Notes and Queries

AMERICAN INDEPENDENCE AMERICAN MEN OF SCIENCE The attempted intervention of Science in the British colonies of Doctor Fothergill (physician to America, by Raymond Phineas Lord Dartmouth, the secretary Stearns (University of Illinois of state) and David Barclay Press, 1970. $20.00) is a massive (merchant in the American trade book. It includes within its and friend of Lord Hyde the covers references to such men as chancellor of the duchy of Lan­ John Bartram, Peter Collinson, caster) with Benjamin Franklin in Dr. John Fothergill, John Coak- an unofficial attempt to prevent ley Lettsom and James Logan. the outbreak of the War of The index is good, and worthy American Independence, is briefly of a work which immediately touched on (p. 152) in an article makes itself the standard treat­ entitled "The North Government ment of the field studied. and the Outbreak of the American Revolution", by Allan J. McCurry ANTHROPOLOGY (The Huntington Library quar­ "What's in a name? The origins terly, Feb. 1971, vol. 34, no. 2, of the Royal Anthropological pp. 141-157). The author con­ Institute (1837-71)", an article cludes that the effort "cannot be by George W. Stocking, Jr. regarded as a bona fide effort at (University of Chicago) in Man, conciliation", because at no time vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 369-390 (Sept., was the government directly 1971), delineates in its earlier involved. pages the formative influences which went into the establish­ AMERICAN INDIANS ment of the R.A.I. The author "Though Quaker relations with makes particular mention of the the Indians were not so benign as Aborigines' Protection Society, some historians have suggested, Thomas Fowell Buxton (1786- it is significant that not a single 1845), Thomas Hodgkin (1798- incident of organized violence 1866), James Cowles Prichard between Indians and Quakers (1786-1848) and others who, occurred during the colonial working from a base in humani­ period". tarian interest gradually spread The above passage comes in into various fields of informed the course of a paragraph dealing scientific activity. briefly, but with bibliographical The "name1' of the title of the references satisfactorily provided, article reflects discussion of the with Friends, in the course of an choice of the term' 'anthropology'' article by Gary B. Nash on "The or "ethnology'1. image of the Indian in the Southern Colonial mind", in The ASSIZES William and Mary Quarterly, 3rd "On some circuits Quakers and series, vol. 29, no. 2, 1972, pp. papists appear to have been 197-230. prosecuted impartially; elsewhere NOTES AND QUERIES Quakers were treated leniently homeward. On the coach he met or, conversely, allowed to linger and talked at length to a for long periods in prison, vainly Quakeress whose presence he appealing to the judges for a found soothing. Before spending hearing of their cases''. That the night in prayer in a cheap sentence, with appropriate refer­ Birmingham, hotel he was able ences appears in J. S. Cockburn, to have tea with her and to A history of English assizes, receive a gift of a book. Finally 1538-1714 (Cambridge Studies in he decided to remain a member English Legal History. Cam­ of the Church of England and his bridge University Press, 1972). daughter wrote in her biography (Primate Alexander by Eleanor BANKING Alexander, London, 1913, pp. The second volume of Dr. George 68-9): "He had been calmed and Chandler's Four centuries of elevated by the gentle Quakeress, banking as illustrated by the and to the end ot life she remained bankers, customers and staff asso­ in his grateful memory as an ciated with the constituent banks influence for good . . . She was of Martins Bank Limited (Bats- dressed ... in the charming ford, 1968) deals with the North­ neutral tint with spotless white ern constituent banks. It ranges muslin, so becoming to a sweet from the Kendal and Ulverston and attractive face." banks in the north west, the Can anyone identify the Craven, Halifax and West Riding Quakeress? Union banks in Yorkshire, the DAVID J. HALL Carlisle and Cumberland Banking Company and the North Eastern BRISLINGTON HOUSE Banking Company Limited in The Trade in Lunacy, a study of the far north and north east, and private madhouses in England in in Lancashire banks centred on the eighteenth and nineteenth Bury, Preston, Liverpool and centuries, by William LI. Parry- Manchester. Many banking Jones (London, Routledge, 1972. families were Friends the Wake- £4.75) includes a brief account fields, Wilsons, Crewdsons in (pp. 112-115) °* Brislington Kendal, and Birkbecks in Settle, House, near Bristol, "one of the to name a few. most reputable provincial licens­ ed houses" for the treatment of A BIRMINGHAM FRIEND? the insane. It was built specifi­ William Alexander (1824-1911), cally for the purpose by Edward who became Church of Ireland Long Fox (1761-1835) and Archbishop of Armagh and Pri­ remained open until 1951. mate of All Ireland was much attracted as a young man by the BRISTOL WORKHOUSE teaching of J. H. Newman, Friends' Workhouse in Bristol especially soon after Newman (founded 1696) receives passing had become a Roman Catholic. references in Emily E. Butcher's One day in 1845 Alexander took "Bristol Corporation of the Poor, his name off the books