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The Jordan Museum: Exhibiting the Archaeology of Jordan

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The Jordan Museum: Exhibiting the Archaeology of Jordan Khairieh ‘Amr, Jihad Kafafi and Raeda Khairieh ‘Amr, Jihad Kafafi and Raeda Abdallah Abdallah The Jordan Museum PO Box 831225, Amman 11183, Jordan e-mail: [email protected] The Jordan Museum: Exhibiting the Archaeology of Jordan Development of a National Museum for Jordan Museum for Jordan was finally underway, with the Ideas for establishing a National Museum in Jor- aim of establishing a museum adhering to interna- dan have been developing since the 1960s. Archi- tional modern standards that would present the his- tectural plans commissioned by the Department tory and cultural heritage of Jordan to Jordanians of Antiquities for a National Museum at ‘Ammån and visitors alike. Citadel were ready as early as 1979 (Brawne and King Abdullah the Second Bin Al Hussein is- Associates 1979; see also Al-Azzawi et al. 1995: sued a royal decree on 16 May 2002 by which a 330-331), but concerns about locating the proposed National Museum, having financial and adminis- museum on such an archaeologically rich site pre- trative independence, was established in Jordan. vented their implementation. On 1 July 2003, His Majesty also accredited the In 1980, HRH Crown Prince al-Hassan Bin Ta- National Museum bylaw (no. 71 for the Year 2003, lal held the First Conference on the History and Ar- issued according to Item 31 of the Law of Antiqui- chaeology of Jordan at Oxford. Conference papers ties no. 21 for the Year 1988). recommended the establishment of a National Mu- On 12 January 2005 the governing Board of seum and, by 1989, a previously established com- Trustees, chaired by Her Majesty Queen Rania Al- mittee of concerned individuals, government offi- Abdullah, held its first meeting. On 2 October 2005 cials and university representatives had formed the Queen Rania laid the cornerstone of the Museum “Society of Jordanian Culture”, chaired by HRH building, designed by Jordanian architect Jafar Tu- Prince al-Hassan. This society worked on sev- kan, and the Board decided upon the name of “The eral topics that were eventually incorporated into Jordan Museum” for the new institution. the National Museum general concepts (Ibrahim 1991). General Concept, Mission and Objectives of the The main obstacle to the establishment of the Jordan Museum National Museum was lack of funding. Between The general concept of the exhibition plan for the 1994 and 1996, the Japan International Cooperation Museum is “A Story Telling of Jordan: Land and Agency (JICA) conducted the “Study on the Tour- People”, from the Palaeolithic to modern times. ism Development Plan in the Hashemite Kingdom This general concept has remained unchanged since of Jordan”, which recommended the implementa- the summer of 2003, when the National Museum tion of seven tourism development projects, includ- Technical Team started work on the upgrading of ing the National Museum. This was followed by the exhibition (see Barghouti et al. 2007). funding from the Japan Bank for International Co- The mission and objectives of the Museum can operation (JBIC) for “Special Assistance for Project be summarized in five main points: Formulation” and a detailed JICA study of the proj- 1. To be a cultural landmark and symbol of pride ects. In December 1999 these culminated with the for Jordan, reflecting its history and cultural signing of a Japanese loan agreement for financing heritage; the “Tourism Sector Development Project”. 2. To serve as a facility for creating awareness With the launching of the “Tourism Sector De- among Jordanians of the importance of their na- velopment Project”, work on achieving a National tional heritage; -219- KHAIRIeH ‘AMR eT AL. 3. To serve as a tourist attraction in order to pro- TABLE 1. Floor areas for the different in the Jordan Mu- mote tourism and to provide visitors with an seum overview of Jordan, land and people; 4. To serve as a research and study base for aca- demics and scholars; and 5. To serve as an educational facility for school children from across the nation in order to estab- lish in their minds the continuous cultural links of successive civilizations. The educational role of the Jordan Museum is seen as one of its distinctive aspects, whereby pro- grams are planned and designed to foster an under- standing of the national heritage. education is of course for all age groups, but children are perceived to be the main beneficiaries of these programs. Pro- grams and interactive workshops, aimed at creat- ing and broadening awareness and understanding of Jordan’s heritage and history, started well before education; and 5. visitor services (see TABLe 1). the opening of the museum in order to help foster a The first function, the exhibition, spans two sense of national identity. It is hoped that this will floors of the building (FIG. 2). Its design is dictated help in the national effort to preserve our cultural by all other functions, especially