Résilience Des Sapinières Aux Surabondances Des Grands Herbivores

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Résilience Des Sapinières Aux Surabondances Des Grands Herbivores Résilience des sapinières aux surabondances des grands herbivores Le contrôle des densités permet-il le retour des composantes taxonomiques et fonctionnelles de l’écosystème? Thèse Marianne Bachand Doctorat en biologie végétale Philosophiae Doctor (Ph.D.) Québec, Canada © Marianne Bachand, 2013 Résumé Combiner des approches basées sur la composition en espèces et sur les traits fonctionnels a permis d’évaluer la réaction de l’écosystème forestier boréal à la suite de réductions de densités de cerfs, dans un contexte de surabondance. Un dispositif de broutement contrôlé a été instauré en 2001 à l’île d’Anticosti et a été suivi pendant 8 ans. Dans ce dispositif, la densité de cerfs était maintenue à 4 niveaux : 0, 7,5, 15 cerfs/km2 ainsi qu’à densité in situ (26-56 cerfs/km2). Avec l’approche taxonomique, 12 plantes, 11 papillons et 1 oiseau ont été identifiés comme indicateurs de 12 densités de cerfs. L’utilisation de combinaisons de deux ou trois espèces de plantes a ajouté des indicateurs pour 17 patrons de densités de cerfs augmentant ainsi la capacité d’estimation des densités. Ensuite, des syndromes fonctionnels à hautes densités et densités réduites de cerfs ont été identifiés grâce à l’analyse des traits fonctionnels des communautés. À haute densité de cerfs (>15 cerfs/km²), les traits dominants chez les plantes, tels qu’une reproduction végétative et une pollinisation et dispersion abiotique, impliquaient peu d’interactions avec les animaux, ce qui pourrait nuire au maintien de la biodiversité. De plus, bien que les méthodes de réduction de cerfs ne permettent pas, en 8 ans, un retour de la composition en espèces d’une sapinière de référence, elles permettent une succession menant à une composition fonctionnelle similaire à cet écosystème de référence. Finalement, les indices fonctionnels (ex : Rao), sont plus révélateurs de la réaction de la végétation à différentes densités de cerfs que les indices spécifiques (ex : Shannon), notamment lorsqu’on considère la variance de certains traits, comme la reproduction végétative qui diminue à haute densité de cerfs. Une faible variance d’un trait peut affecter la résilience d’un écosystème à de nouvelles perturbations. Ces résultats permettent d’entrevoir le retour d’une sapinière fonctionnelle sur l’île d’Anticosti avec une réduction des densités de cerfs. iii Abstract We combined specific and functional approaches of biodiversity to capture the impact of deer densities on communities of Anticosti Island. With the specific approach, 12 plants, 11 moths and one bird have been identified as indicator of 12 specific patterns of deer densities. The use of plant combinations in comparison with single plant species added indicators for 17 deer density patterns and increased our capacity to estimate deer density. Then, functional syndromes at high and reduced deer densities were identified through analysis of functional traits of communities. For example, plants at high densities (> 15cerfs/km²) had a vegetative reproduction and abiotic pollination and dispersal. They are traits involving few interactions with animals, which could affect the maintenance of biodiversity. In addition, after eight years of succession, reduction of deer density on Anticosti did not allow the return of species composition similar to the one found in a reference stand of balsam fir forest. However, communities at reduced deer densities had similar composition of functional traits to the reference. Finally, the indices of species diversity (e.g. Shannon) did not change according to deer density but the indices of functional diversity (e.g. Rao) did. For example, the variance of some traits, such as vegetative reproduction, was reduced at high deer density. Low variance of a trait can affect the resilience of ecosystems to new disturbances. These results provide a glimpse for the return of afunctional Balsam fir forest on Anticosti Island when deer densities are controlled. v Table des matières RESUME ............................................................................................................................................................ III ABSTRACT ......................................................................................................................................................... V AVANT-PROPOS ........................................................................................................................................... XVII REMERCIEMENTS ......................................................................................................................................... XXI TABLE DES MATIERES ................................................................................................................................... VII LISTE DES TABLEAUX ..................................................................................................................................... XI LISTE DES FIGURES ...................................................................................................................................... XIII LISTE DES ANNEXES ..................................................................................................................................... XV CHAPITRE 1 ....................................................................................................................................................... 1 INTRODUCTION GÉNÉRALE ....................................................................................................................... 1 Définir l’indéfinissable biodiveristé ............................................................................................................. 2 Mesurer la biodiversité : à multiples composantes, multiples mesures ..................................................... 3 La diversité taxonomique ...................................................................................................................... 3 La diversité fonctionnelle ....................................................................................................................... 4 Les perturbations environnementales « filtrent » les espèces avec des traits distinctifs ........................... 6 Les stratégies adaptatives ......................................................................................................................... 