50Th Anniversary Issue
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Mathématiques Et Espace
Atelier disciplinaire AD 5 Mathématiques et Espace Anne-Cécile DHERS, Education Nationale (mathématiques) Peggy THILLET, Education Nationale (mathématiques) Yann BARSAMIAN, Education Nationale (mathématiques) Olivier BONNETON, Sciences - U (mathématiques) Cahier d'activités Activité 1 : L'HORIZON TERRESTRE ET SPATIAL Activité 2 : DENOMBREMENT D'ETOILES DANS LE CIEL ET L'UNIVERS Activité 3 : D'HIPPARCOS A BENFORD Activité 4 : OBSERVATION STATISTIQUE DES CRATERES LUNAIRES Activité 5 : DIAMETRE DES CRATERES D'IMPACT Activité 6 : LOI DE TITIUS-BODE Activité 7 : MODELISER UNE CONSTELLATION EN 3D Crédits photo : NASA / CNES L'HORIZON TERRESTRE ET SPATIAL (3 ème / 2 nde ) __________________________________________________ OBJECTIF : Détermination de la ligne d'horizon à une altitude donnée. COMPETENCES : ● Utilisation du théorème de Pythagore ● Utilisation de Google Earth pour évaluer des distances à vol d'oiseau ● Recherche personnelle de données REALISATION : Il s'agit ici de mettre en application le théorème de Pythagore mais avec une vision terrestre dans un premier temps suite à un questionnement de l'élève puis dans un second temps de réutiliser la même démarche dans le cadre spatial de la visibilité d'un satellite. Fiche élève ____________________________________________________________________________ 1. Victor Hugo a écrit dans Les Châtiments : "Les horizons aux horizons succèdent […] : on avance toujours, on n’arrive jamais ". Face à la mer, vous voyez l'horizon à perte de vue. Mais "est-ce loin, l'horizon ?". D'après toi, jusqu'à quelle distance peux-tu voir si le temps est clair ? Réponse 1 : " Sans instrument, je peux voir jusqu'à .................. km " Réponse 2 : " Avec une paire de jumelles, je peux voir jusqu'à ............... km " 2. Nous allons maintenant calculer à l'aide du théorème de Pythagore la ligne d'horizon pour une hauteur H donnée. -
The Faces of Stars
Resolving the Faces of Stars estled among the venerable telescope domes on Mount Wilson, a mile-high peak overlooking Los Angeles, is the highest- resolution optical instrument in the world. Inside several hundred meters of evacuated pipe, beams of star- light from six 1-meter (39-inch) telescopes converge on a central fa- cility to be matched up light wave for light wave. The result allows measurements of details as small as a thousandth of an arcsecond wide — the apparent size of a penny in Los Angeles seen from At- lanta. Georgia State University’s Center for High Angular Resolu- tion Astronomy (CHARA) built and runs the instrument under the directorship of Harold McAlister. The CHARA Array is currently Nthe largest of several new installations around the world applying 21st-century technology to an old idea: optical interferometry. The concept of interferometry predates photographic fi lm, but astronomers didn’t really put it into practice until the early 1920s (see “Milestones in Optical Interferometry,” page 44). Now, nearly a century later, technology is catching up with theory. Astronomers are using a new breed of giant interferometers to measure some of ERIC SIMISON / SEA WEST ENTERPRISES SIMISON / SEA WEST ERIC the most diffi cult fundamental parameters in stellar astrophysics, in By David H. Berger, The CHARA Array particular the sizes and shapes of stars (S&T: May 2003, page 30). is one of several These parameters are most easily studied for the nearest and Jason P. Aufdenberg, facilities on Mount brightest stars, those dear to skygazers’ hearts. The CHARA Array and Nils H. -
Durham E-Theses
