATENÇÃO: Quando pesquisar em nossos arquivos, ao digitar o sobrenome procurado, faça- o, sempre que julgar necessário, COM E SEM os acentos agudo, grave, circunflexo, crase, til e trema. Sobrenomes com (ç) cedilha, digite também somente com (c) ou com dois esses (ss). Sobrenomes com dois esses (ss), digite com somente um esse (s) e com (ç). (ZZ) digite, também (Z) e vice-versa. (LL) digite, também (L) e vice-versa. Van Wolfgang – pesquise Wolfgang (faça o mesmo com outros complementos: Van der, De la etc) Sobrenomes compostos ( Mendes Caldeira) pesquise separadamente: MENDES e depois CALDEIRA. Tendo dificuldade com caracter Ø HAMMERSHØY – pesquise HAMMERSH HØJBJERG – pesquise JBJERG BUSCAPRONTA não reproduz dados genealógicos das pessoas, sendo necessário acessar os documentos Internet correspondentes para obter tais dados e informações. DESEJAMOS PLENO SUCESSO EM SUA PESQUISA. -
Moon-Miners-Manifesto-Mars.Pdf
http://www.moonsociety.org/mars/ Let’s make the right choice - Mars and the Moon! Advantages of a low profile for shielding Mars looks like Arizona but feels like Antarctica Rover Opportunity at edge of Endeavor Crater Designing railroads and trains for Mars Designing planes that can fly in Mars’ thin air Breeding plants to be “Mars-hardy” Outposts between dunes, pulling sand over them These are just a few of the Mars-related topics covered in the past 25+ years. Read on for much more! Why Mars? The lunar and Martian frontiers will thrive much better as trading partners than either could on it own. Mars has little to trade to Earth, but a lot it can trade with the Moon. Both can/will thrive together! CHRONOLOGICAL INDEX MMM THEMES: MARS MMM #6 - "M" is for Missing Volatiles: Methane and 'Mmonia; Mars, PHOBOS, Deimos; Mars as I see it; MMM #16 Frontiers Have Rough Edges MMM #18 Importance of the M.U.S.-c.l.e.Plan for the Opening of Mars; Pavonis Mons MMM #19 Seizing the Reins of the Mars Bandwagon; Mars: Option to Stay; Mars Calendar MMM #30 NIMF: Nuclear rocket using Indigenous Martian Fuel; Wanted: Split personality types for Mars Expedition; Mars Calendar Postscript; Are there Meteor Showers on Mars? MMM #41 Imagineering Mars Rovers; Rethink Mars Sample Return; Lunar Development & Mars; Temptations to Eco-carelessness; The Romantic Touch of Old Barsoom MMM #42 Igloos: Atmosphere-derived shielding for lo-rem Martian Shelters MMM #54 Mars of Lore vs. Mars of Yore; vendors wanted for wheeled and walking Mars Rovers; Transforming Mars; Xities -
Rogue River Watershed Analysis Marial To
United States zz on-A.-A Sc~t.'s Department ' S~~s, -. i'-Va/ of Agriculture Forest Service Pacific Northwest Region . United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service Pacific Northwest Region 1999 ROGUE RIVER WATERSHED ANALYSIS MARIAL TO AGNESS ITERATION 1.0 I have read this analysis and find it meets the Standards and Guidelines for watershed analysis required by the Record of Decision for Amendments to Forest Service and Bureau of Land Management Planning Documents Within the Range of the Northern Spotted Owl (USDA and USDI, 1994). Signed: /s/Michael Frazier Date: September 24, 1999 District Ranger Gold Beach Ranger District Siskiyou National Forest TABLE OF CONTENTS Title Page Introduction 1 Key Findings 3 Aquatic Ecosystem Narrative 5 Riparian Ecosystem Narrative 31 Terrestrial Ecosystem Narrative 39 Social Aspects Narrative 57 Appendix A - Subwatersheds Appendix B - Maps References List of Preparers LIST OF TABLES Table Title Page Table 1 Land Ownership 1 Table 2 Management Areas 2 Table 3 Subwatersheds by US Geologic Service Hydrologic Unit Code 2 Table 4 Geologic Rock Types 6 Table 5 Rogue River Water Quality Limited Segments 14 Table 6 Water withdrawal Permits for Rogue River Tributaries Streams and 17 Springs Table 7 Timber Harvest and Roads by