DOCSLIB.ORG

THE HUNGARIAN DEMOSCENE Historymunity Centre and “Computer Christmases” Became Called Bash

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
THE HUNGARIAN DEMOSCENE Historymunity Centre and “Computer Christmases” Became Called Bash made it inevitable that the users of these kinds of computers THE HUNGARIAN DEMOSCENE would run into intros sooner or later. HISTORY The first Hungarian cracks and home-made games date back BY MURPHY OF EXCEED, MD1 AND SCENE.HU STAFF to 1986, on the C64 and the plus/4. In 1987 there were simple intros, some semi-professional games and tools, and the first, very simple demos appeared. As evidence of the popularity The Hungarian demoscene followed a very different path com- ucts appeared suddenly including Gorenje fridges, VHS video of demoscene, it’s very important to note that public thinking pared to the demoscene that existed in Western countries. This recorders, and the Commodore 64. Since officially obtainable was slightly different back then, and it was almost regarded was mostly because of the socialist state that existed in Hun- and expendable money was quite limited, most C64’s were as entirely normal/cool to program at home. Almost the entire gary until the late ‘80s. Wherein the western world’s popular smuggled into the country, hidden in the trunk or under a seat content of Commodore newspapers like “Commodore Újság” computer systems were quite difficult or very expensive for the of the car. It was very funny to see the row of Trabants (a cheap was composed of sources of home-made programs, and Hungarian people to obtain. and popular car produced in the former GDR (East Germany)) there was even a TV-programm, wherein the best program of at the Austrian-Hungarian border. Especially if you consider the month that was sent in was played back in a format which that at this time, a C64 computer with a 1541 drive, was more could be recorded to tape from your TV! THE BEGINNING (1986-1989) expensive than some cars! Besides the locally produced Videoton TVC, Primo or HT 1080Z, The prominent groups of 1988 and 1989 were on plus/4: H.C.S., the systems that ruled the Hungarian market (which failed in THE FIRST HUNGARIAN CRACKS Pigmy who worked solo, and 23 Celsius Team. On the C64 it was the Western countries), were the Commodore plus/4 and lat- AND HOME-MADE GAMES DATE Quality and FBI Crew. The variety of plus/4 games was much er the Enterprise 128. Moreover, the Commodore plus/4 sys- smaller than C64 games, so besides cracking and demo-de- tem enjoyed the role of being an official computer used in BACK TO 1986 velopment the creation and conversion of home-made games schools for years after it had been abandoned elsewhere in reached a very high level. Abroad, new games were not be- the west. As the strictness of the socialism eased, the borders Obtaining programs required some skill. There weren’t any ing developed on the plus/4, but the Hungarian games scene were opened slightly, and then not only could other “friendly companies that specialized in importing software. Officially flourished. It was funny to see the same names in the credits socialist” countries be visited, but people were finally allowed only games produced in Hungary could be purchased, though of Hungarian games, as they could be seen in the intros of im- to go to neighbouring Austria as well. some special shops sold programs that were from Western ported western games. countries, in exchange for hard currency. So it was not a ques- Hungarian customer-tourism started, and the popular prod- tion really whether the games could be bought or copied. This Things were slightly different with the Videoton TVC. exclusively to Hungary at this time and EVS was deemed the os; moreover articles were published about demo-effect pro- Since there were no foreign systems, the users (who best demo team, but the most popular ones at this time were gramming, too. For example Jean of Chromance wrote long were bored of the games) started to develop their TCFS and Muffbusters (which switched articles about the demoscene for the own. The formation of the community was really easy over to Amiga in the middle of 1991) Commodore Világ gamer newspa- because Videoton maintained a club in the capital for because of their games. Generally per. The scene became stronger and the fans