CMYK

Date of Publication: 26-10-2018 Regd. with RNI R.No. 71519/99; No. of Pages: 36+Cover 4 Date of Posting: 29 / 30 of every month Postal Regd. No. H-HD-GPO/024/2018-2020

Official Publication of Mining Engineers’ Association of

Price `100/-

Vol. 20 No. 4 Monthly November - 2018

Mining Engineers’ Association of India Flat-608 & 609, Raghava Ratna Towers, A-Block, VI Floor, Chirag Ali Lane, Abids, Hyderabad - 500001 Ph.: 040 - 66339625, 23200510, Email: [email protected] Website: www.meai.org

CMYK CMYK

Date of Publication: 26-10-2018 Regd. with RNI R.No. 71519/99; No. of Pages: 36+Cover 4 Date of Posting: 29 / 30 of every month Postal Regd. No. H-HD-GPO/024/2018-2020

Official Publication of Mining Engineers’ Association of India

Price `100/-

Vol. 20 No. 4 Monthly November - 2018

Mining Engineers’ Association of India Flat-608 & 609, Raghava Ratna Towers, A-Block, VI Floor, Chirag Ali Lane, Abids, Hyderabad - 500001 Ph.: 040 - 66339625, 23200510, Email: [email protected] Website: www.meai.org

CMYK Official Publication of Mining Engineers’ Association of India Vol. 20 No. 4 Monthly November - 2018 this issue contains...

President’s Message 5

Editor's Desk 7

News from the mining world 8

Geophysical Investigation Through Vertical President Electrical Sounding (Ves) for The Investigation Arun Kumar Kothari of Clay Deposit Near Village Chak Dadar, Vice President- I Vice President - II Vice President - III Tehsil Kolayat, District Bikaner (Rajasthan) 15 S.K. Pattnaik K. Madhusudhana S.N. Mathur - Dr. Neeraj Srivastava, Kamal Yadav and Shiv Kumar Lakhara3 Secretary General S. Krishnamurthy Limestone and Dolomite Deposits of Bagalkote District, , India 20 Jt.Secretary.cum.Treasurer - Yogesh M Kutre, Pramod T Hanamgond K. Umamaheswar Rao and Suraj S Mense Ex-officio Council Members MEAI News 27 T. Victor, A. Bagchhi, Dr S.K. Sarangi, Dr V.D. Rajagopal, R.P. Gupta Conferences, Seminars, Workshops etc. 38 Council Members (Elected) A.L. Thakor, A.R. Vijay Singh, C.S. Dhaveji, D.A. Hiremath, Deepak Gupta, D.K. Saxena, D.S. Maru, Dr K. Srihari, Kolli Umamaheswara Rao, Maheem Kachhwaha, Mahesh A. Bongale, M.S. Raju, Pankaj Kumar Satija, R.H. Sawkar, Correspondence Address Raghunath Singh, Rajendra Singh Rathore, Prof Sushil Bhandari, S.C. Suthar, S. Kumaraswamy, Vilas Teggi MEAI National Headquarters Contact: Secretary General, Representatives of Life Institutional Members Mining Engineers’ Association of India The India Cements Ltd (LIM No. 16) F-608 & 609, Raghavaratna Towers, ‘A’ Block, VI Floor, The Ramco Cements Ltd (LIM No. 17) Chirag Ali Lane, Abids, Hyderabad - 500 001. Gujarat Mineral Development Corporation Ltd (LIM No. 18) Ph.: 040-66339625, 23200510 Associated Mining Company Ltd (LIM No. 19) NMDC LTD (LIM No. 20) E-mail : [email protected] website : www.meai.org Council Members (Nominated) T.N. Gunaseelan, A.K. Gupta, A.K. Sinha, S.M. Bothra, Deep Krishna The Views expressed by the authors in these pages are not Council Members (Co-Opted) necessarily those of Publisher / Editor / MEAI. Reproduction Dr N.K. Nanda, Prof B.C. Sarkar, Prof B.B. Dhar, M. James, Akhilesh Joshi, in whole or in part is strictly prohibited without written Shri O.P.Gupta, Shri Ravindra Kumar Sharma permission from the publisher. Mining Engineers’ Journal, Vol. 20, No. 4 3 November 2018 Mining Engineers’ Journal, Vol. 20, No. 4 4 November 2018 President’s Message…… Dear Members, Happy Deepawali & Guru Nanak Jayanti (Prakash Parva) to all. On 21st September, the fifth council meeting for the term 2017-19 and also 3rd EGM were held at Hosapete (Karnataka). My sincere thanks to Bellary-Hospet Chapter for extending excellent hospitality and facilities to hold the meeting. The overwhelming response and constructive contribution from the Council Members resulted in the meetings a splendid success and reassuring me that the period ahead will prove to be a landmark in achieving the objectives of MEAI. The Council took several important decisions, including approval of consolidated accounts of MEAI for the Financial Year 2017-18. To help our fellow citizens who were subjected to unprecedented flood havoc in Kerala and Karnataka, our Association members from across the country dutifully decided to make monetary contribution to the Chief Minister's Distress Relief Fund of both the Kerala and Karnataka states to help the victims. A team consisting of our members at Hyderabad presented a cheque of Rs. 5,82,660 drawn in favour of the Chief Minister's Distress Relief Fund, Kerala Government to the Hon'ble Minister for Mines & Geology and Information Technology, Telangana Sri K.T. Rama Rao with a request to send the same to the Kerala Government Distress Relief Fund. Another cheque for Rs. 1,75,200 was presented by a team of our members from Bangalore Chapter to Hon'ble Chief Minister of Karnataka, drawn in favor of Karnataka Chief Ministers Distress Relief Fund, at Bengaluru. The existing legislative provisions to transfer the captive major mineral mining leases, due to various levies to be paid at the time of transfer, are proving to be great deterrents. Our Association has been strongly presenting our views on this matter before NITI Aayog and MoM for the last two years on every platform. In recognition of our effective presentations and perseverance on this matter, the Ministry of Mines, GoI constituted a committee on 19th September to review all the existing levis imposed for transferring mining leases. To address the after effects of total closer of mining activities in Goa by Hon’ble Supreme Court, our Goa Chapter organized a one-day seminar followed by a press conference on “Mining in Goa at cross roads – Way forward”. The event was given a wide publicity by both the print and electronic media compelling Hon’ble Chief Minister of Goa to take immediate necessary action to ensure restarting of mining in Goa at the earliest. During the month of October, Bellari-Hospet, Nagpur, Udaipur, Hyderabad, Jaipur and Banglore Chapters organized seminars and workshops on many important topics. Tamilnadu Chapter has also become active and called a meeting of its members to decide on future events. I attended all these events except at Jaipur and Hyderabad. Two Life Institutional Members viz. M/s SCC Ltd and M/s Mangala Associates Pvt. Ltd; 10 Fellow Members, 53 Life Members, 16 Annual Members and 16 Student Members were enrolled by approving their applications in our 5th Council meeting. We are receiving heartening response from our Council members and Life members to enroll as Fellow Members and if this response is any indication of future, we shall double the strength of Fellow Members shortly. Next Council meeting will be an important meeting where the Council will propose names of new Office-bearers and Council Members for the term 2019-21. Your presence in this meeting will greatly assist in proper recommendation of next Council, which would be setting new dimensions to our Association in future. As I always say, a resilient MEAI - technically, financially and well networked- shall go a long way in shaping the future of Indian mineral industry. Let us be generous in our contributions- financial and otherwise- to further consolidate the foundation of our Association, revitalize its Chapters and perform at its best. Jai Hind.

Arun Kumar Kothari President Mining Engineers’ Journal, Vol. 20, No. 4 5 November 2018 Mining Engineers’ Association of India Regd. Office : Rungta House, Barbil (Odisha) Presidents & Hony. Secretaries / Secretary Generals Life Institutional Members Period President Secretary/ Secretary Generals 1. Aarvee Associates, Architects, Engineers 37. National Aluminium Co. Ltd, (LIM-1) & Consultants Pvt. Ltd. (LIM-049) MINING ENGINEERS’ ASSOCIATION 38. NMDC Ltd. (LIM-20) 1957-64 B.L. Verma Late B.N. Kanwar 2. ACC Ltd (LIM-25) 1964-67 Late N.S. Claire Late R.C. B. Srivastava 39. Obulapuram Mining Co. (P) Ltd. (LIM-54) 3. A.P. Mineral Dev. Corp.Ltd., (LIM-12) 1967-68 L.A. Hill Late S. Chandra 40. Orient Cement (LIM-059) 1968-69 H.L. Chopra M.G. Jhingran 4. Aravali Minerals & 1969-70 Late S.S. Manjrekar V.S. Rao Chemical Industries (P) Ltd. (LM-048) 41. Panduronga - Timblo Industries (LIM-056) 1970-71 Late R.C.B. Srivastava M.G. Jhingran 1971-72 Late R.K. Gandhi B. Roy Chowdhury 5. Associated Mining Co., (LIM-19) 42. Pearl Mineral Ltd., (LIM-39) 1972-73 I.N. Marwaha D.D. Sharan 6. Associated Soapstone 43. Priyadarshini Cement Ltd., (LIM-5) 1973-75 Late R.S. Sastry M.S. Vig Distributing Co. (P) Ltd. (LIM-057) 1975-76 Late G.L. Tandon K.K. Biran 44. Radials International (LIM-29) 7. Minerals (LIM-64) MINING ENGINEERS’ ASSOCIATION OF INDIA 45. Rajgarhia Group of Industries (LIM - 050) 1975-76 Late G.L. Tandon K.K. Biran 8. Bharat Alloys & Energy Ltd., (LIM-36) 46. R.K. Marbles Pvt. Ltd., (LIM - 52) 1976-78 D.L. Patni A.K. Basu 9. Capstone Geo Consultants (India) Pvt. Ltd. 1978-80 R.C. Mohanty S.K. De (LIM-66) 47. Rajasthan State Mines & Minerals (LIM-053) 1980-81 M.K. Batra R.C. Dutta 1981-82 D.K. Bose S.B. Mukherjee 10. Dalmia Bharat (Cement) Ltd (LIM-71) 48. Sagar Cements Ltd., (LIM-21) 1982-83 P.R. Merh M.K. Srivastava 11. Designer Rocks (P) Ltd., (LIM-32) 49. Sandvik Asia Limited (LIM-46) 1983-86 V.S. Rao Late L.S. Sinha 1986-88 M.A.Khan D.K. Sen 12. FCI Aravali Gypsum & Minerals India Ltd. 50. Sesa Goa Ltd., (LIM-11) 1988-90 Saligram Singh A. Panigrahi (LIM-61) 1990-93 M. Fasihuddin B. Mishra 51. Shivalik Silica (LIM-72) 1993-95 K.K. Biran S. Chandrasekaran 13. Grasim Industries Ltd., (LIM-26) 52. Shree Cement Ltd. (LIM-051) 1995-97 N.S. Malliwal Dr. P.V. Rao 14. Ambuja Cements Ltd., (LIM-3) 1997-2001 T.V. Chowdary Late C.L.V.R. Anjaneyulu (S.G) 53. Shri Sharda Cold Retreads (P) Ltd., (LIM-24) 2001-2003 R.N. Singh - do - 15. Gujarat Heavy Chemicals Ltd., (LIM-6) 2003-2007 Meda Venkataiah - do - 54. Shree Engineering Services (LIM-15) 2007-2009 R.P. Gupta Late C.L.V.R. Anjaneyulu & A.S. Rao 16. Gujarat Mineral Dev. Copr Ltd. (LIM-18) 55. S.N. Mohanty (LIM-62) 2009-2011 Dr. V.D. Rajagopal A.S. Rao 17. Gujarat Sidhee Cements Ltd., (LIM-4) 2011-2013 Dr. S.K. Sarangi - do - 56. South India Mines & Minerals Industries (LIM-2) 2013-2015 A. Bagchhi Koneru Venkateswara Rao 18. Gulf Oil Corporation Ltd. (LIM-9) 2015-2017 T. Victor - do - (Formerly IDL Industries Limited.) 57. South West Mining Ltd. (LIM-40) 2017-2019 Arun Kumar Kothari Dr.H.Sarvothaman, S. Krishnamurthy 19. Hindustan Zinc Ltd. (LIM-60) 58. Sri Kumarswamy Mineral Exports (LIM-43)

Chapter Chairman Secretary 20. The India Cements Ltd. (LIM-16) 59. Sudarshan Group of Industries (LIM-047) 1. Ahmedabad P.N. Rao Pulak Mathur 21. Indian Rare Earths Ltd., (LIM-35) 60. Tata Chemicals Ltd., (LIM-7) 2. Bailadila A.K. Shukla C.V. Subrahmanyam 3. Bangalore Dr T.N. Venugopal Deepak Vidyarthi 22. J.K. Cement Ltd (LIM-058) 61. Tata Steel Limited (LIM-8) 4. Barajamda Manish Mishra R.P. Mali 23. JSW Cement Ltd. (LIM-63) 62. Terra Reserves Determination 5. Belgaum D.S. Malkai Dr.P.T. Hanamgond Technologies (P) Ltd., (LIM-055) 6. Bellary-Hospet B. Sahoo K. Prabhakar Reddy 24. Jubilee Granites India Pvt. Ltd., (LIM-23) 63. The K.C.P. Ltd., (LIM-22) 7. Bhubaneswar R.R. Satpathy Sabyasachy Mishra 25. Kariganur Mineral Mining Industry (LIM-41) 8. Dhanbad Dr.Pradeep K Singh Dr.Santosh K Ray 64. Thriveni Earthmovers (P) Ltd., (LIM-31) 9. Goa Cletus T D'souza E.Hymakar Reddy 26. Kirloskar Ferrous Industries Ltd., (LIM-33) 10. Himalayan J.L. Sud Dr. S.S. Randhawa 27. Krishna Mines (LIM-27) 65. Transworld Garnet India Pvt. Ltd. (LIM-67) 11. Hutti-Kalaburagi Prakash Shiojee Roy 66. Tungabhadra Minerals Pvt. Ltd. (LIM-42) 12. Hyderabad B.R.V.Susheel Kumar Dr. C. Narsimulu 28. Lafarge India Pvt. Ltd. (LIM-69) 13. Jabalpur D. Roy Manoj Sankar Singh 29. Madras Cements Ltd., (LIM-17) 67. The Singareni Collieries Company Ltd (LIM-73) 14. Kolkata Dr. A. Srikant Shameek Chattopadhyay 30. Manganese Ore (India) Ltd., (LIM-37) 68. UltraTech Cement Ltd., A.P. Cement Works, 15. Nagpur D K Sahni K T Parag (LIM-28) 16. New Delhi A.K. Bhandari Deepak Gupta 31. M.P.L. Parts & Services Ltd., (LIM-14) 17. Rajasthan-Jaipur P.C. Bakliwal Dr. S.K. Wadhawan 69. Ultra Tech Cement Ltd. (LIM-10) 32. MSPL Limited (LIM-30) 18. Rajasthan-Jodhpur Dr.P.C.Purohit A.K. Jaiswal 70. Veerabhadrappa Sangappa & Company (LIM-44) 19. Rajasthan-Udaipur Dr.S.S.Rathore M.S. Paliwal 33. Mysore Minerals Limited (LIM-45) 20. Raipur V.D. Mali Mukhesh Thawait 71. V. Thirupathi Naidu (LIM-34) 34. My Home Industries Limited (LIM-70) 21. Rayalaseema Jayavelu A. Anil Kumar 72. VS Lad & Sons (LIM-38) 22. Singareni B. Ramesh Kumar K. Laxminarayana 35. Maheswari Minerals (LIM-65) 23. Tamil Nadu P. Ramasamy M. Mayilarajan (Laterite Mine Owners and Traders) 73. V.V. Mineral (LIM-68) 24. Veraval-Porbandar Arun Kumar Sharma Manish Kumar Yadav 36. Mangala Associates Pvt. Ltd. (LIM-74) 74. W.B. Engineers International Pvt. Ltd., (LIM-13) 25. Visakhapatnam Prof. C. Kasipathi K. Venkata Ramana