Durham E-Theses First visibility of the lunar crescent and other problems in historical astronomy. Fatoohi, Louay J. How to cite: Fatoohi, Louay J. (1998) First visibility of the lunar crescent and other problems in historical astronomy., Durham theses, Durham University. Available at Durham E-Theses Online: http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/996/ Use policy The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that: • a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in Durham E-Theses • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. Please consult the full Durham E-Theses policy for further details. Academic Support Oce, Durham University, University Oce, Old Elvet, Durham DH1 3HP e-mail: [email protected] Tel: +44 0191 334 6107 http://etheses.dur.ac.uk me91 In the name of Allah, the Gracious, the Merciful >° 9 43'' 0' eji e' e e> igo4 U61 J CO J: lic 6..ý v Lo ý , ý.,, "ý J ýs ýºý. ur ý,r11 Lýi is' ý9r ZU LZJE rju No disaster can befall on the earth or in your souls but it is in a book before We bring it into being; that is easy for Allah. In order that you may not grieve for what has escaped you, nor be exultant at what He has given you; and Allah does not love any prideful boaster. -
Time Prophecy with History and Archaeology
Time and Prophecy Time and Prophecy A Harmony of Time Prophecy with History and Archaeology July, 1995 (Reformatted July, 2021) Inquiries: [email protected] Table of Contents Preface . 1 Section 1 The Value of Time Prophecy . 3 Section 2 The Applications of William Miller . 6 Section 3 Time Features in Volumes 2, 3 . 10 Section 4 Connecting Bible Chronology to Secular History . 12 Section 5 The Neo-Babylonian Kings . 16 Section 6 The Seventy Years for Babylon . 25 Section 7 The Seven Times of Gentile Rule . 29 Section 8 The Seventy Weeks of Daniel Chapter 9 . 32 Section 9 The Period of the Kings . 36 Section 10 Seven Times from the Fall of Samaria . 57 Section 11 From the Exodus to the Divided Kingdom . 61 Section 12 430 Years Ending at the Exodus . 68 Section 13 Summary and Conclusions . 72 Appendix A Darius the Mede . 75 Appendix B The Decree of Cyrus . 80 Appendix C VAT 4956 (37 Nebuchadnezzar) . 81 Appendix D Kings of Judah and Israel . 83 Appendix E The End of the Judean Kingdom . 84 Appendix F Egyptian Pharaohs, 600-500s bc . 89 Appendix G The Canon of Ptolemy . 90 Appendix H Assyrian Chronology . 99 Appendix I The Calendar years of Judah . 104 Appendix J Years Counting from the Exodus . 107 Appendix K Nineteen Periods in Judges and 1 Samuel . 110 Appendix L Sabbatic and Jubilee Cycles . 111 Appendix M Route Through the Wilderness . 115 Appendix N Chronology of the Patriarchs . 116 Endnotes . 118 Bibliography . 138 Year 2000 Update Please Note: Update on Section 12 Dear Reader — In Section 12, beginning on page 73, we considered three options for the begin- ning of the 430 years of Exodus 12:40, and recommended the “Third Option” — beginning with the birth of Reuben — which would reconcile 6000 years ending in 1872 . -
Explore the Universe Observing Certificate Second Edition
RASC Observing Committee Explore the Universe Observing Certificate Second Edition Explore the Universe Observing Certificate Welcome to the Explore the Universe Observing Certificate Program. This program is designed to provide the observer with a well-rounded introduction to the night sky visible from North America. Using this observing program is an excellent way to gain knowledge and experience in astronomy. Experienced observers find that a planned observing session results in a more satisfying and interesting experience. This program will help introduce you to amateur astronomy and prepare you for other more challenging certificate programs such as the Messier and Finest NGC. The program covers the full range of astronomical objects. Here is a summary: Observing Objective Requirement Available Constellations and Bright Stars 12 24 The Moon 16 32 Solar System 5 10 Deep Sky Objects 12 24 Double Stars 10 20 Total 55 110 In each category a choice of objects is provided so that you can begin the certificate at any time of the year. In order to receive your certificate you need to observe a total of 55 of the 110 objects available. Here is a summary of some of the abbreviations used in this program Instrument V – Visual (unaided eye) B – Binocular T – Telescope V/B - Visual/Binocular B/T - Binocular/Telescope Season Season when the object can be best seen in the evening sky between dusk. and midnight. Objects may also be seen in other seasons. Description Brief description of the target object, its common name and other details. Cons Constellation where object can be found (if applicable) BOG Ref Refers to corresponding references in the RASC’s The Beginner’s Observing Guide highlighting this object. -