8 Les stratégies r et K .............................................................................................................................. 8 Les stratégies C-S-R ............................................................................................................................. 9 Les stratégies de Tilman ..................................................................................................................... 10 Les stratégies de Westoby .................................................................................................................. 11 Les perturbations anthropiques et les modifications de la biodiversité .................................................... 11 Les perturbations et la stabilité des écosystèmes : notions d’équilibre, de résistance et de résilience ... 11 La restauration pour pallier aux effets des perturbations ......................................................................... 12 Les grands herbivores : une perturbation anthropique de la biodiversité ................................................ 13 Les grands herbivores et les plantes ................................................................................................... 14 Les grands herbivores et les communautés végétales ....................................................................... 15 Les grands herbivores et les communautés animales ........................................................................ 15 Les grands herbivores et les fonctions des écosystèmes ................................................................... 16 Un laboratoire à ciel ouvert : la biodiversité de l’île d’Anticosti et sa population de cerfs de Virginie ...... 17 Objectifs et organisation de la thèse ........................................................................................................ 19 Hypothèses et prédictions ....................................................................................................................... 19 La composition des communautés de plantes, d’insectes et d’oiseaux dans un milieu subissant la pression des herbivores ongulés dépend de la densité d’herbivores. ................................................. 19 La réduction de la densité de grands herbivores modifie les traits des communautés végétales et animales. ............................................................................................................................................. 20 Contrôler les densités de cerfs permet le retour des composantes taxonomiques et fonctionnelles d’une végétation de sapinière ............................................................................................................. 20 Les changements de la végétation occasionnés par une réduction de cerfs peuvent être détectés par différents indices de diversité .............................................................................................................. 21 CHAPITRE 2: .................................................................................................................................................... 23 SPECIES INDICATORS OF LARGE HERBIVORE DENSITY: COMPARING TAXA AND
Recommended publications
  • Lepidoptera of North America 5
    Lepidoptera of North America 5. Contributions to the Knowledge of Southern West Virginia Lepidoptera Contributions of the C.P. Gillette Museum of Arthropod Diversity Colorado State University Lepidoptera of North America 5. Contributions to the Knowledge of Southern West Virginia Lepidoptera by Valerio Albu, 1411 E. Sweetbriar Drive Fresno, CA 93720 and Eric Metzler, 1241 Kildale Square North Columbus, OH 43229 April 30, 2004 Contributions of the C.P. Gillette Museum of Arthropod Diversity Colorado State University Cover illustration: Blueberry Sphinx (Paonias astylus (Drury)], an eastern endemic. Photo by Valeriu Albu. ISBN 1084-8819 This publication and others in the series may be ordered from the C.P. Gillette Museum of Arthropod Diversity, Department of Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 Abstract A list of 1531 species ofLepidoptera is presented, collected over 15 years (1988 to 2002), in eleven southern West Virginia counties. A variety of collecting methods was used, including netting, light attracting, light trapping and pheromone trapping. The specimens were identified by the currently available pictorial sources and determination keys. Many were also sent to specialists for confirmation or identification. The majority of the data was from Kanawha County, reflecting the area of more intensive sampling effort by the senior author. This imbalance of data between Kanawha County and other counties should even out with further sampling of the area. Key Words: Appalachian Mountains,
    [Show full text]
  • Coleoptera: Carabidae) Assemblages in a North American Sub-Boreal Forest
    Forest Ecology and Management 256 (2008) 1104–1123 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Forest Ecology and Management journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/foreco Catastrophic windstorm and fuel-reduction treatments alter ground beetle (Coleoptera: Carabidae) assemblages in a North American sub-boreal forest Kamal J.K. Gandhi a,b,1, Daniel W. Gilmore b,2, Steven A. Katovich c, William J. Mattson d, John C. Zasada e,3, Steven J. Seybold a,b,* a Department of Entomology, 219 Hodson Hall, 1980 Folwell Avenue, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA b Department of Forest Resources, 115 Green Hall, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA c USDA Forest Service, State and Private Forestry, 1992 Folwell Avenue, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA d USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station, Forestry Sciences Laboratory, 5985 Hwy K, Rhinelander, WI 54501, USA e USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station, 1831 Hwy 169E, Grand Rapids, MN 55744, USA ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Article history: We studied the short-term effects of a catastrophic windstorm and subsequent salvage-logging and Received 9 September 2007 prescribed-burning fuel-reduction treatments on ground beetle (Coleoptera: Carabidae) assemblages in a Received in revised form 8 June 2008 sub-borealforestinnortheasternMinnesota,USA. During2000–2003, 29,873groundbeetlesrepresentedby Accepted 9 June 2008 71 species were caught in unbaited and baited pitfall traps in aspen/birch/conifer (ABC) and jack pine (JP) cover types. At the family level, both land-area treatment and cover type had significant effects on ground Keywords: beetle trap catches, but there were no effects of pinenes and ethanol as baits.
