Basingstoke Gateway Breeding Bird Survey Report

Newlands Property Developments LLP

Basingstoke Gateway

Breeding Bird Survey Report

June 2020

Land at Oakdown Farm, Basingstoke - Breeding Bird Survey Report fpcr

FPCR Environment and Design Ltd Registered Office: Lockington Hall, Lockington, Derby DE74 2RH Company No. 07128076. [T] 01509 672772 [F] 01509 674565 [E] [email protected] [W] www.fpcr.co.uk

This report is the property of FPCR Environment and Design Ltd and is issued on the condition it is not reproduced, retained or disclosed to any unauthorised person, either wholly or in part without the written consent of FPCR Environment and Design Ltd. Ordnance Survey material is used with permission of The Controller of HMSO, Crown copyright 100018896.

Rev Issue Status Prepared / Date Approved/Date - Draft PJP / 18 .0 6.20 MEL / 29.07.2020

Breeding Bird Survey Report – Land at Oakdown Farm, Basingstoke fpcr

CONTENTS

1.0 NON-TECHNICAL SUMMARY ...... 3

2.0 INTRODUCTION ...... 4

3.0 LEGISLATION AND GUIDANCE ...... 5

4.0 METHODOLOGY ...... 6

5.0 RESULTS...... 8

6.0 DISCUSSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS ...... 13

7.0 MITIGATION, ENHANCEMENTS AND RESIDUAL EFFECTS ...... 17

TABLES

Table 1: Breeding Bird Survey Dates and Weather Conditions

Table 2: Evaluation Criteria

Table 3: NERC and/or BoCC Red- and Amber-Listed Bird Species Recorded at Land at Oakdown Farm, Basingstoke, during Breeding Bird Surveys 2020 and Their Recent Status in Hampshire

Table 4: The Conservation Value of Each Bird Species Recorded within the Site Boundary

Table 5: Habitat Requirements, Species Accounts, Nature Conservation Value, and Impact Assessment of BoCC Red/Amber-listed and S41 NERC Act Priority Species Recorded during Breeding Bird Surveys in 2020, Land at Oakdown Farm, Basingstoke

FIGURES

Figure 1: Bird Consultation Plan

Figure 2: Breeding Bird Survey Results - Locations of Notable Species

APPENDICES

Appendix A: Land at Oakdown Farm, Basingstoke – 2020, Breeding Bird Survey Results and EOAC Criteria for Categorisation of Breeding Status

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1.0 NON-TECHNICAL SUMMARY

Construction of up to 271,000sq m of commercial and industrial floorspace, with associated landscaping and highways infrastructure, is proposed on a site located on land at Oakdown Farm, Basingstoke. A series of breeding bird surveys were completed in 2020, between April and June inclusive. This report assesses the bird assemblage recorded on site, providing mitigation, compensation, and enhancement measures where relevant.

During breeding bird surveys, 30 species were recorded on-site, including nine notable species of medium to high conservation concern, with the remaining 21 species green-listed under the Birds of Conservation Concern (BoCC). The majority of these species are fairly common, widespread, or abundant birds in both Hampshire and the UK.

The application site is assessed as being of no more than local conservation value for the majority of the assemblage, with no species found in numbers considered significant at a county, regional or national level.

No statutory sites of international or national nature conservation importance, designated specifically for their breeding bird assemblages, were identified within 15km and 2km of the Application Site, respectively. Consequently, there are no ‘notable’ bird species associated with nearby statutory sites that may be a constraint to the proposals.

Impacts of development were considered for the seven most vulnerable species recorded on-site. Mitigation for loss of breeding habitat for farmland birds such as skylark and yellowhammer will include creation of new hedgerows and grassland to the southwest, the enhancement of existing linear features (hedgerows and scrub belts), and the provision of species-specific nest boxes targeted towards similarly valued species, which will result in a negligible to minor-positive residual impact for the breeding bird assemblage.

Other than in the short-term, i.e. during the construction phase, the proposals for green infrastructure and the suggested compensation methods (including installation of nest boxes), if implemented, are expected to have a minor-positive residual impact for the majority of notable species currently using the site during the breeding season, particularly generalist species such as song thrush, and dunnock, as well as several common species including blackbird, blue tit and goldfinch.

The proposed GI, as detailed in the current framework plan, aims to retain some of existing hedgerows and scrub around the boundaries of the site, and will buffer existing areas of woodland immediately adjacent to the site. Native species planting will enhance these habitats and new habitat in the form of woodland, tussock-forming grassland, and wetland areas for sustainable drainage will be created to the southwest on the opposite side of the M3.

The retention of existing vegetation and the creation of new habitats, along with the additional new resources provided to birds by the GI and nest boxes, will provide mitigation and compensation for the loss of suitable breeding and foraging habitats for many of the species recorded on-site. The proposed GI will maintain a degree of usable habitat around the site for a number of hedgerow and woodland species, providing green corridors for movement and dispersal into habitats present in the wider area.

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2.0 INTRODUCTION

The following Breeding Bird Survey Report has been prepared by FPCR Environment and Design Ltd., on behalf of Newlands Property Developments, for land either side of the M3 at Junction 7, Basingstoke, Hampshire (central OS Grid Reference SU 583 468), hereafter referred to as the ‘Application Site’ or ‘Site’. It provides results of breeding bird surveys undertaken during April, May, and June 2020.

The objectives of these surveys were to identify the breeding bird assemblage present within the Site and to identify any notable species of conservation importance that many pose potential ecological constraints to future development. The results will then be used to inform opportunities for ecological mitigation and enhancements within any future development design, with regard specifically to breeding bird species.

Site Context

The site comprises approximately 47.4ha of arable fields, woodland, and buildings with associated hardstanding bordered by hedgerows. Further parts of the site include those that will be subject to highways works and include section of woodland, road verges and hedges, and another area to the south of the M3 which will be used to create a bund made from material excavated from the development plot. One small garden pond was identified on-site, and one other was located within 250m of the application boundary after inspection of OS maps and aerial images.

