DOCSLIB.ORG

R. K. SUKHTANKAR Petrogra Plly

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
R. K. SUKHTANKAR Petrogra Plly JOURNAL GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF INDIA Vol. 26, June 1985, pp. 426 to 428 EUHEDRAJoJ AUTHIGENIC TOURMALINE FROl\1 THE KALADGI SANHSTONE, JAMKHANDI, BIJAPUR DISTRICT, KARNATAKA R. K. SUKHTANKAR Department of Geology, University of Poona, Pune 411 007. Abstract PI:trographical studies of the KaJadgi sandstone of Precambrian age from the Bijapur district, Karnataka, revealed the presence of detrital and authigenic tourmaline. The presence of authigenic lOurmaline in the form of individual crystals is used to deci· pher the post-depositional geochemical changes. The increasing silica content and the alka1inl~ pH of the interstitial fluids have favoured the formation of authigenic tourma­ line. Introduction The lithology and structure of the Precambrian Kaladgi basin have been des­ cribed previously (Foote, 1876; Nautiyal, 1966; Gokhale, 1977; Viswanathiah~ 1968, 1977). Petrographical studies of these rocks around lamkhandi (16°, 30' N; 75°, IS' E), Bijapur district,. Karnataka, were undertaken to evaluate the post-depo­ sitional changes in them. During the studies, the presence of authigenic tourmaline as individual grains has been recognized in the Kaladgi sandstone. Geology The Kaladgi Group, represented by conglomerate, sandstone and shale of Pre­ cambrian age overlies basement granites and gneisses and is, in turn, overlain by the Deccan ba~,a1t flows of Late Cretaceous to Miocene period. Sandstone is the major. litho-unit of the Kaladgi Group in the area investigated. Field studies indicate the presence of an easterly plunging syncline (Fig. 1). Petrogra pllY Quartz, feldspar and lithic fragments are the major detrital minerals. In some rnicrosections, tourmaline and clay minerals are present as accessories. Cement is argillaceou8, ferruginous, calcareous or siliceous in composition. Sandstone is classi­ fied as quartzose arenite to subfe:ldsarenite to feldspathic wackes, as per the classi­ fication of Okada (1971). It is c.bserved that each type of cement has replaced detrital minerals, j.e.~ quartz and feldspar to varying degrees, indicating post-depositional changes (Plate I, photo I). Clay minerals are devl~loped in sandstones with argillaceous cement, due to authigem!sis (Plate I, photo 2). Tourmaline is present in two. clearly distinct forms, exhibiting differences in colour, grain size, habit and mode of occurrence. One type is pleochroic in shades of brown and green and shows abrasional rounding of corners and edges. It shows development of overgrowths on its curved borders (Plate I r, Fig. 1). In contrast, the second ltype shows pleochroism in shades of blue and green, and parallel extinc­ tion. It oc:curs in the form of acicular, prismatic needles, with an average size range between 0.02 mm - 0.1 mm (Plate II, photo 2). It occupies intergranular or interstitial spaces and is free from any overgrowths and is prescnt only in sandstone with carbonate cement. 0016-7622/85/26-6-426/$ 1.00 © Geol. Soc. India. JOUR. GEOL. SOc. INDIA, VOL. 26, No. 6 PLATE r 1 Figure I. Authigenic overgrowth on potash feldspar (i ndicated by an arrow), bar scale 0.5 mm . 2 Figure 2. Replacement of detrital feldspar and quartz by calcareous cement; note the presence of tourmaline in the cement, bar scale 0.4 mm. JOUR . GEOL. SOc. INDIA. VOL .. 26, No. 6. PLATF II 1 Figure I. Authigenic overgrowth on detrital, rounded tourmaline (indicated by an arrow), bar scale 0.04 mm . 2. Figure 2. Development l,f authigenic tourmaline at the expense of the cement, bar scale 0.03 mm. RESEARCH NOTES 427 10" 30 .. ~. 15' . ..,..... 10· . ""r' ...,.. 10'. ...,.. .. \0 _ . ~~::: ...... 