DOCSLIB.ORG

Who Is Actually Catholic? How Our Traditional Categories Keep Us from Understanding the Evangelical Reformations

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Who Is Actually Catholic? How Our Traditional Categories Keep Us from Understanding the Evangelical Reformations Who is Actually Catholic? How Our Traditional Categories Keep Us from Understanding the Evangelical Reformations Randall C. Zachman The traditional description of the Reformation conceptually divides the par- ties of this event into Roman Catholics on the one hand, and Protestants on the other. Consequently, there are usually seen to be at least two Reformations in the sixteenth century: the Catholic Reformation, comprising those reform- ers who remained in communion with the Papacy in Rome, and the Protestant Reformation, made up of those who had been excommunicated from the Ro- man Church. Luther is customarily seen as starting the Protestant Reformation by departing from his identity as a Roman Catholic in order to become a Prot- estant. Once Luther becomes a Protestant, he undergoes further development until he becomes a Lutheran. The same holds true for Zwingli. First he is seen as breaking with the Catholic Church and thereby becoming Protestant, and then he further develops into a Reformed Protestant, over against the Lutheran Protestants in Wittenberg. Calvin is described as converting from the Catholic faith to Protestantism, and later develops into a major spokesperson for Re- formed Protestantism, and especially for Calvinism. Eventually, the Protestants develop confessions for their new anti-Catholic churches, such as the Augsburg Confession for the Lutheran Protestants, or the Second Helvetic Confession for the Reformed Protestants. The Catholics then respond to these new Protestant confessions at the Council of Trent, which condemns the new Protestant teaching and clarifies older catholic doctrine, so that it can be more successfully explained and defended over against the Prot- estants. This narrative assumes that the people it calls Protestants wanted to leave the Catholic Church in order to become good Protestants, and further as- sumes that they thought they could only become good Protestants by becom- ing Lutheran or Reformed Protestants. This narrative is further reinforced by describing the Catholic Reformation as being composed of those figures such as Faber Stapulensis or Desiderius Erasmus, who remained loyal to the Roman Church, over against the Protestant Reformation, made up of those who had been excommunicated by Rome, such as Martin Luther, Philip Melanchthon, and John Calvin. I would argue that this traditional narrative completely misrepresents what was at stake for those who were part of what I have termed the evangelical © Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, 2018 | doi 10.1163/9789004356795_028 436 Zachman Reformations, which would include Luther, Melanchthon, Zwingli, Bullinger, and Calvin, among others. The question for them was not who is actually Prot- estant over against those who are self-evidently Catholic. The question rather involved asking, Who is actually Catholic? This latter question challenges from the outset the claim of Rome to represent the Catholic Church. Indeed, for all parties in the evangelical Reformations, the term “Roman Catholic” would be seen as an oxymoron. Rather, all of them claimed to be Catholic, thereby mak- ing the further claim that it was they, and not Rome, that truly represented the Catholic Church and Catholic doctrine. As Melanchthon says in his Loci Communes of 1543, “I am not creating new opinions. Nor do I believe that any greater crime can be committed in the church than to play games by inventing new ideas, departing from the prophetic and apostolic Scripture and the true consensus of the church of God. Further, I am following and embracing the teaching of the church at Wittenberg and those adhering to it. This teaching unquestionably is the consensus of the catholic church of Christ, that is, of all learned men in the church of Christ.”1 In other words, none of the participants in the evangelical Reformations wanted to be Protestant. Far from seeing themselves as leaving the Catholic Church to become good Protestants, and to start new Protestant churches, they saw Rome as having already left the an- cient Catholic Church in order to start the new Roman Church of the papacy. Like Melanchthon, Zwingli did not see himself as leaving behind Catholic doctrine in order to become Protestant and then Reformed. Rather, he saw himself as clearly teaching catholic doctrine over against the novel innova- tions of Rome. “For we teach not a single jot which we have not learned from the sacred Scriptures. Nor do we make a single assertion for which we have not the authority of the first doctors of the Church—prophets, apostles, bish- ops, evangelists, and expositors—those ancient Fathers who drew more purely from the fountainhead.”2 Indeed, Zwingli distinguishes the catholic doctrine he teaches from the sectarian innovations of both the Anabaptists and the Ro- man Church. “And this is always the way with sectarians who separate them- selves on their own authority. It is what the papacy itself did, claiming to be the true Church without either the approval or the consent of genuine church- es.”3 His successor in Zurich, Heinrich Bullinger, made the same claim to be the true representative of orthodox and catholic teaching, without any recent 1 Philip Melanchthon, Loci Communes (1543), trans. Jacob A. O. Preuss (St. Louis: Concordia, 1992), 15. 2 Ulrich Zwingli, An Exposition of the Faith, in Zwingli and Bullinger, ed. Geoffrey W. Bromiley (Philadelphia: Westminster Press, 1953), 278. 3 Ulrich Zwingli, Of Baptism, in Zwingli and Bullinger, 158..