The development site is situated on the south-western side of Basingstoke, to the north of the M3. The A30 forms the site’s northern boundary, although an area of hedgerows, arable fields, and woodland to the north of this road is also within the site’s red line as there are highway improvements proposed to facilitate development. The site’s eastern boundary is formed by Winchester Road which is the road interchange with Junction 7 of the M3. Beyond this is an area of woodland and Basingstoke Golf Course. The western boundary is formed by Up Street, with farm buildings and arable fields and pasture beyond.

Development Proposals

The proposals are for construction of up to 271,000sq m of commercial and industrial floorspace, specifically B8 uses supported by ancillary B1 uses.

Access will be via the A30, where highways works are proposed to ensure safe entry into the development. A number of mature trees, woodland and hedgerows within the site will be lost, as will the buildings and pond, but the majority of the boundary features will be retained and enhanced, with provision of green space, including balancing facilities, being envisaged in the north-eastern and south-western corners of the site.

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3.0 LEGISLATION AND GUIDANCE

The Wildlife & Countryside Act 1981 (as amended)

The Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 (as amended)1 is the principal legislation affording protection to UK wild birds. Under this legislation all birds, their nests and eggs are protected by law and it is an offence, with certain exceptions, to recklessly or intentionally:

• Kill, injure, or take any wild bird

• Take, damage, or destroy the nest of any wild bird, while in use or being built; and

• Take or destroy the egg of any wild bird.

Species listed on Schedule 1 of the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 (as amended) are specially protected at all times.

Natural Environment and Rural Communities (NERC) Act 2006

Several birds feature on the Natural Environment and Rural Communities (NERC) Act 2006 2, Section 41 (S41) as species which are of principal importance for the conservation of biodiversity in England. The S41 list is used to guide decision-makers, such as public bodies, including local and regional authorities, in implementing their duty under section 40 of the NERC Act, to have regard to the conservation of biodiversity in England, when carrying out their normal functions.

Non-Statutory Guidance

In addition to statutory protection, some bird species are classified according to their conservation status, such as their inclusion on the Red and Amber lists of Birds of Conservation Concern (BoCC) in the UK 3:

• Red list (high conservation concern) species are those that are Globally Threatened according to IUCN (International Union for the Conservation of Nature) criteria; those whose population has declined rapidly (50% or more) in recent years; and those that have declined historically and not shown a substantial recent recovery;

• Amber list (medium conservation concern) species are those with an unfavourable conservation status in Europe; those whose population or range has declined moderately (between 25% and 49%) in recent years; those whose population has declined historically but made a substantial recent recovery; rare breeders; and those with internationally important or localised populations; and

• Green list (low conservation concern) species that fulfil none of the above criteria.

1 http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1981/69 [Accessed August 2016] 2 http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2006/16/contents [Accessed August 2016] 3 Eaton, M., Aebischer, N., Brown, A., Hearn, R., Lock, L., Musgrove, A., Noble, D., Stroud, D. & Gregory, R. (2015). Birds of Conservation Concern 4: the population status of birds in the UK, Channel Islands and Isle of Man. British Birds 108 p 708-746

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4.0 METHODOLOGY Breeding Bird Surveys

The survey methodology employed was broadly based on that of territory mapping 4, as used by the British Trust for Ornithology (BTO). During surveys standard BTO species codes and symbols were used to denote species, activity, sex, and age (where appropriate).

The criteria used in the assessment of breeding birds has been adapted from the standard criteria proposed by the European Ornithological Atlas Committee (EOAC 5) and are grouped into four categories:

• Non-breeder e.g. flyover or observed in unsuitable habitat

• Possible breeder e.g. birds observed in suitable breeding habitat or a singing male recorded

• Probable breeder e.g. pair in suitable breeding habitat, territory defence behaviour, agitated behaviour, or nest building; and

• Confirmed breeder e.g. recently fledged young observed, adult birds carrying food for young.

The surveys were conducted to ascertain the potential of the Application Site to support bird species with an assessed conservation status as Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 Schedule I, NERC Section 41 and / or Birds of Conservation Concern Red or Amber listed species. These species are likely to be at the greatest threat in relation to further decline and are commonly referred to as ‘notable’ species.

Three breeding bird surveys were undertaken between 06:30 and 11:00 during April, May, and June 2020 (Table 1). A route was planned prior to the survey being undertaken, paying particular attention to linear features, such as hedgerows, ditches and tree lines, as well as other natural features such as scrub or waterbodies. Surveys were not undertaken in unfavourable conditions, such as heavy rain or strong wind, which may negatively affect the results. Weather conditions are provided in Table 1 below.

Table 1. Breeding Bird Survey Dates and Weather Conditions Date Sunrise Start/End Times Cloud Cover (%) Rain Wind Visibility 07.05.20 05:25 06:30 / 11:10 20% 0 1-2 Excellent 29.05.20 04:56 06:40 / 10:35 none 0 1-2 Excellent 23.06.20 04:49 06:35 / 10:30 none 0 1-2 Excellent

Assessment Methodology for Breeding Bird Surveys

The conservation value of bird populations has been measured using two separate approaches: nature conservation value and conservation status. CIEEM guidance regarding ecological impact assessment evaluates nature conservation value within a geographical context 6. To attain each level of value, an ornithological resource, or one of the features (either species population or assemblage of species) should meet the criteria set out in Table 2 below.

4 Bibby, C.J., N.D. Burgess & D.A. Hill, 2000: Bird Census Techniques:2 nd Edition. London: Academic Press 5 EOAC (1979) Categories of Breeding Bird Evidence. European Ornithological Atlas Committee. 6 CIEEM (2016). Guidelines for Ecological Impact Assessment in the UK and Ireland: Terrestrial, Freshwater and Coastal, 2 nd Edition. Chartered Institute of Ecology and Environmental Management, Winchester.

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In some cases, professional judgement may be required to increase or decrease the allocation of a specific value, based upon expertise and local knowledge. The most recent county annual bird report, The Hampshire Bird Report 20167, published by the Hampshire Ornithological Society in 2017, was also consulted to inform the assessment.

Table 2. Evaluation Criteria Nature Selection Criteria Conservation Value International A species which is part of the cited interest of an SPA and which regularly occurs in internationally or nationally important numbers.

