Gaspar Van Wittel

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GASPAR VAN WITTEL Gaspar van Wittel, Italian name variation Gaspare Vanvitelli, (1652 or 1653, Amersfoort – 1736, Rome) was a Dutch painter who made a career in Rome where he played a fundamental role in the development of the genre of topographical painting known as veduta. • Van Wittel studied painting in Amersfoort. His first extant works were made in Hoorn in 1672 to where he had fled after the French invasion of Amersfoort. • He returned to his hometown where he was active until 1674, the year in which he left for Italy. He joined the Bentvueghels, an association of Dutch and Flemish artists working in Rome. Here he was nicknamed Gasparo dagli Occhiali (Gaspare with the spectacles). • In 1697 van Wittel married Anna Lorenzani. Their first son Luigi (Lodewijk van Wittel) was born in Naples in 1700. Luigi became a famous architect and used the Italianized family name of Vanvitelli. • A second son was born in 1702. Van Wittel spent almost all his life in Italy where he arrived in 1674. He lived mainly in Rome but, between 1694 and 1710, he also toured the country and painted in Florence, Bologna, Ferrara, Venice, Milan, Piacenza, Urbino, and Naples. Van Wittel is credited with turning topography into a specialism in Italian art. He is also considered to have influenced one of the major Italian vedutisti, the Venetian painter Canaletto. • His work developed from that of the Dutch Italianate painters, whose work incorporated Roman ruins and sights. Van Wittel's approach was derived from this and as a result his work should be seen as a mixture of landscape and urban architecture painting rather than simple vedute. • His work was very popular with travellers on their Grand Tour; most of them used to acquire van Wittel’s paintings when visiting in Italy. • His son Luigi (Lodewijk van Wittel) the most prominent 18th-century architect of Italy, practised a sober classicizing academic Late Baroque style that made an easy transition to Neoclassicism. • Luigi was commissioned by Charles VII of Naples to build the grandiose Palace of Caserta, the size of which recalls the Palace of Versailles. View of the Royal Palace, Naples View of the Riviera di Chiaia, Naples A View of the Bay of Pozzuoli, near Naples.

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