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Reformation Roots Edited by John B
    THE LIVING THEOLOGICAL HERITAGE OF THE UNITED CHURCH OF CHRIST Barbara Brown Zikmund Series Editor L T H VOLUME TWO Reformation Roots Edited by John B. Payne The Pilgrim Press Cleveland, Ohio Contents The Living Theological Heritage of the United Church of Christ ix Reformation Roots 1 Part L Late Medieval and Renaissance Piety and Theology 37 1. The Book of the Craft of Dying (c. mid-15th century) 37 2. The Imitation of Christ (c. 1427) 51 THOMAS À KEMPIS 3. Eternal Predestination and Its Execution in Time (1517) 69 JOHN VON STAUPITZ 4.Paraclesis(1516) 86 DESIDERIUS ERASMUS Part II. Reformation in Germany, Switzerland, and the 98 Netherlands Martin Luther and the German Reformation 5. The Freedom of a Christian (1520) 98 MARTIN LUTHER 6. Formula of Mass and Communion for the Church 121 at Wittenberg (1523) MARTIN LUTHER 7. Hymn: Out of the Depths I Cry to Thee (1523) 137 MARTIN LUTHER 8. Small Catechism (1529) 140 MARTIN LUTHER 9. The Augsburg Confession (1530) 160 Zwingli and the Swiss Reformation 10. Sixty-Seven Articles (1523) 196 ULRICH ZWINGLI 11. Action or Use of the Lord's Supper (1525) 205 ULRICH ZWINGLI 12. The Schleitheim Confession of Faith (1527) 214 13. The Marburg Colloquy (1529) 224 VI • CONTENTS 14. Sermon One, Decade One: Of the Word of God 248 from Decades (1549-51) HEINRICH BULLINGER Calvin and the Genevan Reformation 15. The Law from Institution of the Christian Religion (1536) 266 JOHN CALVIN 16. The Geneva Confession (1536) 272 WILLIAM FAREL AND JOHN CALVIN 17. The Strasbourg Liturgy (1539) 280 MARTIN BUCER 18.
    [Show full text]
  • What Did Huldrych Zwingli Achieve for the Swiss Reformation?
    What did Huldrych Zwingli achieve for the Swiss Reformation? Roger Porter Department of Theology Flinders University Abstract Huldrych Zwingli was a key figure in the Swiss Reformation. It was concluded that recognition of his contribution has, over time, dissipated and largely unacknowledged. Further research into Zwingli studies is warranted, highly recommended and already long overdue. Introduction: The Genesis of the Swiss Reformation The events of the Swiss Reformation were significantly influenced by Huldrych 1 Zwingli (1484-1531). His tragic death on the front line of a Swiss civil war in 1531 ended a career vitally important to the Protestant Reformation in Europe and abroad. Nevertheless, Zwingli was the only major reformer of the 16 th century whose vision and movement, despite his momentous achievements, did not develop into a church. Although defects of disjointedness and intellectualism mark his writings behind them lay an open, warm and friendly disposition, embodying a courageously arresting attempt to rethink all Christian doctrine in consistently biblical terms. This essay will illustrate how Huldrych Zwingli’s achievements were pivotal to the success of the Swiss Reformation, and the Reformation in general. His accomplishments will be noted in their various time periods together with the relevant historical events. It will be argued that, jointly with Martin Luther and John Calvin, Zwingli was a key individual in the 16 th century Reformation, and that his achievements contributed significantly to this momentous event in European history. Firstly, the key achievements of Huldrych Zwingli will be noted. These include (1) his breaking with Rome in 1522 by rejecting the Catholic co-ordination of scripture and tradition, (2) his replacing the Catholic mass in 1525 with the first Reformed communion service in the Zurich Great Minster Church and (3) his spreading the Swiss Reformation to other German and Italian Cantons of Switzerland.