10' : : '. ~ : : : I---------t H~n~ht~af.t! lif' /I {\ ~ 1\ BASALT SHALE D- " 1\ 1\ " 1\ A 1\ 1\ II. SANDSTONE /I 1\ /I :" /I 1\ 1\ 1\ 1\ I\~II GRANITE 1\ 1l..:;"..:/I "(10~ 1\ •. /1 1\ 1\ /I 75 15 E 1\ 1\ 1\ OIP~ STRIKE Figure 1. Geological Map of the area around Jamkhandi Bij apur District, Karnataka. These features are taken to mean that there are two generations of tourmaline in the Kaladgi sandstone. Discussion The KaJadgi sandstone exhibits diagenetic changes, such aS 1 ferruginous coating on detrital grains, authigenic overgrowths on detrital quartz, feldspar, zircon and tourmaline, and replacement of quartz and feldspar in varying degrees by different types of cement. Of these, overgrowths on the cores of detrital feldspar, tourma­ line and zircon have been reported earlier (Govinda Raju]u and Gowda, 1968; Govioda Rajulu and Nagaraja, 1966, 1967, 1969). The feldspathization of the Kaladgi sandstone from Bilgi, Bijapur district has been reported by Viswanathiah and Murthy (1977). G0vinda Rajulu and Nagaraja (1969) have reported 'authigenic tourmaline' from the Kaladgi sandstone from the lamkhandi area. However, their description relates to authigenic overgrowths on the cores of detrital tourmaline grains and not ,on authigenic tourmaline grains sensu stricto. From the figure showing overgrowths on tourmaline, presented by Govinda Rajulu and Nagaraja (op. cit.), it appears that their observations are based on the separated heavy mineral fractions and not on microsections of the Kaladgi sandstone. The presence of overgrowths on tourmaline ,grains have led them to conclude the discrete crystals of tourmaline from the Jam­ khandi sandstone as part of detrital matrix rather than authigenic. J n the present studies, the second variety of tourma1ine, to which an authigenic {)rigin is being suggested, is in association with carbonate cement. This suggests synchroneity. The petrographic observations also reveal the replacement of detrital quartz grains by carbonate cement. The presence of carbonate cement suggests that the nature of the interstitial fluids was changing from acidic to alkaline. The 428 RESEARCH NOTES replacement of detrital quartz (i.e., dissolution of silica) by carbonate cement jndi-· cates the increasing concentration of silica in the interstitial fluids. The geochemical changes were thus characterized by increasing silica content and alkaline pH. The geochemicaJ changes - replacement of quartz and precipitation of carbonate cement - took place in alkaline solutions having pH greater than 9 (Friedman and Sanders,. 1978). According to the report made by Gautier (1979), the possibility of the for-· mation of tourmaline by authigenesis cannot be ruled out. Conclusion The petrographical studies of the Kaladgi sandstone from the lamkhandi area reveal the presence of two generations of tourmaline - detrital and authigenic. The geoch(:mical changes characterized by increasing silica content and alkaline pH in the interstitial fluids, during post-depositional period, appear to have favoured the formation of authigenic tourmaline. The presence of ferruginous cement suggests reducing conditions, thereby indi­ cating the restricted nature of the ·basin. The change from acidic to alkaline pH and replac(:ment of detrital quartz by carbonate cement suggests that the nature of the Kaladgi Basin, in this part of the area, changed from a restricted to an open basin. Acknowledgements: The author is thankful to Prof. K. B .. Powar, Head of the Geology Department, Ponna University, for providing facilities and useful sugges­ tions; to rv1frs A. P. Gokhale for her help during the course of the present work and to Mr. A. 13. Chakranarayan for going through the manuscript. References FOOTE, R. B., (l876) Geological features of the Southern