of the computer. Some demo-like products speaking, scene-life in 1991 was quite stronger until 1994. There were already were born, but the scene for this platform didn’t reach active: members came and went, around 6-7 smaller and larger parties a very large size. teams formed and vanished. The 23 in existence in Hungary, and the first Celsius Crew, who were formerly ac- regularly recurring party series called The demoscene in general grew slowly, the first par- tive on plus/4, by this time, changed Cache (renamed from Bash and In ties taking place at the weekly club of Csokonai com- to Amiga and started a party series Bloom) also came to existence at this THE HUNGARIAN DEMOSCENE HISTORYmunity centre and “Computer Christmases” became called Bash. For the first time in Hun- time. The diskmag scene was flourish- an important meeting point for sceners. The number gary more than 500 visitors showed up “Show” by Majic 12, winner of the Hammering 1994 pc demo ing too, with at least 5 magazines that of the teams increased, and around 1989 and 1990, at a demoscene event! The group was competition were published for each platform with the Amiga fans became active as well. Teams were formed or active until 1993, when some of them solid regularity. Diskmags at this time shifted from the 8-bit platforms to 16-bit computers. joined the Norwegian team Frogs, and were full of heated discussions and, of later represented the Hungarian sec- course, flame wars. tion of Balance for a short time. They GATHERING MOMENTUM (1990-1995) were also responsible for the first - and On PC, besides many smaller demos, Even though the Hungarian scene didn’t pertain at this time to later legendary - Amiga camp on Majic 12 published “The Show”, which the “real elite”, there were well-known teams on all platforms. Parád. strengthened their position amongst On Amiga: Majic 12, Cerberos, and Soc Brigade and on C64: the international elite, while gRiF (in co- Chromance, Graffity, and Faces, were the biggest names of The demoscene was generally be- operation with Catchup) made one of this era. In 1991 the PC-scene also started to come to life – Soc coming well known at this time in Hun- the best designed demos of the era. Brigade gave the platform a shot, as well as Majic 12, Twin Sec- gary and computer magazines regu- “Revolution” by Chorus, winner of the Fun Factory 1994 c64 On the C64, the former great names tor Inc. gRiF appeared a little later, which had the plus/4 system larly wrote one or two pages about it demo competition didn’t make any new demos, but a as its roots in the scene. The latter scene was limited almost monthly, where they usually introduced the recent best dem- new crew - Chorus, published their legendary first demo Revo- lution, while coders from EVS (who originally worked on minute were another big obstacle. of several teams) called Shock!, introduced itself to the scene plus/4) started to publish their routines for C64 under with a 4k intro and an animation; and it is also notable for Unit- the name Exile. This team later changed its name to It’s also worth noting that Hungarian scene-life was already ed Force’s presence, as they finally made the shift from plus/4 Resource, and they continued to release their demos busy and eventful at this time, so most people didn’t miss out to the PC. Most people also took note of a new C64 team at under that label to this day. on anything, because they could be in touch with many others the party: Profik, which was originally a “just for fun” group. For- locally as well. tunately this was not a real nadir for the demoscene, but the On Amiga the top team was Absolute, only Faculty beginning of a generation change: certainly this was the first could keep up with them. The Hungarian scene, as demoparty of the later determinant faces of the scene. There usual, was quite incestuous. Only a few people from THE BOOM (1995-1998) was another big change at this party. The organizers made the elite were in touch with sceners of foreign coun- In the beginning of 1995, an up to that time unknown team a separate category for the previously emerging and popu- tries. Overseas teams rarely came to Hungarian par- called Astroidea announced Scenest 95, which was intended lar fake demos (mostly parody demos created for fun), called THE HUNGARIAN DEMOSCENE