    [Show full text]
  • Newsletter of the Biological Survey of Canada
    Newsletter of the Biological Survey of Canada Vol. 40(1) Summer 2021 The Newsletter of the BSC is published twice a year by the In this issue Biological Survey of Canada, an incorporated not-for-profit From the editor’s desk............2 group devoted to promoting biodiversity science in Canada. Membership..........................3 President’s report...................4 BSC Facebook & Twitter...........5 Reminder: 2021 AGM Contributing to the BSC The Annual General Meeting will be held on June 23, 2021 Newsletter............................5 Reminder: 2021 AGM..............6 Request for specimens: ........6 Feature Articles: Student Corner 1. City Nature Challenge Bioblitz Shawn Abraham: New Student 2021-The view from 53.5 °N, Liaison for the BSC..........................7 by Greg Pohl......................14 Mayflies (mainlyHexagenia sp., Ephemeroptera: Ephemeridae): an 2. Arthropod Survey at Fort Ellice, MB important food source for adult by Robert E. Wrigley & colleagues walleye in NW Ontario lakes, by A. ................................................18 Ricker-Held & D.Beresford................8 Project Updates New book on Staphylinids published Student Corner by J. Klimaszewski & colleagues......11 New Student Liaison: Assessment of Chironomidae (Dip- Shawn Abraham .............................7 tera) of Far Northern Ontario by A. Namayandeh & D. Beresford.......11 Mayflies (mainlyHexagenia sp., Ephemerop- New Project tera: Ephemeridae): an important food source Help GloWorm document the distribu- for adult walleye in NW Ontario lakes, tion & status of native earthworms in by A. Ricker-Held & D.Beresford................8 Canada, by H.Proctor & colleagues...12 Feature Articles 1. City Nature Challenge Bioblitz Tales from the Field: Take me to the River, by Todd Lawton ............................26 2021-The view from 53.5 °N, by Greg Pohl..............................14 2.
    [Show full text]
  • Survey of Lepidoptera of the Wainwright Dunes Ecological Reserve
    SURVEY OF LEPIDOPTERA OF THE WAINWRIGHT DUNES ECOLOGICAL RESERVE Alberta Species at Risk Report No. 159 SURVEY OF LEPIDOPTERA OF THE WAINWRIGHT DUNES ECOLOGICAL RESERVE Doug Macaulay Alberta Species at Risk Report No.159 Project Partners: i ISBN 978-1-4601-3449-8 ISSN 1496-7146 Photo: Doug Macaulay of Pale Yellow Dune Moth ( Copablepharon grandis ) For copies of this report, visit our website at: http://www.aep.gov.ab.ca/fw/speciesatrisk/index.html This publication may be cited as: Macaulay, A. D. 2016. Survey of Lepidoptera of the Wainwright Dunes Ecological Reserve. Alberta Species at Risk Report No.159. Alberta Environment and Parks, Edmonton, AB. 31 pp. ii DISCLAIMER The views and opinions expressed are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the policies of the Department or the Alberta Government. iii Table of Contents ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ............................................................................................... vi EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ............................................................................................... vi 1.0 Introduction ................................................................................................................... 1 2.0 STUDY AREA ............................................................................................................. 2 3.0 METHODS ................................................................................................................... 6 4.0 RESULTS ....................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Initial Responses of Rove and Ground Beetles
    A peer-reviewed open-access journal ZooKeys 258:Initial 31–52 responses(2013) of rove and ground beetles (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Carabidae)... 31 doi: 10.3897/zookeys.258.4174 RESEARCH ARTICLE www.zookeys.org Launched to accelerate biodiversity research Initial responses of rove and ground beetles (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Carabidae) to removal of logging residues following clearcut harvesting in the boreal forest of Quebec, Canada Timothy T. Work1, Jan Klimaszewski2, Evelyne Thiffault2, Caroline Bourdon2, David Paré2, Yves Bousquet3, Lisa Venier4, Brian Titus5 1 Département des sciences biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, CP 8888, succursale Centre- ville, Montréal, Quebec, Canada H3C 3P8 2 Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Lau- rentian Forestry Centre, 1055 du P.E.P.S., P.O. Box 10380, Stn. Sainte-Foy, Québec, Quebec, Canada G1V 4C7 3 Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids and Nematodes, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0C6 4 Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Great Lakes Forestry Centre, 1219 Queen Street East, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, Canada P6A 2E5 5 Natu- ral Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Pacific Forestry Centre, 506 Burnside Road West, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8Z 1M5 Corresponding author: Jan Klimaszewski ([email protected]) Academic editor: L. Penev | Received 24 October 2012 | Accepted 18 December 2012 | Published 15 January 2013 Citation: Work TT, Klimaszewski J, Thiffault E, Bourdon C, Paré D, Bousquet Y, Venier L, Titus B (2013) Initial responses of rove and ground beetles (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Carabidae) to removal of logging residues following clearcut harvesting in the boreal forest of Quebec, Canada.
    [Show full text]
  • Impact De La Densité De Cerfs De Virginie Sur Les Communautés D'insectes De L'île D'anticosti
    PIERRE-MARC BROUSSEAU IMPACT DE LA DENSITÉ DE CERFS DE VIRGINIE SUR LES COMMUNAUTÉS D'INSECTES DE L'ÎLE D'ANTICOSTI Mémoire présenté à la Faculté des études supérieures de l’Université Laval dans le cadre du programme de maîtrise en biologie pour l’obtention du grade de maître ès sciences (M. Sc.) DÉPARTEMENT DE BIOLOGIE FACULTÉ DES SCIENCES ET GÉNIE UNIVERSITÉ LAVAL QUÉBEC 2011 © Pierre-Marc Brousseau, 2011 Résumé Les surabondances de cerfs peuvent nuire à la régénération forestière et modifier les communautés végétales et ainsi avoir un impact sur plusieurs groupes d'arthropodes. Dans cette étude, nous avons utilisé un dispositif répliqué avec trois densités contrôlées de cerfs de Virginie et une densité non contrôlée élevée sur l'île d'Anticosti. Nous y avons évalué l'impact des densités de cerfs sur les communautés de quatre groupes d'insectes représentant un gradient d'association avec les plantes, ainsi que sur les communautés d'arthropodes herbivores, pollinisateurs et prédateurs associées à trois espèces de plantes dont l'abondance varient avec la densité de cerfs. Les résultats montrent que les groupes d'arthropodes les plus directement associés aux plantes sont les plus affectés par le cerf. De plus, l'impact est plus fort si la plante à laquelle ils sont étroitement associés diminue en abondance avec la densité de cerfs. Les insectes ont également démontré une forte capacité de résilience. ii Abstract Deer overabundances can be detrimental to forest regeneration and can modify vegetal communities and consequently, have an indirect impact on many arthropod groups. In this study, we used a replicated exclosure system with three controlled white-tailed deer densities and an uncontrolled high deer density on Anticosti Island.
    [Show full text]
  • MOTHS and BUTTERFLIES LEPIDOPTERA DISTRIBUTION DATA SOURCES (LEPIDOPTERA) * Detailed Distributional Information Has Been J.D
    MOTHS AND BUTTERFLIES LEPIDOPTERA DISTRIBUTION DATA SOURCES (LEPIDOPTERA) * Detailed distributional information has been J.D. Lafontaine published for only a few groups of Lepidoptera in western Biological Resources Program, Agriculture and Agri-food Canada. Scott (1986) gives good distribution maps for Canada butterflies in North America but these are generalized shade Central Experimental Farm Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0C6 maps that give no detail within the Montane Cordillera Ecozone. A series of memoirs on the Inchworms (family and Geometridae) of Canada by McGuffin (1967, 1972, 1977, 1981, 1987) and Bolte (1990) cover about 3/4 of the Canadian J.T. Troubridge fauna and include dot maps for most species. A long term project on the “Forest Lepidoptera of Canada” resulted in a Pacific Agri-Food Research Centre (Agassiz) four volume series on Lepidoptera that feed on trees in Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Canada and these also give dot maps for most species Box 1000, Agassiz, B.C. V0M 1A0 (McGugan, 1958; Prentice, 1962, 1963, 1965). Dot maps for three groups of Cutworm Moths (Family Noctuidae): the subfamily Plusiinae (Lafontaine and Poole, 1991), the subfamilies Cuculliinae and Psaphidinae (Poole, 1995), and ABSTRACT the tribe Noctuini (subfamily Noctuinae) (Lafontaine, 1998) have also been published. Most fascicles in The Moths of The Montane Cordillera Ecozone of British Columbia America North of Mexico series (e.g. Ferguson, 1971-72, and southwestern Alberta supports a diverse fauna with over 1978; Franclemont, 1973; Hodges, 1971, 1986; Lafontaine, 2,000 species of butterflies and moths (Order Lepidoptera) 1987; Munroe, 1972-74, 1976; Neunzig, 1986, 1990, 1997) recorded to date.