Watershed Analysis Areas 19 Table 8 7- Day Average Maximum Temperature 22 Table 9 Riparian Condition 37 Table 10 Distribution of Interior Late-Successional Forest Blocks within the 41 Rogue River (Marial to Agness) watershed. Table 11 Special Habitat Sites 42 Table 12 Habitat Trends for Selected Indicator Species 46 Table 13 Historic Elk Habitat (1940) 47 Table 14 Current Elk Habitat (1995) 47 Table 15 Road Closures 51 Table 16 Potential Candidates for Seasonal or Permanent Closure 52 Table 17 Roads List 73 Table 18 Roads Summary 73 INTRODUCTION The Rogue River Watershed Analysis, Marial to Agness, Iteration 1.0, was initiated to analyze the aquatic, terrestrial, and social resources of the watershed. -
Dunes and Dreams: a History of White Sands National Monument
Dunes and Dreams: A History of White Sands National Monument Administrative History White Sands National Monument by Michael Welsh 1995 National Park Service Division of History Intermountain Cultural Resources Center Santa Fe, New Mexico Professional Paper No. 55 Table of Contents List of Illustrations Acknowledgements Foreword Chapter One: A Monument in Waiting: Environment and Ethnicity in the Tularosa Basin Chapter Two: The Politics of Monument-Building: White Sands, 1898-1933 Chapter Three: New Deal, New Monument, New Mexico, 1933-1939 Chapter Four: Global War at White Sands, 1940-1945 Chapter Five: Baby Boom, Sunbelt Boom, Sonic Boom: The Dunes in the Cold War Era, 1945- 1970 Chapter Six: A Brave New World: White Sands and the Close of the 20th Century, 1970-1994 Bibliography List of Illustrations Figure 1. Dune Pedestal Figure 2. Selenite crystal formation at Lake Lucero Figure 3. Cave formation, Lake Lucero Figure 4. Cactus growth Figure 5. Desert lizard Figure 6. Visitors to White Sands Dunes (1904) Figure 7. Frank and Hazel Ridinger's White Sands Motel (1930s) Figure 8. Roadside sign for White Sands west of Alamogordo (1930) Figure 9. Early registration booth (restroom in background) (1930s) Figure 10. Grinding stone unearthed at Blazer's Mill on Mescalero Apache Reservation (1930s) Figure 11. Nineteenth-Century Spanish carreta and replica in Visitors Center Courtyard (1930s) Figure 12. Pouring gypsum for road shoulder construction (1930s) Figure 13. Blading gypsum road into the heart of the sands (1930s) Figure 14. Hazards of road grading (1930s) Figure 15. Adobe style of construction by New Deal Agency Work Crews (1930s) Figure 16. -
Paper Session II-B - Lunar and Martian Paleontology
2001 (38th) A Space Odyssey - The Next 50 The Space Congress® Proceedings Years May 2nd, 2:00 PM Paper Session II-B - Lunar and Martian Paleontology Doug D. Shull Follow this and additional works at: https://commons.erau.edu/space-congress-proceedings Scholarly Commons Citation Shull, Doug D., "Paper Session II-B - Lunar and Martian Paleontology" (2001). The Space Congress® Proceedings. 15. https://commons.erau.edu/space-congress-proceedings/proceedings-2001-38th/may-2-2001/15 This Event is brought to you for free and open access by the Conferences at Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in The Space Congress® Proceedings by an authorized administrator of Scholarly Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Lunar and Martian Paleontology by Douglas D. Shull 20 Feb 2001 for 2001 Space Congress Introduction The discovery of organic material imbedded in the Martian Meteorite Alan Hills (AH) 84001 in 1996 changed science. Many people now consider the possibility that microbial life existed on or may still exist on the planet Mars. NASA, The Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), and the European Space Agency (ESA) are considering packages and experiments for future Mars robotic missions to detect the presence of microbial life near the surface of Mars. We should pursue these worthy efforts. However, the surfaces of Mars and the Moon may very well hold evidence of life, both microbial and macroscopic, from Earth’s past. I will discuss how past meteor strikes causing large extinction events can positively affect today’s science. Understanding Meteors and Meteor Impacts The history of knowledge about meteors has undergone quite a change in the last few decades. -