of his 1696-1898 (Bristol branch of the Oxford college, informed his Historical Association, Pamphlet mother that he had determined no. 29, 1972, 25p). As well as to become a Catholic and set off founding their own workhouse 84 NOTES AND QUERIES for the relief of Friends, promi­ CASTLETON, YORKS. nent members of Bristol Meeting The Bulletin of the Cleveland and served in the management of the Teesside Local History Society, Corporation of the Poor which no. 9, June 1970, p. 25, has the served a like purpose in the city following: at large. "Mrs. T. M. Nattrass writes: Miss Butcher edited the Corpo­ We can throw some light on ration's records (Bristol Record the fate of the Friends Meeting Society's publications, vol. 3, House at Castleton. I think 1931). The volume is now out of that it was purchased by Mr. print, and the records themselves Edward Watson when he owned were destroyed in 1940. Miss Dibble Bridge (about the 19303) Butcher quotes from a Notting­ and the stone removed to use ham unpublished thesis of 1962 in extensions and alterations entitled "The 2 Workhouses of at Dibble." Bristol" by M. M. Tomkins; the second establishment is of course COLTHOUSE the Friends' Workhouse, on G. P. Jones, in the course of a part of the site of which the review of Wordsworth's Hawks- new Friars Meeting House in head, by T. W. Thompson, Bristol now stands. edited by Robert Woof (Oxford University Press, 1970, £6) in BROSELEY Notes and Queries, March 1972, Iron-Top Cottage, Broseley is pp. 115-6, recounts some of the illustrated in a short note from discussion in the book concerning the Shropshire Journal of August the possibility that Wordsworth 27, 1971, which recalls that the may have attended Colthouse cottage (believed once to have Friends' Meeting on hot or wet had a cast iron roof) was built by Sundays when the journey to the John Wilkinson the ironmaster parish church may have been (1728-1808). Locally the house is considered unsuitable by Ann still known as a "Quaker House". Tyson for her boarders.

BUCKINGHAM COVENTRY The Huntington Library quarterly, Twentieth-century Coventry, by vol. 34, no. 2 (Feb. 1971), pp. Kenneth Richardson (Macmillan, 159-181 contains a fascinating 1972) a handsome volume issued story of the politics of a small, under the patronage of Coventry predominantly evangelical and City Council includes some brief low church electorate in the mention of Friends. period of the Reform Bill and Friends had a meeting house after. This is unfolded in "Buck­ in Hill Street just outside the city ingham, 1832-1846: a study of a walls at the end of the I7th 'pocket borough'/1 by R. W. century. In the I9th century Davis of Washington University, John Gulson (1813-1904) some­ St. Louis. Two Friends are time mayor, but long before a named, Thomas Gilkes, and liberal reformer, active in the

William Richardson a corn dealer establishment of the mechanics'• who proposed Sir Harry Verney institute and the public library; in opposition to the Duke of the Cash family; the Browett Buckingham's interest. family were in manufacturing. NOTES AND QUERIES In the 2oth century Charles agreeable and made us leave Webb Fowler (1861-1922), doctor Wisbeach unwillingly." p. n] and city councillor, and Walter In the summer of 17^3, when Chinn (1904- ) post-Second at Uxbridge John Crosier "spent World War director of education the evening at Mr. Hull's, a miller are mentioned. of great property, a Quaker, in a very agreeable manner.1' [p. 26] ESSEX William Wire, watchmaker Essex people, 1750-1900, from and postman of Colchester, noted their diaries, memoirs and letters in 1842, 1843 and 1844 that the by A. F. J. Brown (Essex County Quakers in the town kept their Council, Chelmsford: Essex shops open on Christmas Day, or Record Office publications (in 1842) on the day after. The no. 59) is a volume of extracts entry for December 26, 1842, from personal documents con­ reads: "Christmas Day falling on cerning seventeen Essex people. Sunday, the shops were closed Included is Elizabeth Fry this day and a holiday was kept (granddaughter of the Elizabeth generally by all excepting the Fry, of whom a portrait appears), Quakers, who refused to shut up aged 15, of Warley Lodge, 1842. their shops when others do." John Crosier, of Maldon, miller [p. 166, see also 174, 177] (1753-96) visited Bristol in Sept­ ember 1769 in company with his FACTORY ARCHITECTURE father. Returning to their inn one The Development of the Factory, evening they "found Mr. Reed by Jennifer Tann (Cornmarket (a Quaker), having met him upon Press, 1970), is packed with 'change in the morning, a most illustrations of plans of factories generous hospitable kind of man and power machinery from the I ever met with. He intreated us period of about 1780 to 1850, very much to go home with him reproduced from originals in the but were oblig'd to refuse his collection of Boulton and Watt civill offer. 