Notes and Queries AMERICAN INDEPENDENCE AMERICAN MEN OF SCIENCE The attempted intervention of Science in the British colonies of Doctor Fothergill (physician to America, by Raymond Phineas Lord Dartmouth, the secretary Stearns (University of Illinois of state) and David Barclay Press, 1970. $20.00) is a massive (merchant in the American trade book. It includes within its and friend of Lord Hyde the covers references to such men as chancellor of the duchy of Lan­ John Bartram, Peter Collinson, caster) with Benjamin Franklin in Dr. John Fothergill, John Coak- an unofficial attempt to prevent ley Lettsom and James Logan. the outbreak of the War of The index is good, and worthy American Independence, is briefly of a work which immediately touched on (p. 152) in an article makes itself the standard treat­ entitled "The North Government ment of the field studied. and the Outbreak of the American Revolution", by Allan J. McCurry ANTHROPOLOGY (The Huntington Library quar­ "What's in a name? The origins terly, Feb. 1971, vol. 34, no. 2, of the Royal Anthropological pp. 141-157). The author con­ Institute (1837-71)", an article cludes that the effort "cannot be by George W. Stocking, Jr. regarded as a bona fide effort at (University of Chicago) in Man, conciliation", because at no time vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 369-390 (Sept., was the government directly 1971), delineates in its earlier involved. pages the formative influences which went into the establish­ AMERICAN INDIANS ment of the R.A.I. The author "Though Quaker relations with makes particular mention of the the Indians were not so benign as Aborigines' Protection Society, some historians have suggested, Thomas Fowell Buxton (1786- it is significant that not a single 1845), Thomas Hodgkin (1798- incident of organized violence 1866), James Cowles Prichard between Indians and Quakers (1786-1848) and others who, occurred during the colonial working from a base in humani­ period". tarian interest gradually spread The above passage comes in into various fields of informed the course of a paragraph dealing scientific activity. briefly, but with bibliographical The "name1' of the title of the references satisfactorily provided, article reflects discussion of the with Friends, in the course of an choice of the term' 'anthropology'' article by Gary B. Nash on "The or "ethnology'1. image of the Indian in the Southern Colonial mind", in The ASSIZES William and Mary Quarterly, 3rd "On some circuits Quakers and series, vol. 29, no. 2, 1972, pp. papists appear to have been 197-230. prosecuted impartially; elsewhere NOTES AND QUERIES Quakers were treated leniently homeward. On the coach he met or, conversely, allowed to linger and talked at length to a for long periods in prison, vainly Quakeress whose presence he appealing to the judges for a found soothing. Before spending hearing of their cases''. That the night in prayer in a cheap sentence, with appropriate refer­ Birmingham, hotel he was able ences appears in J. S. Cockburn, to have tea with her and to A history of English assizes, receive a gift of a book. Finally 1538-1714 (Cambridge Studies in he decided to remain a member English Legal History. Cam­ of the Church of England and his bridge University Press, 1972). daughter wrote in her biography (Primate Alexander by Eleanor BANKING Alexander, London, 1913, pp. The second volume of Dr. George 68-9): "He had been calmed and Chandler's Four centuries of elevated by the gentle Quakeress, banking as illustrated by the and to the end ot life she remained bankers, customers and staff asso­ in his grateful memory as an ciated with the constituent banks influence for good . She was of Martins Bank Limited (Bats- dressed ... in the charming ford, 1968) deals with the North­ neutral tint with spotless white ern constituent banks. It ranges muslin, so becoming to a sweet from the Kendal and Ulverston and attractive face." banks in the north west, the Can anyone identify the Craven, Halifax and West Riding Quakeress? Union banks in Yorkshire, the DAVID J. HALL Carlisle and Cumberland Banking Company and the North Eastern BRISLINGTON HOUSE Banking Company Limited in The Trade in Lunacy, a study of the far north and north east, and private madhouses in England in in Lancashire banks centred on the eighteenth and nineteenth Bury, Preston, Liverpool and centuries, by William LI. Parry- Manchester. Many banking Jones (London, Routledge, 1972. families were Friends the Wake- £4.75) includes a brief account fields, Wilsons, Crewdsons in (pp. 112-115) °* Brislington Kendal, and Birkbecks in Settle, House, near Bristol, "one of the to name a few. most reputable provincial licens­ ed houses" for the treatment of A BIRMINGHAM FRIEND? the insane. It was built specifi­ William