Mahratta Country and adjoining districts. Geol. Soc. India Mem., v. 12; part I, p. 86. FRIEDMAN, G. M. and SANDERS, J. E., (1978) Principles of Sedimentology. John Wiley & Sons. rnc., p. 792. GAUTIER, D. L.; (1979) Preliminary report of authigenic euhedral tourmaline crystals in a productive gas reservoir of the Tigu Ridge Field, North Central Montana. Jour. Sed. Pet., v. 49, pp. 911-916. GOKHAI.E, N, W., (1977) Sinistral faulting and other associated structures in sandstones or­ Saundatti, Belgaum district, Karnataka. Indian ~finera/., v. IS,'pp. 73-78. GOVINDA RA.IULU, B. V. and GOWDA, c., (1968) Authigenic plagioclase feldspar from the Upper KaJadgi quartzites of Lokapur, Bijapur district, Mysore State. Geol. Soc. India Bull" v. 5, no. 4, pp. 124·127. GOVINDA RAJULU, B. V. and NAGARAJA, H. R., (1966) Authigenic zircons from the Lower KaJadgi formation. Jamkhandi, Mysore State. Geol. Soc, India Bull., v. 3, no. I, pp. 19-21. -- (1967) Authigenie feldspars from the Lower Kaladgi arkoses of Jamkhandi, Mysort! Statt:. Jour. Sed. Pet., v. 37, pp. 707-709. -- (1969) Authigenic tourmaline from the Lower Kaladgi sandstones from Jamkhandi. Mysore State. Jour. Sed, Pet., v. 39, pp. 391-394. NAUTIYAL, S. P., (1966) Precambrians of Mysore Plateau. Presidential address, Geo!. & Geogr~ Sect.. Indian Sci. Congress Proc., v. 53; pp, 1-14. OKADA, M., (1971) Classification of sandstones: analysis and proposal. Jour. Ceol., v. 79, pp. 507-525. VISWANATHI)~H, M. N., t1969) Badami series: A new post KaJadgi formation of Mysore State. Geo/, Soc. India Bull" v. 5, pp. 94-97. VISWANATHlAH, M. N. and MURTHY, T. R. S.; (1977) Potash fcldspathisation of conglomerate and subfeldsarenites of KaJadgi Group, Bilgi, Bijapur district, Karnataka, India. lndiafl' Miner., v. 18, pp. 85·93. ( Received .. Feb. 21, 1984; Revised form accepted .. Mar. 19, 1984 ) .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Shiva's Waterfront Temples
    Shiva’s Waterfront Temples: Reimagining the Sacred Architecture of India’s Deccan Region Subhashini Kaligotla Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY 2015 © 2015 Subhashini Kaligotla All rights reserved ABSTRACT Shiva’s Waterfront Temples: Reimagining the Sacred Architecture of India’s Deccan Region Subhashini Kaligotla This dissertation examines Deccan India’s earliest surviving stone constructions, which were founded during the 6th through the 8th centuries and are known for their unparalleled formal eclecticism. Whereas past scholarship explains their heterogeneous formal character as an organic outcome of the Deccan’s “borderland” location between north India and south India, my study challenges the very conceptualization of the Deccan temple within a binary taxonomy that recognizes only northern and southern temple types. Rejecting the passivity implied by the borderland metaphor, I emphasize the role of human agents—particularly architects and makers—in establishing a dialectic between the north Indian and the south Indian architectural systems in the Deccan’s built worlds and built spaces. Secondly, by adopting the Deccan temple cluster as an analytical category in its own right, the present work contributes to the still developing field of landscape studies of the premodern Deccan. I read traditional art-historical evidence—the built environment, sculpture, and stone and copperplate inscriptions—alongside discursive treatments of landscape cultures and phenomenological and experiential perspectives. As a result, I am able to present hitherto unexamined aspects of the cluster’s spatial arrangement: the interrelationships between structures and the ways those relationships influence ritual and processional movements, as well as the symbolic, locative, and organizing role played by water bodies.