11 [p. 3] papers in Birmingham Reference In the early summer of 1774 Library. John Crosier visited Wisbech Among establishments illus­ with some friends, and reported: trated are those of Owen, Scarth "The same day we din'd at Miss & Co., Chorlton, Manchester, Buxton's and drank tea. Spend c. 1795 (cotton manufacture; the evening at Mr. Goddard's, before Robert Owen's move to a Quaker; he being absent we New Lanark), Brooke & Pease, were entertain'd by his daughter Hull, 1795 (oilseed crushing) and and neice who, discarding the stiff Barclay and Perkins, Anchor veil of Quakerism, render'd them­ Brewery, Southwark, 1786, where selves as agreeable as possible. some power was provided by the The hours glided along in Love horse wheel. and innocence] we reluctantly Coalbrookdale, and Fox, of left them and begg'd for another Wellington, are mentioned. interview which they granted. The author quotes in passing The civility and politeness of a note by Sidney Pollard (writing these and the rest of our friends on "Factory discipline in the render'd our time there quite Industrial Revolution", Economic 6B 86 NOTES AND QUERIES history review, 1963): "Quakers ing graveyard was closed in 1855. showed some fine feeling for their At the Inclosure the burgess- workers but made high demands right pertaining to the building of moral conformity on them/1 was compensated by an allotment of 3 roods 6 perches of land in FARNDALE, YORKS. Humble Carr. This land was sold Hob of High Farndale: a story of by the trustees immediately daffodils and deep waters, by afterwards." (Moor, History of Brenda H. English (Whitby, Gainsburgh, Gainsburgh, C. Caldi- I97 I - 57P)> contains several cott, at the Office of the "Gains­ Quaker characters. The story burgh News", 1904, p. 289). begins with the news of the death Other pages in the volume from a fever of Master Aspin, noted above include some brief a farmer, imprisoned in York notes about Friends in the town. Castle for refusing to pay tithes. e.g. Burials in the burial ground His nephew Michael brings the were allowed after 1855 for news to Farndale and has the members of families already misfortune to fall in love with interred there, and this right was Ruth who attends the parish exercised on occasion; Bishop Church on Sundays but whose Wake (William Wake, Bishop of life is ruled by belief in hobs and Lincoln from 1705-1716 and witches, charms and spells. thereafter archbishop of Canter­ Events however cause Ruth to bury) in his Speculum Dioceseos, turn away from the established noted 10 Quakers [families?] in Church and the last obstacles to the town. her marriage with Michael are The erection of the simple removed when she acknowledges brick meeting house was reported that she has "given thought to to London Yearly Meeting in the necessity of joining the 1705 (see Journal FHS9 51 (1967), Society of Friends". Another p. 190). Harold Brace dated the character Benjamin Slape is said house 1704 in his edition of The to have been "converted" shortly First Minute Book of the Gains­ before his marriage with Hannah, borough Monthly Meeting (Lincoln a young Quaker, who had in­ Record Society, vol. 38, 1948, herited a farm, with the implica­ p. xxi) and he printed the trust tion that his conversion had deed of 18 May 1705 in Lincoln served only as a means towards Record Society, vol. 44, 1951, ownership of the farm, although pp. 167-70. it is stated that he was "sub­ Almost the whole of the inner jected to a good deal of examina­ core of the old town is built in tion and inquiry as to his a most acceptable brick, and one 'clearness', before being finally hopes that the council, faced with accepted as a member." a formidable clearance problem, will be able to continue to pre­ GAINSBOROUGH serve as much as possible of the "Modestly located out of sight in style and appearance of the early Market Street, the Friends of work. Gainsburgh, prominent in good The great house in the town, works, occupy a small Chapel and one where a major work of capable of accommodating some preservation is going on, is the fifty or sixty persons. The adjoin­ Old Hall, a timber framed build- NOTES AND QUERIES 87 ing dating from the second half Pulford (Walton & Weybridge of the fifteenth century. Since Local History Society. Paper 1970 the work has been in the no. 8. 1971. sop) in 50 pages of hands of the Department of the typescript includes an alpha­ Environment, carrying on resto­ betical list of Friends drawn from ration begun by the local Friends the Kingston Monthly Meeting of the Old Hall Association. registers deposited in the Public The work of Harold Brace in Record Office, giving locality, this connection is recorded by date of birth, trade, spouse, and a, handsome memorial showcase date of death or burial, with in one of the main exhibition family relationships indicated as rooms, and the inscription on far as possible. Other sources a plaque in the great hall of the used have been the monthly building: meeting minutes (from 1667), "This tablet commemorates subscription lists, Meeting for the work of Harold Witty Sufferings records and Surrey Brace, F.R.H.S., who died on Quarter Sessions records for October 2nd, 1962. He was the 1661-68. founder of the Friends of the A list at the end (pp. 39-46) Old Hall Association, being indicates the names of witnesses chairman from 1949 to 1958, to the marriages. This reveals and president from 1958 to that promenent London Friends 1962." like Ellis Hookes, Alexander Parker, Gerrard Roberts and GENEALOGY George Whitehead went down to English Genealogy, by Anthony Kingston to witness the marriage Richard Wagner, Garter King of of Gilbert Latey, tailor, of the Arms. 2nd