Mining Engineers’ Journal, Vol. 20, No. 4 6 November 2018 Editor's Desk The Indian mineral industry had been long since complaining about the quality of employed geologists or those seeking employment. Echoing this sentiment, the geoscience fraternity, individually and as well as groups, have been persistently voicing their concern over the steadily deteriorating quality of geoscience education. An attempt has been made here to identify plausible reasons for this and suggest remedial measures. University Grants Commission (UGC) was constituted by an Act of Parliament in 1956, for the coordination, determination and maintenance of standards of teaching, examination and research in university education. The government, however, is preparing to repeal the UGC Act in the forthcoming winter session and replace it with Higher Education Commission of India (HECI) as the new apex regulator for the university and higher education in India with a mandate to set benchmarks for academic performance, ensure compliance by institutions and act against those that violate standards.

Dr. P.V. Rao Universities, industry, state governments, and schools will be the key stakeholders of this proposed reform. Worldwide Editor, MEJ changes to the way universities deliver academic programs are becoming more revolutionary than evolutionary. Dominant drivers of this revolution are the disruptive advances in the digital world – from data availability and advanced personal digital devices to new capabilities in data analytics. Advances in the quality and Editorial Board quantity of online teaching material will benefit students on one end, and potentially allow universities to significantly scale up teaching at the other end. While there is a growing move to build and evaluate President - MEAI Chairman individual competencies online, there will always be a place for on-campus learning experience. Reputation of universities play significant role in attracting both the staff and students. Editor - MEJ Member Recognition of geology as a fundamental science, similar to that of physics, mathematics and Publisher - MEJ Member chemistry that are generally a co-requisite for geoscience degrees is the need of the hour, as the Dr. Abani Samal Member converse is not true for other sciences. Ideally, educational institutions should design and offer broad range of geoscience programs, to produce professionally skilled geoscientists. It should also allow Dr. A.K. Sarangi Member and encourage students pursuing other basic science majors and degrees to have access to geoscience programs within their degrees. Prof. Annavarapu Srikant Member Industry, being a major employer of geoscientists, has a right to expect specific knowledge and skills Mr. P.C. Bakliwal Member in graduate geoscientists and hence need to play an important role in redesigning the syllabus. While Dr. Sahendra Singh Member some in industry criticize universities for not turning out ‘work-ready’ graduates, universities can likewise be critical of industries for not offering internship or part-time work to geoscience students Prof. S.S. Rathore Member or not offering quality professional development programs to all geoscientists employed by them. The high-cost field-based activities embedded in undergraduate programs afford students with important, Prof. Sushil Bhandari Member authentic, experiential learning opportunities at various stages of their study and prove to be one of Imm. past President- MEAI Member the defining features and major attractions of geoscience programs. Since geoscientific knowledge is critical to sustainable development of natural resources, it needs to Editor be approached comprehensively at the national level through collaborative efforts of government, educational institutes, industries, and geoscientists. Academia needs to develop curriculum that Dr. P.V. Rao imparts understanding on the causes and potential societal consequences of natural earth processes, (Off. : 040 - 23200510 ) knowledge of exploration, evaluation and production of natural resources, mineral conservation and Cell : 96180 91039 sustainable mining. Such courses, when designed and delivered pan India, will hone the skills of Email: [email protected] potential geoscientists and prepare them capable of meeting the expectations of the industry and nation at large. PUBLISHER Earth and Environmental Science (E&ES) or equivalent subjects are taught at senior school level. However, the number of students choosing E&ES at senior school and those enrolling in geoscience S. Krishnamurthy programs at universities is disheartening. Dearth of employment prospects in geosciences acting as Secretary General, a decisive factor in dodging geoscience programs by the students. Nevertheless, the situation can be Mining Engineers’ Association of India improved by endorsing and marketing geology as a fundamental and intrinsically exciting scientific Mob: 96187 43628 discipline to join. The content, delivery and character of geoscience programs must evolve in accordance with emerging subscription rates challenges in the society and industry demand. Geoscience students must develop ability to handle India Foreign ambiguity, incomplete data sets and high levels of uncertainty; and acquire profound appreciation of the long timescales and lags in systems that are essential for proper understanding of earth processes. 1. Subscription for The general skills developed should boost the students for employment outside geosciences domain. 1 Year Rs. 1000/- US$120 While designing geoscience program of the future, some sacrifice of content may be needed to provide time to develop skills that are more generic and span greater breadth within and beyond the 2. Single Copy Rs. 100/- geosciences. - Editor

Mining Engineers’ Journal, Vol. 20, No. 4 7 November 2018 News from the mining world ä 10 states offer 102 mineral blocks for auction in the onus should rest on the lessee to ensure G1-level FY19, Jharkhand tops list compliance within five years. Given the sluggish pace and scale of mineral exploration in the country, numerous identified blocks do not make "A lot of technological advancement in geophysical, the grade for auctions geochemical and aerial electromagnetic survey with deep penetration level has proved the existence of Ten mineral-laden states have queued up 102 blocks mineral resources below surface up to 70-80 per cent for electronic auctions in this financial year. With 20 accuracy level. Even G2 level exploration does not blocks, Jharkhand has the largest number of deposits provide reserve estimation so accurately," said a senior on offer. Rajasthan comes second with 16 blocks, while official with a steel company. Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra have readied 13 each. Most of the available mineral blocks in the country could not be upgraded to G2 or G3 level because of constraints Among the queued blocks, 42 are of limestone, followed in exploration. India figures among the least explored by bauxite (19), manganese ore (11), copper (8), iron countries where mineral exploratory activity is limited to two central government agencies -- Geological Survey ore (6), graphite (6), zinc (3) and two each for emerald of India (GSI) and Mineral Exploration Corporation Ltd and gold. (MECL). Though the state directorates of mining and geology are also tasked with exploration work, most of Since the enactment of the amended Mines and them are wanting in expertise, manpower or both. Minerals (Development & Regulation), 2015, and framing of Mineral Auction Rules, 50 blocks have been Mineral block auctions in the pipeline successfully auctioned. Karnataka has auctioned 12 Jharkhand: 20; Rajasthan: 16; Madhya Pradesh: 13; iron ore blocks, the most by any mineral-rich state. Maharashtra: 13; Chhattisgarh: 9; Gujarat: 8; Karnataka: Six blocks have been auctioned apiece in Rajasthan, 8; Assam: 4; Telangana: 3; Total: 102 Jharkhand and Madhya Pradesh. The new MMDR Source: Union mines ministry data Act killed the long-standing practice of discretionary Jayajit Dash, BS, Bhubaneswar | October 2, 2018 allotments of mineral leases, switching to a transparent system of allocations through auctions. ä Key miners in Odisha look to ramp up iron ore production on firm demand Data by the Union mines ministry show total revenue to According to a recent report by CARE Ratings, iron ore accrue to states from these auctioned blocks over the production in the country is projected to rise by 2-5% in 50-year leasehold tenure is estimated at Rs 1.81 trillion. this financial year The revenue projection envisaged includes royalty and contributions by lessees towards District Mineral Key merchant miners in Odisha are looking at scaling Foundation (DMF) and National Mineral Exploration up their iron ore mining capacities because of robust Trust (NMET). demand. Apart from the firm demand from end-use industries, buoyancy in prices is spurring miners to Auctions of mineral blocks have hit the slow lane. Rules expand output. mandate that only those blocks that have been explored up to the G2 level are eligible for online auctions. Given KJS Ahluwalia, a major non-captive miner, has sought the sluggish pace and scale of mineral exploration in green clearance to raise capacity at its Nuagaon the country, numerous identified blocks do not make the iron ore mines from 5.62 million tonnes per annum grade for auctions. Steel and other end-use industries (Mtpa) to 7.99 Mtpa. The miner is also keen to install have been feverishly pitching for relaxing this norm, a beneficiation plant with two-Mtpa capacity along with which has held up the pace of auctions. They feel the crusher and screen plants. The facilities are to come up G2 level norm is a detriment to the smooth conduct of within the miner's leasehold area. e-auctions by states. Instead, they have suggested that the rigidity of the G2 norm needs to be reviewed since Aditya Birla Group-owned Essel Mining & Industries there is a provision contained in Rule 8 of Minerals Ltd, too, has proposed to enhance the capacity of its (Evidence of Mineral Contents) Rules, 2015. As a Koira iron ore mines from four to six Mtpa. The public remedy, they have suggested that mineral blocks of hearing for the proposed expansion is scheduled for adequate dimensions can be put up for auctions and October 30.

Mining Engineers’ Journal, Vol. 20, No. 4 8 November 2018 Besides, Thakurani Iron Ore Mines, under the leasehold 26 non-captive miners in the state despatched 67 of Kaypee Enterprises, has sought to expand its Mt, denoting 65.79 per cent of their approved EC production capacity from 5.5 to 7.99 Mtpa. (environment clearance) limit of 101.96 Mt. Iron ore despatches have been well below the agreed EC limits "Demand continues to be strong in both the domestic as between FY14 and FY18, they never exceeded 70 and international markets. Miners are scaling up to per cent. meet the enhanced demand as outlook is firm", said a Jayajit Dash, BS, Bhubaneswar | September 29, 2018 mining industry source. ä HCL gets govt nod for mining expansion According to a recent report by CARE Ratings, iron State-owned Hindustan Copper Ltd (HCL) has ore production in the country is projected to strengthen received government approval to increase its mine by two-to-five per cent in this financial year on stable expansion plans to 20 million tonne from the earlier demand from infrastructure and automobile industries. planned level of 12.4 million tonne at an investment Iron ore production in the last financial year was 210 of Rs 5,500 crore in the next six years. “Our mining million tonnes, a growth of nine per cent year-on-year. capacity will be increased by around six times from its present production capacity in next six years. Total Of late, iron ore prices have been on a rampage in capital outlay of the above expansion projects is Rs the domestic market. NMDC Ltd, the largest producer, 5,500 crore,” HCL chairman Santosh Sharma told announced its second price hike for September recently. shareholders during its 51st annual general meeting. The central PSE raised the price of lumps by 8.4 per cent to Rs 3,850 per tonne, and those of fines by 6.43 per cent to Rs 3,310 a tonne. To meet the company’s funding needs for these projects, Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs, has The company ascribed the price hike to lower production already given its approval to HCL for issuing some due to rains, robust demand for ore and firming up of 13,87,82,700 fresh equity shares to the extent of 15% steel and sponge iron prices. of paid up equity capital of face value of Rs 5 each through the Qualified Institutional Placement (QIP) Iron ore fines prices have soared 80 per cent in Odisha route. HCL will use the proceeds of QIP to meet its between June and September despite international capex plan, the official said. prices staying range bound. Fines prices till the last round of hike soared from Rs 1,862 to Rs 3,350. Lumps He said about half of the work on the company’s flagship prices, too, had moved up 29 per cent in the period project, Malanjkhand underground mine of annual under review, increasing from Rs 4,094 to Rs 5,300 per capacity of 50 lakh tonne has been completed. Plans tonne. By contrast, prices of benchmark Fe-62 grade have been firmed up to commence ore production fines inched up moderately from $63.95 to $66.2 per from the underground mine in the coming fiscal year. tonne. Similarly, tenders have been issued for construction and operation of Chapri- Sidheswar, a new mine at Some end-user industries in Odisha feel merchant Ghatsila with an annual production capacity of 1.5 miners were pressuring iron ore prices by producing million tonne. HCL has also earmarked Rs 200 crore below the approved EC (environment clearance) limits. has to undertake in-depth exploration across the Odisha is the biggest iron ore producer- the state company’s mining lease areas, he added. logged 102 million tonnes of output in 2017-18. While investment in upcoming infrastructure projects and increased government spend on housing, rural and railway electrification, is tipped to raise rate of growth of copper consumption to around 6-7% in 2018, the domestic copper industry is facing a major challenge due to a surge in imports of refined copper from the countries we have Free Trade Agreements. The imports have increased to around 2.5 lakh tonne in 2017-18 or roughly around a third of the domestic demand from 65,000 tonne in the 2010-11.

The state has an approved iron ore mining capacity While refined copper production during 2017-18 was of 163.8 Mtpa. Of this, the merchant or non-captive at 8.43 lakh tonne as compared to 7.98 lakh tonne in lessees have approvals to mine 118.35 Mt. In FY18, FY 2016-17 the consumption of refined copperas w

Mining Engineers’ Journal, Vol. 20, No. 4 9 November 2018 around 6.6 lakh tonne in 2017-18 compared to 6.5 lakh ä Misplaced priorities? DMF funds in Odisha fail to tonne in 2016-17. benefit mining-affected Rakhi Mazumdar, ET Bureau | September 28, 2018 According to a report by an NGO, "The trends prove that DMF is deviating from its people-centric objective ä FIMI seeks govt support for iron ore export from and is failing to serve the intended beneficiaries" Karnataka Apex mineral body FIMI Thursday sought government The power supply of greenfield airport at Jharsuguda, support to open up Karnataka's iron ore-rich mining which Prime Minister Narendra Modi inaugurated industry, which cannot export the mineral due to a last Saturday, is funded by proceeds from the District Supreme Court ruling. In this regard, Federation of Mineral Foundation (DMF). A sum of Rs 132 million Indian Mineral Industries (FIMI) said it has also written has been provided for the airport's power supply - this letters to Ministries of Steel, Mines, Commerce and the is four times the allocations made to address nutrition NITI Aayog. and development issues in the district.