HISTORYties, and before Assembly 94 only 1 or 2 people visited to be the biggest Hungarian party ever. Melan, the main or- “Lamer Demo”. That year nothing overly interesting happened foreign parties at most. Hungarian entries didn’t rank ganizer, wanted to make in this competition, but one highly, except for Petroff/Absolute who came in on 2nd sure that the party would year later it became one place in the 4-channel music competition. Despite the Hungar- become a serious suc- of the most important, and ian demoscene having appeared on many communication cess, so he announced most interesting, categories channels, there were still people in Hungary who didn’t know it the party not only in at Hungarian parties. even existed; e.g. the members of Mandula, who left for Assem- scene communities, but bly where they met several Hungarians to their great surprise.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Operator's Handbook Spindle Operator’S Handbook
    SPINDLE Operator's Handbook Spindle Operator’s Handbook 2 Operator’s Handbook rev. 1, Spindle 3.0 Spindle Operator’s Handbook Contents Introduction . 5 Features . 5 License . 6 Building from source . 6 Acknowledgements . 6 I Loader and decruncher 7 1.1 Basic operation . 9 1.2 The load script . 10 1.3 Bank selection . 11 1.4 A humble trackmo . 12 1.5 Running Spin . 15 1.6 Labels and seeking . 16 1.7 Multi-side trackmos . 17 1.8 Directory art . 18 1.9 Advanced features . 18 II Effect linking framework 21 2.1 Overview . 23 2.2 Lifecycle . 25 2.3 The effect header . 26 2.4 Driver . 28 2.5 Early setup code . 29 2.6 Overlapping lifecycles . 30 2.7 Making a chain . 32 2.8 Music . 33 2.8.1 Installing a player . 33 2.8.2 Synchronisation . 34 2.9 Visualisation . 36 2.10 Labels, jumps, and loops . 39 Operator’s Handbook rev. 1, Spindle 3.0 3 Spindle Operator’s Handbook 2.11 Flip-disk parts . 41 2.12 Streaming data . 42 2.12.1 Streaming graphics . 42 2.12.2 Streaming music . 44 2.13 Effect debugging . 45 2.14 Using the reserved areas . 46 2.15 Methodology . 46 4 Operator’s Handbook rev. 1, Spindle 3.0 Spindle Operator’s Handbook Introduction Congratulations on your discovery of Spindle, the integrated linking, loading, and decrunching solution for trackmos and other data-intensive applications for the Commodore 64 and Commodore 1541 platform. The core of Spindle is a cutting-edge IRQ loader featuring extremely fast scattered loading and decrunching, a small RAM footprint, and state of the art serial transfer routines.
    [Show full text]
  • Vysok´E Uˇcení Technick´E V Brnˇe Grafick´E Intro Do
    VYSOKEU´ CENˇ ´I TECHNICKE´ V BRNEˇ BRNO UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY FAKULTA INFORMACNˇ ´ICH TECHNOLOGI´I USTAV´ POCˇ ´ITACOVˇ E´ GRAFIKY A MULTIMEDI´ ´I FACULTY OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER GRAPHICS AND MULTIMEDIA GRAFICKE´ INTRO DO 64KB S POUZITˇ ´IM OPENGL GRAPHIC INTRO 64KB USING OPENGL DIPLOMOVA´ PRACE´ MASTER’S THESIS AUTOR PRACE´ PAVEL GUNIA AUTHOR VEDOUC´I PRACE´ Ing. ADAM HEROUT, Ph.D. SUPERVISOR BRNO 2007 Abstrakt Tato pr´acepojedn´av´ao fenom´enu grafick´eho intra, ˇcasto oznaˇcovan´emjako digit´aln´ıgraffiti. Detailnˇese rozebere t´ema grafick´ehointra s omezenou velikost´ıa pop´ıˇs´ıse techniky vhodn´e k jeho realizaci. Na konci pr´acejsou diskutov´any postˇrehy a zkuˇsenosti z´ıskan´ebˇehem tvorby, stejnˇetak i celkov´eshrut´ıa pohled do budoucna. Kl´ıˇcov´aslova poˇc´ıtaˇcov´agrafika, digit´aln´ıumˇen´ı,demo, intro, OpenGL, procedur´aln´ıgenerov´an´ı,komp- rese, parametrick´ekˇrivky, parametrick´eplochy, syntetizovan´ahudba Abstract This work deals with the phenomenon of graphic intros, a digital graffiti of the modern age. The focus is put on size restricted animation of size of the executable file lower than 64 kilobytes. It reveals the main techniques used. Finally, interesting aspects and experiences that came up are discussed, as well as the conclusion and future work proposal. Keywords computer graphics, digital art, demo, intro, OpenGL, procedural generation, compression, parametric curve, parametric surface, synthetized music Citace Pavel Gunia: Graphic intro 64kB using OpenGL, diplomov´apr´ace, Brno, FIT VUT v Brnˇe, 2007 Graphic intro 64kB using OpenGL Prohl´aˇsen´ı Prohlaˇsuji, ˇzejsem tuto diplomovou pr´aci vypracoval samostatnˇepod veden´ımpana Ing.