edition, enlarged Savoy, to Mary Feilder, daughter (Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1972) of John Feilder of Kingston, contains a paragraph or two mealman in 1673; the deaths of about Friends, in England and in 9 of their children are recorded Pennsylvania, concerning the inside the next twenty years. economic success and inter­ marriages of the great Quaker NO RTH ALLE RTON families of Gurney, Fry, Barclay The history and annals of North- and Lloyd. allerton, by J. L. Saywell, 1885, includes the following notes: INDUSTRIAL LIBRARIES (p. 108) "In the fourth register 4'British industrial libraries be­ of burials of the parish church fore 1939" by Margaret R. under date 1698, the following Marshall (Journal of documenta­ entry appears: June ye 5th, tion, vol. 28, no. 2, June 1972, 1698. p. 107-121) includes some notice James Whitehead, buried of the important libraries of Elizabeth Metcalfe, buried Alien and Hanburys, the Rown- Quakers, both/1 tree works at York, and Reckitt (pp 118-9): "On Sunday morn­ and Sons at Hull. ing, July 2oth [1735], Ann Flower, of Northallerton, in­ KINGSTON-ON-THAMES cited by her husband, a quaker, A n Index of Kingston Quakers in went into the church during the seventeenth century, by J. S. L. the time of divine service, to NOTES AND QUERIES the great consternation and "capsule biographies" at the end confusion of the congregation, of the book. or as she termed it 'assembly', and though cautioned, nay PENNSYLVANIA, 1765 positively forbidden by the Lord Adam Gordon, 4th son of vicar to talk, or as they call it, the 2nd Duke of Gordon visited speak in the church, began to Pennsylvania in 1765, and an hold forth. The vicar, without account of his visit is printed in further remonstrance, than Narratives of Colonial America, that it was the apostle's com­ 7704-7765. Edited by Howard mand that a woman should H. Peckham (R. R. Donnelley & not be suffered to teach in the Sons Company, Chicago, 1971). church, directly led her out, Gordon did not view Quaker thereby preventing a mob from pacifists kindly. He wrote: "The cooling her frenzy in a neigh­ Germans in this province are not bouring brick-pond, which they under 60,000, and there are white began to threaten, although men enough fit to bear arms and she said she was sent by the able to repulse all Indians [who] Spirit. 11 could molest them, was their spirit equal to their numbers". 1 The Quakers here bear the great PEACE sway in government, which is American Studies, an interdis­ clogged and encumbered, and I ciplinary journal sponsored by cannot help wishing that this and the Midcontinent American every other proprietary govern­ Studies Association and the ment in America was reannexed University of Kansas vol. 13, to the Crown and governed by no. i, Spring 1972, is entitled royal governors, whose salaries "Peace Movements in America" ought to be permanent and inde­ and includes papers dealing with pendent of the fickle will and the American peace movement, fancy of those they are sent to 1898-1914, "Democracy in war­ time: antimilitarism in England superintend." and the United States, 1914- PORT ROYAL, JAMAICA 1918", "Kenneth Boulding and "Quakers and the earthquake at the peace research movement". Port Royal, 1692°, by H. J. Cadbury (Jamaican historical re­ PENNSYLVANIA view, vol. 8, pp. 19-31, I97*)> For the Reputation of Truth: prints letters from Friends giving politics, religion, and conflict accounts of the earthquake and among the Pennsylvania Quakers, lists of the Friends who lost their 1750-1800, by Richard Bauman lives in the disaster. (Baltimore and London, Johns Hopkins Press, 1971). The author PORTSMOUTH differentiates between Quakers Portsmouth Record Series. in Pennsylvania who were de­ Borough sessions papers, 1653- voted to Quakerism, those who 1688. A calendar compiled by were politicians, pure and simple, Arthur J. Willis, and edited by and the "politiques" who tried Margaret J. Hoad (Phillimore, to uphold Quaker principles in London and Chichester, 1971. politics. There are some useful NOTES AND QUERIES 89 Item 60 records information article by the author entitled laid concerning one John Clever- "Some early Quaker autobio­ ley (1660), box-maker, who "went graphies", which appeared in under the name of an Ana­ Jnl. F.H.S., 45 (i953)> PP- 65-74- baptist or Quaker" and who was This article covered part of the suspected of disloyalty to the field surveyed in the book which king. has now made its welcome Extract 69 in Appendix II appearance. (p. 163), dated 15 April, 1659, records sentence: "John Bristowe QUAKERS AND POLITICS a Quaker, being committed for The World Turned Upside Down: disturbing Mr Jackson ye Minister Radical Ideas during the English in ye publique ordinance upon Revolution, by Christopher Hill the Lords day was discharged by (Temple Smith, London, 1972. the Court'1. £5) is a most rewarding work. It brings early Friends to notice in V. S. PRITCHETT'S QUAKER a context which does not imme­ SOLDIER diately spring to mind to a In a long extract from Midnight Quaker historian. For instance. Oil, a book of reminiscences by Samuel Fisher "deserves greater V. S. Pritchett, appearing in the recognition as a precursor of the New York Review of Books, Jan. English enlightenment than he 27, 1972, p. 6, occurs a passage