India has set up a target to ramp up its steel-making The misplaced focus in spending DMF funds presents capacity to 300 million tonne (MT) by 2030-31, FIMI a sombre picture. In Jharsuguda, the under-five said, adding that in order to achieve this aim, the mortality rate (U5MR) is 53 per 1,000 live births, while country would also need proportionate quantity of raw 38 per cent of the children under five is stunted. But materials like iron ore and coal. "Iron ore is abundantly Jharsuguda isn't an aberration. available in India. Going by the latest United Nations classification framework, India has proven reserve of A study by the NGO Centre for Science & Environment 28 billion tonnes of iron ore... and Karnataka is one of the major iron ore producing states. At present, it throws up some disturbing findings. In Sundargarh, one (Karnataka) cannot export iron ore due to a Supreme of Odisha's top mining districts, a paltry Rs 30 million, Court ruling," FIMI said in a statement. The body said out of the district's total sanction of Rs 7.45 billion, has it requests the government to take immediate steps so been earmarked for child development. In Sundargarh that iron ore export can take place. too, the U5MR is high at 67 and nearly 50 per cent of the students are stunted. In Keonjhar, another prolific This way Karnataka will also be able to contribute to mining district, 96 per cent of the Rs 3.83 billion health the 300 million tonne steel production target as most of sanctions is set aside for construction of a medical the steel plants are based out of Karnataka, FIMI said. college. Even though there is enough iron ore in India, import is still is taking place, the body said, adding that a steel "The trends prove that DMF is deviating from its people- plant in Karnataka is also buying iron ore from outside centric objective and is failing to serve the intended the state. beneficiaries. Both in terms of administration and fund use, it is increasingly becoming indistinguishable The low import duty of 2.5 per cent on iron ore is also from any other general development fund. The most pushing steel plants to bring in shiploads of iron ore problematic aspect is that some of these are also going from other countries. "We welcome... the steps taken against the spirit of the legal provisions guiding DMF," by the government to limit the fall in value of the rupee the report observed. against US dollar. FIMI would also like to invite the centre's attention to certain facts requiring urgent Odisha boasts of the highest collections under the DMF. remedial measures," the body said in the letter. At the end of March 2018, the cumulative contributions to the state's DMF stood at Rs 44.53 billion- this is The import of iron ore is also "non-essential" for the 24.75 per cent of the nationwide collection of Rs economy since domestic ore production is well in 179.91 billion. Most of the DMF investments have excess if domestic consumption. Export of iron ore from Karnataka can help government in checking been parked in areas which do not benefit the people current account deficit (CAD), and government must affected by mining. The CSE study establishes that take appropriate steps to encourage export of iron ore less than two per cent of Odisha's DMF sanctions has from the state, the letter said. gone into women and child development, a critical area impacting most mining districts. Physical infrastructure FIMI has also demanded an increase in import duty is the top focus area, it has absorbed 34 per cent of the on iron ore and iron ore pellets to 30 per cent to check sanctioned DMF funds. Drinking water supply (25.2 per imports. cent), healthcare (17.7 per cent) and education (10.5 PTI | September 27, 2018 per cent) form the other important sectors.

Mining Engineers’ Journal, Vol. 20, No. 4 10 November 2018 DMF are trusts set up in the districts affected by mining, ä Primary aluminium producers facing severe coal meant to be used for the welfare of the local population. crisis, high power cost: AAI Mining firms contribute to these non-profit bodies. According to AAI, the aluminium producers have to import the dry fuel which leads to increased cost of The sanctions in all the districts clearly show the lack production of a systematic planning approach prioritizing the need of mining-affected people and taking into account the A sharp fall in availability of coal has left aluminium ground realities. Ironically, even after being the richest producers having captive plants with no option but to state in terms of receiving Compensatory Afforestation import the dry fuel, thereby sharply increasing the cost Fund Management and Planning Authority (CAMPA) of production, an industry body has said. "Primary funding, districts in Odisha also sanctioned a total of Rs aluminium producers are facing severe coal crisis. 94 million for afforestation from DMF funds. Between There is a severe fall in coal supply. Sufficient amount 2012-13 and 2016-17, Rs 13.75 billion of CAMPA funds of coal is not being supplied to the captive power producers," an official at Aluminium Association of have been released into the state. India (AAI) said. An Odisha government official, however, said the Another issue which the industry is facing is high emphasis of DMF funds was on core infrastructure and rates of power. Players who are buying power from health allocations. states are buying it at spot prices, it said. The price for production of one tonne of aluminium has gone up "Such projects will benefit the mining affected people by USD 237 per tonne due to increase in power costs in the near future. Women and children are already and imported coal, the member of the association said. profiting from many schemes of the state financed by Power constitutes 40 per cent of overall production its Budget," the official said. cost for aluminium producers. "Spot power prices are getting out of hand. On Monday they touched over an Project Monitoring Units (PMUs) have been established eight-year high of Rs 14.08 per unit in the day," the in the state's top five mining districts- Keonjhar, association said. Sundargarh, Angul, Jharsuguda and Jajpur. These PMUs are being managed by top consultants like The government must come forward to address the EY and PricewaterhouseCoopers (PwC). There is two prime issues the industry players are facing at no dedicated office yet though one official has been the moment, AAI said, adding that a large amount of identified as the DMF in-charge in Sundargarh district. coal is being diverted to independent power producers Jayajit Dash, BS, Bhubaneswar | September 25, 2018 (IPPs). Press Trust of India, BS, New Delhi | Sep. 20, 2018 ä Coal India pushes back 1 billion tonnes output target by 6 years to 2026 ä NLC to invest Rs 1,290 bn to ramp up mining, power Coal India (CIL) has officially pushed back a target generation capacity to produce 1 billion tonnes annually by six years to The company plans to increase its total power-producing 2026. The goal will be achieved by 2025-26 because capacity from the current 4,731 MW to 21,011 MW of changes in the country’s carbon emission targets, sluggish industrial growth, changing energy mix, NLC India Limited plans to invest Rs 1,290 billion to add new production capacity in mining and power environmental challenges and difficulties in acquiring generation by 2025. The company, which traditionally land, the state-owned company said in a report. focused on lignite and coal-based power, also plans to Another factor was the changing trend in the country’s set up renewable energy projects which can generate coal demand. power up to 4251 MW.

The Ministry of Coal has hired a consultant to prepare The total power-producing capacity of NLC, earlier a Vision 2030 document for the coal sector, taking into known as Neyveli Lignite Corporation, is expected to account the likely demand under various scenarios, go up from 4,731 MW as on June 30, 2018, to 21,011 views of the Ministry of Power and the impact of the MW with an addition of 16,280 MW by 2025, from Paris Agreement of December 2015 to combat climate various sources of power generation, according to the change. company. The plan also includes the investments it Debjoy Sengupta, ET Bureau | September 25, 2018 would make through subsidiaries and joint ventures.

Mining Engineers’ Journal, Vol. 20, No. 4 11 November 2018 By 2025, the company plans to double the lignite- be liable to the goods and services tax (GST) at the based power from the current 3,240 MW capacity with rate applicable on the supply of the extracted raw the addition of another 3,540 MW, while the coal-based material, the Haryana Authority for Advance Rulings power generation would be increased multifold, from has ruled. The decision should ease the mining sector’s the 1,000 MW as on the end of June, this year, with tax burden and clear the ambiguity over whether such another 5,980 MW. rights are liable to be taxed at the rate applicable to the supply of these minerals or at a higher residual rate of The renewable sector would see a major investment, 18%. as the capacity is expected to go up from 491 MW as on June, with an addition of 3,760 MW by 2025. The The ruling was given on an application filed by Pioneer company would also look at acquiring power assets to Partners, engaged in mining of boulders and extraction add capacities to the tune of around 3,000 MW during of minerals, which had secured a mining licence from the period. In terms of the medium-term plan, NLC the Haryana government in lieu of which royalty was plans to ramp up the capacity by 6,660 MW, mainly being paid. The applicant sought to know whether such through the acquisition of power assets to the tune royalty payment on account of mining rights was liable of around 3,000 MW and increasing the renewable to tax in the hands of the applicant under the reverse business to 2,760 MW. However, lignite-based power charge mechanism — where the recipient of goods/ production will add a meagre 900 MW and no new services is required to pay tax instead of the supplier capacity will be added in the coal-based power facilities — and if so, the rate applicable — 5% valid on supply during the period. of minerals or the residual 18%. At present, the company is working on four lignite The AAR held that such rights granted by the projects to add 8.55 MW. With an investment of around government would qualify as a service liable to tax at Rs 17.45 billion, all of these projects are expected the rate applicable to the supply of the mineral being to be completed on or before September 2019. Two mined, which is 5% in the present case. In light of the upcoming projects in lignite - Palayamkottai and Vellar specific notification providing for reverse charge liability and the third mine in Neyveli - would add 11.5 MT on services received from the government, it also held capacity each, with an investment of around Rs 108.72 billion in March 2022 and March 2021 respectively. that the applicant must pay tax on such royalty or rent paid. In terms of coal projects, two coal blocks - Talabira II and III and South Pachwara, are expected to come up with In many cases, GST paid became a cost for the 20 and 11 MW capacity with an investment of Rs 24.01 businesses where the products were either outside billion and 17.95 billion, respectively. The ongoing and the ambit of the tax — such as petroleum products upcoming projects in the lignite power production are — or were used for activities exempt from GST, such expected to be around 3,540 MW with an investment as power generation. Companies that have paid tax of around Rs 283.72 billion. In the coal-based thermal on such rights at 18% may explore the possibility of power stations, it is expected to add around 5,980 MW claiming a refund of the excess amount if it has not with a total investment of around Rs 521.72 billion. In been claimed as input credit. “This is one of the rare Tamil Nadu, 3560 MW of renewable energy, including rulings in favour of industry and it would be interesting solar systems of around 909 MW, are to be added. to see if the authorities would appeal against it or The company would spend Rs 160.95 billion for the consider making changes in the rate schedule itself,” completion of the projects, the last one scheduled to said Siddharth Mehta, indirect tax partner at PwC be executed in September 2020. India.

The company has been rated as the highest by various “Royalty paid to the government for various rights, credit rating agencies. Its outstanding loans has grown amount paid for telecom spectrum, etc., are generally to Rs 87.20 billion during the year 2017-18 compared perceived as non-taxable payments by dealers. This to Rs 69.59 billion during the previous year. It has ruling obviates doubts about their taxability and has employed Rs 151.98 billion capital during 2017-18, as rightly held that royalty paid for mining rights is eligible against Rs 125.01 billion during the previous financial to tax,” said Harpreet Singh, a partner at KPMG. year. T E Narasimhan, BS, Chennai | Sep. 19, 2018 The Authority for Advance Rulings is a quasi-judicial body that assesses the potential tax liabilities for ä Mineral mining rights liable to GST: AAR transactions beforehand. Mineral mining rights granted by the government will Deepshikha Sikarwar, ET Bureau | Sep. 25, 2018

Mining Engineers’ Journal, Vol. 20, No. 4 12 November 2018 Our New Fellow Members

Sri Ravi Chandran Raj Sri P.V. Krishnaiah Yadav Dr. T.N. Venugopal Sri Cletus T.D’ Souza Sri Mahesh A. Bongale (FM.90/GEN) (FM.91/RS) (FM.92/BANG) (FM.93/GOA) (FM.94/GOA)

Sri B. Sahoo Sri Sanjay Kumar Pattnaik Sri S.L. Borana Dr. S.K. Yadav Sri Rachappa M. Saradagi (FM.95/BH) (FM.96/BJ) (FM.97/JOD) (FM.98/JOD) (FM.99/BEL)

A LAUDABLE MOMENT TO REMEMBER

MEAI delegation led by its past president Sri T.V. Chowdary, Chairman Hyderabad Chapter Sri BRV Susheel Kumar, Director (Technical) NMDC Ltd and Council member Dr. N.K. Nanda and Sri. S. Krishnamurthy, Secretary General handed over a cheque of Rs. 5,82,660 for Kerala Chief Minister’s Distress Relief Fund to Minister of Mines, Govt. of Telangana on 1st October 2018. Prior to this MEAI sent a cheque of Rs. 1,75,200 for Karnataka Chief Minister’s Distress Relief Fund.

Mining Engineers’ Journal, Vol. 20, No. 4 13 November 2018 Mining Engineers’ Journal, Vol. 20, No. 4 14 November 2018 GEOPHYSICAL INVESTIGATION THROUGH VERTICAL ELECTRICAL SOUNDING (VES) FOR THE INVESTIGATION OF CLAY DEPOSIT NEAR VILLAGE CHAK DADAR, TEHSIL KOLAYAT, DISTRICT BIKANER (RAJASTHAN) Dr. Neeraj Srivastava1, Kamal Yadav2 and Shiv Kumar Lakhara3 Abstract Geophysical investigation based on Electrical resistivity survey employing the vertical electrical sounding (VES) technique was carried out to investigate the depth and thickness of clay bed and other lithostratigraphic layers near village-Chak Dadar, Tehsil - Kolayat, District – Bikaner, Rajasthan. Forty Five (45) vertical electrical soundings (VES) were recorded at five different rows and readings were taken using Schlumberger array. The data obtained was interpreted to determine the apparent resistivity and thickness of each geo-electric layer. The subsurface lithology of study area includes topsoil (Alluvium), calcareous grit, marl, ferruginous clayey band, and friable sandstone and clay beds. Minimum three geo-electric layers and a maximum five geo-electric layers were delineated up to a depth of 50 m by keeping current electrode spacing up to 150 m. The clay bed was detected in every VES stations with resistivity values ranging between 2 - 100 Ωm and maximum thicknesses recorded was 47 m. The data of VES was further compared with the core drill hole log and frond that there was 85% to 90% resemblance between both the data.