    [Show full text]
  • Demoscene Outreach Tour
    together with Gargaj from Conspiracy and Steeler from DKEV/ THE MAN FROM THE AUDIENCE Breakpoint organizing, who where hosting screenings and talks I was handing out DVDs after the show when I quickly checked of their own. ›DEMOSCENE my bag and seeing that I was seriously quickly nearing the end OUTREACH TOUR: of my supply, I realized that it would be stupid of me to run out The previous year, Knos (also of Scene.org fame) and I had worked of discs on the second day of a five-day conference. I covered THE FULL STORY together to produce a DVD that we could hand out to the partici- the remaining few discs and started telling people around me pants of the screening. This DVD contained most of the nominated (PART 1)‹ that I unfortunately was out of discs. A little nasty perhaps, but I BY GLOOM OF EXCESS productions and a simple DVD menu-structure that allowed the would need them during one-on-one outreach meet-ups later on. viewer to quickly watch video-captured versions of the demos. At Suddenly a guy approached me from the back of the now thin- FMX/06, I had run out of these DVDs moments after the screening, ning crowd of people. “Do you have one for me as well?” he said. because everyone wanted a copy, so in 2007 I made sure to burn “Okay then,” I thought, and handed him a DVD. “Thanks for this” By now, most of you are probably aware of the demoscene out- twice as many copies.
    [Show full text]
  • Download the Pdf Here
    of people who got together through Bulletin Board Systems, THE PORTUGUESE DEMOSCENE Reckless Life BBS and Infinity BBS run by the infamous Captain Hook. The scene thrived through the nineties with the uprising HISTORY of IRC and the two issues of the diskmag, Infinity, put together BY PS OF TPOLM by Garfield, VAngel and Spellcaster if my memory serves me correctly. The first documented demoscene event in Portugal The Portuguese demoscene, as most Portuguese technology, ducing cheap labour for English-owned factories of the ZX Sin- was organized in 1996 and was called the Virtual Music Con- is a fluke of chance. For many years, Portugal held last place clair Spectrum family of machines. While kids in Central and test. It was just a simple tracking competition. Groups formed among Europe’s nations in iliteracy per capita and emigration. Northern Europe were playing with their Commodores and around this time were Radioactive Design (RD) with Garfield, Certified higher education for new technologies and arts has Ataris during the late eighties, in Portugal we were consuming only been institutionalized within the last 10 years. Even large Spectrum magnetic tapes. WHILE KIDS IN CENTRAL volume capitalist markets, such as the videogame industry, AND NORTHERN EUROPE are still in their infancy in Portugal. It has only been six years, THE BIRTH OF THE PORTUGUESE at most, since serious full time jobs became available in the WERE PLAYING WITH THEIR business. In fact Portugal is a country that mostly imports and DEMOSCENE COMMODORES AND ATARIS, IN consumes technology (2.5 cellphones per person on average) The first known demo made by a Portuguese demoscener was PORTUGAL WE WERE CONSUMING instead of developing and exporting it.
    [Show full text]
  • Camila Schafer
    UNIVERSIDADE DO VALE DO RIO DOS SINOS (UNISINOS) PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM CIÊNCIAS DA COMUNICAÇÃO (PPGCC) NÍVEL MESTRADO CAMILA SCHÄFER ENTRE O NOVO E O OBSOLETO: MEMÓRIA, RASTROS E AURA DO HARDWARE NA CHIPMUSIC SÃO LEOPOLDO Março de 2014 Camila Schäfer ENTRE O NOVO E O OBSOLETO: MEMÓRIA, RASTROS E AURA DO HARDWARE NA CHIPMUSIC Dissertação apresentada como requisito parcial para a obtenção do título de Mestre , pelo Programa de Pós- Graduação em Ciências da Comunicação da Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos – UNISINOS. Área de concentração: Processos Midiáticos. Linha de Pesquisa: Mídias e Processos Audiovisuais. Orientador: Profª. Drª. Suzana Kilpp São Leopoldo Março de 2014 S296e Schäfer, Camila Entre o novo e o obsoleto: memória, rastros e aura do hardware na Chipmusic/ por Camila Schäfer. -- São Leopoldo, 2014. 136 f.: il. color; 30 cm. Dissertação (mestrado) – Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Comunicação, São Leopoldo, RS, 2014. Área de concentração: Processos midiáticos. Linha de Pesquisa: Mídias e processos audiovisuais. Orientação: Profª. Drª. Suzana Kilpp, Escola da Indústria Criativa. 1.Videogames – Sonoplastia. 2.Jogos eletrônicos – Sonoplastia. 3.Som – Registro e reprodução – Técnicas digitais. 4.Computador – Música. 5.Hardware. I.Kilpp, Suzana. II.Título. CDU 004:794 004.4'277.4:794 Catalogação na publicação: Bibliotecária Carla Maria Goulart de Moraes – CRB 10/1252 AGRADECIMENTOS Como a maioria dos textos de agradecimento, inicio este reafirmando o que muitos outros já disseram: nenhuma pesquisa se constrói sozinha, assim como nenhum pesquisador realiza seu trabalho e se desenvolve sem a contribuição de outras pessoas.