    [Show full text]
  • 2010 Season Summary Index NEW WOFTHE~ Zone 1: Yukon Territory
    2010 Season Summary Index NEW WOFTHE~ Zone 1: Yukon Territory ........................................................................................... 3 Alaska ... ........................................ ............................................................... 3 LEPIDOPTERISTS Zone 2: British Columbia .................................................... ........................ ............ 6 Idaho .. ... ....................................... ................................................................ 6 Oregon ........ ... .... ........................ .. .. ............................................................ 10 SOCIETY Volume 53 Supplement Sl Washington ................................................................................................ 14 Zone 3: Arizona ............................................................ .................................... ...... 19 The Lepidopterists' Society is a non-profo California ............... ................................................. .............. .. ................... 2 2 educational and scientific organization. The Nevada ..................................................................... ................................ 28 object of the Society, which was formed in Zone 4: Colorado ................................ ... ............... ... ...... ......................................... 2 9 May 1947 and formally constituted in De­ Montana .................................................................................................... 51 cember
    [Show full text]
  • Kenai National Wildlife Refuge Species List, Version 2018-07-24
    Kenai National Wildlife Refuge Species List, version 2018-07-24 Kenai National Wildlife Refuge biology staff July 24, 2018 2 Cover image: map of 16,213 georeferenced occurrence records included in the checklist. Contents Contents 3 Introduction 5 Purpose............................................................ 5 About the list......................................................... 5 Acknowledgments....................................................... 5 Native species 7 Vertebrates .......................................................... 7 Invertebrates ......................................................... 55 Vascular Plants........................................................ 91 Bryophytes ..........................................................164 Other Plants .........................................................171 Chromista...........................................................171 Fungi .............................................................173 Protozoans ..........................................................186 Non-native species 187 Vertebrates ..........................................................187 Invertebrates .........................................................187 Vascular Plants........................................................190 Extirpated species 207 Vertebrates ..........................................................207 Vascular Plants........................................................207 Change log 211 References 213 Index 215 3 Introduction Purpose to avoid implying
    [Show full text]
  • A Comprehensive DNA Barcode Library for the Looper Moths (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) of British Columbia, Canada
    AComprehensiveDNABarcodeLibraryfortheLooper Moths (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) of British Columbia, Canada Jeremy R. deWaard1,2*, Paul D. N. Hebert3, Leland M. Humble1,4 1 Department of Forest Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, 2 Entomology, Royal British Columbia Museum, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada, 3 Biodiversity Institute of Ontario, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada, 4 Canadian Forest Service, Natural Resources Canada, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada Abstract Background: The construction of comprehensive reference libraries is essential to foster the development of DNA barcoding as a tool for monitoring biodiversity and detecting invasive species. The looper moths of British Columbia (BC), Canada present a challenging case for species discrimination via DNA barcoding due to their considerable diversity and limited taxonomic maturity. Methodology/Principal Findings: By analyzing specimens held in national and regional natural history collections, we assemble barcode records from representatives of 400 species from BC and surrounding provinces, territories and states. Sequence variation in the barcode region unambiguously discriminates over 93% of these 400 geometrid species. However, a final estimate of resolution success awaits detailed taxonomic analysis of 48 species where patterns of barcode variation suggest cases of cryptic species, unrecognized synonymy as well as young species. Conclusions/Significance: A catalog of these taxa meriting further taxonomic investigation is presented as well as the supplemental information needed to facilitate these investigations. Citation: deWaard JR, Hebert PDN, Humble LM (2011) A Comprehensive DNA Barcode Library for the Looper Moths (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) of British Columbia, Canada. PLoS ONE 6(3): e18290. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0018290 Editor: Sergios-Orestis Kolokotronis, American Museum of Natural History, United States of America Received August 31, 2010; Accepted March 2, 2011; Published March 28, 2011 Copyright: ß 2011 deWaard et al.