Keywords - VES (Vertical Electrical Sounding), Schlumberger array, Clay, Investigation

INTRODUCTION clay raised in an efficient way by taking care of mine safety Clay is an important industrial mineral of economic interest. and esthetical beauty of the environment. Organized mining Its specific properties of fine particle size, platy nature, companies required to explore the mineral in cost and time inertness, non-toxicity, as well as high brightness and effective way. They are adopting new taste of investigation whiteness make it a more versatile mineral, with applications technique known as Vertical Electrical Sounding, a well- in a wide variety of industries. The clay mineral resources known geophysical method. are found as sedimentary deposits and as weathering or hydrothermal alteration product of rocks containing a high The reason behind the adoption of geophysical method is proportion of alumino-silicate minerals. that the earlier techniques used to be done either by digging vertical man hole (a narrow well of 1 meter diameter) and In domestic life, clay is used extensively as earth ware, core drilling. Vertical man hole obviously intersects different chinaware, cooking ware; vases, plumbing fixtures, tiles litho- sequence however; is a most risky affair. Core drilling porcelain ware and ornaments. In building, it is used for is a rarely adopted method due to time taken and cost bricks; floor tiles, sewer pipes, cement manufacture etc. It involvement. To overcome safety issues, time delay and high is also useful in the electrical industry for manufacture of cost of mineral investigation the VES play a significant role. conducts sockets, insulators and switches. Vertical electrical sounding (VES) technique has been used to delineate clay deposit by measuring the vertical alteration The clay minerals of Kolayat region belongs to Bikaner district of electrical resistivity of various subsurface lithologies or of Rajasthan and is deposited in several kilometers. It is rock types. This paper tends to represent the significance, extended from Deh in North to Kolayat in South and similarly effectiveness and accuracy of the technique by making Indo Ka Bala in East to Chak Khuddi in West. The Kolayat comparison with borehole data of the same region. region witnessed the clay mining from last six decades when conventional way of mining will be the only natural choice. LOCATION OF STUDY AREA With technological advancement production of the mineral The study area falls in Survey of India toposheet 45.

1 2 3Envirogreen Consultants (India) Pvt. Ltd. 1-B, Machla Magra, Near Patel Circle, Udaipur-313001 (Rajasthan) E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected] Original manuscript received:14-5-2018; peer reviewed and accepted: 2-7-2018

Mining Engineers’ Journal, Vol. 20, No. 4 15 November 2018 observed in northern and western fringe. These sequences of litho-units are formed under the continental fluvial, eolian, arid facies, prevailing from Pliestocene to recent age.

The Marh formation belonging to upper Paleocene is directly overlain by Kolayat formation in study area at a depth of 5.5 to 7 m. Its significant evidence is enumerated by presence of five clay beds parted by either by sandstone (friable) bed or by ferruginous band. The strike of all the litho-stratigraphic sequence within the study area is NNE-SSW (05°-185°) and dipping at an angle of 4°-7° westerly.

The area seems to be dominated by structural disturbances. Figure 1: Location Map of Study Area The structural disturbances resulted in faulting. Also due to diagenesis, the clay bed and friable sandstone bed got It is 14 km far from Kolayat in North West direction and compacted & folded. located near village Chak Dadar, Tehsil - Kolayat, District – Bikaner, Rajasthan. The study area is located about 60 Km Lithological units exposed in the study area are as under: SW of District Headquarter and approachable by road from Alluvium/ Soil (1.0 to 3.5 m) National Highway No. 15 (Fig. 1). Calcareous Grit/ Lime Kankar (0.5 to 1.5 m) Marl (0.0 to 0.5 m) GEOLOGICAL SETUP OF STUDY AREA A. Regional Geology of Kolayat Region Ferruginous Band (10 to 25 Cms) The Kolayat region witnessed marine transgression during Friable Sandstone (2 to 3.0 m; Pinkish in Color) the lower Tertiary. The encroachment of sea was through ------Unconformity ------an embayment, which came into existence during the close Two Clay Beds (1.5 to 4.5 m each; Separated by of Mesozoic between the two fault-bounded ridges trending Ferruginous Band) ESE-WNW. The litho-Stratigraphic sequence of rock Ferruginous Band (15 to 20 Cms)/ Friable Sandstone formations in the area is based on the study of outcrops at (2 to 4.0 m; Brownish & Purple red in Color) 0 0 0 0 Kolayat (27 57’:72 57’) and Marh (27 52’:72 56’) as well as Clay Beds (3 to 5.0 m) from the subsurface data from Palana (270 51’:730 17’). The Friable Sandstone (3 to 4.0 m; Brownish Yellow in Color)/ tertiary sequence established on the basis of the surface Ferruginous Band (10 to 30 Cms) and subsurface data comprises four formations (from older to younger); Palana formation, Marh Formation, Jogira Clay Beds (4 to 8.0 m) Formation and Kolayat Formation. Blown sand, alluvial Friable Sandstone (3 to 5.5 m; Brownish red in Color) sand and gypsite beds overlie the sequence and form the Four Clay Beds (2.0 to 4.5 m each; Separated by Pleistocene and Recent deposits. Ferruginous Band) ------Basement Not Exposed------Total 350 m thickness has been worked out through the base of the Palana Formation. It was confirmed up to a few METHOD OF INVESTIGATION- VERTICAL ELECTRICAL depths by opencast mines of clay situated near Chak Dadar, SOUNDING Marh and Kotri villages. The electrical properties of the subsurface were obtained through vertical electrical soundings (VES) also known In the Kolayat region tertiary rock exposures are found only as “Electrical drilling”. According to standard procedure in in certain places as detached outcrops. The sedimentation Schlumberger configuration, the electrodes were moved started with the deposition of the Palana Formation of in steps further out from a fixed center in order to achieve Paleocene to Lower Eocene. greater current penetration into the ground. The essence of VES is to expand current electrode spacing from a fixed B. Local Geology of the Study Area center, as larger spacing results in deeper penetration of The upper litho-stratigraphic sequences of study area belong electricity into the ground. This method involves the supply to Kolayat formation. Uppermost exposed litho unit of Kolayat of direct current or low-frequency alternating current into formation is blown sand and alluvium which is underlain by the ground through the pair of current electrodes and the sandy calcareous grit or lime kankar, and is very thin layer of measurement of the resulting potential through another marl (0.5m) at some places. An irregular stratum of quartzite pair of electrode called potential electrodes. Since the (friable) exists in most parts of the study area and clearly range current is known and the potential can be measured,

Mining Engineers’ Journal, Vol. 20, No. 4 16 November 2018 an apparent resistivity can be calculated. Then the value and to identify litho sequences. Each litho sequence offer were interpretated to determine the true resistivities and particular resistivity value and with the help of resistivity thicknesses of the subsurface layers. The resistivity of data and geology of the area it is possible to determine the subsurface layer is a function of the magnitude of the subsurface lithology of that particular area. The geo-electric current, the recorded potential difference and the geometry cross-sections prepared reflect both lateral and vertical of the electrode array used. variations in resistivity which is compared with the core log data of the study area. The depth of penetration is proportional to the Schlumberger array which uses closely spaced potential electrodes and GEOELECTRIC CROSS SECTIONS AND COMPARISOION widely spaced current electrodes. In general, the depth of WITH CORE DRILL DATA penetration is small in this method and only shallow (limited Data were collected on total 5 profiles i. e. AA’, BB’, CC’, DD’ up to 100 m for higher accuracy) subsurface layers have and EE’ (Fig. 2a) across the strike by keeping spacing of 100 been surveyed. m between both the VES stations and profile lines.

Figure 2a: VES stations and Borehole locations in study area Figure 3: Geo-electric Sections BB’ and DD’

Total 45 Vertical Electrical Soundings (Fig.2a & b) were Geo-electric cross sections were drawn on the above recorded by using Aquameter CRM-Auto C resistivity meter mentioned profile lines and interpreted. It was found that the and five geo-electric profiles have been created across whole area was mineralized with clay mineral. In the present strike with line spacing of 100 m. study, VES data of the profile B-B’ and DD’ (Fig. 3) have been taken to compare our VES data with the core drill data which was already executed at these profile lines.

Interpretation of VES data at Profile Section B-B’: At B-B’ section total 9 VES station were recorded i.e. VES-10 to VES-18. Out of these we have taken only 5 VES station to compare with the core drilling data (CDH-4 & CDH-2) in this section. There were four different geo-electrical layers recorded during Vertical Electrical Sounding. The upper layer was alluvium (topsoil) in which resistivity value ranging between 25 Ωm to 1000 Ωm. The thickness of alluvium was ranging from 1 m to 7 m. This uppermost layer is underlain Figure 2b: VES data collection in study area by silty clay layer (mixture of calcareous grit and marl) recorded resistivity value ranging from 40 Ωm to 180 Ωm. The distance between two VES stations was kept 100 m The thickness of silty clay was detected upto 12 m (Fig. 3). to evaluate the geo-electrical setting of study area. The At some station the silty clay bed was absent. Schlumberger electrode separation was kept at maximum spread of 150 m for investigation up to 50 m depth. The field The third geo-electric layer recorded as friable sandstone data was in the form of apparent resistivity value of different whose resistivity value ranging from 100 Ωm to 1000 Ωm layers at specific depths. This data was then processed and and its thickness detected up to 25 m. The sandstone was interpreted in the form of the resistivity values. The values friable in nature and medium to coarse grained in size. The were used for preparing the geo-electric cross sections fourth i. e. the lower most geo-electric layer was clay bed

Mining Engineers’ Journal, Vol. 20, No. 4 17 November 2018 detected in every VES station. The resistivity value was The third geo-electric layer recorded as friable sandstone recorded in clay bed ranging from 2 Ωm to 100 Ωm while its whose resistivity value ranging from 100 Ωm to 1000 Ωm thickness varies from 25 m to 47 m (Fig.3). While comparing and its thickness vary from of 5 m to 8 m. The sandstone the CDH-4 with its nearest VES station i.e. VES-12 it was was friable in nature and medium to coarse grained in size. observed that the thickness of friable sandstone slightly The fourth i. e. the lower most geo-electric layer was clay less (15%) recorded in VES with the actual data recorded in bed detected in every VES station. The resistivity value was core drill hole. It was also observed that at some places the recorded in clay bed ranging from 2 Ωm to 100 Ωm while its thin clay bed recorded as silty clay in VES data. There were thickness varies from 22 m to 35 m (Fig.3). While comparing slight (2m to 3 m) depth variations in lithological sequence the CDH-1 with its nearest VES station i.e. VES-30 it was observed that the thickness of friable sandstone slightly observed while comparing the data of core drill hole CDH-2 higher (18%) recorded in VES with the actual data recorded and VES-16. At the same junction it is right to mention the in core drill hole. At the same junction it is right to mention thin layers (1 m to 4 m) of friable sandstone embedded in the thin layers (1 m to 2 m) of friable sandstone embedded between thick layer (>25 m.) of clay bed were not detected in between thick layer (>25 m) of clay bed were not detected during vertical electrical sounding. during vertical electrical sounding. There were (2m to 3 m) depth variations in lithological sequence observed while It is concluded that the data of all VES station of B-B’ profile comparing the data of core drill hole CDH-3 and VES-34. It resemble 85 to 90 % with the core drill data done earlier in was also observed that the thin clay bed (< 3m) recorded as the study area. silty clay in VES data.

Interpretation of VES data at Profile Section D-D’: It is summarized that the data of all VES station of DD’ profile At D-D’ section total 9 VES station were recorded i.e. VES-28 resemble 85 to 88 % with the core drill data done earlier in to VES-36. Out of these we have taken only 5 VES station to the study area. compare with the core drilling data (CDH-1 & CDH-3) done at this section (Fig. 3). There were four different geo-electrical COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS layers recorded during Vertical Electrical Sounding. If we want to investigate an area of 100 hectare for bedded type deposit like clay, bauxite, limestone, bentonite, gypsum, etc, we have to drill approximately 9 boreholes at a grid of The upper layer was alluvium (topsoil) in which resistivity 500m x 500m to get assurance of continuous mineralization. value ranging between 25 Ωm to 1000 Ωm. The thickness If we conduct Geophysical Investigation prior to core drilling, of alluvium was ranging from 1 m to 5 m. This uppermost we can minimize our core drill points by delineating the layer is underlain by silty clay layer (mixture of calcareous non-mineralized area in one third costs. The comparison grit and marl) recorded resistivity value ranging from 40 Ωm in cost and time benefit analysis in between core drilling to 180 Ωm. The thickness of silty clay was ranging from 4 m and geophysical investigation through VES for same aerial to 8 m. extent is given:

Sl.No Particular Core Drilling Geophysical Investigation through VES 1 Area 100 Hectare 100 Hectare 2 Points of Investigation 9 no’s borehole on 500m x500m grid 100 VES stations 3 Depth 100 metres 100 metres 4 Tentative Cost Involvement 22.50 lakhs (900 m x 2500INR/metre) 7.50lakhs (100 stations x 7500 INR per station) 5 Time Required 60 Man days (15 m per day per shift) 20 days (5 station per day)

For further validation of data recorded and interpreted by from 25 m to 47 m at variable depth. By comparing the VES and to prove the mineralized zone we can put 1 to 2 data of VES with earlier core drill data it is noticed that the number of holes to receive exact subsurface profile and to VES data is 85 to 90% resembling with the data of core log. know the thin litho-sequences and to obtain the samples The slight difference in VES data versus core log data has of subsurface lithologies for its chemical analysis and to observed which are as under: understand the grade of mineral. 1) The actual thickness of friable sandstone bed is varying from 10 to 15%. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION During the present study 45 ha area was covered by 45 2) The bed of clay (< 3 m) is sometime recorded as silty Vertical Electrical Sounding to investigate the subsurface clay. profile upto a depth of 50 m at each VES station. The clay 3) Very thin layer (15 cm to 1 m) of marl and ferruginous bed was detected at every VES station thickness ranging clayey band (hard) was not detected in VES.