research and edu- heritage. cation. The Jordan Museum artefact collection is per- Building, Functions and Activities of the Jordan ceived as falling into two main categories, the Museum exhibited and reserve collections, with a special The Museum is currently under construction in emphasis on conservation and preservation. The downtown ‘Ammån, within the present City Plaza exhibited collection is categorised according to the at Rås al-‘Ayn (FIG. 1). It is perceived as a major material culture of the various historical periods, in component of a cultural centre connecting east and chronological order, and is presented in accordance west ‘Ammån. The structure has a total floor area with nine main themes that span and connect the of 9500m2, where five main interlinked functions periods. The reserve or storage collection is cat- will be carried out: 1. exhibition; 2. artefact collec- egorised by physical material in order to facilitate tion and conservation; 3. research and archiving; 4. its preservation (FIG. 3). 1. Location of the Jordan Museum. -220- THe JORDAN MuSeuM 2. Jordan Museum exhibition layout. 3. Jordan Museum collection management. The Exhibition into three main galleries: 1. The Archaeology and The exhibition in the Jordan Museum is divided History Gallery; 2. The Traditional Life Gallery; into two main parts: the Chronological Flow Halls and 3. The Modern Gallery. The main historical and the One-to-One Theatres. These are preceded periods are presented in terms of socio-cultural by an Orientation Hall that presents background development, a concept previously used in Jordan information on Jordan’s geography and geology, at the Museum of Jordanian Heritage, Yarmouk and general guidance regarding the exhibition university. The names of the halls were chosen halls. Starting here, exhibitions are used to encour- to reflect the periods they present and also to be age visitors to explore not only the Museum, but attractive to visitors (FIG. 4, noting that no ap- also cultural sites in Jordan. propriate name is yet available for the Abbasid- The Chronological Flow Halls are divided Fatimid Hall). -221- KHAIRIeH ‘AMR eT AL. 4. Jordan Museum Chronological Flow Halls. The concluding main gallery, the Modern Gal- introduced the notion of the One-to-One Theatres lery, covers Jordan’s modern and contemporary back in 2003, many details and concepts have been history from the Great Arab Revolt of 1916 up to evolving over the years (for example, compare FIG. the present, and describes the collective efforts of 4 to Barghouti et al. 2007: 144, FIG. 5). It is our the Hashemites and Jordanian people to build a vision that this process of evolution will continue modern and reformed country. even after the opening of the museum. The Traditional Life Gallery overlaps and connects the Archaeological and Modern exhibits. It presents The Archaeological Exhibits traditional heritage — Jordan’s “Living History” — Thanks to the help of the Department of Antiqui- with the aim of linking today’s generation of Jorda- ties and museum curators, we have been able to re- nian youth with their national heritage, highlighting cord thousands of objects from all time periods and elements relevant to modern Jordanian society. regions of Jordan for potential display. These are In terms of space, the Archaeology and History on loan from the Department of Antiquities and in- Gallery is the largest gallery in the Museum, pre- clude some of the treasures of Jordanian archaeol- senting Jordan’s history and culture from the Palae- ogy, including ‘Ayn Ghazål statues, the Tulaylåt al- olithic until the end of the Ottoman era in four main Ghasøl wall painting, the Pella ivory box, Khirbat sections: 1. The Stone Ages (Palaeolithic, epipa- adh-Dharπ˙ Nabataean statues, and the bronze bra- laeolithic, Neolithic and Chalcolithic); 2. Dawn of zier of al-Fudayn, as well as others that are currently History (Bronze and Iron Ages); 3. The Classical on display at the Jordan Archaeological Museum at Periods (Hellenistic, Nabataean, Roman and Byz- ‘Amman Citadel. As for the regional archaeologi- antine periods); and 4. Islamic Periods (Rashidun, cal museums, it is our policy not to weaken their umayyad, Abbasid-Fatimid, Ayyubid-Mamluk and exhibits so therefore the vast majority of artefacts Ottoman periods), that is to say from the “In the requested for loan are from their reserve (storage) Beginning” through to “The Last Caliphate” halls collections. All objects that are regarded as ‘icons’ in FIG. 4. of specific sites, such as the Ilahat Óayyan idol of Although the divisions described above have re- Petra and the Tyche statue of umm Qays, were not mained little changed in their essentials since we requested for loan but are represented at the Jor- -222- THe JORDAN MuSeuM 5. Jordan Museum One-to-One Theatres. dan Museum by photographs in order to encour- themes in FIG. 3. Of course, these ‘words’ have age people to visit the sites and to see these objects to be beautifully presented to make the story more where they belong.
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