Winter Constellations
Winter Constellations *Orion *Canis Major *Monoceros *Canis Minor *Gemini *Auriga *Taurus *Eradinus *Lepus *Monoceros *Cancer *Lynx *Ursa Major *Ursa Minor *Draco *Camelopardalis *Cassiopeia *Cepheus *Andromeda *Perseus *Lacerta *Pegasus *Triangulum *Aries *Pisces *Cetus *Leo (rising) *Hydra (rising) *Canes Venatici (rising) Orion--Myth: Orion, the great hunter. In one myth, Orion boasted he would kill all the wild animals on the earth. But, the earth goddess Gaia, who was the protector of all animals, produced a gigantic scorpion, whose body was so heavily encased that Orion was unable to pierce through the armour, and was himself stung to death. His companion Artemis was greatly saddened and arranged for Orion to be immortalised among the stars. Scorpius, the scorpion, was placed on the opposite side of the sky so that Orion would never be hurt by it again. To this day, Orion is never seen in the sky at the same time as Scorpius. DSO’s ● ***M42 “Orion Nebula” (Neb) with Trapezium A stellar nursery where new stars are being born, perhaps a thousand stars. These are immense clouds of interstellar gas and dust collapse inward to form stars, mainly of ionized hydrogen which gives off the red glow so dominant, and also ionized greenish oxygen gas. The youngest stars may be less than 300,000 years old, even as young as 10,000 years old (compared to the Sun, 4.6 billion years old). 1300 ly. 1 ● *M43--(Neb) “De Marin’s Nebula” The star-forming “comma-shaped” region connected to the Orion Nebula. ● *M78--(Neb) Hard to see. A star-forming region connected to the Orion Nebula. -
The Observer's Handbook for 1912
T he O bservers H andbook FOR 1912 PUBLISHED BY THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA E d i t e d b y C. A, CHANT FOURTH YEAR OF PUBLICATION TORONTO 198 C o l l e g e St r e e t Pr in t e d fo r t h e So c ie t y 1912 T he Observers Handbook for 1912 PUBLISHED BY THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA TORONTO 198 C o l l e g e St r e e t Pr in t e d fo r t h e S o c ie t y 1912 PREFACE Some changes have been made in the Handbook this year which, it is believed, will commend themselves to observers. In previous issues the times of sunrise and sunset have been given for a small number of selected places in the standard time of each place. On account of the arbitrary correction which must be made to the mean time of any place in order to get its standard time, the tables given for a particualar place are of little use any where else, In order to remedy this the times of sunrise and sunset have been calculated for places on five different latitudes covering the populous part of Canada, (pages 10 to 21), while the way to use these tables at a large number of towns and cities is explained on pages 8 and 9. The other chief change is in the addition of fuller star maps near the end. These are on a large enough scale to locate a star or planet or comet when its right ascension and declination are given. -
Careful Measurements Reveal That the Earth Has a Slight Difference in Its Dimensions