    [Show full text]
  • Pre-Feasibility Report
    PROJECT: LIME STONE & DOLOMITE MINING PROJECT PRE-FEAS IBILITY REPORT APPLICANT: SRI K.H.SABARAD 1 PROJECT: LIME STONE & DOLOMITE MINING PROJECT PRE-FEAS IBILITY REPORT APPLICANT: SRI K.H.SABARAD PRE-FEASIBILITY REPORT FOR HEBBAL LIMESTONE & DOLOMITE MINE (Expansion) Hebbal Village, Mudhol Taluk, Bagalkot District Area - 4.86 ha Enhancement Production:-57,000 TPA to 1,20,000 TPA Applicant: Sri. K.H. Sabarad APMC Yard, Mallammanagar Nagar, Mudhol-587313 Mudhol Taluk, Bagalkot District, Karnataka Prepared by: M/S SRI SAI MANASA NATURE TECH PVT. LTD (SSMNTECH) #906, B, WING, 9TH FLOOR, MITTAL TOWER MG ROAD, BANGALORE-56001 2 PROJECT: LIME STONE & DOLOMITE MINING PROJECT PRE-FEAS IBILITY REPORT APPLICANT: SRI K.H.SABARAD 1.1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1.2 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The subject Mining lease area granted for Mining of Limestone and Dolomite by Sri. K.H. Sabarad of Hebbal Limestone & Dolomite Mine for ML No.2493 is situated in Sy.No. 118(P), in 4.86 Ha, in Hebbal Village, Mudhol Taluk, Bagalkot District Karnataka state in Patta Lands. The lease area is a non- forest waste land. The mining plan was approved under MMDR Act, 1957 vide approval No.MP/MAN-562(KNT)/GOA/2004-05 DATED 27.09.2004. As per the MMDR Act, 2015 the mining lease period would be for 50 years from 01.07.2005 to mine limestone. The date of expiry of mining lease will be 30.06.2055 and the date of commencement of mining operation in this area was 06.12.2006. The modification in approved mining plan was approved under MCDR Act 1988 for enhancement of production vide approval No.MP/MAN-562(KNT)/GOA/200-2005 DATED 16.01.2008.
    [Show full text]
  • Decoding the Cultural Landscape of Badami
    Decoding the cultural landscape of Badami - Towards sustainability Pragya Shankar Assistant Professor School of Enviornment and Design Navrachana University, Vadodara [email protected] There exist a great variety of Landscapes that are representative of the different regions of the world. Combined works of nature and humankind, they express a long and intimate relationship between peoples and their natural environment. Cultural landscapes testify to the creative genius, social development and the imaginative and spiritual vitality of humanity. They are part of our collective identity. (UNESCO) Culture is the agent, the natural area is the medium, the cultural landscape the result (Sauer, 1925). Cultural landscapes are as much the expression of culture as the disciplines of arts and architecture. These are reflection of the common existential ideas and represent the relationship of people with the environment. This world view is a people's more or less systematic attempt to make sense of environment. To be livable, nature and society must show order and display a harmonious relationship (Tuan, 1977). The environment has been considered detrimental in shaping of cultures by environmental determinists, whereas according to the ideas of cultural determinism, it is culture which influences the relationship of man with environment. None the less, it is an accepted premise that both, the environment and culture are very closely inter-related and have multifaceted relationship with each other, the original landscape forms the part of transcendental idea and the world view and there are landscapes removed from the original place, but represent elements in similar relationships. Cultural landscape of India Landscape in India offer the possibility of transcendental experiences, their cultural meaning going beyond views or the visual composition of forms.