    [Show full text]
  • Martin Bucer and the Eucharistic Controversy in Bern
    University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Faculty Publications, Department of History History, Department of 2005 The Myth of the Swiss Lutherans: Martin Bucer and the Eucharistic Controversy in Bern Amy Nelson Burnett University of Nebraska - Lincoln, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/historyfacpub Part of the History Commons Burnett, Amy Nelson, "The Myth of the Swiss Lutherans: Martin Bucer and the Eucharistic Controversy in Bern" (2005). Faculty Publications, Department of History. 99. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/historyfacpub/99 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the History, Department of at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Faculty Publications, Department of History by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. The Myth of the Swiss Lutherans: Martin Bucer and the Eucharistic Controversy in Bern In 1842, Carl Hundeshagen published Die Conflicte des Zwinglianismus, Lu- thertums und Calvinismus in der Bernischen Landeskirche von 1532-1558.' The book describes the doctrinal strife within Bern and the effects of that strife on the relationship of the Bernese church with those of Geneva and Zu- rich. The conflicts centered on two issues: the Lord's Supper, and the inde- pendence of the church from state control. As the title implies, Hundeshagen identified the three positions in the controversy as Zwinglian (as represented by Zurich and one of the factions in Bern), Calvinist (Geneva and Vaud), and Lutheran (the dominant faction in Bern during the later 1530s and 1540s). It is difficult to overestimate the impact of Hundeshagen's book.
    [Show full text]
  • Heinrich Bullinger
    Torrance Kirby Heinrich Bullinger (1504–1575): Life - Thought - Influence Heinrich Bullinger (1504–1575): Life - Thought - Influence Heinrich Bullinger (1504–1575): Life - Thought - Influence by Torrance Kirby Throughout the year 2004 a Quincentenary Jubilee was held in Zurich to mark the birth of Heinrich Bullinger, Swiss Reformer and successor (Der Nachfolger) to Huldrych Zwingli after the latter’s death at the battle of Kap- pel in 1531. Bullinger served as Antistes (Prelate) of the Church of Zurich from that date until his own death in 1575 thus ensuring that he would stand as a figure of continuity through the manifold upheavals, both theological and political, of the mid-sixteenth century. For an English-speaking audience it is perhaps worth noting that Bullinger’s life-span coincides exactly with that of Matthew Parker (also 1504–1575), the first reformed Archbishop of Canterbury under Elizabeth Tudor. Bullinger was among the most influen- tial of all sixteenth-century Protestant reformers of the second generation. As the author of the Second Helvetic Confession he formulated what is agreed to be the most significant and lasting international standard of Re- formed doctrinal orthodoxy. Throughout his long career Bullinger sustained a vast correspondence with adherents of religious reform throughout Eu- rope. So it was highly appropriate that among the highlights of the quincen- tenary festivities there should be an International Congress hosted by The Institute for Swiss Reformation History at the University of Zurich and at- tended by a sizable contingent of scholars from across the globe-from Ger- many, France, Belgium, the Netherlands, Hungary, England, Scotland, Ca- nada, the United States, and beyond.
    [Show full text]
  • Heinrich Bullinger, Political Covenantalism and Vermigli's
    Heinrich Bullinger, political covenantalism and Vermigli’s commentary on Judges Andries Raath Department of Constitutional Law and Philosophy of Law University of the Free State BLOEMFONTEIN E-mail: [email protected] Abstract Heinrich Bullinger, political covenantalism and Vermigli’s commentary on Judges The Zurich political federalists under the leadership of Heinrich Bullinger had a number of important views in common: firstly, they subscribed to the ideal of the covenanted nation under God; secondly, they maintained the view that magistrates and their subjects have a covenantal calling to live according to God’s law; thirdly, the binding together (consolidation) of the covenanted Christian polity by means of the oath; fourthly, the