A species present in internationally important numbers (>1% of international population). National A species which is part of the cited interest of a SSSI and which regularly occurs in nationally or regionally important numbers.

A nationally important assemblage of breeding or over-wintering species.

A species present in nationally important numbers (>1% UK population).

Rare breeding species (<300 breeding pairs in the UK). Regional Species listed as Priority Species under S41 of the NERC Act, which are not covered above, and which regularly occurs in regionally important numbers.

Species present in regionally important numbers (>1% of regional population).

Sustainable populations of species that are rare or scarce within a region.

Species on the BoCC Red List and which regularly occurs in regionally important numbers. County Species listed as Priority Species under S41 of the NERC Act which are not covered above and which regularly occurs in county important numbers.

Species present in county important numbers (>1% of county population).

Sustainable populations of species that are rare or scarce within a county, or listed as priority species for nature conservation under S41 of the NERC Act.

A site designated for its county important assemblage of birds (e.g. a SINC Site).

Species on the BoCC Red List and which regularly occur in county important numbers. Local Other species of conservation interest (e.g. all other species on the BoCC Red and Amber List or listed as Priority Species under S41 of the NERC Act which are not covered above) regularly occurring in locally sustainable populations.

Sustainable populations of species which are rare or scarce within the locality. Site Species that are common and widespread.

7 The Hampshire Bird Report 2016 The Hampshire Ornithological Society

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5.0 RESULTS

Desk Study

Statutory Sites

No internationally important statutory sites, designated specifically for their breeding bird assemblage, are present within 15km of the Application Site boundaries. There are also no statutory sites of national importance to nature conservation (e.g. SSSIs) located within 2km of the Application Site and none where their breeding bird assemblage is a qualifying feature of their designation.

Non-Statutory Sites

Three non-statutory designated Sites of Importance for Nature Conservation (SINCs) are present within 1km of the Application Site, the nearest of which are Ganderdown and Peak Copses, located immediately adjacent to the northern and eastern boundaries, respectively. However, these sites are designated for their populations of hazel dormice, not specifically for their breeding bird assemblages.

Biological Records Centre Data

While consultation with Hampshire Biological Information Centre (HBIC) did not return any records of protected or notable species within the Application boundaries, a number of records pertaining to notable bird species were identified within 1km of the Application Site (Figure 1) . These included many widespread and common species, as well as rarer species i.e. Species of Principal Importance under section 41 of the NERC Act or listed under the Wildlife and Countryside Act. These included three records of red kite Milvus milvus located between 0.27km and 0.54km south and east of the Application Site (dating between 2009 and 2015), and single records of woodcock Scolopax rusticola , and marsh tit Poecile palustris, both located 0.45km north of the Application Site, dating from 2008.

Several records of notable bird species provided by HBIC were given with low resolution, 4-figure grid references and consequently their locations relative to the Application Site could not be accurately mapped. These species included barn owl Tyto alba , merlin Falco columbarius , honey buzzard Pernis apivorus , house sparrow Passer domesticus , starling Sturnus vulgaris , song thrush Turdus philomelos , willow tit Poecile montanus , bullfinch Pyrrhula pyrrhula , and yellowhammer Emberiza citrinella

Field Survey

The site provides suitable nesting and foraging habitat for birds of open grassland, woodland edge, and farmland, in the form of hedgerows, mature trees, grassland margins, and arable land. The arable fields provide habitat for ground nesting birds such as skylark Alauda arvensis , and due to the large area and mosaic of available habitat types present within the Application Site, breeding bird surveys have been completed, the results of which are detailed below.

A total of 40 bird species were recorded within the Site boundary, and comprised nine non-breeding species, 20 possible breeding species, three probable breeding species and eight confirmed

8 KI\\9300\9312\ECO\BBS/9312 BBS Report PJP Breeding Bird Survey Report – Land at Oakdown Farm, Basingstoke fpcr breeding species. A full table of results that includes the breeding status of every species identified is provided in Appendix A.

Of the 40 observed bird species, 13 are of conservation importance, being included as either NERC Section 41 and / or BoCC red or amber listed species. Of these 13 ‘notable’ species, one species (dunnock Prunella modularis ) was recorded as a confirmed breeder and three species (skylark, bullfinch, and yellowhammer) were recorded as probable breeders. A further five species were recorded as possible breeders (kestrel Falco tinnunculus , swift Apus apus , marsh tit Poecile palustris , willow warbler Phylloscopus trochilus , and song thrush Turdus philomelos ), with the remaining four species (red kite, stock dove Columba oenas , lesser black-backed gull Larus fuscus , and herring gull L. argentatus ) all recorded as non-breeders. These are shown in Table 3 below along with their breeding status on-site, as assessed during BBS surveys, and within the county of Hampshire. The location of ‘notable’ species encountered (seen or heard) on-site are shown on Figure 2.

During the phase 1 habitat survey undertaken in March 2020 a large tree cavity was identified in a mature tree situated along hedgerow H3, which was assessed as suitable nesting habitat for barn owls. Pellets belonging to tawny owls Strix aluco were found at the base of the tree. Subsequently, a survey to ascertain the use of the tree by owls was undertaken in April 2020, which determined that an active tawny owl (amber listed) nest was present, with three chicks observed sheltering in the cavity.

One WCA Schedule I species was recorded (red kite) within, or adjacent to, the Application boundaries, however sightings were solely of individuals flying over the Site. No significant numbers of individuals, or breeding pairs, for any notable species were recorded on the Application Site during surveys.