has yet received" (p. 215); the describing how the author met political pronouncements of "a very serious young English­ Burrough and others are men­ man, in fact a Quaker0 in tioned, and the book brings Limerick, who confided to him forward ideas found among early that "he had been in the fighting Friends which were shared by against the Sinn Feiners, but had other bodies and movements in lately married an Irish girl. I the middle of the seventeenth think he had been in the century. Auxiliary Force". SCOTS FRIENDS QUAKER JOURNALS "Swinton and Jaffray, like so Chapters dealing with "Quaker many other genuine ex-Crom- Journals", "Quaker Testimonies" wellian laymen, became Quakers. and "A language of spiritual Perhaps it was no accident that experience" adorn The Spiritual the strongest centre of early Experience by Owen C. Watkins, Scottish Quakerism was in Aber­ lecturer in education at the deen, the area where the Cove­ University of Leicester (Rout- nant had always been weakest, ledge, 1972. £3-75)- where there was an old tradition The author has a full biblio­ of lay life, and where Cromwell graphy, which lists a large had found most local support. number of the spiritual journals In Scotland, as in England, of the seventeenth and early Quakerism was the ghost of eighteenth centuries, including deceased Independency sitting some still in manuscript at hat less in the seat thereof. 1' Friends House Library and else­ (H. R. Trevor-Roper, Religion, where. the Reformation and Social Change Readers will remember an London, 1967, p. 443.) NOTES AND QUERIES SLAVE TRADE took part in many other public Dale H. Porter: The Abolition of affairs in the town besides. the Slave Trade in England, 1784-1807 (Archon Books, 1970) SPELLING concentrates on the practical Instructions for Right Spelling, economics and the parliamentary and Plain Directions for Reading discussions on the problem and and Writing True English, by is based firmly on a study of the George Fox and Ellis Hookes British sessional papers and some (London, 1691) has been added local archive collections. to the Huntington Library, San Marino, Calif. The Huntington Library Quarterly, vol. 35, no. 2 (Feb. 1972), p. 193, states that "A re-interpretation of the aboli­ the recent acquisition is an un­ tion of the British slave trade, recorded fifth edition, "it is a 1806-1807" by Roger Anstey general text book for Quaker (English historical review, vol. 87, children in reading, writing, no. 343, April 1972, pp. 304-332) mathematics, and religious edu­ traces the forces which enabled cation11. William Wilberforce to carry to success his long parliamentary STEVINGTON, BEDS. campaign against slavery. Some early nonconformist church The author says that the books. Edited by H. G. Tibbutt campaign against the slave trade (Publications of the Bedfordshire was begun in an "intellectually Historical Record Society, vol. favourable climate0, and that 51. 1972) includes the following the opponents of the slave trade names of Quakers mentioned in (Quakers among them) were the Stevington church book (now surprised that they failed to on deposit at the County Record obtain success quickly. However, Office): Elizabeth Frint of Oakley the years from 1787, when the (excommunicated, p. 25); Church London Abolition Committee was Meeting, December ist, 1695, founded, originating in delibera­ "Elizabeth Haines, wife of tions of the Meeting for Suffer­ Richard Hai[nes of Stev]enton, ings, saw the gradual develop­ a Quaker by denomination, gave ment and widespread organisa­ in her experience, and was tion of the "lobby" which baptized at night and admitted eventually enabled Wilberforce on December 3d, [i6]93" (p. 37). to carry his point at Westminster. TROLLOPE ON QUAKERISM SOUTHAMPTON Anthony Trollope's The New Agitation against church rates, Zealander, the manuscript which and the part which Friends in describes England in the mid- Southampton took in this during 18503 and is now first published the 18403, is mentioned in the by N. John Hall (Clarendon second volume of A. Temple Press, 1972) has this to say Patterson's History of Southamp­ (P- 77): ton (Southampton Records Series "Practical Quakerism can vol. 14. Southampton University hardly be said to be natural Press, 1971). Joseph Clark en­ to an Englishman. One might gaged in this movement, and as well attempt to persuade NOTES AND QUERIES one's bull-dog to allow his dated [1688] in Wing's Short- favourite bone to be taken title catalogue, C. 5496.] without resistance from be­ (2168) [Undated] To the tween his jaws, by the semi- King and Both Houses of shorn parlour poodle." Parliament The Suffering Con­ dition of the peaceable People, STATE PAPERS, DOMESTIC called Quakers, Only for tender Calendar of State Papers preserved Conscience towards Almighty in the Public Record Office, God, Humbly Presented. Printed. Domestic series. James II, volume 3 folio pp. S.P. 31/3, fols. 4-5. 