Careful measurements reveal that the earth has a slight difference in its dimensions EUREKA!!! COPY EARTH’S SHAPE? •The shape of the earth is technically called an OBLATE SPHEROID: •Slightly flattened at the poles and bulging in the middle(equator) EXAGGERATED PICTURE! COPY BUT….. IT LOOKS PERFECTLY ROUND TO US! OBLATE SPHEROID check this out!!! IT’S DRILL TIME!!!!! Polar Equatorial Circumference Circumference Polar Equatorial diameter Diameter Actual Numbers • Polar diameter • Equatorial diameter = 12,714km = 12,757km (7882mi) (7909mi) • Polar • Equatorial Circumference Circumference = 40,076km = 40,006km (24,847mi) (24,804mi) MODEL COPY •A MODEL is a way of representing the properties of some object – (Drawing, diagram, graph, chart, photo, table) Evidence for the Earth’s Shape: • 1. Altitude of Polaris • 2. Gravity Measurements • 3. “Sinking” ships • 4. Lunar Eclipses * POLARIS= NORTH STAR NORTH POLE Earth’s AXIS of Rotation Geographic Poles SOUTH POLE WHAT ABOUT THE SOUTH POLE? • At the present time, Polaris is the pole star in the northern direction. Sigma Octantis is the closest star to the south celestial pole, but it is too faint to serve as a useful pole star. The Southern Cross constellation functions as an approximate southern pole constellation. Some people travel to the equator in order to be able to see both Polaris and the Southern cross. Pointer Stars! POLARIS Polaris is found in the little dipper!! COPY COPY Detailed Evidence for the Earth’s Shape COPY 1. Altitude of Polaris: The altitude is the ANGLE above the horizon Polaris is directly over the North Pole (Fixed Star) Your LATITUDE (degrees North or South of equator) equals ALTITUDE of POLARIS! 90O 30O 0O Person standing at 30ON POLARIS 90O 45O 0O 2. -
Wynyard Planetarium & Observatory a Autumn Observing Notes
Wynyard Planetarium & Observatory A Autumn Observing Notes Wynyard Planetarium & Observatory PUBLIC OBSERVING – Autumn Tour of the Sky with the Naked Eye CASSIOPEIA Look for the ‘W’ 4 shape 3 Polaris URSA MINOR Notice how the constellations swing around Polaris during the night Pherkad Kochab Is Kochab orange compared 2 to Polaris? Pointers Is Dubhe Dubhe yellowish compared to Merak? 1 Merak THE PLOUGH Figure 1: Sketch of the northern sky in autumn. © Rob Peeling, CaDAS, 2007 version 1.2 Wynyard Planetarium & Observatory PUBLIC OBSERVING – Autumn North 1. On leaving the planetarium, turn around and look northwards over the roof of the building. Close to the horizon is a group of stars like the outline of a saucepan with the handle stretching to your left. This is the Plough (also called the Big Dipper) and is part of the constellation Ursa Major, the Great Bear. The two right-hand stars are called the Pointers. Can you tell that the higher of the two, Dubhe is slightly yellowish compared to the lower, Merak? Check with binoculars. Not all stars are white. The colour shows that Dubhe is cooler than Merak in the same way that red-hot is cooler than white- hot. 2. Use the Pointers to guide you upwards to the next bright star. This is Polaris, the Pole (or North) Star. Note that it is not the brightest star in the sky, a common misconception. Below and to the left are two prominent but fainter stars. These are Kochab and Pherkad, the Guardians of the Pole. Look carefully and you will notice that Kochab is slightly orange when compared to Polaris. -
The Heavens in August a Study of Short Period Variables
100 SCIENTIFIC,AMERlCAN July 31, 1915 The Heavens in August A Study of Short Period Variables By Prof. Henry Norris Russell, Ph.D. HE warm clear nights of summer offer the amateur which is marked on our map, .and the second lies about and but 18 minutes of arc apart, while Neptune is only T the best chance for star-gazing in all the year, and, two fifths of the way from this to () Ophiuchi (also a degree away on the other side. This simultaneous fortunately, he has one of the finest portions of the shown on the map) and is the only bright star near conjunction of three planets is rather remarkable, but, heavens at his command in the splendid region of the this line. The character of the variation is in both as they rise less than an hour earlier than the Sun, Milky Way, which stretches from Cassiopeia and cases very similar to that of the stars previously de Neptune will be utterly invisible, though the other two Cygnus through Aquila to Sagittarius and Scorpio, and scribed. w Sagittarii varies from magnitude 4.3 to 5.1 planets may easily be seen with a telescope (provided forms a vast circle right across the summit of the vault in a period of 7.595 days, the ris� in brightness taking with suitable finding circles ) even in broad daylight, of heaven. about half as long as the fall, and the maximum being and in the same low-power field. The veriest novice can learn in an hour to identify a little more than twice the minimum light. -