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Table 3. NERC and/or BoCC Red- and Amber-Listed Bird Species Recorded at Land at Oakdown Farm, Basingstoke, during Breeding Bird Surveys 2020 and Their Recent Status in Hampshire

Species / Conservation Breeding Status in Survey Area Breeding Status / Species Account Scientific Name Status Hampshire † Non-breeder Common winter visitor and Herring gull Red list Herring gulls were observed on a single survey occasion (late May 2020), comprised of two individuals passage migrant; moderately Larus argentatus NERC recorded as flyovers only, both of which passed over the industrial estate at Oakdown Farm. None were common and increasing breeder observed actively utilising the site for breeding or foraging. Common visitor, mostly to inland Non-breeder Lesser black- sites, recorded in all months; Lesser black-backed gulls were only observed during a single survey (June 2020), comprised of a single backed gull Amber most numerous in autumn and individual passing over the northwest edge of site. None were observed actively utilising the site for Larus fuscus increasing in winter. Small breeding or foraging. numbers hav e bred since 2001 Possible breeder Kestrel were only encountered in small numbers during two surveys (early and late May), peaking with Common but declining resident, Kestrel Amber two individuals, recorded during the late May survey. These individuals were all observed foraging over passage migrant and winter Falco tinnunculus the arable field margins, in close proximity to mature trees situated within the boundary hedgerows, visitor which provide suitable breeding habitat. Non-breeder Red kites were recorded during two survey visits (May and June 2020), peaking at four individuals Moderately common and Red kite WCA Sch.1 observed during June. These, and the two individuals seen in May, were all observed passing over the increasing resident, passage Milvus milvus Site in flight, using rising air currents to gain height. None were observed actively utilising the site for migrant and winter visitor breeding or foraging. Non-breeder Stock Dove Stock dove were only observed during a single survey (early May 2020), comprised of a single individual Numerous resident and winter Amber Columba oenas passing over the middle of the large, southern field. None were observed actively utilising the site for visitor breeding or foraging. Confirmed breeder An active nest, with three young chicks, was identified in a mature tree located along hedgerow H3, Tawny owl Amber during a survey conducted in April 2020. While no tawny owls were recorded during subsequent breeding Common resident Strix aluco bird surveys, the recently fledged juveniles were seen along the northern boundary (H4) during other protected species surveys undertaken in May.

Breeding Bird Survey Report – Land at Oakdown Farm, Basingstoke fpcr

Species / Conservation Breeding Status in Survey Area Breeding Status / Species Account Scientific Name Status Hampshire † Possible breeder Swift were only encountered in small numbers, with a single individual recorded during the late May Swift Common but declining summer Amber survey. This single bird was observed flying in close proximity to the buildings that form the existing Apus apus visitor and passage migrant industrial estate at Oakdown Farm, located at the northern end of the arable fields, and which may provide suitable nesting sites for the species. Probable breeder Skylarks were regularly encountered on each survey in similar numbers, peaking in June with ten. These Red list Numerous but declining resident, Skylark were sporadically distributed across all four arable field compartments, but were predominantly identified NERC passage migrant and winter Alauda arvensis from the larger two fields on the western side of the Site, which are less enclosed. Skylark were observed LBAP visitor in display flights and singing from similar locations on successive months from near the western edges of the larger two field s, suggesting territory is being held on -site . Possible breeder Song thrush Red list A single song thrush was heard singing from the edge of hedgerow H10, between the two smaller field A numerous resident, passage Turdus NERC compartments in early May, while another was observed flying east across the small compartment of migrant and winter visitor philomelos LBAP semi-improved grassland at the northern end of the Site in late May. This individual was seen entering suitable woodland breeding habitat on the edge of the Site. Willow warbler Possible breeder Common but declining summer Phylloscopus Amber list A single willow warbler was encountered during the early May survey singing from within the small visitor and passage migrant trochilus compartment of deciduous woodland to the north of Roman Road . Possible breeder Marsh tit Red list A single marsh tit was encountered in June singing within the mixed woodland that forms the boundary Common but declining resident Poecile palustris NERC along the north-eastern edge of the northernmost of the field. The woodland in which it was heard provides suitable breeding habitat on the edge of the Site. Confirmed breeder A similar number of individuals (4-5) were identified on all three of the surveys and were widely distributed around the boundaries of the Site, typically in associated with hedgerows and scrub. Two birds were Dunnock Amber list recorded from the same location on sucessive months, suggesting territory is being held. Breeding was Prunella Numerous resident NERC confirmed with the observation of recently fledged juveniles, encountered during the late May and late modularis June surveys. One was located within the scrub belt bordering the northernmost of the smaller arable field compartments, between Junction 7 and the Site, while the other was observed in the woodland bordering the southern tip of the Site.

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Species / Conservation Breeding Status in Survey Area Breeding Status / Species Account Scientific Name Status Hampshire † Probable breeder Suitable breeding habitat is present on the Application Site, in the form of woodland, scrub and thick Bullfinch Amber hedgerows, with a pair observed during the late May survey in association with the woodland belt located Common but declining resident Pyrrhula pyrhula NERC along the southern edge of the Application Site. In June, a male was observed on the fence line on the and passage migrant southern boundary, while another individual was heard calling from the woodland in which the pair were seen in May. Probable breeder Yellowhammer were encountered during every survey, with numbers seemingly relatively consistent between surveys, with ten seen/heard in both late May and June. Several records were of individuals Yellowhammer Red list recorded as flyovers, observed crossing the Application Site between hedges. Yellowhammer were Emberiza Common but declining resident NERC observed and heard singing in both May and June, primarily from song posts located within hedgerows citrinella H7, H8, and H9, that border the eastern, smaller arable field compartments, as well as hedgerow H3. A pair was also seen on hedgerow H6 at the southern end of the Site, during June. This hedge provides suitable breeding habitat, suggesting breeding is likely. †The Hampshire Bird Report 2016 The Hampshire Ornithological Society.

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6.0 DISCUSSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Evaluation

Statutory Sites of Nature Conservation Importance

On-site Breeding Assemblage

The overall breeding bird assemblage recorded within the Application Site was typical of edge-of- settlement farmland, with several common and widespread, generalist woodland and garden species present. The site provides suitable nesting and foraging habitat for urban, woodland edge and farmland birds in the form of hedgerows, field margins, and arable land, with the majority of the species encountered recorded in association with these features.

