VOL XX No. 8 August, 1965 INFORMATION ISSUED BY THE ASSOCIATION OF JEWISH REFUGEES IN GREAT BRITAIN 0//ice and Consulting Hours: B FAIRFAX MANSIONS, FINCHLEY RD. (corner Fairfax Rd.). London. N.W.I Monday to Thursday lOa.m.—tp.m. 3—6p.m. Telephone : MAIda Vale 9096/7 (General OMca and Wellara ler UM Agtd), MAIda Vale 4449 (Employment Agencv, annually licensed by the L.C.C., Friday 10a.m.—Ip.m. and Social Services Dept.)

Homes, the AJR Social Services, AJR Infor­ mation and general administration; further­ STEADY EXPANSION OF WORK more, £1,200 for the AJR Club and £1,450 net costs for printing and despatch of AJR Report on AJR General Meeting Information. The speaker stressed that, con- si(lering the amount of work to be coped with, The interest of members in the activities depended on the availability of funds for the AJR budget was very modest, but that, of the AJR was reflected in the good attend­ building and current expenditure. Subject to in spite of the utmost economy, an increase ance at the Annual General Meeting, held on financial resources, the erection of a small in expenditure would be unavoidable. It was June 17. In his opening address the Chair­ Home for senile confused people was also highly essential to narrow the gap between man, Mr. A. S. Dresel, stated that the loyalty under consideration. expenditure and payments received from of our friends had always been a particular Due to the general rise in costs and members. This could be achieved by outright encouragement for those in charge of the day- salaries, the running costs for the Homes had increased subscriptions, by additional volun­ to-day work. He also paid tribute to three increased during the year. The speaker paid tary donations, by payments under Deeds of Honorary Officers who had passed away during tribute to the devoted services of the staff of Covenant and, as far as members were in the past year : Mr. Henry Bendhem, a mem­ the Homes and to the members of the various business, by advertisements in AJR Informa­ ber of the Executive, and the Board members, House Committees. He also referred to the tion. lir. Erich Eyck, the well-known lawyer and happy co-operation between the AJR and the In his report on restitution and compensa­ historian, and Mr. L. K. Sonnebom, one of Central British Fund. tion. Dr. F. Goldschmidt, Chief Legal Adviser the founders and most active committee mem­ The Communal Centre at Adamson Road to U.R.O., described the main contents of the ber of Morris Feinmann Home (Manchester). would be ready shortly. The announcement Final Indemnification Law (details were pub­ Reviewing the activities during the past that it would be named after Hannah Kar­ lished in the previous issue of AJR Infor­ year. Dr. W. Rosenstock, General Secretary, minski had been received with spontaneous mation). He also reminded members that, dur­ reported that the " Thank-You Britain " Fund expressions of appreciation by many who had ing the year under review, the ceiling of had been an outstanding success. So far, more been associated with her in her Jewish social 1,500 million DM for payments under the than £80,000 (including tax recoverable from work in Germany. Some of the rooms in the Federal Restitution Law (Bundesrueckerstat­ Covenants) had been raised, and the list of upper floors were already occupied by resi­ tungsgesetz) had been abandoned. Whilst at contributors included prominent personalities dents, and the AJR Club Rooms in the upper the time of The Hague Agreement in 1952, the as well as the rank and file of the community ground floor as well as the Hall in the lower total costs arising from measures for victims of former refugees. There was still an influx ground floor were nearing completion. of Nazi persecution had been estimated at of donations. It was intended to conclude The speaker also dealt with the work DM 6 milliard, they were now estimated by the appeal in the autumn and it was hoped carried out by the AJR Social Services Depart­ the German authorities at DM 44 milliard. that by then many of those who so far had ment which, amongst others, dealt with not participated would also send in their con­ questions of accommodation, employment and In spite of several shortcomings the new tributions, big or small. Whilst the " Thank- household help in cases of convalescence. He Federal Indemnification Law was to be wel­ You Britain" Fund was a joint effort of all paid tribute to the invaluable services of Dr. comed, and special tributes were due to those major organisations of former refugees, the Hans Fleischhacker, whose sudden death German parliamentarians who, for many AJR had taken the lead in this venture and became known the morning after the meeting. years, had worked in the interests of the vic­ also put its administrative machinery at the The report on the erection of " Self-Support­ tims, especially to Rechtsanwalt Hirsch, Pro­ disposal of the Fund. The expenses of the ing Homes " for people who, due to their finan­ fessor Franz Boehm, Bundestagsprasident scheme were, therefore, hardly more than cial position, were not eligible for admission to Gerstenmaier, Professor Carlo Schmidt, 1 per cent of the raised income and consisted the existing Homes, was given by Dr. E. A. Rechtsanwalt Jahn and Dr. A. Arndt. mainly of printing and despatch costs. Lomnitz, Deputy Secretary of the AJR. A site During the discussion one of the questions -As an integral part of the Council of Jews which might be suitable for the erection of an raised was that of the taxability of pensions from Germany, the AJR had safeguarded the Old Age Home was under offer and a special for former civil servants. The position was interests of the former refugees in questions Trust had been founded into which prospec­ explained in detail from the platform and of restitution and compensation. Articles tive residents had paid their share of the most of the speakers agreed that it would not Published in AJR Information had added purchase