Mining Engineers’ Journal, Vol. 20, No. 4 18 November 2018 4) The thin layers (1 m to 4 m) of friable sandstone Nigeria; International Journal of Physical Sciences Vol. 4 (10) pp. 592-606 embedded in between thick layer (>25 m.) of clay bed Ezomo, F. O. & Ifedili, S.O. (2005): Drilling as a useful tool for water were not detected during vertical electrical sounding. bearing formations investigation in Uhiele, Ekpoma. Journal of Applied Science, 9(3), 6579-6588. Hence the above said geophysical method of investigation Ezomo, F.O. (2012). Geophysical Study of Clay Attributes in Iruekpen Village Area of Edo State, Nigeria; Journal of Emerging Trends in i.e. Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) have great potential to Engineering and Applied Sciences (JETEAS) 3 (3): 563-566 indicate the existence of clay bed with high level of accuracy Nejad H.T., Mumipour M., Kaboli R. & Najib O.A. (2011). Vertical (85 to 90%). Exploration of new and deeper deposits of clay Electrical Sounding (VES) resistivity survey technique to explore mineral through core drilling is expensive and time taking. groundwater in an arid region, southern Iran; Journal of Applied VES technique is cost effective, time saving and environment Science, 11(23), 3765-3774. friendly. This VES technique is also being routinely used as a Roy, A.B. & Jakhar S.R. (2012). Geology of Rajasthan (Northwest reconnaissance tool for quick investigation and determining India), Precambrian to Recent; Scientific Publishers, p. 328-333. the potential of other industrial minerals viz. Silica Sand, Srivastave Neeraj., Shandilya, A.K and Gahlot S. (2005). Geology, Bauxite, Bentonite, Limestone, Gypsum etc. at green field Mining & Environmental around Ball Clay Mine near Kolayat, Bikaner, Rajasthan. National Seminar on “Environmental Planning & areas for the purpose of participation in mine auction and Management in Mining & Mineral Industries”; Udaipur (Raj.) p.73-82. development of mines. Srivastave Neeraj., Shandilya A.K. Gahlot S.K. (2009). The Clay Deposits of Bikaner District, Rajasthan Geological setting, Genesis and REFERENCES Quality Assessment for Industries. Publication of Scientific Publication Journals Articles and Papers in Serial Publications “Economic Mineralization”; Jodhpur (Raj.) p.287-294. Badmus B.S. & Olatinsu O.B. (2009). Geophysical evaluation and Website content chemical analysis of kaolin clay deposit of Lakiri village, south-western https://openei.org/wiki/DC_Resistivity_Survey_(Schlumberger_Array)

Change of Address of Members S. Name/Chapter/LM.No/Mob/Email Old Address New Address No 1 Sri Saravanan P, LM-3176/BH/TN Asst Manager (Survey) Asst. Manager (Survey) Mob: 073378 43931 M/S THE RAMCO CEMENTS LTD The Ramco Cements Limited [email protected] Mathod Works, Hosadurga Taluk,. Govindapuram Works, TRCL Township, Chiradurga Dist-577533. Karnataka, India. E-Block, Door No: 8, Sendurai Road, Ariyalur (Tq)&(Dist), Ariyalur-621713 2 Sri Santosh Pani, LM-5333/NAG Modern Mineral Processing (Aodo) Mob:087633 42003 Lab Pilot Plant Modern Mineral Processing Lab & Pilot Plant [email protected] Hingna L/8,Nagpur-440016 Indian Bureau Of Mines, L-8, Midc, Hingna Road, Nagpur-440016 3 Sri Prasad Rajiv Ranjan, LM-642/VER /NAG Gujarat Ambuja Cements General Manager- Mines Mob: 097649 98359 At Podinar, Dist. Veeraval Somanth Ambuja Cements Limited (Unit: Maratha [email protected] Gujarath-362715 Cement Works), PO-Upparwahi, Korpana, Dist- Chandrapur, PIN-442 908( MH) 4 Sri Srikumar Sreedharan, LM-2201/TN Sreeshailam House, Pranavam House, Vadakkumthala. P. O. Mob: 082811 20436 Vadakkumthala. P. O. Karunagapally-690536 , Karunagapally-690536, Kollam District. [email protected] Kollam District. Kerala State. Kerala State. 5 Sri Rajoo Joshi, GM (Mines), Vice President (Mines),Ambuja Cements LM-1046/RAI/HM Ambuja Cements Ltd Ltd(Unit: Suli)P.O. Darlaghat, Teh. Arki. Distt. Mob: 089820 73507 Tq: Baloda Bazar, Solan (H. P.) – 171102 [email protected] Dist: Raipur-493 331, Chhattishgarh 6 Sri Deepak Methani, LM-1532/RAI/UDAI Manager (Mines), Vikram Cement 286-B-Block Sector 14, Hiran Magri, Udaipur Mob: 063776 59508 Staff Colony, Qr.No: SR,D24/2,PO: Vikram (Rajasthan) [email protected] Nagar, Vill:khor, Neemuch Dist, Madhya Pradesh 7 Sri M. Satish Kumar, LM-4866/Sing Q.No. NC-12, Q.No: Special C-160, Lane No: 04, Writerbasti, Mob: 083329 74511 Lane No:07, Writerbasti, Kothagudem, [email protected] Kothagudem,Telangana - 507101 Telangana-507101. 8 Shri Ramesh Chandra Shrivastava, Asst. Mines Manager, Sagmania Lime Stone Flat No – 301, Rudra Ratnam Apartments LM-372/Gen Quarry, C-12, Sagmania, Satna – 485 114. (Near Hawelia Crossing) Sarnath, Varanasi, Mob: 094247 40241 Madhya Pradesh U.P -221007

Mining Engineers’ Journal, Vol. 20, No. 4 19 November 2018 Limestone and Dolomite Deposits of Bagalkote District, Karnataka, India Yogesh M Kutre, Pramod T Hanamgond and Suraj S Mense Abstract A strong infrastructure of the country in terms of construction of industries, dams, power plants and well planned cities etc. depends upon its mineral resources. Limestone and dolomite has a significant role to play in the economic growth of the country. Therefore, understanding occurrence, quality and quantity of these resources for the use of mankind is essential. district, in Karnataka hosts a number of limestone deposits and the district stands second intrems of resource after Gulbarga. The present article is a review of the available data and literature and discusses the percentage variation of major constituents CaO and MgO, along with the resources.

INTRODUCTION category and the balance 7,737 Mt under remaining Any developing country in the world possesses a strong resources category. Major share of about 88% resources infrastructure in terms of industries, well planned cities, were distributed in eight states, namely, Madhya Pradesh power plants, dams, reservoirs etc., for which, the country (27%), Andhra Pradesh (15%), Chhattisgarh (11%), Odisha needs sufficient mineral resources. Limestone in particular (10%), Karnataka and Rajasthan (7% each), Gujarat (6% plays a key role for urbanization and constructional work as each), and Maharashtra (5%). The remaining 12% resources a part of cement and steel industries. After China and USA, are distributed in Arunachal Pradesh, Jharkhand, Haryana, India has emerged as the chief producer of limestone. India Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Telangana, Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh has extensive resources of limestone spread over different and West Bengal. As per National Mineral Inventory data, parts of the country. Cement-grade limestone occurs in based UNFC system, as on 1.4.2015 all the limestone-bearing regions. Apart from construction and steel industry, limestone is important for agricultural, LIMESTONE AND DOLOMITE DEPOSITS OF environmental, pharmaceutical, paints and pigments KARNATAKA industries use , which makes it a significant important The Karnataka state is blessed with significant and variety towards industrial growth of the country. of mineral resources. Other than valuable mineral resources such as gold, silver, copper, iron, manganese, asbestos, LIMESTONE DOLOMITE DEPOSITS OF INDIA bauxite, chromite, kaolin and granite rock, the State has The total resources of limestone of all categories and grades limestone with an estimated 51,000 Mt deposits, out of as per United Nations Framework Classification system as which 13,345 Mt is of cement grade. Karnataka has the on 1.4.2010 are estimated at 184,935 Mt, of which 14,926 Mt largest limestone deposit in India. The districts of Gulbarga, (8%) are placed un`der reserves category and 170,009 Mt (92%) are under remaining resources category. Karnataka is Bagalkote, Belgaum, Shimoga and Uttara are the leading state having 28% of the total resources followed rich with medium to high grade limestone deposits. The by Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat and Rajasthan (11% each), consistent production of approximately 14 Mt provides raw Telangana (9%), Chhattisgarh (5%), Madhya Pradesh (4%) material for the cement plants in these districts. and remaining 21% by other states. Grade wise, cement grade (Portland) has leading share of about 68% followed Dolomite in Karnataka is of sedimentary and metamorphic in by unclassified grades (13%) and BF grade (7%). Remaining origin. It occurs associated with carbonate rocks of various (16%) are others (Indian Bureau of Mines, 2015). lithostratigraphic units namely Surgur complex, exposed at Bettadabeedu in Heggadadevana Kote taluk, Mysore. Dolomite occurrences are widespread in the country. As per Crystalline dolomite of greenstone belt of Chitradurga in National Mineral Inventory data, based UNFC system, as Chitradurga district. Crystalline dolomite contributes 989 on 1.4.2015 total resources of dolomite have been placed at Mt of Dolomite of Kaladgi Super Group, well exposed in 8,415 Mt, out of which 677.8 Mt are placed under reserves Bagalkote District contributes 1164 Mt.

Department of Geology, G.S.Science College, Belagavi 590006 Karnataka Email: [email protected] Original manuscript received:3-2-2018; peer reviewed and accepted: 17-7-2018

Mining Engineers’ Journal, Vol. 20, No. 4 20 November 2018 MINERALOGY OF LIMESTONE AND DOLOMITE EW direction. The ortho-quartzites and the Banded Hematite Limestone is a calcareous sedimentary rock of chemical Quartzites (BHQ) have formed well defined linear ridges in origin. The two most important constituents are calcite and the central part of the district. The ground elevation ranges dolomite. Limestone often contains magnesium carbonate, from 480 to 729 m above mean sea level, sloping ESE. either as dolomite CaMg (CO3)2 or magnesite (MgCO3) mixed with calcite. Such rocks are termed as ‘dolomitic’ GEOLOGY or ‘Magnesian’ limestone. Dolomite (CaCO3.MgCO3) The geological formations exposed in Bagalkote (Figure 2) theoretically contains CaCO3 54.35% and MgCO3 45.65% are- Dharwarian Gneisses, Kaladgi series and Deccan traps. or CaO 30.4%, MgO 21.9% and CO2 47.7%. However, in Most part of the district is chiefly covered by Mesoproterozoic nature, dolomite is not available in this proportion. Hence, formations belonging to Kaladgi series, which lies over in commercial parlance, the rock containing 40-45% MgCO3 the basement gneiss and schists. The Kaladgi formation is generally called dolomite. In addition to dolomite, ore encompasses the lower Bagalkot Group and upper contains either calcite or a mixture of calcite & magnesite. group.

A BRIEF NOTE ON BAGALKOTE DISTRICT Besides quartzites, sandstones, conglomerates and shale, The Bagalkote district (Figure 1) is located entirely on thick and large scale outcrops of limestone and dolomite the North Karnataka Plateau. It is surrounded by Belgaum deposits are well exposed in the part of Badami, Bagalkote, District to the West, and Gulbarga Districts to Bilgi and taluks. The late cretaceous basaltic rocks the North and North-East, District to the East of the Deccan Volcanic Province (Deccan Traps) overlie and Koppal , Gadag and Dharwad Districts to the South- the sedimentary Kaladgi Supergroup in the north and East, South and South-West respectively. The Bagalkote northeastern part of the district. The Kaladgi basin stretches district comprising of 6 taluks, occupies an area of 6593 E-W for a length of about 160 km and widths varying from 40 sq.kms and lies between 74° 58’ & 76° 20’ East longitude to 65 km covering an extent about 8000 km2. and 15° 49’ & 16° 46’ North latitude. The average elevation of the area is approximately 610 m from Mean Sea Level. The climate is semi-arid. The district is drained by the river Krishna and its tributaries - Ghatprabha and Malaprabha.

Figure 2.Geological Map of Kaladgi basin (Source: Geological Survey of India : 1981).

DETAILS OF INDIVIDUAL LIMESTONE DEPOSITS OF BAGALKOTE TALUKS BADAMI TALUK: Nirbudihal: Figure 1. Location map of the area The limestone deposit occurs 600 m north of Nirbudihal village (16˚07’: 16˚07’08” N: 75˚32: 75˚32’40” E). It is grey, GEOMORPHOLOGY pink, hard, compact, and massive and occurs associated In general, the topography in the southern part of the district with massive dolomite and shale bands. Two beds of grey is rugged and undulating, while in the northern part it is limestone and one bed of pink limestone occurs as marker gently undulating to rolling plains with a number of low lying, horizons (Nautiyal, et al., 1967). These beds strike EW and flat hills. The southern and south-western parts of the district dip 30˚ to 45˚N. As per the available report (Annaiah et al. covering Badami, Bagalkote and western parts of Hungund 1976 and Nautiyal et al. 1967) twenty three boreholes were taluks are traversed by discontinuous hill ranges trending in drilled and 330 groove samples and 933 core samples were

Mining Engineers’ Journal, Vol. 20, No. 4 21 November 2018 analyzed. The overburden ratio ranges from 1:2, 1:3 and 2:1. SiO2 12 to 16% and MgO 4% (max). As depicted in the The exploration results are shown in table no.1: Figure 3a, 9 villages of Bagalkote district provide a good potential zone for this grade; however the deposits are BAGALKOTE TALUK limited as compared to other grades. Ankalgi: The limestone is located north of Ankalgi village (16˚13 30”- SMS (Steel Melting Shop) Grade Limestone 75˚29 8”). It is grey, pale pink, fine grained and massive. A rapid growth in the steel industries, specification of The band strikes NNW-SSE and dip 50˚ E. Nineteen limestone has become more rigid in the making of steel. surface limestone samples were analysed. The occurrence As prescribed by the BIS (IS: 10345-2004) the calcium comprises the lease hold of M/s. Mysore Minerals Limited, a carbonate (CaCO3) content in limestone should not be public sector undertaking of the Government of Karnataka. usually less than 90 percent. The combined SiO2 and Al2O3 The lease hold has an extent of 79.89 hectares. The deposit should not exceed 6% though up to 11.5% is allowed; MgO comprises high calcium and cement grade limestone and should be within 4% and sulphur and phosphorus as low as their details of extent, analysis are summarized in table no. possible. 2. Insoluble in limestone should not exceed more than 4 percent. Bagalkote: Good fluxing limestone should naturally be low in acid The limestone band extends into the limits of Haveli, constituents like silica, alumina, sulphur and phosphorus. As Muchkhundi, Gaddankeri, Murnal and Virapur villages and far as Bagalkote deposits are concerned, there is enough Bagalkote town (16˚15’-75˚42’). It is grey, pale pink, fine quantity to meet the specification (Figure 3b). grained hard and massive and contains thin clay bands. The beds strike WNW-ESE and dip 40˚ to 70˚ N. 106 limestone High Calcium Limestone samples were analysed (Nanjundaiah and Inamdar, 1971). This grade of limestone is consumed mainly by Glass The deposit comprises the lease hold area of M/s. Bagalkot industries where 53% CaO, 1.5% MgO and silica 2.5% are Udyog limited held over an extent of 376.27 Ha and the preferable. In the chemical industries, for the manufacture exploration work has shown in Table no. 3. of bleaching powder, Caustic soda and Calcium carbide the specified CaO are 54%, 53% and 54% ; and MgO are MUDHOL TALUK 2%, 1% and 0.80% respectively. Figure 3c shows Bagalkote Thimmapur and Petlur: district certainly have significant deposits to meet these The limestone deposits are exposed in the neighborhood specifications. of Thimmapur and Petlur villages (Latitude 16˚13’40” to 16˚14’00” N and Longitude 75˚19’00” to 75˚21’00” E). The beds are grey to dark grey, fine-grained and the beds have been folded into a major anticline. The beds strike NE-SW and dip 45˚ to 50˚ NW. Thirty one high calcium limestone samples and 4 siliceous limestone samples were analysed (Sudhakara, 1997) The details of the deposit are shown in Table no. 4.