Alexander (1824-1911), cally for the purpose by Edward who became Church of Ireland Long Fox (1761-1835) and Archbishop of Armagh and Pri­ remained open until 1951. mate of All Ireland was much attracted as a young man by the BRISTOL WORKHOUSE teaching of J. H. Newman, Friends' Workhouse in Bristol especially soon after Newman (founded 1696) receives passing had become a Roman Catholic. references in Emily E. Butcher's One day in 1845 Alexander took "Bristol Corporation of the Poor, his name off the books of his 1696-1898 (Bristol branch of the Oxford college, informed his Historical Association, Pamphlet mother that he had determined no. 29, 1972, 25p). As well as to become a Catholic and set off founding their own workhouse 84 NOTES AND QUERIES for the relief of Friends, promi­ CASTLETON, YORKS. nent members of Bristol Meeting The Bulletin of the Cleveland and served in the management of the Teesside Local History Society, Corporation of the Poor which no. 9, June 1970, p. 25, has the served a like purpose in the city following: at large. "Mrs. T. M. Nattrass writes: Miss Butcher edited the Corpo­ We can throw some light on ration's records (Bristol Record the fate of the Friends Meeting Society's publications, vol. 3, House at Castleton. I think 1931). The volume is now out of that it was purchased by Mr. print, and the records themselves Edward Watson when he owned were destroyed in 1940. Miss Dibble Bridge (about the 19303) Butcher quotes from a Notting­ and the stone removed to use ham unpublished thesis of 1962 in extensions and alterations entitled "The 2 Workhouses of at Dibble." Bristol" by M. M. Tomkins; the second establishment is of course COLTHOUSE the Friends' Workhouse, on G. P. Jones, in the course of a part of the site of which the review of Wordsworth's Hawks- new Friars Meeting House in head, by T. W. Thompson, Bristol now stands. edited by Robert Woof (Oxford University Press, 1970, £6) in BROSELEY Notes and Queries, March 1972, Iron-Top Cottage, Broseley is pp. 115-6, recounts some of the illustrated in a short note from discussion in the book concerning the Shropshire Journal of August the possibility that Wordsworth 27, 1971, which recalls that the may have attended Colthouse cottage (believed once to have Friends' Meeting on hot or wet had a cast iron roof) was built by Sundays when the journey to the John Wilkinson the ironmaster parish church may have been (1728-1808). Locally the house is considered unsuitable by Ann still known as a "Quaker House". Tyson for her boarders. BUCKINGHAM COVENTRY The Huntington Library quarterly, Twentieth-century Coventry, by vol. 34, no. 2 (Feb. 1971), pp. Kenneth Richardson (Macmillan, 159-181 contains a fascinating 1972) a handsome volume issued story of the politics of a small, under the patronage of Coventry predominantly evangelical and City Council includes some brief low church electorate in the mention of Friends. period of the Reform Bill and Friends had a meeting house after. This is unfolded in "Buck­ in Hill Street just outside the city ingham, 1832-1846: a study of a walls at the end of the I7th 'pocket borough'/1 by R. W. century. In the I9th century Davis of Washington University, John Gulson (1813-1904) some­ St. Louis. Two Friends are time mayor, but long before a named, Thomas Gilkes, and liberal reformer, active in the William Richardson a corn dealer establishment of the mechanics'• who proposed Sir Harry Verney institute and the public library; in opposition to the Duke of the Cash family; the Browett Buckingham's interest. family were in manufacturing. NOTES AND QUERIES In the 2oth century Charles agreeable and made us leave Webb Fowler (1861-1922), doctor Wisbeach unwillingly." p. n] and city councillor, and Walter In the summer of 17^3, when Chinn (1904- ) post-Second at Uxbridge John Crosier "spent World War director of education the evening at Mr. Hull's, a miller are mentioned. of great property, a Quaker, in a very agreeable manner.1' [p. 26] ESSEX William Wire, watchmaker Essex people, 1750-1900, from and postman of Colchester, noted their diaries, memoirs and letters in 1842, 1843 and 1844 that the by A. F. J. Brown (Essex County Quakers in the town kept their Council, Chelmsford: Essex shops open on Christmas Day, or Record Office publications (in 1842) on the day after. The no. 59) is a volume of extracts entry for December 26, 1842, from personal documents con­ reads: "Christmas Day falling on cerning seventeen Essex people. Sunday, the shops were closed Included is Elizabeth Fry this day and a holiday was kept (granddaughter of the Elizabeth generally by all excepting the Fry, of whom a portrait appears), Quakers, who refused to shut up aged 15, of Warley Lodge, 1842. their shops when others do." John Crosier, of Maldon, miller [p.