3: June i68j-February 1689 [Dated "about 1685" in Joseph (London, H.M. Stationery Office, Smith's Catalogue, ii. 681; and 1972. ^12.50). This volume in­ in Wing T 1491.] cludes the following items: (488) Nov. 6, 1687. The Earl TEESDALE of Sunderland to the Lord "Early Teesdale Quakers", by Mayor [of London], Edward W. M. Andrews (Teesdale Record Brooker, Henry Jefferson and Society, Bulletin, New series, Joseph Tomlinson, Quakers, no. i, January 1971, pp. 11-12) of Southwark, to be allowed to gives brief paragraphs about serve in office (as constables John Bowron, Thomas Railton and the like) without taking of Bowes (who married Tacy any oaths or else that they be Sowle), the early meetings, and not fined or otherwise molested the local sufferings of the Friends on that account. S.P. 44/16, who now form Cotherstone meet­ P- 394- ing. (613) Dec. 14,1687. The Earl THIRSK of Sunderland to the Mayor An exhibition to illustrate and Aldermen of Leeds. Goods Quakerism in its present-day and belonging to John Wales and historical aspects was held in other Quakers of Leeds re­ Thirsk Friends' Meeting House, maining unsold in the hands of Kirkgate, in August 1972. The John Todd, constable at the Darlington & Stockton Times, time of the seizure (from them August 26, p. 13, reports that the on account of their religious exhibition included a collection worship), to be restored to of minute books and manuscripts their owners without any dating back to the middle of the charge. S.P. 44/56, p. 400. 17th century. Roderic Hall gave (2160) [Undated] Three Con- a talk on Quakerism one evening siderations proposed to Mr. at the close of the exhibition. William Pen, Concerning the Validity and Security of his VICTORIAN QUAKERS New Magna Charta for Liberty Elizabeth Isichei's Victorian of Conscience, by A Baptist; Quakers (Oxford University Press which may be worthy the con­ 1970. ^3.25) is given a couple of sideration of all the Quakers, pages at the end of an extended and of all my Dissenting review article by Peter Marsh Brethren also that have Votes entitled 'The other Victorian in the Choice of Parliament- Christians11 in Victorian studies, Men. Printed. S.P. 31/1, fols. March 1972, vol. 15, no. 3, pp. 235-7. [By Thomas Comber, 366-68. NOTES AND QUERIES In the course of his remarks, as shopkeepers and tradesmen. Peter Marsh, associate professor Among the Friends mentioned of history at Syracuse University, are John Walker (to whom points out how Friends emerged Captain Cook was apprenticed from the isolation which they after he left the grocer's shop at experienced until the first half of Staithes, just a little up the the nineteenth century into a coast there is an etching, of the broader field of endeavour. They attic in which he worked at his were enabled to provide cohesion, navigation), the Chapman, and money and respectability for the Sanders families. reform movements which might Glimpses of family life in a otherwise have failed for lack of well-to-do Friend's house in the provincial support, financial 18th century are contributed from assistance and the cloak of res­ the pen of one of the Sanders pectability which members of the family, a descendant of the ship­ Society of Friends were able to owner and banker and a leader afford. in Whitby Meeting who came under discipline of York Quar­ WEXFORD FRIENDS terly Meeting for arming his ships Olive Goodbody's "Quakers in against privateers in the French Wexford", Journal of the Old wars. Wexford Society, vol. 3, pp. 36- 41, is noted in the list of Writings YORK POLITICS on Irish History in Irish His­ The Yorkshire Philosophical torical Studies, vol. 17, no. 68, Society's Annual report for the Sept. 1971. P- 558- year 1971, includes an article entitled "Charles Wellbeloved", by A. J. Peacock. WHITBY The Rev. Charles Wellbeloved, An introduction to the collecting Unitarian clergyman in York for and history of Whitby prints, by many years until his death at the Thomas Harks English (Home age of 90 in 1858, was interested & Son, Limited, Whitby, 1931. and active in many of the reform 2 vols.) was published in a movements of the 18205 and limited edition over forty years early 18305. York Friends are ago, and has recently been mentioned, notably in connec­ reprinted. tion with the survey of 1826 into For the Quaker historian, educational provision in the city Whitby presents some of the of York. This survey found that classic situations which have many children never attended occurred in the history of local day schools, only Sunday schools. meetings, and these volumes by In the 1835 parliamentary the late Dr. English give re­ election bribery was rampant and minders of the bare bones of the brought forth two petitions to history of the Meeting, from the unseat the successful Tory candi­ time of George Fox's first visit date; one petition was from in 1654. "Joseph Rowntree, Samuel Tuke In the 18th and early igth and the City's Quaker com­ centuries Friends numbered munity". The select committee among their members prominent on enquiry decided that the bankers and shipowners, as well Whigs had bribed in the same NOTES AND QUERIES 93 _ f way, so nothing came of the by Rhodes Boyson (Oxford, petition. 