Species Report for Leona's Little Blue Butterfly (Philotiella Leona)
Species Report for Leona’s Little Blue Butterfly (Philotiella leona) Photo credit: Sarina Jepsen; The Xerces Society U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service May 20, 2015 Species Report for Leona’s Little Blue Butterfly (Philotiella leona) Purpose The purpose of this species report is to provide the best available scientific and commercial information about Leona’s little blue (Philotiella leona) and its habitat. The information within this report will be part of our biological basis for any potential listing, recovery, or consultation recommendations under the Endangered Species Act of 1973 as amended (Act), (16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.). Executive Summary On May 12, 2010, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife (Service) received a petition from the Xerces Society for Invertebrate Conservation, Dr. David McCorkle of Western Oregon University, and Oregon Wild to list the Leona’s little blue butterfly under the Act. On August 17, 2011, the Service published in the Federal Register a positive 90-day finding stating that the petition presented substantial scientific or commercial information indicating that listing the Leona’s little blue butterfly may be warranted (76 FR 50971). As a result, we are initiating a status review of the species to determine if Leona’s little blue butterfly is warranted for listing under the Act. The Xerces Society for Invertebrate Conservation and Oregon Wild filed a notice of intent to sue on March 7, 2013, for failure to issue a 12-month finding on whether listing the Leona’s little blue butterfly is warranted under the Act. On July 31, 2014, the court ordered the Service to issue a 12-month finding for the Leona’s little blue butterfly by June 30, 2015. -
Apollo 16 Press
.. Arii . cLyI( ’ JOHN F . KENNEDY Si ACE GENTEb @@C€ i!AM LIB XRY cJ- / NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION Washington, D . C . 20546 202-755-8370 I FOR RELEASE: THURSDAY A .M . RELEASE NO: 12-64X April 6. 1972 PRO IFCT. APOLLO 16 (To be launched no earlier than April 16) E GENERAL RELEASE ..................... .1-5 COUNTDOWN ........................ 6-10 Launch Windows ................... .9 Ground Elapsed Time Update ............. .10 LAUNCH AND MISSION PROFILE ............... 11-39 Launch Events .................... 15-16 Mission Events .............. ..... 19-24 EVA Mission Events ................. 29-39 APOLLO 16 MISSION OBJECTIVES .............. 40-41 SCIENTIFIC RESULTS OF APOLLO 11, 12. 14 AND 15 MISSIONS . 42-44 APOLLO 16 LANDING SITE ................. 45-47 LUNAR SURFACE SCIENCE .................. 48-85 Passive Seismic Experiment ............. 48-52 ALSEP to Impact Distance Table ...... ..... 52-55 Lunar Surface Magnetometer ............. 55-58 Magnetic Lunar sample Returned to the Moon ..... .59 K Lunar Heat Flow Experiment ............. 60-65 ALSEP Central Station ................ .65 SNAP-27 .. Power Source for ALSEP .......... 66-67 Soil Mechanics ................... .68 I Lunar Portable Magnetometer ............. 68-71 Far Ultraviolet Camera/Spectroscope ......... 71-73 Solar Wind Composition Experiment .......... .73 Cosmic Ray Detector ................. .74 T Lunar Geology Investigation........ ..... 75-78 Apollo Lunar Geology Hand Tools ........... 79-85 LUNAR ORBITAL SCIENCE ............. ...... 86-98 Gamma-Ray