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Formation on the Rhodesian Situatj.Or,, Nol'laa3.L LWS SU~~RY--ON RHODESIA This news sur-nary will be pr.intcd regularly as a service mE in- formation on the Rhodesian situatj.or,, Nol'laa3.ly it will cane out every day, The first issues, hawever, will carry a summary sf events fror~the Unilateral Declaration of Independence, Nov, 3.1, (National Student Christi~nFederation C~mr~itteeon Southern Africa, Novenber 23, 1965) --.----NCIVEI4BER 11: Eh4desia declared independence from Great Pritian, ' Prine Minister Ian Snith teoli this actisn folluwing unsuccessful negotiations with Britian. kt issue was .the rale ef the countryis 4 nilliean Africains in a state presently controll.ed by 228,000 whites. Bsitian refused ,9krodesisn indepeildence without guarantees which would,yradually include the African gopulatisn in the government. At pxesent they are only able to vote f0r 18 eut of 65 members sf parliament, Inability te reach an agreement with Britian resullzed in the uni.iatera!, t3eclaxastion of independence by Rhodesia, Rhodesia maintained alLcgianee to the Queen, Censarship went into effect innediately.so that Rhodesians have,not heard or.read the intexnational reaction, except frm radio.broad- czsta into Rhodesia fron out side tbe country, ,'The Britisl~Governnent dec3-ared Rhodesia s.action to be rebe8lian and:treason. The British Governsr of Rhodesia, Sir Hlmnphrgy Gibbs, aus~endedTan Smith and his cabinet from office, .Rhodesia was exseXle3 f ron the steriing area. IIer Cor~~ont-re3lthpreferential tari£f tEcatment.v?as suspended, The puachaue sf tebacca, and sugar were . banned in Br it ian. Tlie United Nations General Asser.ibly adopted a resolution appealing .to .Gxeat Bxitien t9 take the steps essential for endXng.the white rnin~ritygovexnnent in Rhodesia, Only Seuth Africa 2nd Portugal voted against the res@lution, France abstained anthe gxeunds that the issue w2s conp1etel.y between Britian and her colony, The United States denaunced Rhsdesia8s actisn, The Consul General in Rhedesis, Rosewell D, ~c~1qlland,was xecalled and the United States Inf srnatien' Service will be closed,. NOVEMBETI.. 12: The U,N, ~ecurity.Council cond~r~~nedfbe~unilatarwl. declaratian of independence by Rhodesia, and called an all-.member nations to refuse to recognize or assist in'any way the Rhodesian government, Michael Stewart, B~itiehForeign-+Secretaxytl* sub- . mitted a resoluthn to the Security C~uncil~c~l~ingfor universal support for economic penalties iraposed by Britian. The British position rejects the use of armed force against Rhodesia; Aythux'J, G~ldherg,United-States delegatcite the UbN. announced a complete U,S6 embarge on shipment of military.equipment te Iiho?es&a, The embarge is aa csmpxchcnsive as thqt the u.5:, haar, against Sauth Africa, . including such things 8s .trucks.which aeq3.d bekr;lseQf.er military purpeser. The U,S, will. also cttzapexxril'.a~ti@n on all applications for loans and credit guarantees, U.S, investots .will be:;warned about invelvement in Rhodesia, The. U,S, will net re- new i.ts. sugar qugta for Rhdesia in 1966. In Britian, Prime, Minister Wilsen asked par.liament for. increased power ta deal with Rhodesia, The lcgislatiw requested would en- able Wilson to legislate for Rhodesia by decree, to anend'the Co~stituS;ionan* to declare null and void.any actien,by the re-: bellisus Smith gevernment, Action under khig 1egislatiom'~rnus~be approved by the British perlianent within 28 days, In RheYesia, 1rxir.1.e IjZinistcr Ian Smjth. divested*:thq Governor @f Rhodesia, Sir HwpBrey.Gibhq mf- a11 executive power, Rhodesian News In Bulawayo Africans demonstrated for the5 second night, stening cars which belenged ts wh'ites. They alse stoned-the houses of Africans who had gone to work for white erilployers. Rumors began to spread that the country's judges woul9 not work under the new Constitutien, NOVEMBER 13:- The U,N, Security Council was presented a resolution by the Ivory Coast on behalf of the 36 independent African states in the U.N, It called for "comp3ete interruption sf economic rela- tions" with Rhodesia, including an oil embargo. It called for disruptjon ef' comnunications through mass media and through diplo- matic relations, Further, if economic and diplonatic pressures are not able to destroy the Srnith regime, Articles 42 and 43 of the U,N, Charter should be folleweii, all~wingfor air, sea, and land force action against Rhadesia, Britian, in its resolution, had refused to consider the use of force an& hoped to avoid re- feral to Articles 42 and 43, In Salisbury, Sir Humpqhrey Gibbs refused to abide by 1an Smith's srder which wauld have removed a11 of his pewcr as British Governor of Rhodesia. He is refusing to move out of Goverment Eouse. Sir Hugh Beadle, Rhodesi.aas Chief Justice, who made a last minute attempt to avoid U.D.1, is living at Government gouse with Gilabe,: Beadle went to London to