Apart from above mentioned villages, reports from various villages like, Chikkshellikeri, Gaddankeri and Hulgeri of Bagalkote taluk having different grades of limestone have deposits of 211.42 Mt. As compared to Bagalkote taluk, Mudhol taluk has more deposits. Villages like Bamanbudni, Chinchakhandibuzurg has deposits of 185Mt and 46Mt respectively. Villages Halki, Metagud and Ningapur together have deposits of 109 Mt. Hebbal villages have deposits of 180 Mt. Rest of the villages in the taluk have 447.32 Mt of deposits.

GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION OF THE DATA Cement Grade Limestone Indian cement manufacturers prescribed that the limestone should have CaO 42% (min), Al2O3 1 to 2%, Fe2O3 1 to 2%,

Mining Engineers’ Journal, Vol. 20, No. 4 22 November 2018 Figure 3: Variation in Cement grade (3a), SMS grade (3b) and High calcium Figure 4: Variation in reserves of dolomite deposits grade (3c) deposits.

Table no. 1 Exploration results at Nirbudihal

Extent of the deposit/area Chemical Analysis (%) Reserves Type in Mt Length Breadth Depth IR R2O3 Cao MgO

SMS grade limestone 3200 240 60 3.71 0.55 50.67 2.1 23.15

BF grade limestone 3200 240 60 9.78 1.14 46.96 3.59 17.75

2.61 to BBFlimestone 3340 20 to 50 100 - - 0.41 19.35 14.76

BCG limestone 320 50 100 - - - - 3.2 (Annaiah et al. 1976 and Nautiyal et al. 1967)

Table No. 2 Exploration results of Ankalgi

Extent of the deposit/area Chemical Analysis (%) Reserves in Mt Type Length Breadth Depth IR R2O3 Cao MgO LOI Indicated inferred

High calcium 100- 7.18 to 1.16 to 43 to 1.92 to 40.45 to 4160 30 1.20 34.80 limestone 1650 15.5 2.18 48.8 3.0 40.4 Cement grade 15.04 to 2.25 to 43.0 to 2.25 to 36.30 to 80 40 30 0.20 - limestone 15.3 2.73 43.4 2.73 36.8 (Prabhakar et al. 1994)

Table no. 3 Exploration result of Bagalkokte Extent of the Depth Chemical Analysis (%) Reserves in Mt Type deposits/Area m IR CaO MgO Indicated Cement grade limestone 360 Ha 15 4 to 9.54 46 to 50 0.32 to 3.28 15 Siliceous limestone - - 15 to 21 38 to 45 - - (Nanjundaiah and Inamdar, 1971)

Mining Engineers’ Journal, Vol. 20, No. 4 23 November 2018 Table no. 4 Exploration results of Thimmapur and Petlur Reserves in Mt Chemical Analysis (%) Extent of the Depth Measured Type deposits/Area M IR R2O3 CaO MgO LOI

2.66 to 0.84 to 42.19 0.18 to 35.69 to High calcium limestone 27 Ha 30 19 17.8 1.60 to 53.2 6.14 42.62 39.8 to 1.01 to Siliceous limestone 152 Ha 30 13.40 2.04 37.45 109 46.9 1.32 (Sudhakara, 1997)

Individual Dolomite Deposits of Bagalkote District Bandgeri Area (75˚34’40”: 15˚5’30”) Table no. 5a Exploration results of Bandgeri area.

Range Average Type No. of samples CaO MgO CaO MgO

Surface Samples 16 25.45- 31.79 17.86- 20.40 29.34 19.18

Jalgeri Area (75˚33’30”: 16˚6’) Table no. 5b Exploration results of Jalgeru area

Range Average Type No. of samples CaO MgO CaO MgO

Surface Samples 59 21.76 to 31.36 15.02 to 22.05 28.95 18.65

KatageriArea(75˚39’: 16˚4’30”) Table no. 5c Exploration results of Katageri area

Range Average Type No. of samples CaO MgO CaO MgO

Surface Samples 20 19.72- 30.60 11.22- 21.36 25.79 20.76

Sulikeri Area (75˚40’: 16˚6’45”) Table no. 5d Exploration results of Sulikeri area

Range Average Type No. of samples CaO MgO CaO MgO

Surface Samples 5 29.24- 30.10 19.71- 21.60 33.78 16.67

Mining Engineers’ Journal, Vol. 20, No. 4 24 November 2018 Dolomite deposits of Bagalkote District Table no. 6 overall deposits of dolomite Reserves in Mt Taluk Name of deposits Measured Indicated Inferred

Dolomite

Bagalkote Yandigeri 18.78 - -

Total 18.78

Halki, Metgud and Mudhol - 391 - Ningapur

Laksanahatti - - 5

Muddapur - 58 -

Total 449 5

Dolomite SMS

Badami Sulikeri 6.60 - -

Bagalkote Niralkeri 15.17 - -

Dolomite BF

Badami Bandkeri - 1.20

Jalageri - 36.00

Karadigudda - 43.20

Katageri - 64.80

NirBudinal 27.15 - -

Sulikeri 0.30 - -

Total 27.45 145.20 -

Graphical representation of data Figure 4, clearly shows the average MgO percentage in specifications. Almost all steel plants accept minimum 20% the Bagalkote district is 18.27%. Most of the dolomite is of MgO and 30% of CaO. Villages namely Katageri, Jalgeri used in steel industries; every steel industry has their own and Bandgeri possess these specifications.

Mining Engineers’ Journal, Vol. 20, No. 4 25 November 2018 Field photographs of Bagalkote limestone deposits at Shellikeri showing open cast mines and leaching effects.

References Figure 5. Limestone and Dolomite deposits of Bagalkote exhibiting different Annaiah, G.S. and Raghuveera, K.S. (1974). Dolomite deposits of Niralkeri area Badamitaluk, Bijapur district. Dept. of mines and Geology, grades. Karnataka, Geological Studies, no. 92. Annaiah, G.S. and Raghuveera, K.S. (1976). Exploration for flux grade Summary dolomite near Sulikeri area, Badamitaluk, Bijapur district. Dept. of The Bagalkote district represents a great store of limestone Mines and Geology, Karnataka, Geological Stidies, No. 110,pp. 2-10. and stands second largest deposits after Gulbarga district. Annaiah, G.S., Parmashivaiah, M., Keerthisheelan, K., Sreenivasaiah, It provides immense prospect for several limestone C., Jagadeesh Kumar, N. and Vengugopal, K. (1976). Exploration for the based industries. Cement grade limestone occurs in all limestone deposits of NirBudihal, Badamitaluk, Bijapur district. Dept. of Mines and Geology, Karnataka, Special Report, pp.1-9,12,23,32. the limestone-bearing areas, while other grades occur in Nanjundaiah, G. and Inamdar, L.N. (1971). Report on the large scale selective areas. The high calcium grade in some regions mapping of the limestone deposits in the mining lease area of M/s. is possibly due to supergene enrichment. Detailed work Bagalkote Cement Company Limited, Bagalkote, Bijapur district. Dept. with respect to field occurrences, structures, grade etc., of Mines and geology, Karnataka Geological Studies No. 28, pp. 1to8. is required to identify the Limestone deposits, which will Nautiyal, S.P., VenkobaRao, Ramachandra, A.V., VeeraRaghavan, be vital to meet the growing demand. The country has C.R., SrinivasRao, C. Venkatramana, S., Krishnamurthy, A.V., Davay, expansive deposits of dolomite estimated 4604 Mt. In the D.R.,Ramakrishna, T.L. and Balasubramaniyan,V. (1967). Investigation for flux grade limestone in part of Bijapur district. Mysore State, Geol. present scenario it becomes essential to take the stock of Surv.Ind., pp. 10,12-42,44-48 and 50-72. availability of dolomite resources in the country as a whole PattabhiRamaiah, N.R. (2003). Limestone and Dolomite Resources of and Karnataka in particular. The details of the deposit are Karnataka.Geolo. Soc. Ind.,pp. 46,50-51, 67, 195-200. shown in the Table nos. 5(a to d) and Table no. 6. Prabhakar, K.T., Bidi, V.S. and Kalmaraiah, D. (1994).Reports on Limestone deposits of Ankalgi village, Bagalkotetaluk, BijapurDistrict. Dept. of Mines and geology, Geological Studies, No. 183, pp. 1 to 5. Radhakrishanan, B.P. (1996). Mineral Resources of Karnataka. Geol. Soc. India, pp. 348-350. Radhakrishna, B.P. and Vaidyanadhan, R. (1997). Geology of Karnataka. Geol. Soc. Ind., pp. 97, 175-193. Radhakrishna, B.P.(1996). Mineral Resources of Karnataka. Geol. Soc. Ind., pp. 356-357. Rama Rao, B. (1964). Mineral Resources of Bijapur, Belgaum, Dharwar and North Kanaradistricts.Dept. of mines and Geology, Karnataka,Bull. No. 24,48p. Sudhakara, K.S. (1996). Limestone deposits of Halki, Metgud and Ningapur areas, MudholTaluk, Bijapur district. Dept. of Mines and Geology, Karnataka, Geological studies, No. 252, pp.1-4. Sudhakara, K.S.(1997). Limestone deposits of Thimmapur-Petlur Area, MudholTaluk, Bijapur district. Dept. of Mines and Geology, Karnataka, Geological Stidies, No. 281, pp. 1-2. Setty,B.S.N and Chowsetty (1994). Occurrence of dolomite deposits between NirBudihal and YandigerivikkagesodBagalkokt and Badamitaluks, BijapurDisrtrict. Dept. of Mines and Geology, Karnataka, Geological Studies, No. 195, pp 1-10.

Mining Engineers’ Journal, Vol. 20, No. 4 26 November 2018 MEAI NEWS Bangalore Chapter entrepreneurs in Minor Minerals” on 29th September, A delegation led by Bangalore Chapter’s Chairman Dr Dr 2018 at Hyderabad. The symposium was attended by over TN Venugopal, Past Chairman Mr RH Sawkar, Secretary 125 students from (Malla Reddy Engineering college, OU Mr Deepak Vidyarthi, Jt Secretary cum Treasurer Mr N college of engineering, JBIET and HITS), MEAI members, Rajendran and Executive Committee Member Mr MGM faculty etc. The purpose behind holding this symposium Delvi met Honourable Chief Minister of Karnataka State Mr was to create an opportunity for young mining engineers to HD Kumaraswamy, on October 9, 2018 and handed over develop as entrepreneurs and to meet the global challenges a cheque for Rs 1,75,200 towards Chief Minster’s Distress and also in solving scientific problems of mineral industry. Relief Fund Calamity 2018. In the inaugural session, after Jyothi Prajwalana and Thanks to the members for their generous contributions. Prayer song, Prof S. Sudhakara Reddy, Principal MREC(A) welcomed the guests and emphasized about the importance of mining in industrial growth and congratulated Department of mining for conducting such program in MREC(A). Later, the guests have released the Souvenir containing the messages and papers/presentations of invited speakers.

The subject speakers were: • Sri B.R.V. Susheel Kumar, Director of mines and geology & Chairman, MEAI Hyderabad chapter: Key note address of symposium • Sri Rafi Ahmed, Jt. Director of mines & geology: Minor Barajamda Chapter minerals in Telengana and their importance In a meeting of the Chapter held on September 15, 2018, • Sri P.V.S. Sarma, GM, Gulf oil limited: Challenges in the following new Executive Committee was constituted. blasting in extraction of minor minerals • Sri T.V. Chowdary, former Director of mines & geology Chairman: Sri Manish Mishra, GM-OMQ, Noamundi, Tata and former Chairman, Hyderabad chapter and former Steel, [email protected] President MEAI: Recent legislations regarding addition Vice Chairman: Sri Manash Bishwas, GM (Mines), KIOM, of 31 major minerals as minor minerals SAIL, [email protected] • Sri K. Rajasekhar Reddy, GM, TSMDC: Regulatory Vice Chairman, Sri H. Mojumdar, [email protected] clearance for commencement of mining operations in Secretary: Sri R.P. Mali, Chief Noamundi, Tata Steel, minerals [email protected] • Sri S. Krishna Murthy, MEAI Secretary General: Jt. Secretary cum treasurer: Mr. Rahul Kishore, Head Outlined the present situation in Mining Industry and Operations, Tata Steel, [email protected] advised the students on opportunities for mining engineers. Executive Committee: Sri Satish Kumar, [email protected] The theme for the Symposium was presented by the Sri I.V.A. Raju, [email protected] Coordinator Dr. M.S. Venkataramayya. Sri Chandrahas, Sri P. K. Patra, [email protected], Asst. Prof, MIE conducted the program including introduction Sri V. Srikant, [email protected] of guests etc. Sri D. N. Parida, [email protected] In the first session, keynote address was given by Sri Sri Ovalesh Kumar, [email protected] B.R.V. Susheel Kumar wherein he spoke on the importance Sri Vivek Kumar Agarwal, [email protected] of mineral wealth in the economic growth and providing revenue to the government. He acknowledged the efforts Hyderabad Chapter of the college MREC(A) for materializing the symposium. Report on Symposium ‘Opportunities for entrepreneurs Sri Rafi Ahmed made a presentation on “Minor minerals in Minor minerals’ in Telangana and their importance”, which was highly Recently the Government has converted 31 Major Minerals informative. as Minor minerals and has brought them under the State’s Purview. In this regard the department of mining In the Noon session, Sri P.V.S. Sarma, GM, Gulf oil limited, engineering MREC (A) in association with MEAI Hyderabad spoke on the Challenges in blasting in removal of minor chapter conducted a symposium on “Opportunities for minerals. Sri T.V. Chowdary delivered his lecturer on Recent

Mining Engineers’ Journal, Vol. 20, No. 4 27 November 2018 legislations regarding addition of 31 major minerals as for which technological intervention is necessary. He minor minerals. At the end, Sri K.Rajasekhar Reddy spoke also stressed that pit slope stability and safety of men on Regulatory clearance for commencement of mining and machinery are of paramount importance in mining operations in minerals. operations.