    [Show full text]
  • CHECKLIST of WISCONSIN MOTHS (Superfamilies Mimallonoidea, Drepanoidea, Lasiocampoidea, Bombycoidea, Geometroidea, and Noctuoidea)
    WISCONSIN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY SPECIAL PUBLICATION No. 6 JUNE 2018 CHECKLIST OF WISCONSIN MOTHS (Superfamilies Mimallonoidea, Drepanoidea, Lasiocampoidea, Bombycoidea, Geometroidea, and Noctuoidea) Leslie A. Ferge,1 George J. Balogh2 and Kyle E. Johnson3 ABSTRACT A total of 1284 species representing the thirteen families comprising the present checklist have been documented in Wisconsin, including 293 species of Geometridae, 252 species of Erebidae and 584 species of Noctuidae. Distributions are summarized using the six major natural divisions of Wisconsin; adult flight periods and statuses within the state are also reported. Examples of Wisconsin’s diverse native habitat types in each of the natural divisions have been systematically inventoried, and species associated with specialized habitats such as peatland, prairie, barrens and dunes are listed. INTRODUCTION This list is an updated version of the Wisconsin moth checklist by Ferge & Balogh (2000). A considerable amount of new information from has been accumulated in the 18 years since that initial publication. Over sixty species have been added, bringing the total to 1284 in the thirteen families comprising this checklist. These families are estimated to comprise approximately one-half of the state’s total moth fauna. Historical records of Wisconsin moths are relatively meager. Checklists including Wisconsin moths were compiled by Hoy (1883), Rauterberg (1900), Fernekes (1906) and Muttkowski (1907). Hoy's list was restricted to Racine County, the others to Milwaukee County. Records from these publications are of historical interest, but unfortunately few verifiable voucher specimens exist. Unverifiable identifications and minimal label data associated with older museum specimens limit the usefulness of this information. Covell (1970) compiled records of 222 Geometridae species, based on his examination of specimens representing at least 30 counties.
    [Show full text]
  • Effets Des Plantations D'arbres Sur Les Communautés De Carabes Et De
    UNIVERSITÉ DU QUÉBEC EN OUTAOUAIS EFFETS DES PLANTA TI ONS D'ARBRES SUR LES COMMUNAUTÉS DE CARABES ET DE PETITS MAMMIFÈRES MÉMOIRE PRÉSENTÉ COMME EXIGENCE PARTIELLE DE LA MAÎTRISE EN BIOLOGIE EXTENSIONNÉ DE L'UNIVERSITÉ DU QUÉBEC À MONTRÉAL PAR JUSTINE FONTAINE- TOP ALOFF 16 AVRIL 2018 UNIVERSITÉ DU QUÉBEC À MONTRÉAL Service des bibliothèques Avertissement La diffusion de ce mémoire se fait dans le respect des droits de son auteur, qui a signé le formulaire Autorisation de reproduire et de diffuser un travail de recherche de cycles supérieurs (SDU-522 - Rév.0?-2011 ). Cette autorisation stipule que «conformément à l'article 11 du Règlement no 8 des études de cycles supérieurs, [l 'auteur] concède à l'Université du Québec à Montréal une licence non exclusive d'utilisation et de publication de la totalité ou d'une partie importante de [son] travail de recherche pour des fins pédagogiques et non commerciales. Plus précisément, [l 'auteur] autorise l'Université du Québec à Montréal à reproduire, diffuser, prêter, distribuer ou vendre des copies de [son] travail de recherche à des fins non commerciales sur quelque support que ce soit, y compris l'Internet. Cette licence et cette autorisation n'entraînent pas une renonciation de [la] part [de l'auteur] à [ses] droits moraux ni à [ses] droits de propriété intellectuelle. Sauf entente contraire, [l 'auteur] conserve la liberté de diffuser et de commercialiser ou non ce travail dont [il] possède un exemplaire. » REMERCIEMENTS Cette maîtrise a été, pour moi, un grand défi du début jusqu'à la toute fin, mais les apprentissages ainsi que les compétences développées sont importants et me seront utiles pour toute la vie.
    [Show full text]