The site was found to support 13 ‘notable’ species i.e. NERC section 41 and/or BoCC red/amber listed species. These included confirmed breeder dunnock; probable breeding bullfinch, skylark, and yellowhammer; and possible breeding kestrel, swift, willow warbler, marsh tit, and song thrush. It is these confirmed, probable, or possible breeding species that are arguably the most vulnerable to further decline as result of impacts arising from development, as it is these that are confirmed as, or likely to be, actively utilising breeding habitat available within the Application Site. The remaining four notable species, including red kite, stock dove, lesser black-backed gull, and herring gull, were observed either flying over the site, or outside of typical breeding habitat, and are deemed to be non-breeding species accordingly. These ‘notable’, but non-breeding species are considered unlikely to be negatively impacted by proposals.

The following values for breeding birds are based on the criteria outlined in paragraphs 4.5, 4.6 and Table 2 , which have been applied to the nine-notable confirmed, probable, and possible breeding species recorded within the Application Site boundaries. The valuations for these are presented in Table 4 below.

Few significant populations of species, or numbers of breeding pairs, were recorded during the surveys. Therefore, based on the criteria outlined in paragraphs 4.5, 4.6 and Table 2 , the breeding bird assemblage on-site is assessed predominantly as of no more than site to local level conservation value.

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Table 4. The Conservation Value of Each Bird Species Recorded Within the Site Boundary

Nature Conservation Value

Species Site Local County Regional National International

Herring gull • Lesser black-backed gull • Red kite • Kestrel • Stock Dove • Tawny owl • Swift • Skylark • Song Thrush • Willow warbler • Marsh tit • Dunnock • Bullfinch • Yellowhammer •

The assessment of the effects upon breeding bird species arising from the proposed development is based upon an understanding of each species’ ecological requirements, distribution, rarity, and vulnerability. This is informed by UK legislation (see Section 2.0 ), current national guidance (e.g. Eaton et al., 2015), county status 7,8 and an element of professional judgement.

The majority of ‘notable’ species assessed as confirmed, probable or possible breeders on site are regarded as common and widespread, both nationally and within the county of Hampshire, and as such their presence is considered typical, and would be expected on a site of this nature. As a whole, the breeding bird assemblage observed across the Application Site is considered to be of no greater than local nature conservation value. Farmland specialist species, which are likely to be impacted most at a local level, including both skylark and yellowhammer, are addressed in more detail below.

Farmland Birds

The farmland bird assemblage identified on-site lacked diversity, limited to two bird species, comprised of skylark and yellowhammer, both of which have a strong affinity with arable farmland habitat and associated features. Both species were recorded each month, with peak counts of ten for both species.

8 The Hampshire Bird Report 2016 The Hampshire Ornithological Society

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A maximum number of ten individual skylark were recorded during the late May and June surveys, with fewer observed on earlier surveys in May (seven). Song activity is known to decline as the breeding season progresses, which may have resulted in the decrease in activity recorded. Records of skylark were sporadically distributed across each of the four arable field compartments surveyed, with four instances of individuals seen displaying from, or present at, similar locations on multiple successive surveys, suggesting territory is being held through the breeding season. Skylarks are widely distributed in suitable habitat within the county, where the species was recorded from several regularly surveyed Sites, where the number of territories ranged between 13 and 30 in 20158.

Yellowhammer numbers peaked in late May and June, with ten individuals recorded within the Application Site on each survey, with only seven observed during the early May survey. These were primarily identified from along hedgerows H7, H8, and H9, that border the smaller arable field compartments on the eastern side of the site. For comparison, 176 records of yellowhammer were recorded from 96 one-kilometre grid squares across Hampshire during the breeding season of 2015. Numbers recorded ranged between two and 29 territories from 27 different sites 8.

It is therefore considered that the relatively typical numbers of both skylark and yellowhammer recorded on the Application Site, relative to other sites in Hampshire for which records are provided, are unremarkable in a countywide context and are consequently thought to be of no greater than local nature conservation value. It is important to note that the records included in the county bird reports represent only a limited selection of sites that are regularly monitored by ornithologists and it is likely that both species may be found relatively widely in Hampshire wherever suitable habitat exists.

Other Species

In addition to the above species, the impacts of the proposed development have been assessed for an additional four notable species (tawny owl, song thrush, dunnock, and bullfinch), all which were recorded on more than one survey occasion and were determined as likely to be breeding in suitable habitat present on-site. A summary of their habitat requirements, possible impacts and mitigation are discussed within Table 5 below.

The remaining four notable species (kestrel, swift, willow warbler, and marsh tit) are either still considered to be relatively widespread species, and / or were recorded in sufficiently low numbers on-site that they are unlikely to comprise a sustainable population and as such the impacts of the proposed development are considered negligible for these species.

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Table 5. Habitat requirements, Species Account, Nature Conservation Value and Impact Assessment of BoCC Red/Amber-listed and S41 NERC Act Priority Species Recorded during Breeding Bird Surveys in 2020, Land at Oakdown Farm, Basingstoke. Species Habitat requirements Characterisation of Suggested Mitigation/ Residual Impact Unmitigated Impact Compensation/Enhancements Deciduous and coniferous woodland. An Minor loss of nesting habitat through Enhanced, buffered, and appropriately managed Minor positive at a local level adaptable species that also lives in farmland loss of several interior hedgerows hedgerows, including the retention of mature trees, around and gardens where there are suitable nest- and associated mature trees, with a the site peripheries will continue to provide sufficient nesting sites. Has colonised city centres where there minor loss of foraging habitat (neutral and foraging opportunities for the existing small population Tawny owl are parks, squares and churchyards with species poor improved grassland to on-site. Provision of nest boxes on suitable mature trees will mature trees. Nests in a natural or man-made the north). also provide alternative nesting sites. hole. Structural woodland planting within the GI proposed for the land to the southwest, on the opposite side of the M3, will create further nesting and foraging opportunities. Found in a variety of habitats where there are Minor loss of nesting habitat through Enhanced, buffered, and appropriately managed Minor positive at a local level trees and bushes, gardens, parks, coniferous loss of several interior hedgerows, hedgerows retained around the site peripheries will and deciduous woodland, and hedgerows. with a minor loss of foraging habitat continue to provide sufficient nesting and foraging Song Often feeds under trees and bushes, seldom (neutral species poor improved opportunities for the existing small population on-site. thrush far from cover. grassland to the north). Structural woodland planting within the GI proposed for the southwest will create further nesting and foraging opportunities. Commonly invades a wide variety of scrub Minor loss of nesting and foraging Enhanced, buffered, and appropriately managed Minor positive at a local level type habitats. Has adapted to field habitat through loss of several interior hedgerows retained around the site peripheries will hedgerows, farms, railway embankments, hedgerows and associated field continue to provide sufficient nesting and foraging Dunnock parks, gardens, and vacant urban land. margins and arable land. opportunities for the existing small population on-site. Feeds mainly on insects but small seeds are Dunnocks readily inhabit urban areas, especially when an important winter food. established. GI including woodland and grassland to the southwest, will also provide additional habitat. Nests in woodland undergrowth, thickets, Minor loss of nesting and foraging Enhanced, buffered, and appropriately managed Minor positive at a local level shrubby areas, and thick hedges. Many of habitat through loss of several interior hedgerows retained around the site peripheries will these habitats occur on lowland farmland. hedgerows continue to provide sufficient nesting and foraging Bullfinch Also visits gardens and orchards. opportunities for the existing small population on-site. Structural woodland planting within the GI proposed for the southwest will create further nesting and foraging opportunities.