    [Show full text]
  • Computer Demos—What Makes Them Tick?
    AALTO UNIVERSITY School of Science and Technology Faculty of Information and Natural Sciences Department of Media Technology Markku Reunanen Computer Demos—What Makes Them Tick? Licentiate Thesis Helsinki, April 23, 2010 Supervisor: Professor Tapio Takala AALTO UNIVERSITY ABSTRACT OF LICENTIATE THESIS School of Science and Technology Faculty of Information and Natural Sciences Department of Media Technology Author Date Markku Reunanen April 23, 2010 Pages 134 Title of thesis Computer Demos—What Makes Them Tick? Professorship Professorship code Contents Production T013Z Supervisor Professor Tapio Takala Instructor - This licentiate thesis deals with a worldwide community of hobbyists called the demoscene. The activities of the community in question revolve around real-time multimedia demonstrations known as demos. The historical frame of the study spans from the late 1970s, and the advent of affordable home computers, up to 2009. So far little academic research has been conducted on the topic and the number of other publications is almost equally low. The work done by other researchers is discussed and additional connections are made to other related fields of study such as computer history and media research. The material of the study consists principally of demos, contemporary disk magazines and online sources such as community websites and archives. A general overview of the demoscene and its practices is provided to the reader as a foundation for understanding the more in-depth topics. One chapter is dedicated to the analysis of the artifacts produced by the community and another to the discussion of the computer hardware in relation to the creative aspirations of the community members.
    [Show full text]
  • 3D Computer Graphics Compiled By: H
    animation Charge-coupled device Charts on SO(3) chemistry chirality chromatic aberration chrominance Cinema 4D cinematography CinePaint Circle circumference ClanLib Class of the Titans clean room design Clifford algebra Clip Mapping Clipping (computer graphics) Clipping_(computer_graphics) Cocoa (API) CODE V collinear collision detection color color buffer comic book Comm. ACM Command & Conquer: Tiberian series Commutative operation Compact disc Comparison of Direct3D and OpenGL compiler Compiz complement (set theory) complex analysis complex number complex polygon Component Object Model composite pattern compositing Compression artifacts computationReverse computational Catmull-Clark fluid dynamics computational geometry subdivision Computational_geometry computed surface axial tomography Cel-shaded Computed tomography computer animation Computer Aided Design computerCg andprogramming video games Computer animation computer cluster computer display computer file computer game computer games computer generated image computer graphics Computer hardware Computer History Museum Computer keyboard Computer mouse computer program Computer programming computer science computer software computer storage Computer-aided design Computer-aided design#Capabilities computer-aided manufacturing computer-generated imagery concave cone (solid)language Cone tracing Conjugacy_class#Conjugacy_as_group_action Clipmap COLLADA consortium constraints Comparison Constructive solid geometry of continuous Direct3D function contrast ratioand conversion OpenGL between
    [Show full text]
  • TIMES of CHANGE in the DEMOSCENE a Creative Community and Its Relationship with Technology
    TIMES OF CHANGE IN THE DEMOSCENE A Creative Community and Its Relationship with Technology Markku Reunanen ACADEMIC DISSERTATION To be presented, with the permission of the Faculty of Humanities of the University of Turku, for public examination in Classroom 125 University Consortium of Pori, on February 17, 2017, at 12.00 TURUN YLIOPISTON JULKAISUJA – ANNALES UNIVERSITATIS TURKUENSIS Sarja - ser. B osa - tom. 428 | Humanoria | Turku 2017 TIMES OF CHANGE IN THE DEMOSCENE A Creative Community and Its Relationship with Technology Markku Reunanen TURUN YLIOPISTON JULKAISUJA – ANNALES UNIVERSITATIS TURKUENSIS Sarja - ser. B osa - tom. 428 | Humanoria | Turku 2017 University of Turku Faculty of Humanities School of History, Culture and Arts Studies Degree Programme in Cultural Production and Landscape Studies Digital Culture, Juno Doctoral Programme Supervisors Professor Jaakko Suominen