Sri V. Narasimhareddy, Prof M.S. Venkatramayya, Sri K. Shri Ranjan Sahai, former Controller General, IBM was Rajasekhareddy, Sri Viswanadam- Jt Secretary & Treasurer conferred with life time achievement award by MEAI, Nagpur Hyderabad Chapter, Prof D. Chandrasekhar and Prof Chapter for his outstanding contribution in the field of mining NSRK Prasad presented certificates of Participation to all and shaping the Indian mining scenario. In his address, Mr students. Sahai stated that time has come for increased focus on underground mining as well as sustainable opencast mining Dr. M.S. Venkataramayya thanked Sri BRV Susheel Kumar as the surface and near surface deposits are depleting very for providing technical and financial support from his fast. More thrust has to be given for exploration to overcome department and Hyderabad Chapter. import of minerals. Mechanism with economic viability has to be developed to utilize low-grade ores. The mineral security of the country has to be ensured through proactive policy initiatives.

Thirteen technical papers were presented in the workshop by eminent experts from India and abroad. More than 150 participants from all over the country, which included senior executives of mining industry, professionals, academicians, consultants and students, attended the workshop. A Releasing of souvenir by dignitaries souvenir was released on the occasion.

The event was organised under the active supervision of Shri D. K. Sahni and Shri H. R. Kalihari, Chairman and Vice Chairman respectively of the Nagpur Chapter.

Felicitation to Sri B. R. V. Susheel Kumar by Principal MREC (A)

Nagpur Chapter PRESS NOTE Rajasthan Chapter-Jaipur ‘Scientific Excavation Management in mining can lead A one-day National Conference on ‘Utilization of DMF, to higher productivity and safe mining’. NMET and Clean Energy Cess Funds - Issues and the Ways Ahead’ was organised by Rajasthan Chapter-Jaipur Nagpur Chapter has successfully conducted a National Level on 13th October 2018 at Mining Welfare Centre, Jaipur. workshop on “Managing Excavation Stability through It was programmed to deliberate on issues pertaining to Design, Analysis and Monitoring” at Hotel Radisson Blu, the theme and recommend strategies for effective and Nagpur on 24th September 2018. The event was inaugurated appropriate implementation of the planned activities for by Shri M.P. Chaudhary, Chairman Cum Managing Director the benefit of mines affected area and people, and achieve of MOIL Ltd. and was presided over by Shri Arun Kothari, intended results in accordance with the PMKKKY. The President, Mining Engineers’ Association of India. Shri Conference evoked significant response and was attended Mantu Biswas, Chief Controller of Mines I/C, IBM was the by distinguished invited delegates from the mining industry, guest of honor. affected stake-holders, policy makers and experts from the government, implementing agencies and academia. Shri M.P. Choudhary in his inaugural address deliberated on future expansion plans of MOIL Ltd. He emphasized the Inaugural session hosted two keynote addresses by Shri D. need for safe mining in order to achieve higher productivity Mohan Raj ADG & National Mission Head-II, Nagpur, GSI

Mining Engineers’ Journal, Vol. 20, No. 4 28 November 2018 on 'Utilization of NMET for Mineral Exploration and Current 4) Improvement of the Basic Infrastructure and Civic Practices' and briefing on DMF and Clean Energy Cess Amenities: To ensure supply of safe drinking water Funds for Welfare of Mining affected areas and Shri. Subir and treatment of mines waste polluted water and Das, Former Director (Mines), NLC India Ltd. on 'Clean sanitation restoration of degraded environment and Energy Cess and DMF'. infra-structural lay-out must be given top priority 5) Transparency: Implementation should be transparent. Elaborate presentations were made by Shri Akshaydeep A website should track the money collected, display a Mathur, Federation of Mine Owners Association of list of mining affected villages and peoples, the project Rajasthan, Jaipur on DMFT Genesis to Beneficiary', Dr. proposed, and their status of implementation, as Sreshtha Banerjee, Centre for Science and Environment, mandated under the central government guidelines for New Delhi on ‘District Mineral Foundation: Ensuring Benefit PMKKY. There should be a mechanism for villagers to For Mining-Affected People And Areas Through Better know about the projects undertaken in their area. Governance, Planning And People's Engagement', Shri 6) Monitoring: There should be independent third-party M. L. Lahoti, UltraTech Cement Ltd., Kotputli on ‘Utilisation tracking, monitoring and evaluation of projects; a Of DMF- Issues And Ways Ahead', Shri Sanjay Saxena & chartered accountant should audit financial records, Hitesh Kumar, DMG-R, Jaipur on ‘Salient Features Of DMFT as suggested under PMKYY guidelines, the respective in Rajasthan ', Shri Rana Sengupta, Managing Trustee and Technical Committees and Gram Sabhas should be CEO, MLPC & Ms Rosamma Thomas, Senior Journalist from informed on a yearly basis about the progress of the Times of India on ‘Where Is Welfare', Shri Pawan Sharma, works undertaken. President, Rajasthan Stones Crushers Assoc. Jaipur on 7) Guidance and training for district officials and people: ‘Stake Holders View on utilisation of DMF' and Shri B. L. It is realised that expert help is needed for formulation Dudi & Milind Swaroop, South west Mining Ltd., Barmer on and proper time-bound execution of the of plans for ‘Clean Energy Cess – Challenges For Utilisation’. utilisation of the DMF funds. Therefore, emphasis must be placed on skill development of the officials Recommendations and way ahead and affected people in the area. The central or state A systematic and bottom-up planning approach must be government, or specially appointed agencies, should followed to make investments effective. The Trusts should help district officials utilize the fund. adopt an ‘output and outcome’ oriented approach for planning 8) Political Influence: By generating awareness among to ensure long-term results and qualitative improvements residents, their participation can be enhanced. of various socio-economic and human development DMFs must guard against letting MLAs’ control over indicators. PMKKKY projects and allocations. It is observed that 1) Long term planning: Analyze all existing programmes all the nominated members of Trust are having dual as well as sources of funding in the district before responsibility therefore less attention on the Trust; allocating PMKKY money. A separate Technical hence Chairman and Secretary may be nominated Committee needs to be constituted to have pragmatic independent body for proper functioning. and scientific approach on deciding the priority areas 9) Good practices adopted by other States: Good practices for longterm and sustainable development of the area. as initiated by other states in their respective DMF There should be thorough analysis of the major issues Trusts need to be considered and adopted for effective facing a district, and the targets, financial allocations and efficient utilisation of DMF funds in imperative. and deadlines must be clearly defined. • Projects cost of more than Rs.10 Crores only to 2) Involvement of local people: Gram Sabhas must be sent for approval of CM (as in MP state). be part of all consultations. Villagers, mineworkers, • Amount to be spent on Directly and Indirectly Panchayats / Gram Sabha of the mining affected area affected areas (core and buffer zones) and area as well as local civil society organisations must be radius may be delineated like that in Maharashtra consulted to understand the needs of mining affected state areas. Decision-making should not be in the hands of • State level Monitoring Committee under the political representatives and bureaucrats, and should chairmanship of the Chief Minister to lay down prioritise those affected by mining. the broad policy framework to guide the overall 3) Involvement of mining companies: Representatives of functioning of the Trusts of all districts ( as in the Mining Companies should be involved in deciding Chhattisgarh state). how the PMKKKY fund is used because they may have • Twenty / Fifty percent of the fund of the District better understanding of the developmental issues in Mineral Foundation shall be kept aside as the affected area. endowment for taking care of future expenses

Mining Engineers’ Journal, Vol. 20, No. 4 29 November 2018 after mining activities have ended in the area. (Karnataka/Goa) 10. The NMET has started receiving payments of a sum equivalent to 2% of the royalty paid in terms of the minerals listed in the Second Schedule as per the provisions of the MMDR Amendment Act 2015. NMET contribution is applicable with effect from 12.01.2015. • Various exploration agencies have taken-up G4, G3 and G2 stage mineral exploration programmes under NMET funding. There is a need to have uniformity in the data storage and its retrieval pattern. To have clarity in recording the borehole Keynote Address by Shri Mohan Raj ADG GSI data, proper interpretation, meaningful resource estimation, core preservation at proper places (National Drill Core Libraries of GSI) etc., the draft guidelines have been prepared. • 100 Regional Exploration Blocks were identified by GSI and were selected for NMET Funding to recognized Exploration Agencies. In addition to MECL, several other PSUs and the State DGMs that have received NMET funds include Chhattisgarh, Odisha, Rajasthan, M.P., Jharkhand, Telangana, U.P, Nagaland, Manipur. Address by Sh. Akshaydeep Mathur, FMAR

11. Clean Energy Cess (CEC) was introduced, with effect from 1st July 2010, through the Union Budget 2010-11, on coal produced in India or imported to India. This is in line with the principle of "polluter pays", which are the basic guiding criteria for pollution management. The CEC has now been referred to as National Clean Energy and Environment Fund (NCEEF). Since its inception in 2010-11 and till 2020 Cess is likely to touch Rs. 1.50 lakh crore. 12. These funds are supposed to be used for research and innovative projects in clean energy technologies or renewable energy resources to reduce dependence Delegates attending the Conference on fossil fuels and on integrated community energy solutions, smart grid technology, renewable applications Rajasthan Chapter-Udaipur with solar, wind, tidal and geothermal energy, creation of critical renewable energy infrastructure areas such Technical Talk on ‘DMFT an Opportunity & Challenges’ as pure Silicon manufacturing and other energy critical A technical talk on ‘District Mineral Foundation Trust (DMFT) elements. an Opportunity and Challenges’ was held at Udaipur by Rajasthan Chapter – Udaipur on 4th October, 2018. On this occasion, Shri Jitendra Upadhyay, IAS, Director, Department of Mines & Geology, Government of Rajasthan was the Chief Guest and Prof. U.S. Sharma, Hon’ble Vice-Chancellor, Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture & Technology, Udaipur was Guest of Honour. Shri A.K. Kothari, National President, MEAI presided over the meeting. Others present were Shri R.P. Gupta, former President MEAI, Council Members Shri D.S. Maru and Shri Maheem Kachhwaha; Senior Members of MEAI Shri K.C. Jain, Shri S.D. Acharya, Dr. R. Choudhary, Sh. O.P. Soni, Dr. S.C. Jain, Dr. Anupam Bhatnagar, Shri A.P.S. Chandi, Shri P.M. Jain, Shri K.S. Choudhary, Shri Harish Vyas, Shri N.K. Kothari, Shri S.P. Lighting of the lamp during inauguration of Conference Sharma, Shri Mahendra Bokadia, Shri M.K. Mehta, Shri

Mining Engineers’ Journal, Vol. 20, No. 4 30 November 2018 Y.C. Gupta, Shri Praveen Jain, Shri S.K. Vashisth, Shri P.S. 1. Planning and execution for settlement of displaced Kumpawat, Shri A.K. Nandwana and members from Cement people from mining affected areas. Industry, Hindustan Zinc Limited, RSMML, local industries 2. Preparation of Maps of mining affected areas within and mine owners. Student members were also present. the radius of 3 to 5 km in mining areas. Over 170 members attended the talk. 3. Preparation of Cluster maps of the mining areas. The programme started with the welcome speech by Prof. 4. Separate offices shall be established in all the Districts S.S. Rathore, Chairman, MEAI, Rajasthan Chapter – Udaipur and required staff through service provider be appointed from the DMF fund. wherein he highlighted the activities of the Association. The technical talk was given by Dr. (Ms) Srestha Banerjee, 5. The auditors shall carry Financial and Performance Programme Manager, Centre for Science and Environment Audit of the utilization of DMF fund every year. (CSE), New Delhi and Shri Aasif Ansari, Mining Engineer, 6. Public grievance cell should be established in each Department of Mines & Geology, GoR. District to resolve the public issues.

Dr. Srestha Banerjee highlighted that DMF came into being The programme concluded with the vote of thanks proposed after a decade long deliberations in the country for the reason by shri Madhu Sudan Paliwal, Secretary, MEAI Rajasthan that India’s richest mining districts are inhabited by some of Chapter- Udaipur. the country’s poorest and most deprived populations, which prompted the government to set up DMF. In September 2015, the union government launched the Pradhan Mantri Khanij Kshetra Kalyan Yojana (PMKKKY) to guide the DMFs on the process of planning, prioritization and utilization of funds. In last three years, DMFs in the country have collected more than Rs. 20,000 crores. This fund was to be utilized for the benefit of the mining affected areas and the communities. She has also pointed out that proper planning for utilisation for funds is lagging and participations of local people or Gram Sabha is not there. DMF funds were being diverted to fund the urban projects that have nothing to do with the priorities of mining-affected areas and communities.

Shri Aasif Ansari, ME, DMG, GoR highlighted that the availability of funds under different districts of the Rajasthan. He mentioned that funds more than Rs. 2000 crores are available under DMF fund in the State of Rajasthan. In Rajasthan, all the 33 districts are having Governing Council Lighting of Lamp by Shri Jitendra Upadhyay, IAS and Management Committees.

Shri Jitendra Upadhyay told that the respective committees have issued sanctions for various projects and there is a need for capacity building of people residing in mining affected areas through organizing different types of training. He opined that Gram Sabha is a weak link and need to be improved for involving local people in the decision making process.

Prof. U.S. Sharma said that DMF fund has been utilized for construction of smart class rooms in smart villages adopted by Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture and Technology, Uaipur.