right to resistance when the conditions of the covenant are broken; fifthly, the offices of magistrates and pastors are mutually to assist one another in maintaining and furthering the conditions and requirements of the Biblical covenant in the consolidated Christian community. Vermigli used these principles, together with the Chrysostomian and Lutheran views on magisterial office, to develop an influential theory of theologico-political federalism in the Reformational tradition. Opsomming Heinrich Bullinger, politieke verbondsluiting en Vermigli se kommentaar op die boek Rigters Die politieke federaliste onder die leierskap van Heinrich Bullinger het ’n aantal belangrike gesigspunte in gemeen gehad: eerstens het hulle die ideaal van die nasie as ’n saamgebinde verbondseenheid onderskryf; tweedens
    [Show full text]
  • WHAT SORT of NACHFOLGER of ZWINGLI WAS BULLINGER? Joe
    WTJ 82 (2020): 301–17 WHAT SORT OF NACHFOLGER OF ZWINGLI WAS BULLINGER? Joe Mock The secondary literature on Zurich theology often takes as its starting point the dependence of Heinrich Bullinger on the thought of Huldrych Zwingli. This is because Bullinger is regarded as Zwingli’s successor or Nachfolger, who closely followed and echoed Zwingli’s teaching. Further- more, “Zwinglianism” is often imprecisely equated with Zurich theology. This article examines those sections of Bullinger’s commentary on 1 Corinthians (1534) that discuss the Lord’s Supper. Bullinger does cite Zwingli’s Concerning the Protests of Eck (1530) and An Exposition of the Faith (1531) but none of the other works of Zwingli on the Lord’s Supper. Of particular note is Bullinger’s use of Ratramnus’s treatise on the Lord’s Supper (early 840s), which had influenced Berengar of Tours (c. 999– 1088). Although Zwingli did refer to the importance of 1 Cor 10:1–5 for understanding the Lord’s Supper it was Bullinger who, using Ratramnus’s treatise, made a more comprehensive study of this pericope to underscore feeding on Christ spiritually by the elect in the Lord’s Supper. Both Bullinger and Zwingli were trained in humanism, rhetoric, and the use of the biblical languages. Since both placed the utmost priority on correctly interpreting Scripture through judicial use of the tools they were trained and skilled in, it is not surprising that, unfettered by the tradition of the medieval church, they came, independently, to similar views of the Lord’s Supper. There were, of course, nuanced differences between their respective understandings of the Lord’s Supper.
    [Show full text]
  • Marriage and Divorce in the Thought of Martin Bucer
    Selderhuis.BK Page i Tuesday, March 16, 2010 10:57 AM Marriage and Divorce in the Thought of Martin Bucer Selderhuis.BK Page ii Tuesday, March 16, 2010 10:57 AM Habent sua fata libelli This book has been brought to publication with the generous support of Truman State University, Kirksville, Missouri and the Huguenot Society of America Raymond A. Mentzer, General Editor Composed by Thomas Jefferson University Press at Truman State University Cover art and title page by Teresa Wheeler Manufactured by Edwards Brothers, Ann Arbor, Michigan Text is set in Minion 11/13 Selderhuis.BK Page iv Tuesday, March 16, 2010 10:57 AM Copy © 1999 Thomas Jefferson University Press Truman State University 100 East Normal Street, Kirksville, Missouri 63501-4221 USA http://[email protected] All rights reserved. Originally published as Huwelijk en Echtscheiding bij Martin Bucer © 1994 Uitgeverij J.J. Groen en Zoon BV / Leiden Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Selderhuis, H. J., 1961– [Huwelijk en echtscheiding bij Martin Bucer. English] Marriage and divorce in the thought of Martin Bucer / Herman J. Selderhuis ; translated by John Vriend and Lyle D. Bierma. p. cm. – (Sixteenth century essays & studies : v. 48) Includes bibliographical references and index ISBN 0-943549-68-X (HB, alk. paper) 1. Marriage—Religious aspects—Christianity—History of doctrines—16th century. 2. Divorce—Religious aspects—Christianity—History of doc- trines—16th century. 3. Bucer, Martin, 1491–1551. I. Title. II. Series. BV835.S4313 1998 234'.165—dc21 98–16686 CIP No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any format by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and recording, or by any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher.