University lecturer Petri Saarikoski University of Turku University of Turku Finland Finland Pre-examiners Professor Nick Montfort Associate professor Olli Sotamaa Massachusetts Institute of Technology University of Tampere United States Finland Opponent Assistant professor Carl Therrien University of Montreal Canada The originality of this thesis has been checked in accordance with the University of Turku quality assurance system using the Turnitin OriginalityCheck service. ISBN 978-951-29-6716-2 (PRINT) ISBN 978-951-29-6717-9 (PDF) ISSN 0082-6987 (PRINT) ISSN 2343-3191 (ONLINE) Cover image: Markku Reunanen Juvenes Print, Turku, Finland 2017 Abstract UNIVERSITY OF TURKU Faculty of Humanities School of History, Culture and Arts Studies Degree Programme in Cultural Production and Landscape Studies Digital Culture REUNANEN, MARKKU: Times of Change in the Demoscene: A Creative Commu- nity and Its Relationship with Technology Doctoral dissertation, 100 pages, 88 appendix pages January 17, 2017 The demoscene is a form of digital culture that emerged in the mid-1980s after home computers started becoming commonplace.
    [Show full text]
  • What You Need to Do a 64K Intro
    What you need to do a 64K intro Pekka Väänänen I’m Pekka Väänänen - Nickname: cce - PC demoscener, member of groups Peisik and Macau Exports - Master’s student at University of Helsinki - Been part of > 20 demo projects Agenda 1. What a 64K intro is 2. Our latest demo 3. What you don’t need 4. What you do need 5. What you might want Divided into three parts. I’m trying to motivate you to make your own 64k intro by showing a way how we did ours. These rules are a bit cheeky so take them with a grain of salt :) - A 65536 byte executable - Usually runs on Windows What’s a 64k? - Plays music and audio - Packed with an EXE packer 64k intro = subset of demo A bit of a dead art form Guberniya, a 64K intro. Credits: cce, varko, noby, branch, msqrt, and goatman. Released at Revision 2017 this Easter. Ranked sixth. This is the final version that’s a bit different from the one shown at the party. Timeline - Some synth experiments already past year - Started working with an existing codebase in January - Released at Revision 2017, April 15th - ~350 commits, total of 5 contributors The codebase was Pheromone, another intro we made earlier so we had a basic skeleton to work with. You can see a huge spike at easter. The bars after that are edits for the final version. ... to write any assembly ... a fancy tool You don’t need... … a scene graph ... years of experience … 3D models You might already have ideas what it takes to write something like this.
    [Show full text]
  • Experiences and Challenges in Fatality Reduction on Polish Roads
    sustainability Article Experiences and Challenges in Fatality Reduction on Polish Roads Kazimierz Jamroz , Marcin Budzy ´nski , Aleksandra Romanowska * , Joanna Zukowska˙ , Jacek Oskarbski and Wojciech Kustra Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdansk University of Technology, 80-233 Gda´nsk,Poland; [email protected] (K.J.); [email protected] (M.B.); [email protected] (J.Z.);˙ [email protected] (J.O.); [email protected] (W.K.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +48-58-347-17-97 Received: 31 December 2018; Accepted: 11 February 2019; Published: 13 February 2019 Abstract: According to the UN, road safety is the key to achieving sustainable development goals, yet the complexity of how road accidents happen makes this a difficult challenge leaving many countries struggling with the problem. For years, Poland has infamously been one of the EU’s top countries for road-accident fatality rates. Despite that, it has made significant progress in the last thirty years with a fatality reduction of more than 60%. A number of factors have contributed to this result: improving the socioeconomic situation, improving road safety measures, changing road user behaviour and changing national road safety programmes. This article presents Poland’s approach to road safety and, in particular, Vision Zero, adopted in 2005. Poland’s road safety changed over the years as the country learned from its successes and failures. Tools for forecasting fatalities were developed and used to identify the main factors that have helped to reduce deaths. An assessment was conducted on how Poland could implement Vision Zero until 2050 under different road safety scenarios.