Land at Oakdown Farm, Basingstoke - Breeding Bird Survey Report fpcr

7.0 MITIGATION, ENHANCEMENTS AND RESIDUAL EFFECTS

The most likely negative effects from a residential development of this type on the assemblage recorded would be as a result of:

• Direct loss / change of breeding habitat; and

• Disturbance during construction and / or operation.

Construction Phase

The construction works most likely to disturb and impact on nesting birds is the initial ground works, vegetation clearance and any other construction activities which result in noise and vibration. The following is recommended to be included within a Construction and Environmental Management Plan:

• Removal of any vegetation suitable to support nesting birds will take place outside of the bird breeding season (March to August inclusive) to protect nesting birds and prevent an offence under the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 (as amended)

• If vegetation suitable for nesting birds is proposed for removal during the bird breeding season (March to August inclusive), it should first be inspected by a suitably qualified ecologist to ensure an offence under the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 is not committed. If an active nest is discovered, the vegetation containing the nest will remain in situ and an appropriate buffer, as stipulated by the ecologist, should be adopted until the young have fledged

• The retained hedgerows and other woody nesting habitat should be buffered and protected with Heras fencing during construction in order to protect it from accidental damage or disturbance from construction activities.

Operational Phase

Habitats to be lost as a result of the proposed development predominantly comprise the arable habitat present across all four main field compartments, which will accommodate the proposed commercial and industrial infrastructure. Internal hedgerows H3, H8, H9, H10 and H11 are likely to be lost in order to facilitate construction, along with hedgerows H1 and H16 that border the track up to the industrial estate at Oakdown Farm. In addition, part of the woodland belt on the western boundary will be removed to build road access onto the Site from Roman Road (A30). In order to compensate for these losses, areas of GI will be incorporated into the scheme, much of this proposed for the adjacent plot of land to the south of the M3, that will include additional structural planting and the creation of new habitats, including woodland, hedgerows, grassland, and sustainable drainage areas.

Generalist Species

The retention of the majority of woodland, hedgerow and associated boundary features on the Site peripheries, as well as the creation of new structural landscape planting and formal areas of GI, are likely to ensure the Site continues to support the more common and widespread NERC S41/BoCC Red & Amber listed species, such as song thrush, dunnock and bullfinch.

Breeding Bird Survey Report – Land at Oakdown Farm, Basingstoke fpcr

There is also likely to be an increase in these and other ‘notable’ species such as house sparrow Passer domesticus , and starling Sturnus vulgaris as the grassland, woodland planting, and wetland habitats, which comprise the GI, establish and mature within the Site and on the adjacent land south of the M3, providing these species with additional nesting and foraging resources. The residual effect to these birds is considered to be beneficial at a local scale, at a minor to moderate magnitude ( Table 5).

Specialist Species

The change in land use from arable fields to commercial and industrial use, will adversely affect farmland birds such as skylark and yellowhammer. Arable land is considered to provide the optimal breeding and foraging habitat for these species, particularly skylark which nest and forage preferentially within the crop itself, favouring open fields with few tall hedgerows and mature trees. However, the GI proposed for the Site, which includes areas of grassland, in addition to the management and enhancement of existing hedgerows, are likely to have at least some value for farmland species such as yellowhammer and linnet. These species prefer to nest at the base of dense hedgerows and are less dependent on farmland, being able to forage in other habitats in which suitable seed can be found.

Provision of rough grassland margins along the bases of existing and new hedgerows, which include tussock-forming species such as cock’s foot Dactylis glomerata, will provide yellowhammer with suitable foraging habitat overwinter, while patches of wild bird cover mixes, which could include oilseed rape, quinoa, mustard and / or linseed, sown within areas of GI (in association with the hedgerow margins), will provide yellowhammer with available sources of seed throughout the year.

The retention of many of the hedgerows around the Site’s peripheries, some of which provide connectivity into the wider landscape, may therefore continue to provide habitat for farmland birds such as yellowhammer, as well as linnet, facilitating dispersal into areas of suitable neighbouring habitat. As the Site is situated amongst large expanses of adjacent arable land, particularly to the north, it is possible that the relatively small populations of probable breeding skylark and yellowhammer currently present on-site will disperse into these neighbouring arable fields as the existing arable habitat is lost. Skylark were heard singing in display flights over the field immediately to the north during breeding bird surveys, suggesting the arable habitat present there suitable to support the species.

As part of the requirement to achieve a positive net gain and offset the loss of habitat as a result of the development, additional land will be sought in the local area, which will be enhanced for the benefit of biodiversity. This parcel of land will include provision of habitat suitable to support farmland birds, specifically skylark, the loss of which on-site cannot be adequately compensated for in the current landscape design. Skylark plots, undrilled patches of 16-24m 2 created at a density of 2 per hectare, across the extent of a crop or area of suitable grassland, will be implemented on this additional plot of land to provide compensatory nesting opportunities.