    [Show full text]
  • Reformation T I M E L I
    reformation timeline reformation timeline The Protestant Reformation 1378-1417 1505 Great Schism Luther becomes friar at Erfurt between rival popes 1509 1384 Birth of John Calvin Death of John Wycliffe, Henry VIII becomes king English reformer of England 1415 1517 Jan Hus of Prague burned at stake, Luther posts 95 Theses sparks Hussite Revolt in Wittenberg 1453 1519 Fall of Constantinople Charles V becomes Holy Roman Emperor 1456 Printing of first Gutenberg Bible 1520 Luther excommunicated 1478 Spanish Inquisition is founded 1521 Diet of Worms 1483 Birth of Martin Luther 1522 Luther publishes translation of the New Testament 1484 Zwingli hosts Lenten Birth of Huldrych Zwingli sausage meal in Zurich 1497 1523-1526 Birth of Philip Melanchthon Reformation of Zurich 1504 Birth of Heinrich Bullinger www.history.pcusa.org | www.presbyterianfoundation.org • 2 reformation timeline The Protestant Reformation 1524 1536 First Protestant hymnal produced by Publication of Calvin’s Luther and Johan Walter Institutes, Bullinger’s First Helvetic Confession 1524-1525 Peasants’ War in Germany 1538-1541 Calvin serves as minister 1525 in Strasbourg Luther marries Katharina von Bora 1541 Calvin returns to Geneva 1526 William Tyndale publishes New 1547 Testament in English Death of Luther Death of Henry VIII 1529 First religious war in Switzerland 1553 Burning of Servetus in Geneva 1530 Augsburg Confession published 1556 Abdication of Charles V 1531 Zwingli killed in battle, 1559-1560 Bullinger succeeds him Religious revolution in Scotland as minister of Zurich 1560 1532-1535 Death of Melanchthon Henry VIII breaks with Publication of Geneva Bible Rome and becomes head Publication of Scots Confession of Church of England 1563 1534 Publication of Heidelberg Catechism Calvin flees France, settles in Geneva www.history.pcusa.org | www.presbyterianfoundation.org • 3 reformation timeline The Protestant Reformation 1564 1619 Death of Calvin Synod of Dort develops Canons of Dort 1566 Second Helvetic 1641 Confession published Catholic rebellion in Ireland 1572 1642 St.
    [Show full text]
  • Bruce Gordon Titus Street Professor of Ecclesiastical History Yale Divinity
    Bruce Gordon Titus Street Professor of Ecclesiastical History Yale Divinity School with Secondary Appointment in the Department of History (September, 2012) 409 Prospect Street New Haven, CT 06511 Tel. (203) 432‐5355 Bruce. [email protected] ACADEMIC APPOINTMENTS 2009‐ TITUS STREET PROFESSOR OF ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY, YALE 2008‐2009 PROFESSOR OF REFORMATION HISTORY, YALE DIVINITY SCHOOL 2007‐2008 PROFESSOR OF MODERN HISTORY, UNIVERSITY OF ST ANDREWS 2002‐2007 READER IN MODERN HISTORY, UNIVERSITY OF ST ANDREWS 1994‐2002 LECTURER IN MODERN HISTORY, UNIVERSITY OF ST ANDREWS 1993‐1994 READER TEACHING ASSISTANT, KNOX COLLEGE, UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO 1990‐1992 READER FELLOW (STIPENDIAT), INSTITÜT FÜR EUROPÄISCHE GESCHICHTE, MAINZ, GERMANY Degrees 2012 DR. PHIL (H.C) UNIVERSITY OF ZURICH, SWITZERLAND 1990 PhD (St Andrews) Thesis: ‘Clerical Discipline and the Church Synods in Zurich 1532‐1580’. Supervisor Professor James K Cameron. Awarded Samuel Rutherford Prize for best doctoral dissertation in History. 1986 MA (Dalhousie University) Thesis: ‘Deus caritas est’: Four Latin Sermons of Meister Eckhart 1984 BA (Hons) (King’s College, Dalhousie University) Mediaeval Studies. First Class Honours and a University Medal. 2 AWARDS 2012 DR. PHIL (H.C) UNIVERSITY OF ZURICH, SWITZERLAND 2006 Arts and Humanities Research Board Major Research Grant for project ‘The Latin Bible in the Sixteenth Century’. £240,000 2003 Choice Magazine Award for The Swiss Reformation as an ‘Outstanding Publication’ of 2003. 1998‐1999 Research Leave funded by Arts and Humanities Research Board. 1990‐1992 Fellowship at the Institut für Europäische Geschichte, Mainz, Germany 1990 Samuel Rutherford Prize, Best Doctoral Thesis (History), University of St Andrews. 1986‐1989* Sir Harold Mitchell Research Fellowship for full funding of doctoral studies 1980‐1986 Full university scholarships for undergraduate and masters’ studies.