1970) describes the growth of the This was the first election in Ashworth family business in the which George Hudson the Rail­ nineteenth century, and the way King was active in Tory general activity of Henry (1794- organization. For the next ten 1880) and Edmund Ashworth years Hudson reigned supreme. (1800-81) in political, economic Erstwhile opponents of political and social affairs. Dr. Boyson corruption joined his throng. examines the progressive attitude "Others, like Tuke, Rowntree of the Ashworths towards educa­ and Wellbeloved, who were out­ ting and housing their workers side the King's sphere of influ­ and contrasts this with their ence, said nothing". resistance to factory legislation. The A nnual report also contains Although Edmund was for a articles which mention John period Clerk of Marsden Monthly Ford's meteorological work (pp. Meeting he left the Society 74-75) and the Quaker back­ formally in 1876, and neither ground of John Thurnam (1810- brother could generally be des­ 73, D.N.B.). cribed as a conventional Friend. Henry's principal recreation, YORK RETREAT shooting, was a cause of concern An American in Regency England to his meeting. Evidently the by Louis Simond and edited by Ashworths did not receive a good Christopher Hibbert (London, press and it appears that this 1968) is a shortened version of was partly justified. [See also the anonymous Journal of a Tour Jnl. F.H.S., vol. 52, p. 54.] and Residence in Great Britain DAVID J. HALL during the Years 1810 and 1811 published in 1815. This new ROBERT BARCLAY (1672-1747) edition includes an account of In the Clerk of Penicuik muni­ The Retreat and mentions the ments (GD. 18) noticed in the high incidence of lunacy among Scottish Record Office List of Friends, tailors and the aristo­ gifts and deposits, vol. i (Edin­ cracy. burgh: H.M. Stationery Office, DAVID J. HALL 1971. £2.75) is correspondence JOHN ARMSTRONG, d. 1792 from Robert Barclay of Urie, "An Armstrong tragedy", a note Quaker, (2), 1728. in the Transactions of•" the Cum- berland &> Westmorland Anti­ ANTHONY BENEZET quarian & Archaeological Society, "New sidelights on early anti- vol. 71, N.S., 1971, p. 296, by slavery radicalism0, by David C. Roy Hudleston, gives informa­ Brion Davis (William and Mary tion of the death of John quarterly, 3rd series, vol. 28, Armstrong, linen draper of North no. 4, Oct. 1971, pp. 584-94) Shields, "one of the people called includes some notes on Anthony Quakers11, loDec. 1792. The note Benezet as "a kind of middleman comes from the Newcastle Courant of ideas'1 "It was as an antho­ 15 Dec., 1792. logist and collator of scattered material that Benezet made his HENRY AND EDMUND ASHWORTH major contribution to the early The Ashworth Cotton Enterprise antislavery movement. Many of 94 NOTES AND QUERIES his pamphlets are little more coming from the autobiographical than hastily compiled collections memoranda which Gladstone of quotations and extracts re­ wrote in his old age. garding West African culture, the slave trade, and the injustice and inhumanity of Negro Liberal Politics in the age of slavery". These writings came to Gladstone and Rosebery: a study influence Granville Sharp, John in leadership and policy by D. A. Wesley and through them a much Hamer (Oxford, Clarendon Press, wider audience. 1972. ^4.75) inevitably includes The number also includes notices of John Bright in con­ (pp. 688-90) a review by Edwin nection with the 1870 Education Bronner of Betty C. Corner and Bill, with Chamberlain's 1885 Christopher C. Booth's edition campaign, and the Irish Home of Dr. John Fothergill's letters Rule question, and in other published by Harvard University fields. The author has based his Press under title Chain of Friend­ work firmly on manuscript ship (1971. $20.00). sources, and has used the papers of Robert Spence Watson, the JOHN BRIGHT outstanding figure in Newcastle Gladstone remembered first see­ upon Tyne liberalism, and presi­ ing John Bright (before Bright's dent of the National Liberal parliamentary career had begun) Federation throughout the 18903. as member of a delegation from * * * Lancashire at the Board of Trade The Diary of Sir Edivard Walter in 1842. The delegation of some Hamilton, 1880-1885. Edited by fifteen or twenty gentlemen pre­ Dudley W. R. Bahlman (Oxford, sented a formidable appearance, Clarendon Press, 1972. 2 vols.). but the one who stuck in Glad­ This volume includes many ref­ stone's mind was erences to John Bright, at this "the figure of a person in (I period nearly at the end of his think) black or dark Quaker political career. costume, seemingly the young­ est of the band. Eagerly he sat CYRUS BUSTILL a little forward on the bench, The William and Mary quarterly, and intervened in the dis­ vol. 29, 3rd series, no. i, Jan. cussion, which I believe I did 1972, pp. 99-108, contains an not. I was greatly struck with article by Melvin H. Buxbaum, him. He seemed to me rather on the address by Cyrus Bustill, fierce, but very strong and a free Christian Negro, to a group very earnest". of slaves in Philadelphia. Cyrus (Royal Commission on His­ Bustill was born a slave in torical Manuscripts. The Prime Burlington, N.J., in February Ministers1 Papers: W. E. Glad­ 1732, and he was sold in 1762 to stone. i : Autobiographica. Edited Thomas Pryor, Jr., an influential by John Brooke and Mary Friend. Thomas Pryor freed Sorensen. H.M. Stationery Office. Bustill in 1769 and taught him to be a baker. After liberation he The volume also includes some "married an Indian woman who, recollections concerning John like himself, was imbued with Bright in the years about 1866, Quaker principles". The text of NOTES AND QUERIES 95 the address is printed in the the empire, by James L. Sturgis, article. by Dr. E. D. Steele.