Further enhancement and mitigation measures are given below. If these are implemented appropriately, they would further minimise the potential negative effects of the development proposals on farmland birds and should result in a negligible – minor adverse effect in the long- term.

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To compensate for the potential loss of a proportion of the farmland specialist species, a nest box scheme is proposed that targets similarly valued NERC Section 41 and BoCC Red or Amber listed species, which typically co-habit with humans (see below). Owing to the reduction in the extent of the arable habitat on-site it is likely however that farmland species will be displaced from the majority of the Application Site post development and will consequently be adversely affected at a local level.

Other Enhancements

The majority of features present within the Site suitable for breeding birds, including hedgerows, woodland and trees around the edges of the Site are to be retained, with many of these boundary features to be enhanced through supplementary native tree and shrub planting. Preference will be given to native species, particularly those that bear fruit and seeds. Such retention and enhancement of these features will increase the availability of foraging and nesting resources for local bird populations, while appropriate management (see below) will help protect nesting birds from predation.

Where feasible within the proposed development, consideration should be given to the provision of additional enhancements for the local bird population, including the installation of a range of nest boxes in appropriate locations across the Site. A mixture of nest box types to be included, both within retained habitats or designed into the built environment, include:

• A mixture of boxes with smaller entrance holes (26mm and 32mm), placed throughout the site on suitable trees and buildings, which will provide nesting opportunities for blue tit Cyanistes caeruleus and great tit Parus major . These boxes generally have a high uptake rate

• Larger nest boxes (with a 45mm entrance hole) should be placed under the eaves of buildings, or approximately 2.5m above ground in trees, in order to provide nesting opportunities for starling; and larger terraced style or multiple single holed (32mm) nest boxes should be placed on buildings to attract house sparrows

• Small open fronted nest boxes, placed throughout the site, especially on retained mature trees which support climbing plants such as ivy Hedera helix , which provides a degree of concealment, can be used to attract robin Erithacus rubecula , blackbird Turdus merula and spotted flycatcher Muscicapa striata ; and

• A mixture of more specialised nest boxes should also be placed on retained trees and new buildings, particularly along the eastern edge, and the northern and southern tips of the Site, where the development will be of lower intensity, as well as the areas of greenspace to be created south of the M3. These should include boxes for tawny owl, stock dove, kestrel, swallow Hirundo rustica , house sparrow and swift.

The following are some suggested management practises that would be of benefit to bird species within wildlife areas and green space. These practises will also benefit other species groups including invertebrates, reptiles, and mammal.

• Appropriate enhancement and management of hedgerows will create thick structures with dense bases to help protect nesting birds from predation. Structural diversity of hedgerows will be encouraged through planting of standard trees and the implementation of a management regime (hedge laying or cutting; see below) in order to increase the diversity of nesting birds.

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• The buffered areas adjacent to hedgerows, and areas of grassland under informal management, should both be planted with a species rich grassland mix, as these provide the necessary seeds for seed specialists such as linnet and stock dove.

• Hedgerows should be managed to maximise their nature conservation potential. This would involve trimming on a three-year rotational basis once established, with any existing gaps planted up with native berry bearing tree and shrub species. Where feasible, hedgerows will benefit from the creation of wide headlands to ensure natural environments are buffered from the development and to allow for the establishment of a diverse, tussock-forming grassland habitat, which would further increase the value of the hedgerows as wildlife corridors.

• Woodland edge and scrub borders should be managed in any proposed greenspace in order to create habitat gradients which encourage ‘edge effects’, and associated micro-habitats, to form that will favour, among other wildlife, invertebrates and provide foraging opportunities for insectivorous birds.

• Similarly, incorporation into the proposals of areas sown with species-rich grassland seed mixes will result in the creation of florally diverse meadows that will support diverse assemblages of invertebrates. These in turn will provide further foraging opportunities for insectivorous bird species such as swallows, house martins Delichon urbica and starlings, as well as a number of species which have a generalist diet, or that feed their young on invertebrates, including most finches.

The proposed scheme will lead to a negligible effect on the majority of the breeding bird assemblage in the short term, with an overall minor beneficial effect in the medium to long term for generalist species, and a negligible to minor adverse impact on farmland species. As the new habitat provision matures, additional foraging and nesting resources will become available, ensuring continued use of the Site by a range of local bird populations.

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Appendix A: Basingstoke Gateway - 2020 Breeding Bird Survey Results & EOAC Criteria for Categorisation of Breeding Status

Survey Surveyor Date Cloud (%) Rain Wind Visibility

1 LC 25.05.20 20% None 1 Excellent

2 PJP 29.05.20 None None 1-2 Excellent

3 PJP 23.06.20 None None 1-2 Excellent

Species: Conservation Species: Breeding British Survey 1 Survey 2 Survey 3 Status & Latin name status 1 Common Name Protection Red-legged Possible - Alectoris rufa 1 2 - Not listed partridge H

Possible - Pheasant Phasianus colchicus 1 2 1 Not listed H

Green list Non- Red kite Milvus milvus 4 2 4 WCA Sch.1 breeder - F

Non- Sparrowhawk Accipiter nisus - - 1 Green list breeder - F

Non- Buzzard Buteo buteo - - 2 Green list breeder - F

Lesser black- Non- Larus fuscus - - 1 Amber list backed gull breeder - F

Non- Herring gull Larus argentatus - 2 - Red list breeder – F

Rock dove/Feral Non- Columba livia - 20 1 Green list pigeon breeder - F

Non- Stock dove Columba oenas 1 - - Amber list breeder - F

Possible – Woodpigeon Columba palumbus 80 59 109 Green list S, H

Possible - Swift Apus apus - 1 - Amber list H

Great spotted Possible - Dendrocopos major - 1 - Green list woodpecker H

Possible - Kestrel Falco tinnunculus 1 2 - Amber list H

Possible - Magpie Pica pica 2 3 4 Green list H

Confirmed Jackdaw Corvus monedula 21 13 12 Green list – ON

Non- Rook Corvus frugilegus 3 8 - Green list breeder - F

1 European Ornithological Atlas Committee, 1979. Categories of Breeding Bird Evidence . European Ornithological Atlas Committee.