negotiate with Wilson, against Smith's wishes. In Bar Es Salaam and LeopolJville, students demonstrated against Britian and Rhodesia, The protested Britian's failuxe to prevent U,D.I. and called for the destruction of Smith's sovernment, At a meeting in Mauritania, Senegal, i"Jlali, Guinea, and blauritania called for African natians to set up a liberztisn comaittee for RhsdesPa and contribute troeps to a military force, -NCVEMRER 14: Sir Humphrey Gibbs issued r atatcment expressing his refusal ts abide by Smith's orders. The British Governrr~entbacked him comgletely by warning that any actian against Gibbs would be considered treasonous, In Salisbury, senior Anglican Bishop, the Right Rev, Dr. Cecil Aldersen, stated csndemnation of the Smith Government in his ser- men and said that Christians had a right to disobey its laws, U,S, Consul General Raswell McClelland and his family left Rhedesia fsllowing U.S. refusal ta3 recognize the Smith regime. NOVEMBER 15: .. Prine Minister Ian Srr,ith warned the police, the armed - services, and civil servants to be on guard against British attern pls ta undermine their layalty te Rhadesia, Doubts were egcpressed among some army camps as to where 3oyalty lay, especially if Britian and<ahodesia should evex became engaged in a fighting war, A semegvhat .thwarted strike took place in Bulawaye, Severai.plants were forced to close down or slow epexatiens. 24 arrests were made. Minor disturdances occurred in Salisbury also. Several buses were stpned and two schsols .were emptied. Riet policemen quickly had things Bnder control, In Tel Aviv, Israel, African students demonstrated in front ef the British Embassy, protesting Britian's reeusal ts use iilitary force in Rhodesia, At the United .Nakiens, Sbutb Africa and lsrtugal were invited to participate in the Security Council's discussien of action against Rhodesia. Both refused the invitation, South Africa and NOV, 15 cont.: . ri U Portugal were asked te participate because their cooperation is greatly ne4ded for effective ,ecsnemic. sanctlms, Sqth Africa holds to the position that the Rhodesian question is a British d6merstj.c csncern aver which ,the U.N.. has ne..autherity ts act. Portugal declared the invitattsn centrary to the Csuncil's rules of pro~edure. Numerous African delegates charged Seuth Africa, Pelctugal, and Rhadesia of' being bound In's~cretagreements which were'.fkmed ta maintain white central ef Southern Africa, -NOVFSJJBER 16:- The British Parliament approved the 1egislation'Wilson had asked fsr NOv,~12, enabling him te nullify acts by Smith's Government and exercise juris4lictisn over Rhedeoia, The bill -p##ed &asfly in the lwez hsuse, but there was qpssitien from the Conservative right wing in the Hause sf Lords, a. Irr..Salisbury, 4BQO Mrican pcest'al troqkerm refused to sign pledges of leyalty to the ldth Gorvernment. They were given two weeks to sign @r lame their jbloa. Guidance from Bxitian was sought by the African Pa6tal Wsrkers Unien, even if it had to be broadcast in syer shbrt-wave radio, . Economic action was beginning to be felt, The only foreign trans- iiwtions that were nermal were tho- with Oeuth Afnicl, Zambia, and Malawi. Smith*, in an attempt to made rell his dismisoal of British Governor ~ibbs,beg+ ts take minor actisn. The telephones Into Gibb s home were cut off. GiZBBs has writ;ten to the c~mnandersof the army calling on them to rewin loyal to him and nat t0 Smith. British strategy is to undermine confidence in Smith on the part of Rhdesians, Gibbs wauld then call for general electisns and- assume executive reslysnrikdlitiee until the election was held; Fsrtunately Gibbs has a lsng histery in Rhodesir,.coming'there 38 years ago. The question i8 whether +r net British action can in fact un4er- miam Smith sufficiently td enabie Gibba t6 act. 8% :a" 3u.Xiu~K, Nyerere, President rif Tanzania, raid that plans had been Jiscuroseil.with ICenya,.Bganda, bnd Bambia in Nairobi about taking the Rhedesian crisis eruC sf British :hands if her action prover to be ineffective, > IOVEMIBEIP 17t .* - , Britian reperteQ't~. 'the E+aaxl"t=y Carnil that she was willing to extend her ;conomic sanctions and would consider the imposttien ef an Qil em bar,^. .She crlle4 fer urgenk but ca~sful atudy of the .mbrrqql, including the efficti it weuld have on ~hodesia'sneighbors, In Salisbury, Clifford W, Dupont was appointed to carry out the functim of GQVernsr, since Smith ham divested Sir Humphrey Gibbs ,.& )mer. GiIPbs hrrsreveri; haw refuaed te rcknowledgt Smitha# .action. Smith rmeved the crcenmiirX gtmrd, the 4 pelicmen, the house- ~W~~.s@rvants,.and the rtven sZficisr1 calt.5 whi'ch had been at the .rervfsle ef Gibbs. @ibbla.*ab aid88 Ba-Camp ywe ordertd; to with- draw. One of them, Capt. Christopher Bwens cf the Rhodesian A5&a$~,-Riflcr(, refqaed :te leave, ..:"InW&, an ak2;unpted mteh by239 African schcaolboys was stopped.
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