THOMAS CARLYLE JOHN DALTON, F.R.S. That the article on Quakers in the "Three drawings of Fellows by Edinburgh Encyclopaedia (1809- William Brockedon, F.R.S." by 31) was written by Thomas Lise Wilkinson of the Chemistry Carlyle about 1820 seems fairly Department, Imperial College, established from evidence pro­ London, in Notes and records of duced in The collected letters of the Royal Society of London, vol. Thomas and Jane Welsh Carlyle, 26, no. 2 (Dec. 1971), pp. 183- Duke-Edinburgh edition (Duke 187, includes an illustration of University Press, 1970, vol. i, the half-length figure of Dr. pp. 229, 252). Dalton, dated May 1834, and a vivid account of his visit to CLARKS OF STREET London during which the draw­ A diagram of "The spread of the ing was made. Dalton was factories of Clarks Ltd., from presented at court, in the robes Street in Somerset, 1939-1967" of an Oxford Doctor of Laws. shows the spread of the firm into "The King asked Dalton several Devon, Wiltshire (Warminster) questions, and seemed genuinely and Northamptonshire (Roth- interested in his views". well) as well as in various towns The Society's Obituary in the of Somerset. This appears (p. same issue of Notes and Records 210) in an article by D. J. includes the name of Kathleen Spoon er, of the University of Lonsdale, i April, 1971. Hull, in Regional Studies, vol. 6, June 1972, pp. 197-215, entitled "Industrial movement and the DENWOOD, OF MARYLAND rural periphery: the case of George Gale (1671-1712) of Devon and Cornwall". Whitehaven and Virginia, married (as his first wife) Mildred (Warner) JAMES CROPPER Washington (d. 1701, grand­ "The state of I re land in the 18205: mother of George Washington), James Cropper's plan", by Ken­ and as his second wife "Elizabeth neth Charlton (Irish historical Denwood, the daughter of Levyn studies, vol. 17, no. 67, March and Priscilla Denwood, of a 1971, pp. 320-339) studies Crop­ Quaker family, of Somerset per's work and plan to ameliorate County, Maryland". There is a economic distress in Ireland as family tree in an article "The propounded in his pamphlet The Washingtons of Whitehaven and present state of Ireland, with a plan Appleby", by E. Hinchcliffe for improving the position of the (Transactions of the Cumberland people (1825). The author recog­ & Westmorland Antiquarian &> nises James Cropper's concern Archaeological Society, vol. 71, for education to assist the Irish N.S., 1971, pp. 151-198) which overcome their difficulties, and illustrates the links between the also notices his part in the estab­ families. lishment of Penketh School. Among the persons thanked for The same number includes a assistance by the author is our long review of John Bright and Friend Amy Wallis of Darlington. NOTES AND QUERIES ANN ECROYD OF EDGEND FREDERICK LUCAS In an article in The Manchester '' Before Con vocation London Review, published by the Cultural students in early days", the Committee (Manchester Public address by A. Taylor Milne, Libraries), vol. 12, no. 2, Spring president of the Historical Assoc­ 1972, concerning the papers of iation, to the meeting of the Dr. William Farrer, 1861-1924 University of London Convoca­ (born William Farrer Ecroyd, tion, 19 October 1971 (see p. 20- second son of his father of the 23 of the agenda paper for the same name, stuff manufacturer Convocation meeting of 22 Jan­ and merchant, of Lomeshaye uary 1972) mentions "a young Mills, Marsden (Nelson), Lanes.) Quaker, Frederick Lucas, who there is a section (pp. 55-60), was converted to Catholicism and concerning the notebooks and founded The Tablet", as one of papers of Ann Ecroyd of Edgend, the early students at University relating to the work done by the College, London. "The College Society of Friends to help the in Gower Street turned out to be poor in the area of modern very much a middle-class affair, Nelson, between 1819 and 1853. patronised by the sons of dis­ senters, both Protestant and HUGH MARMION Catholic, Jews and freethinkers French Protestant refugees re­ attached to no particular lieved through the Threadneedle religion11 . Street church, London, 1681— Both Frederick Lucas and his 16871 by A. P. Hands and Irene brother Samuel (who married Scouloudi. (Huguenot Society of John Bright's sister) are in the London. Quarto series, vol. 49. Dictionary of National Biography. 1971). On p. 136 appears the following entry: LINDLEY MURRAY MARMION (Marnion) Hugues, Lindley Murray (1745-1826) "the camelot weaver (faiseur de most successful author of school camelot} 1681 27 Dec., 2/6; texts for middle class children of 1 68 1/2 10 Jan., to go to the time. Some of his works were Ipswich I2/-; 28 Feb., to dis­ still being reprinted for use in charge the charity £21 8 Aug., the English-speaking parts of the last grant, by order of the world in the second half of the Committee, I2/-. 6 grants in all. nineteenth century11. So runs Total £3. 1 1. 6 (B). J. M. Goldstron's account in his 1 68 1 27 Dec., tern, from Hanau The social content of education, 1808-1870: a study of the working B=MS. 63, the Grand Livre, class school reader in England and in the archives of the Ireland (Irish University Press, French Church. 1972). JL=Livre des tesmoignages de This interesting book has much I'tglise de Threadneedle concerning the influences on, and Street: 1669-1789. Q.S.XXI. people and societies active in, Bristol Men's Meeting records education during the first half of gifts to one Hugh Marmiron in the 19th century, including a 1704 and 1705; see Journal good deal on the work of Joseph F.H.S. vol. 48 (1958), p. 277. Lancaster.