    [Show full text]
  • Ad Hoc Working Group to Reassess Daptomycin Breakpoint for Enterococci
    Ad Hoc Working Group to Reassess Daptomycin Breakpoint for Enterococci Jim Jorgensen (co-Chair) Mike Satlin (co-Chair) German Esparza Amy Mathers Linda Miller Elizabeth Palavecino Robin Patel Katherine Young Barbara Zimmer Romney Humphries and Shelley Miller (Advisors) David Nicolau and Joe Kuti (Advisors) Cesar Arias (Advisors) CLSI January 2018 Proposal for Daptomycin/Enterococci Breakpoints • Susceptible: ≤1 μg/mL* • Susceptible-Dose Dependent: 2-4 μg/mL** • Resistant: ≥ 8 μg/mL Comments: *Based on a dosage regimen of 6 mg/kg/day in adults **Increased daptomycin doses of 10-12 mg/kg are recommended for infections caused by these organisms, with potential consideration of combination therapy. • AHWG vote: 5-0-0-4 (Approval) • Breakpoint WG approved this 11-0-1-1 (Approval) • Subcommittee vote: 7-6-0-0 (Did not pass) What concerns were raised in January that led to failure to obtain approval? • Safety of recommending higher doses of daptomycin than what is in the FDA label • CK elevations and rhabdomyolysis • Eosinophilic pneumonitis? • Should we separate E. faecium breakpoints from other enterococci and is so should we just have S-DD and R (instead of S, S-DD, and R) • Other concerns: • For all infections? What about urinary tract infections? • Lack of clarity around “combination therapy” Microbiologic data: MIC Distributions ECV would be 4 μg/mL for E. faecium UCLA Data International EUCAST MIC Distributions Microbiologic Data: AST Testing: E. faecium UCLA: MIC ≥8 μg/mL UCLA: MIC ≤1 μg/mL Multicenter study: MIC 2-4 μg/mL • 84% of reads ≥8 μg/mL • 78% of reads ≤2 μg/mL Very difficult to reliably separate isolates with MICs • 94% if remove outlier • 100% ≤4 μg/mL in the 2-4 μg/mL range Clinical Cutoff Are clinical outcomes worse with DAP MICs 3-4 μg/mL vs.
    [Show full text]
  • Game Players PC Entertainment
    CONTENTS .9 .0 .... 10 TOMORROW'S THE DESKTOP GENERAL LANDS OF LORE • GAMES TODAY: Gary Grigsby's obsession EDITOR'S NOTES THE UNDERGROUND with the Russian Front •• DEMO SCENE campaigns of WWIl culmi­ 51M FA RM Right now, gangs of young nates with War irl Russia , his MEGABYTES• cyberpunks fife roaming magnum opus. According to PC Gam ing News and Trends the Internet. Using names William Trotter, this is •• like Future Crew, Silents, Grigsby's finest effort yet. WING COMMANDER ,. and Toxic Zombies, these ACADEMY GAME BYTES talt:'ntcd hackers are pro­ B-Ball, Go'd*J uJ/o ~Sword, Brix, grC1 mming the future. This is .0 Crime City, Dr. Ts Sil1g-A­ what it'll look like. ARMOUI<-GEDDON Loll,'?, Crosswire •• SEAL"" TEAM •• IT'S NOT JUST SmONCHOLD FOR KIDS ANYMORE Four new p inball simulations •• u TORNADO bring a classic American PET ER•• PAN SAM AND MAX pas time into the high-tech HIT THE ROAD limelight. 80 They're Sa m & Max, GATEWAY H: eo FreelancE' Police. 1\ big HOMEWORLD COHORTH ca nine gumshoe and a gaunt, razor-toothed rabbit. •• 1DO Scott Wolf introduces you to WARLORDSH NHL HOCKE Y LucasArts' new crimt.."'­ •• fighting duo - and we ALTERNATE UVES 101 promise no one w ill get hurt. Most of today's role-playing .. games are basically designed RULES OF STREET FIGHTER /I •• the way they were 5 or 10 ENGAGEMENT 2 BACK WITH A VENGEANCE years ago. It's time for a '0. Avalon HUI, the compimy change - but what's the 7D SLATER & CHARLI E that launched the wargam­ right direction? ASHES Of EM PIRE GO CAMPING ing craze back in the 19505, is gearing up for a second •• ,.
    [Show full text]