    [Show full text]
  • Maps of Bagalkot District
    MAPS OF BAGALKOT DISTRICT Page 1 Important officials and their contact numbers 1 State Level Officers Officers Phone numbers Name Office Residence Mobile Chief Secretary Dr E V Ramanareddy 080-22252442 080-22256569 Chief Electoral Officer Sanjeev Kumar 080-22242042 080-23514959 9448290830 Regional Commissioner P A Meghannavar 0831-2404007 0831-2422721 9448453999 I G (Belgaum Range) 0831-2405200 0831-2405201 9480800029 2. Important Officials in the CEO’s Office Sl No Name and Designation of Activities to be monitored Contact Number State Nodal Officers 1 Sri K. G. Jagadeesha Implementation of MCC Ph: 080-22288821 Additional CEO-I Mainaintance of Law & Order Election Expenditure Monitoring Expenditure Obeservers (Protocol) 2 Sri Ujjwal Kumar Ghosh Manpower Management and Data Ph: 080-22242024 Additional CEO-II Computerization Transport Management Counting Halls & Strong Rooms Welfare of Polling Personnel 3 Sri. Raghavendra EVMs & VVPATs Management Ph: 080-22224195 Deputy CEO 4 Sri. Surya Sen IT & use of Technology EMS Ph: 080-22288822 Joint CEO Monitoring & Communication plan Website 5 Sri. H. Jnanesh Training Management Ph: 080-22288824 DCEO-III 6 Sri K. N. Ramesh Materials Management Ph: 080-22234198 Joint CEO Ballot Papers, Dummy Ballot Paper & Postal Ballot Papers General Observers Protocol Polling Stations, Provision for PWDs 7 Sri D. N. Naik Helpline & Complaints redressal Ph: 080-22288823 Sr. Consultant 8 Sri. B. S. Hiremath Media/ Political Parties Communication Ph: 7259900300 Sr. Consultant Conduct of meetings & Drawing Proceedings. Documentation/ Monitoring 9 Sri Vastrad. P. S SVEEP action plan Developing of content for SVEEP Documentation of SVEEP Page 2 3. General Observers Name Constituency Mobile Liaison Officer Mobile 19.
    [Show full text]
  • M/S.Bagalkot Cement & Industries Ltd, Bagalkot District, Karnataka
    Violation Letter By Regd Post/ AD भारत सरकार /Government of India खान मंत्राऱय/ Ministry of Mines भारतीय खान ब्य ूरो/ Indian Bureau of Mines क्षेत्रीय खान ननयंत्रक का कायााऱय/ Office of the Regional Controller of Mines Phone No.: (0832) - 2741757 Opp. R.T.O.’s Office, Fax No. : (0832) –2741758 P.O. FATORDA - 403602, E-Mail : [email protected] Margao - GOA KNT/BJP/LST-21/GOA 38KAR26005 Dated: 10/05/2018 To, M/s.Bagalkot Cement & Industries Ltd, Bagalkot District, Karnataka – 587 111. Sub: Violation of provisions of Mineral Conservation & Development Rules, 2017 in respect of Kaladgi Limestone Mine (ML-1733) over an extent of 167.32 Hectares situated in Kaladgi Village, Bagalkot Taluk, Bagalkot District of Karnataka State - Reg. Sir, The following provision of Mineral Conservation & Development Rules, 2017 was found violated during the inspection of your above mine on 22.04.2018 by the undersigned. Mining operations in the lease area are not carried out as per the last approved Mining Scheme. The following deviation is observed during inspection, a) It was proposed in Para 2.0 & Plate-III-A to produce Limestone in between Section line A- A’ to C-C’. But, on the day of inspection, it was observed, that the no operation were carried out at proposed area. b) It was proposed to drill 23 boreholes during 2017-2018, whereas no exploration has been carried out. c) During the inspection it was observed that no plantation was carried out in the lease area 11 (1) during the year 2017-2018 although there is a proposal of planting 600 saplings per year d) It is proposed in the undertaking to submit the DGPS plan within 180 days from the Mining plan approval.
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 17 Places of Interest.Pdf
    782 Dharwad District CHAPTER 17 PLACES OF INTEREST he district of Dharwad, a plateau situated 2,500 ft. above the mean sea level, forming part T of the extended curvilinear valleys of the western Ghats, has paved the way for the community living of the people in the district right from early times, due to its mountain ranges covered with natural forest, river valleys and vast plain lands. The district has innumerable places where architectural remnants of the Shatavahana, the Badami Chalukya, the Rashtrakuta, and the Kalyana Chalukya period, still exists. Besides the religious centres, one can see holy places where saints and sages lived, spots of natural beauty; towns of commercial and cultural importance; while few are significant as pre- historic centres, several others are important due to the political events of historic importance that occured therein. The river valleys, and places like Bankapur, Abalur, Galaganath, Chaudadanapur, Lakshmeswar, Lakkundi, Gadag, Kalkeri, Tilavalli, Rattihalli, Dambal, Hangal, Yalavatti, and many more may be mentioned of. In this chapter an endeavour is made to introduce to the reader not only the well- known places, but also those which have remained largely either out of reach or unfamiliar to the people. When viewed in the light of the rich archaeological background of the district, our survey can hardly be regarded as adequate. The architectural and sculptural remains in the District are quite rich and varied and hence the aim of this chapter is to introduce them concisely. (but, in a work of this kind only a concise account can be given). Likewise, places of enchanting natural beauty have also been included.