Shri Arun Kothari has concluded the discussion by making the following recommendations to utilize the DMF fund. Address by Dr. (Ms) Srestha Banerjee

Mining Engineers’ Journal, Vol. 20, No. 4 31 November 2018 Obituary Late SRI K.V. RAMANA (LM-1212/F-24/Hyd) (6-5-1963 to 30-9-2018)

Sri Kasheeraju Venkata Ramana was a Life Member of the Association since inception of the Hyderabad chapter. He was born in Anantapur and studied in Kadapa school and completed Diploma in Address by Shri Asif Ansari Mining Engineering from Gudur Polytechnic College, Nellore District in 1981.

He passed First class Mine Manager’s certificate of competency in 1991-92. He completed MBA and PG Diploma in Production Management from Anna malai university. He Joined as a trainee in Western Coal fields in the year 1981-83 and then served Coromandel Cement Ltd 1983-89. He served Penna Cement Tadapatri and Sagar Cements Ltd from 1994- 2004 and became Sr Vice President (Mine) from 2006. He continued in this position until his demise on 30.09.2018.

The members of MEAI condole his demise and convey their profound condolences to his wife and other members Over all view of audience of his family.

Awarded Readers views Respected sir, Dr DS Rao Chief Scientist & Prof We are extremely thankful to MEAI office Bearers for AcSIR sending Journals in time in spite of the fact that we are residing in remote areas such as Bailadila and for sharing Mineral Processing Dept. very informative information related to happenings CSIR-Institute of occurring in Mining World, Technical papers etc. Minerals and Materials Regards Technology Anurag Ojha, Sr. Manager(Mining), Kirandul, NMDC Ltd Bhubaneswar- 751013 The Mining, Geological MEAI Members Contribution & Metallurgical Institute (Rs) to Flood Relief Fund after 18-9-2018 (MGMI) of India, Kolkata, awarded LALA RAMKISHORE SINGHAL AWARD for outstanding 1. Shri M.K. Bokadia Raj-Udaipur Chapter 11000 contribution in the field of Conservation of 2. Shri R.D. Saxena Raj-Udaipur Chapter 11000 Minerals during its AGM held on 29/09/2018. 3. Shri R.C. Kumawat Raj-Udaipur Chapter 2100 The Indian Institute of Mineral Engineers (IIME), 4. Shri K.V. Rao Hyderabad Chapter 2100 awarded MINERAL BENEFICIATION AWARD for 5. Shri C.P. Parihar Raj-Udaipur Chapter 11000 outstanding professional contributions to Mineral 6. Shri K.C. Meena Raj-Udaipur Chapter 11000 Engineering during the inaugural programme of 7. Shri Rajeev Bora Raj-Udaipur Chapter 11000 International Seminar MPT in 2018 held at IIT 8. Shri A.K. Nandwana Raj-Udaipur Chapter 5100 (ISM) Dhanbad on 10th Oct.2018.

Mining Engineers’ Journal, Vol. 20, No. 4 32 November 2018 CRIRSCO NEWS Report on NACRI participation in CRIRSCO Annual meeting held at London, 2018

Background Since Dr Abani Samal and Dr PV Rao were appointed by CRIRSCO as its representatives in India, it is their obligation to represent NACRI at the CRIRSCO Annual meeting. This is a voluntary responsibility assumed by both of them since their appointment by CRIRSCO in 2015. This year, the CRIRSCO Annual meeting was held at London. As a part of the preparation process to attend the Annual meeting, an annual report was sent to CRIRSCO and a teleconference was arranged between Dr Rao, Dr Samal and Dr Harry Parker, the sponsor of India matters at CRIRSCO. During this teleconference, Dr Parker stressed on attendance of Dr Rao and Dr Samal at the CRIRSCO Annual meeting. He also revealed that due to his declining health conditions, he proposed to appoint Mr Edson Rebiero, Brazil to lead the India matters in CRIRSCO, who will be assisted by Mr Ian Goddard on matters related to IMIC and Mr Roger Dixon related to NACRI Charter and related documents. Mr Roger Dixon worked with Dr PV Rao in bringing the NACRI Charter to a form that will be acceptable to the CRIRSCO subcommittee that is reviewing the India documents. Mr Ian Goddard and other members of this subcommittee also continued the review process of the IMIC. Due to family health issues, Dr Rao could not attend the CRIRSCO meeting. Dr Samal consulted with Dr Rao and Dr Parker in the final preparation for the meeting and made last minute arrangements for representing NACRI at the CRIRSCO annual meeting.

Presentations made In all two presentations were made. 1. Dr Harry Parker proposed a special meeting prior to the very first meeting of the executives of CRIRSCO; which was accepted by the CRIRSCO executive body. This meeting was held on the 16th September afternoon at the Radisson Blue Grafton hotel. This was the opportunity for NACRI to draw attention of the CRIRSCO executive body and make the case for India’s membership with CRIRSCO.

The following points were made in the presentation: • NACRI is a functional group existing for over three years with its Charter document ready • IMIC is now ready • Documents are ready to recognize (MEAI) as the first RPO o Bylaws amended o RCP category introduced in the bylaws o Formation of Ethics and disciplinary action committees ready any time • IMIC is widely accepted o Endorsed by FIMI, MEAI, Geological Society of India, MGMI and ASSOCHAM o Companies are now considering

The CRIRSCO executive body was also informed about the delay in MGMI’s decision to act on promised tasks for becoming another PO in the country, however given the progress made by MGMI, there was no certainty or assurance could be given regarding MGMI’s future path towards becoming a PO in the country.

Dr Samal appealed to CRIRSCO executive for recognition of NACRI Management Committee as the NRO and approval of IMIC as the Reporting Code for India. Following CRIRSCO’s approval, NACRI will recognize MEAI as the PO in the country. The NACRI will continue to engage with Mining Companies and Govt entities.

2. The second presentation was made during the open session of Annual meeting. This was a lengthy presentation made for the benefit of new members of CRIRSCO and path forward for India. Dr Samal clarified several questions raised by the members.

Mining Engineers’ Journal, Vol. 20, No. 4 33 November 2018 Two major points were discussed in detail: i. Path Forward: It was clarified that after the CRIRSCO Annual meeting, the latest documentation will be delivered to Mr Edson Ribeiro who will lead the subcommittee on India matters in CRIRSCO. Before the subcommittees’ final endorsement of the documentation, the comments if any from the subcommittee need to be addressed by NACRI. After that, Mr Edson will move the documents to the CRIRSCO executive for accomplishing the review within six weeks. Following this successful review process, if the CRIRSCO executives approve, the NACRI will propose the Indian Mineral Industry to join CRIRSCO. ii. Role of MEAI and MGMI: The CRIRSCO members were updated on the latest status of the preparedness of both these organizations to be recognized as the Professional Organizations in India.

Mr Tom Butler of the International Council on Mining and Metals (ICMM), made a presentation on role of ICMM and its relationship with CRIRSCO. It should be noted that ICMM is a strategic partner of CRIRSCO.

Final Thoughts At the end of the CRIRSCO Annual meeting, NACRI was set with the following agenda to work and achieve the goal of making India as a member of CRIRSCO. i. Work with CRIRSCO to make sure that all required documents are with CRIRSCO sub-committee for India for its final review ii. Continue to work with FIMI and mining companies to enlist support for NACRI and IMIC iii. When CRIRSCO issues a formal approval letter of NACRI’s application to join CRIRSCO, NACRI will organize the joining ceremony iv. Post joining process will include the Reciprocity process through CRIRSCO

CRIRSCO appreciated the progress made by NACRI and its sponsor MEAI in India and assured of all the support in enabling India join as a member of CRIRSCO.

Mining Engineers’ Journal, Vol. 20, No. 4 34 November 2018 Mining Engineers’ Journal, Vol. 20, No. 4 35 November 2018 Mining Engineers’ Journal, Vol. 20, No. 4 36 November 2018 Mining Engineers’ Journal, Vol. 20, No. 4 37 November 2018 conferences, seminars, workshops etc. India Jin Rong Da Jie, Beijing, China. Website: https://www.min- 24-25 November 2018: 431st International Conference inginvestmentchina.com/ on Mining, Material, and Metallurgical Engineering (ICM- 7-9 November 2018: 2nd International Congress on Plan- MME), Pune, India. For details Contact at email: info@aca- ning for Closure of Mining Operations at Santiago, Chile. demicsworld.org (regarding Conference queries); Phone: gecamin.com/planningforclosure +91-7077656338 or +66 947982504. 15-17 November 2018: MiningWorld Uzbekistan, Tash- 3-5 December 2018: Skill Development Programme on kent, Uzbekistan, Website: http://www.mining.uz/, Ph+998 MANAGING SAFETY & ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS 71 234 45 45 OF BLASTING at Jodhpur. For details contact: Prof Sushil Bhandari at (0291) 2624063, 2430189; email: sushil_bhan- 19-21 Nov 2018: PROCESS MINERALOGY '18. Process [email protected] Mineralogy ’18 will deal with Quantitative mineralogy; Geo- 5-6 December 2018: Indian Metals and Minerals Indus- metallurgy; Ore characterization; Mineral Liberation and try Agenda (IMMIAGE), The St. Regis, 462 Senapati Bapat Textural Analysis; Sampling and Statistics; Advanced Pro- Marg Lower Parel Lower Parel Mumbai Maharashtra 400013. cess Control. Cape Town, South Africa. Contact: Dr Barry India. IMMAGE Conference & Exhibition is the world’s fifth Wills, Email: [email protected] largest industry - Minerals, Metals, Metallurgy and Materials 22-23 November 2018: Mining Investment London, Lon- sectors. don, United Kingdom. 21 Piccadilly London, United King- 8-10 January 2019: Skill Development Programme on dom. Website: https://www.mininginvestmentlondon.com IMPROVING MINE EFFICIENCY & SAFETY WITH AD- VANCED BLASTING TECHNOLOGIES, at Udaipur. For 24-27 February 2019: Society of Mining Engineers (SME) details contact: Prof Sushil Bhandari at (0291) 2624063, Annual Conference & Expo, The Colorado Convention 2430189; email: [email protected] Center, 700 14th St, Denver, CO 80202 United States. The 2019 SME Annual Conference & Expo and CMA 121st Na- 22-24 January 2019: India Steel 2019, Mumbai Exhibition tional Western Mining Conference is the only conference Center, Mumbai. Contact: Ms. Gunjan Saxena, Executive, dedicated to all disciplines of mining engineering. http:// FICCI. Tel:+911123487271, Email: gunjan.minesmetals. www.smeannualconference.com [email protected] 21-24 February 2019: GMME India trade show, Regional’s 27-30 May 2019: Exponor Chile 2019 Antofagasta, Chile largest International expo for minerals, mining & construc- is an exhibition of global technology and innovation for the tion machinery. University Sports Pavillion, Udaipur, India. mining industry, bringing together more than 1,000 com- panies from 30 countries. Contact: http://www.exponor.cl/ 25-26 July 2019: Mining Investment India Conference ingles/ficha_tecnica.html and Exhibition (MIICE), Crowne Plaza, New Delhi Okh- la, India. Contact: Spire Events Pte Ltd. 2019 Mining Invest- 12-13 June 2019: Astana Mining & Metallurgy Expo ment India, 24 Peck Seah Street#02-09 Nehsons Building, 2019. Independence Palace, ASTANA. Contact: ITECA, Singapore. Phone: +65 6717 6018, Email: enquiry@spire- Telephone: +7 7272 58 34 34 (ext. 235), Email: gaukhar. events.com, Web: https://www.spire-events.com/ [email protected] Website: amm.kz Abroad 15-17 August 2019: 6th International Conference on Min- ing, Material, and Metallurgical Engineering (MMME'19), 29 Oct - 01 Nov 2018: International Mining and Resourc- Lisbon, Portugal. Contact: International ASET Inc. Unit No. es Conference (IMARC) at Melbourne, Australia. IMARC is where global mining leaders connect with technology, 104, 2442 St. Joseph Blvd., Orléans, Ontario, Canada, K1C finance and the future. As Australia’s largest mining event 1G1. Contact: Phone: +1-613-834-9999, info@mmmecon- it brings together over 5000 decision makers from over 90 ference.com countries for four days of learning, deal-making and unpar- 27-29 August 2019: Asia Pacific International Mining Ex- alleled networking. hibition (AIMEX), Sydney Showground, 1 Showground Rd, 7-8 November 2018: Mining Investment China, Beijing, Sydney, New South Wales 2127Australia. Contact: Phone: China. The Westin Beijing Financial Street Hotel, Xicheng, +61 2 9704 111. http://www.aimex.com.au/home/

Printed and Published by S. Krishnamurthy, Secretary General, Mining Engineers’ Association of India, on behalf of Mining Engineers’ Association of India and printed at Deepu Printers, Raghava Ratna Towers, Chirag Ali Lane, Nampally, Hyderabad - 500 001. and published at F-608 & 609, ‘A’ Block, VI Floor, Raghavaratna Towers, Chirag Ali Lane, Abids, Hyderabad - 500 001. Editor: Dr. P.V. Rao

Mining Engineers’ Journal, Vol. 20, No. 4 38 November 2018 CMYK

Date of Publication: 26-10-2018 Regd. with RNI R.No. 71519/99; No. of Pages: 36+Cover 4 Date of Posting: 29 / 30 of every month Postal Regd. No. H-HD-GPO/024/2018-2020

Official Publication of Mining Engineers’ Association of India

Price `100/-

Vol. 20 No. 4 Monthly November - 2018

Mining Engineers’ Association of India Flat-608 & 609, Raghava Ratna Towers, A-Block, VI Floor, Chirag Ali Lane, Abids, Hyderabad - 500001 Ph.: 040 - 66339625, 23200510, Email: [email protected] Website: www.meai.org

CMYK CMYK

Date of Publication: 26-10-2018 Regd. with RNI R.No. 71519/99; No. of Pages: 36+Cover 4 Date of Posting: 29 / 30 of every month Postal Regd. No. H-HD-GPO/024/2018-2020

Official Publication of Mining Engineers’ Association of India

Price `100/-

Vol. 20 No. 4 Monthly November - 2018

Mining Engineers’ Association of India Flat-608 & 609, Raghava Ratna Towers, A-Block, VI Floor, Chirag Ali Lane, Abids, Hyderabad - 500001 Ph.: 040 - 66339625, 23200510, Email: [email protected] Website: www.meai.org

CMYK