    [Show full text]
  • Determining the Impact of the Anabaptists Using Bullinger's
    Volume 1 Issue 1 Article 5 September 2020 Determining the Impact of the Anabaptists Using Bullinger’s Propaganda Strategies in Von dem unverschampten fräfel Jovanna Shirky West Virginia University Follow this and additional works at: https://researchrepository.wvu.edu/wvuhistoricalreview Part of the European History Commons, and the History of Religion Commons Recommended Citation Shirky, Jovanna (2020) "Determining the Impact of the Anabaptists Using Bullinger’s Propaganda Strategies in Von dem unverschampten fräfel," West Virginia University Historical Review: Vol. 1 : Iss. 1 , Article 5. Available at: https://researchrepository.wvu.edu/wvuhistoricalreview/vol1/iss1/5 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by The Research Repository @ WVU. It has been accepted for inclusion in West Virginia University Historical Review by an authorized editor of The Research Repository @ WVU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. West Virginia University Historical Review Vol. 1, Maxwell Prize Winner 2020 Determining the Impact of the Anabaptists Using Bullinger’s Propaganda Strategies in Von dem unverschampten fräfel JOVANNA SHIRKY∗ Many scholars of the Reformation contend that the Anabaptist movement did not significantly impact the society of its day. However, my analysis of Heinrich Bullinger’s anti-Anabaptist work Von dem unverschampten fräfel, ergerlichem verwyrren unnd unwarhafftem leeren der selbsgesandten Widertöuffern indicates that the Anabaptists did pose a significant threat to the socioreligious structures that both the mainstream Reformation and Catholicism endorsed. By analyzing Bullinger’s propaganda strategies within the work, I find that the beliefs and practices of the Anabaptists challenged the most basic structures of society, thus alarming Bullinger and others who opposed the movement.
    [Show full text]
  • Martin Bucer Seminar) Vol 30
    Evangelicals comprise a movement that spans practically all denominations and even and Pastor Theologian as – Martin Bucer Love of Advocate Schirrmacher Thomas confessions worldwide. Now Evangelicals are found on both sides of the old ditch Thomas Schirrmacher between established, mainline churches and free churches, between Reformed the- ology and more recent developments, and between traditional structures and all sor- ts of revivalist movements. That is reason enough to take the Reformer who already embodied, represented, and unified all of these trends in himself during the 16th century as a role model. Martin Bucer (1491-1551) was a leading illustration of the attempt to use Scripture to find what is common at a time when Christianity was be- ginning to experience the fragmentation we see today and to win back erring brothers in a friendly and sustainable manner. For a long time Bucer was the least known of the great Protestant Reformers. But in his lifetime he was as well-known as Luther and Calvin. He achieved this status without establishing a denomination or confession, but was forgotten in an age of separatism in Christianity which did not provide space for reformers who loved unity. Prof. Dr. theol. Dr. phil. Thomas Schirrmacher, PhD, ThD, DD, is professor of the sociology of religion at the State University of the West in Timisoara (Romania), Distin- guished Professor of Global Ethics and International Development at William Carey University in Shillong (Meghalaya, India), as well as president and professor of ethics at Martin Bucer European Theological Semina- Advocate of Love – ry and Research Institutes with branches in Bonn, Ber- lin, Zurich, Innsbruck, Prague, Istanbul and Sao Paolo.
    [Show full text]
  • Monthly Memory Verse May 2011
    Monthly Memory Verse May 2011 Gal 5:22-23 But the fruit of the Spirit is: love, joy, peace, long-suffering, kindness, goodness, faith, meekness, self-control. Against such things there is not a law. (Copyright © 2011, Garfield and May, All rights reserved) Publisher & Author Message May 2011 Message from the publisher and author Monthly Memory Verse and Dale’s Notes Dale’s Notes are provided to be used as an encouragement to study the context from where the monthly memory verse was selected. It’s my desire to provide some background information and practical understanding of some things, which I see within my own study of God’s word. It’s my hope through reading the notes; you will desire to study God’s word in more detail. Dale’s Notes are only a layman’s attempt to share the good news of our savior Jesus Christ through a monthly memory verse and the study of God’s word in our daily walk with the Lord. Brother in Jesus Christ, Dale Dale A. Kaye Message: I would like to give praise to the Lord Jesus Christ for our new layout. Prayer request: Shared Interests and Personal Continue to pray with me in asking God for help to provide a consistent format for the Men’s Monthly Memory Verse and Dale’s Notes. I continue to ask your prayers and encouragement to serve in this way. Please, remember my family as we make changes in our lives to honor our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ. Thank you, Dale (Copyright ©2011, Garfield and May Inc., All rights reserved) http://southtexasba.com/dalenotes.aspx Quick Bio-glance May 2011 Quick Bio-glance: Heinrich Bullinger 1504 –1575 Heinrich Bullinger (18 July 1504 – 17 September 1575) was a Swiss reformer, the successor of Huldrych Zwingli as head of the Zurich church and pastor at Grossmünster.
    [Show full text]