    [Show full text]
  • Challenges in Geospatial Documentation of Unprotected Built Heritage Sites in India
    GENERAL ARTICLES Challenges in geospatial documentation of unprotected built heritage sites in India Kuili Suganya* India is generally accepted as a treasure trove of many thousands of built heritage sites. If one looks for a list of such sites with its geographical location and some basic identificatory descrip- tion, unfortunately there is none, except for the ones protected by the Government authorities. Today with most geospatial databases being on digital platform, it is extremely important to recog- nize and also include the unprotected built heritage sites. Doing this is the need for the hour, in light of dramatic changes to the landscape caused by developmental activities that are insensitive to cultural heritage. This article looks in detail at the extent of digital information available on the location of Indian monuments (both protected and unprotected), the challenges in extracting and bringing it into a geospatial platform with the case study of Arasibidi in north Karnataka, India. Keywords: Arasibidi, digital heritage, geospatial documentation, listing unprotected monuments. Given India’s rich architectural heritage, even with best to the digital domain. The kind of compilation discussed efforts using traditional documentation methods, a com- here is a prerequisite for creating an effective digital arc- plete list of all the ancient monuments (any man-made hival database of location of heritage sites. Creating such structure which has ‘historical, archaeological and artistic database requires authentic identification of the precise interest’ that has been in existence for more than a hun- geo-coordinates of the heritage sites by meticulous scru- dred years as defined by Ancient Monuments Act of tiny of literature followed by systematic ground valida- India1) has not been created.
    [Show full text]
  • HISTORY Geographically Located on the South Western Part of South India, Karnataka Has Abundant Natural Resources
    Chapter II HISTORY Geographically located on the south western part of South India, Karnataka has abundant natural resources. Its western ghats with rich forest resources, and plain valleys, is crowned with more prosperous narrow coast line. Its Mangalore Newport has enhanced its value in terms of international trade with rich foreign exchange. Above all, it has rich cultural tradition and puranic legends of historical importance. Pre History : Karnataka has a hoary past. It is blessed with innumerable inscriptions, memorial (viz. Hero, Mahasati and Self immolation) stones and monuments of rich historical and cultural heritage. It has many sites of Pre- historic period and most of them are found scattered on the river valleys of Krishna, Bhima, Malaprabha, Ghataprabha, Cauvery, Hemavathi, Shimsha, Tungabhadra, Manjra, Pennar, Netravati etc. and their tributaries. It is very interesting to note that the Pre-historic studies in India started with the discovery of ashmounds at Kupgal and Kudatini in 1836 by Cuebold, a British offcer in Bellary region, which then formed part of Madras Presidency. Subsequent discoveries have revealed the existence of stone age man with innumerable Pre-historic sites in Karnataka. The Pre-historic culture of Karnataka viz., the Hand-axe culture, compares favourably with the one that existed in Africa and is quite distinct from the Pre-historic culture of North India. Places like Hunasagi, Gulbal, Kaladevanahalli, Tegginahalli, Budihal, Piklihal, Kibbanahalli, Nittur, Anagavadi, Kaladgi, Khyad, Nyamati, Balehonnur and Uppinangadi (Lower Palaeolithic) ; Herakal, Tamminahal, Savalgi, Salvadgi, Menasagi, Pattadakal, Vajjala, Naravi and Talakad (Middle Palaeolithic); Kovalli, Ingaleshvara, Yadwad and Maralabhavi (Upper Palaeolithic); Begaumpur, Vanamapurahalli, Hingani, Ingaleshwara, Tamminahal, Sringeri, Jalahalli, Kibbanahalli, Sanganakal, Brahmagiri, Uppinangadi, Mani and Doddaguni (Mesolithic); Maski, T.