LIST of PUBLICATIONS Aryabhatta Research Institute of Observational Sciences ARIES (An Autonomous Scientific Research Institute
LIST OF PUBLICATIONS Aryabhatta Research Institute of Observational Sciences ARIES (An Autonomous Scientific Research Institute of Department of Science and Technology, Govt. of India) Manora Peak, Naini Tal - 263 129, India (1955−2020) ABBREVIATIONS AA: Astronomy and Astrophysics AASS: Astronomy and Astrophysics Supplement Series ACTA: Acta Astronomica AJ: Astronomical Journal ANG: Annals de Geophysique Ap. J.: Astrophysical Journal ASP: Astronomical Society of Pacific ASR: Advances in Space Research ASS: Astrophysics and Space Science AE: Atmospheric Environment ASL: Atmospheric Science Letters BA: Baltic Astronomy BAC: Bulletin Astronomical Institute of Czechoslovakia BASI: Bulletin of the Astronomical Society of India BIVS: Bulletin of the Indian Vacuum Society BNIS: Bulletin of National Institute of Sciences CJAA: Chinese Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics CS: Current Science EPS: Earth Planets Space GRL : Geophysical Research Letters IAU: International Astronomical Union IBVS: Information Bulletin on Variable Stars IJHS: Indian Journal of History of Science IJPAP: Indian Journal of Pure and Applied Physics IJRSP: Indian Journal of Radio and Space Physics INSA: Indian National Science Academy JAA: Journal of Astrophysics and Astronomy JAMC: Journal of Applied Meterology and Climatology JATP: Journal of Atmospheric and Terrestrial Physics JBAA: Journal of British Astronomical Association JCAP: Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics JESS : Jr. of Earth System Science JGR : Journal of Geophysical Research JIGR: Journal of Indian -
Vol 9 No.3 Autumn, 1980 the PRESIDENT's MESSAGE
\~ .. ~'. '~. V , . .< :... > ,.... · . .' · . ' - , • (1,0 . - ..," , In This Issue FIFTY YEARS WITH THE PLANET PLUTO Cl yde Tombaugh 6 THE PLANETARIUM AND YOUNG CH ILDREN'S ASSUMPT IVE PHILOSOPH IES John R. Ne vius, Jr. 10 A COMMERCIAL MESSAGE Frank R. Engler, Jr. 12 PRECESS ION, CHANGING STAR POSITIONS Hubert Harber 16 A RESPONSE TO AN AS T ROLOGY STU DY APPEARING IN Th e Nationul Enquirer Gary Mechler, Cyndi McDaniel, Sleven MulbV 19 "A STATEMENT BY JA MES MICHENER" NASA's Report 10 Educators 26 FEATURES: The President's Message James Hooks 2 Leiters and Announcements 3 Wh at's New James Brown II Focus on Education Jeanne E. Bishop 13 Sky Notes Jack Dunn 21 Creatlve Comer ("Planet Building for Fun and Profit"by Jim Manning) Herb Schwan/. 22 Astronomy Resources Hi story of Astronomy Resource Cenler Provides Valuable Services [0 Pl anclarians George Reed 25 Jane's Corner Jane P. Geohegan 27 VoL 9 No.3 Autumn, 1980 THE PRESIDENT'S MESSAGE Dear Member: The Biennial International Planetarium Society Convention was a success! This was due to the great efforts and tireless work of the Adler Planetarium staff, Dr. Joe Chamberlain, President, and a host of speakers including fellow planetarians that presented papers on every subject matter relating to the planetarium profession. It was at this 1980 convention that I read a letter addressed to you from the President of the United States of America, President Jimmy Carter, and it is also included in this journal. As I have stated before, Planetarians are unique. There is probably more diversified knowledge among planetarians than any other society and it is our goal to promote and increase the students' and the public's understanding of Astronomy, the Sciences and the Related Arts of Literature and Music and to give insight into the future of this, our fragile earth on which we live.