Species: Conservation Species: Breeding British Survey 1 Survey 2 Survey 3 Status & Latin name status 1 Common Name Protection Possible – Carrion crow Corvus corone 11 15 15 Green list H

4 and Confirmed Goldcrest Regulus regulus 1 - Green list 1x family – FL

9 and 15 and Confirmed Blue tit Cyanistes caeruleus 24 Green list 6x families 3x families – FL

5 and Confirmed Great tit Parus major 10 7 Green list 1x family – FL

Possible – Coal tit Periparus ater 1 - 1 Green list H, S

Red list Possible – Marsh tit Poecile palustris - - 1 NERC S.41 H, S

Red list Probable – Skylark Alauda arvensis 9 6 10 NERC S.41 T, D

1 + 1x Confirmed Long-tailed tit Aegithalos caudatus 4 3x families Green list family -FL

Possible – Chiffchaff Phylloscopus collybita 4 4 2 Green list S, H

Possible – Willow warbler Phylloscopus trochilus 1 - - Amber list S, H

Confirmed Blackcap Sylvia atricapilla 13 9 10 Green list – ON, NY

Possible – Whitethroat Sylvia communis 2 4 2 Green list S, H

Confirmed Nuthatch Sitta europaea - 1 family - Green list – FL

Possible – Treecreeper Certhia familiaris 1 - 1 Green list H

Possible – Wren Troglodytes troglodytes 12 11 9 Green list S, H

Possible – Blackbird Turdus merula 7 10 7 Green list S, H

Red list Possible – Song thrush Turdus philomelos 1 1 - NERC S.41 S, H

Possible – Robin Erithacus rubecula 10 11 6 Green list S, H

Amber list Confirmed Dunnock Prunella modularis 5 5 4 NERC S.41 – FL

Possible – Chaffinch Fringilla coelebs 3 20 10 Green list S, H

Amber list Probable – Bullfinch Pyrrhula pyrrhula 4 2 2 NERC S.41 P

Non- Greenfinch Carduelis chloris 1 - - Green list breeder – F

Possible – Goldfinch Carduelis carduelis 3 14 1 Green list S, H

Species: Conservation Species: Breeding British Survey 1 Survey 2 Survey 3 Status & Latin name status 1 Common Name Protection Red list Probable – Yellowhammer Emberiza citronella 7 10 10 NERC S.41 P

37 species in total across Total No. Species 31 30 29 all surveys

Breeding Status evidence can be broken down into four sections, each with their own codes, as defined by the European Ornithological Atlas Committee:

Confirmed breeder DD – distraction display or injury feigning UN – used nest or eggshells found from this season FL – recently fledged young or downy young ON – adults entering or leaving nest-site in circumstances indicating occupied nest FF – adult carrying faecal sac or food for young NE – nest containing eggs NY – nest with young seen or heard

Probable breeder - Evidence accumulated during the survey indicates that the bird species is breeding on site. P – pair in suitable nesting habitat T – permanent territory (defended over at least 2 survey occasions) D – courtship and display N – visiting probable nest site A – agitated behaviour I – brood patch of incubating bird (from bird in hand) B – nest building or excavating nest-hole

Possible breeder - Evidence accumulated during the survey indicates that the bird species could be breeding on site, but the evidence is less conclusive than that obtained for probable breeders. H – observed in suitable nesting habitat S – singing male

Non-breeder F – flying over M – migrant U – summering non-breeder UH – observed in unsuitable nesting habitat

This drawing is the property of FPCR Environment and Design Ltd and is issued on the condition it is not reproduced, retained or disclosed to any unauthorised person, either wholly or in part without written consent of FPCR Environment and Design Ltd.

Key

Site Boundary

1km Search Area

HBIC Bird results v.2 Marsh Tit

Red Kite

Woodcock

Designated sites Site of Importance for Nature Conservation (SINC)

Ancient Woodland Inventory Sites

Newlands Developments LLP Basingstoke Gateway, Basingstoke

CONSULTATION PLAN

scale drawn issue OMS 2da7te/7/2020 FPCR Environment and Design Ltd, Lockington Hall, Lockington, Derby, DE74 2RH t:01509 672 772 f:01509 674 565 e: [email protected] w: www.fpcr.co.uk drawing / figure number rev masterplanning environmental assessment landscape design urban design ecology architecture arboriculture Figure 1 9312-E-01

B:\GIS Projects\9312 Oakdown Farm, Basingstoke\QGIS 2.14\PLANS\Consultation Plans\9312-E-01 Consultation Plan.qgs This drawing is the property of FPCR Environment and Design Ltd and is issued on the condition it is not reproduced, retained or disclosed to any unauthorised person, either wholly or in part without written consent of FPCR Environment and Design Ltd.

Skylark

Song Thrush

Yellowhammer BoCC Amber Listed Species Bullfinch

Dunnock Kestrel

Lesser Black-backed Gull

Stock Dove Swift Tawny Owl Willow Warbler BoCC Green Listed Species Red Kite Survey Date Refs I - Incidental Record 27.04.20 A - 07.05.20 B - 29.05.20 C - 23.06.20 Site Boundary Fly Over Only Pair symbol NERC Species of Principle Importance Schedule 1 Species Confirmed Breeder Probable Breeder Possible Breeder Non-breeder Newlands Property Developments LLP Basingstoke Gateway, Basingstoke BREEDING BIRD SURVEY RESULTS - LOCATIONS OF NOTABLE SPECIES

scale drawn issue PJP 6da/t8e /2020

FPCR Environment and Design Ltd, Lockington Hall, Lockington, Derby, DE74 2RH t:01509 672 772 f:01509 674 565 e: [email protected] w: www.fpcr.co.uk drawing / figure number rev masterplanning environmental assessment landscape design urban design ecology architecture arboriculture Figure 2 9312-E-01

J:/XXXX/XXXX/QGIS/Plans/Bird Figures/BBS/Survey Two/XXXX-E-01 Breeding Bird Survey Two Results.qgs