    [Show full text]
  • Analysis and Interpretation of Shear Zones in Kaladgi Basin Exposed at and Around Sirasangi, Belgaum District, Karnataka, India
    INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC & TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH VOLUME 8, ISSUE 12, DECEMBER 2019 ISSN 2277-8616 Analysis And Interpretation Of Shear Zones In Kaladgi Basin Exposed At And Around Sirasangi, Belgaum District, Karnataka, India ANANT G. PUJAR, A. SREENIVASA. Abstract: Deformation in the lithosphere is observed in the rocks that have undergone strain and are represented as shear zone. These s hear zones mark an important in the interpreting faults associated with them. The area under investigation falls in the Kaladgi Basin exposed around Sirasangi of Belgaum district of Karnataka state, India. Rocks exposed here show varying amount of shear zones indicating that the rocks h ave undergone deformation. The present study happens to be the analysis and interpretation of these shear zones using various techniques after obtaining the attitude of the shear zones. The data obtained like attitude are analyzed with respect to their directional frequency which indicate the deformation sense. Plotting these shear sense in the stereogram visualizes the rate of deformation of the area, resulting in obtaining the preponderant direction for the entire study area. Index Terms: Preponderant direction, rosette diagram, shear sense, shear zone, stereogram —————————— —————————— 1. INTRODUCTION shear trending N-S is seen in the central part of the study area Shear zones differ from joints, in being irregular with respect to starting from Mullur, covering Kallur and adjacent areas. Thus, trends, inclination and distance. Usually shear zone occur near indicating that these areas are highly deformed comparative to to fault plane as the bedding planes are disturbed the the western and the eastern part. appearance of crushed layer appears.
    [Show full text]
  • Mining Engineers' Association of India
    CMYK Date of Publication: 26-10-2018 Regd. with RNI R.No. 71519/99; No. of Pages: 36+Cover 4 Date of Posting: 29 / 30 of every month Postal Regd. No. H-HD-GPO/024/2018-2020 Official Publication of Mining Engineers’ Association of India Price `100/- Vol. 20 No. 4 MONTHLY November - 2018 Mining Engineers’ Association of India Flat-608 & 609, Raghava Ratna Towers, A-Block, VI Floor, Chirag Ali Lane, Abids, Hyderabad - 500001 Ph.: 040 - 66339625, 23200510, Email: [email protected] Website: www.meai.org CMYK CMYK Date of Publication: 26-10-2018 Regd. with RNI R.No. 71519/99; No. of Pages: 36+Cover 4 Date of Posting: 29 / 30 of every month Postal Regd. No. H-HD-GPO/024/2018-2020 Official Publication of Mining Engineers’ Association of India Price `100/- Vol. 20 No. 4 MONTHLY November - 2018 Mining Engineers’ Association of India Flat-608 & 609, Raghava Ratna Towers, A-Block, VI Floor, Chirag Ali Lane, Abids, Hyderabad - 500001 Ph.: 040 - 66339625, 23200510, Email: [email protected] Website: www.meai.org CMYK Official Publication of Mining Engineers’ Association of India Vol. 20 No. 4 MONTHLY November - 2018 this issue contains... President’s Message 5 Editor's Desk 7 News from the mining world 8 Geophysical Investigation Through Vertical President Electrical Sounding (VES) for The Investigation Arun Kumar Kothari of Clay Deposit Near Village Chak Dadar, Vice President- I Vice President - II Vice President - III Tehsil Kolayat, District Bikaner (Rajasthan) 15 S.K. Pattnaik K. Madhusudhana S.N. Mathur - Dr. Neeraj Srivastava, Kamal Yadav and Shiv Kumar Lakhara3 Secretary General S.
    [Show full text]
  • Illite Crystallinity Index from the Mesoproterozoic Sedimentary Cover of the Kaladgi Basin, Southwestern India
    J. Earth Syst. Sci. (2019) 128:101 c Indian Academy of Sciences https://doi.org/10.1007/s12040-019-1124-7 Illite crystallinity index from the Mesoproterozoic sedimentary cover of the Kaladgi basin, southwestern India: Implications on crustal depths of subsidence and deformation Mrinal Kanti Mukherjee1,*, Kunal Modak1 and Jiten Ghosh2 1Department of Applied Geology, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad 826004, Jharkhand, India. 2Advanced Mechanical and Material Characterization Division, CSIR-Central Glass and Ceramics Research Institute, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India. *Corresponding author. e-mail: mrinal [email protected] MS received 20 January 2018; revised 15 July 2018; accepted 18 October 2018 The grade of metamorphism and thermal maturity of the Mesoproterozoic Bagalkot Group in the Kaladgi basin of southwestern India has been determined using the illite crystallinity (IC) index. IC index was determined from the argillite samples of four stratigraphic levels viz., Ramdurg Formation (basal unit), Yargatti Formation (intermediate lower unit), Yadahalli Formation (intermediate upper unit) and Hoskatti formation (upper unit). IC index (Kubler equivalent) values range between 0.54◦Δ2θ and 0.24◦Δ2θ (in a set of 37 samples) and indicate a deep diagenetic to high anchizone metamorphic grade within a temperature range of ∼180 to 300◦C. The Mesoproterozoic sedimentary cover of the Kaladgi basin is deformed due to southerly directed gravity gliding of the cover over the basement. The general variation of the IC index along and across the basin as indicated by the distribution of IC index values and isocryst contour patterns is due to the combined effect of deformation and variable subsidence of the Mesoproterozoic cover of the basin.
    [Show full text]
  • District Census Handbook, Bijapur, Part XII-B, Series-11
    CENSUS OF INDIA 1991 Series -11 KARNATAKA DISTRICT CENSUS HANDBOOK BUAPUR DISTRICT PART XII-B VILLAGE AND TOWN WISE PRIMARY CENSUS ABSTRACT SOBnA NAMBISAN­ Director of Census Operations, Kamataka CONTENTS Page No. FOREWORD V - VI PREFACE VII - VIII IMPORTANT STATISTICS IX - XII ANALYTICAL NOTE 1 - 39 PRIMARY CENsus ABSTRACT Explanatory Notes 43 - 46 A. District Primary Census Abstract 48 - 65 (i) Villageffown Primary Census Abstract Alphabetical List of Villages - Badami C.D.Block 69 - 72 Primary Ce::t~us Abstract - Badami C.D.Block 74 - 93 Alphabetical List of Villages - Bagalkot C.D.Block 97-99 Primary Census Abstract - Bagalkot C.D.Block 100 - 111 Alphabetical List of Villages - Basavana Bagevadi C.D.Block 115 - 117 Primary Census Abstract - Basavana Bagevadi C.D.Block 118 - 133 Alphabetical List of Villages - Bijapur C.D.Block 137 - 139 Primary Census Abstract - Bijapur C.D.Block 140 - 155 Alphabetical ~ist of Villages - Bilgi C.D.Block 159 - 160 Primary Census Abstract - Bilgi C.D.Block 162 - 173 Alphabetical List of Villages - Hungund C.O.Block 177 - 180 Primary Census Abstract - Hungund C.D.Block 182 - 201 Alphabetical List of Villages '" Jndi C.D.Block 205 - 208 Primary Census Abstract - Indi C.D.Block 210 - 225 Alphabetical List of Villages - Ja~khandi C.D.Block 229 - 230 Primary Census Abstract - Iamkhandi C.D.Block 232 - 243 Alphabetical List. of Villages - Muddebihal C.D.Block 247 - 250 Primary Census. Abstract . - Muddebihal C.D.Block 252 - 271 Alphabetical List of Villages - Mudhol C.D.Block • 275 - 277 Primary Census Abstract
    [Show full text]