price. Negotiations about the pur­ be advisable to take any steps in this matter Weight to their requests. AJR Information chase of the site were still pending, and the now. Another point was that of the entirely bad also proved to be indispensable to the contributors were kept informed on any inadequate indemnification for victims from members by its constant information on developments. Austria. In his reply. Dr. Goldschmidt stated developments in indemnification matters as Quite a few people had also expressed an that he shared these misgivings and des­ Well as by its other features and news. interest in a " Self-Supporting Flatlet Home ". cribed the various efforts made in the interests Dealing with the Homes, the speaker stated At an informal meeting held a short while of former Austrians. that, until recently, there had been a particu­ ago, they had elected a preparatory commit­ The meeting was concluded by the election larly great accumulation of urgent applica­ tee. To qualify for help and assistance from of the Honorary Ofiicers as proposed by the tions for admission to the four Old Age the authorities through the newly established Executive. Accordingly, the new Executive Homes. The position had now slighly eased, Housing Corporation, a Housing Society consists of the following members: Mr. A. S. but the number of applicants still consider­ would be formed as soon as details about the Dresel (Chairman), Mr. W. M. Behr (Vice- ably exceeded that of vacancies available. legal requirements became known. Chairman), Dr. F. E. Falk (Hon. Treasurer), The Home for more infirm people, Osmond The Financial Report was given by Dr. F. E. Dr. W. Rosenstock (General Secretary), Mr. S. House, was faced with two waiting lists, one Falk, Hon. Treasurer of the AJR. According Bischheim (Trustee), Mr. H. Blumenau. Mr. of new applicants and one of such residents to the audited Balance-Sheet and Account for C. F. Flesch, Mr. H. S. Garfield, Mr. E. K. of the four Old Age Homes who required a 1964, there had been an income from contri­ Heyman, Mr. V. E. Hilton (Trustee), Dr. A. R. degree of care and attention which eould only butions and donations of £8,600 and an Horwell (Trustee), Dr. K. Krotos, Mr. H. C. be provided for at Osmond House. To meet expenditure of £13,200. The deficit was Mayer, Mr. C. T. Marx, Mr. R. Schneider, Mr. the increased demand, at least to a certain covered by an allocation from the Jewish F. W. Ury and Mrs. L. Wechsler. The mem­ extent, the erection of an annexe to Osmond Tru.st Corporation (through the Central bers of the present Board were re-elected and House was under consideration. It would pro­ British Fund) out of the proceeds from the the following new members were co-opted: vide accommodation for 14 residents, in addi­ heirless and former communal Jewish pro­ Mrs. A. Berent, Mr. 0. E. Franklyn, Mrs. Lore tion to the 37 beds in the existing building. perty in Germany. The expenditure included Meyer, Dr. H. G. Sandheim, Dr. Fanny Spitzer However, the implementation of the plan £9,500 for administrative work, e.g., for the and Dr. Charlotte Wittelshoefer. Page 2 AJR INFORMATION August, 1965 NACHSCHIEBEN VON ENTSCHAEDIGUNGS-ANSPRUECHEN GERMANY TODAY Anmeldefrist DESECRATIONS IN BAMBERG BELSEN Verfolgte, die bisher ueberhaupt keinen In one of the worst outbreaks of antisemit­ Memorial Exhibition—Request for Exhibits Antrag auf Entschaedigung nach dem Bundes­ ism in West Germany since 1960, tomb-stones entschaedigungsgesetz gestellt haben, werden at the Jewish Cemetery of Bamberg were The Lower Saxon Ministry of the Interior is daubed with inscriptions such as " Jews go to preparing a permanent exhibition on the site auch nach dem jetzt verabschiedeten Schluss­ Hell," "Long Live the SS", "Six Million of the former Belsen Concentration Camp gesetz die versaeumte Anmeldung fuer diejeni­ are too Few " and " Siegheil ". On one tomb­ which, each year, is visited by thousands of gen Ansprueche, die ihnen schon das bisherige stone a photo of Hitler was fixed with the people. The exhibition will include literature, Gesetz gab, nicht nachholen koennen. Dagegen caption, " The Fuehrer says here lies a Jew documents and other items referring to the wird ein Verfolgter, der rechtzeitig irgend pig ". sufferings of the Jews under the Nazi regime einen Antrag auf Entschaedigung fuer Over 3,000 Bamberg citizens assembed in and especially to events in the Belsen camp- eigenen Schaden gestellt hatte, noch andere the pouring rain for a " Rally of Public Atone­ It will be of particular importance for the great ment" called by the Mayor, Herr Theodore number of young visitors to the camp who eigene (nicht ererbte) Ansprueche, die ihm Mathieu. The meeting was held under the cannot be aware of the historical context from schon nach dem bisherigen Gesetz zustanden, slogan, "A City Mourns" and commenced personal experience. With the help of several deren Anmeldung er aber versaeumt hatte, with the peals of the City's church bells. Jewish organisations and institutes, quite a few bis zum 31. Dezember 1965, also sehr kurz- items have already become available. How­ At its annual meeting on June 27 the ever, the promotors are particularly short oi fristig, dem urspruenghchen Antrage nach- Zentralrat der Juden in Deutschland passed a mementos which convey a direct impact of the schieben koennen. resolution expressing horror at the desecra­ persecution period (e.g., the " Judenstern ') tions of cemeteries and similar acts in Bamberg Ebenso kann ein Berechtigter, der recht­ and ask for the co-operation of survivors of and several other German cities. " The the catastrophe. The exhibits could also be zeitig einen ererbten oder einen Hinter- National Socialist Party ", the resolution states, offered on loan. Readers who are able and bhebenen-Anspruch nach einem bestimmten " came to power not so much by the strength willing to lend their assistance should get m Verfolgten angemeldet hatte, in diesem Ver­ of extremists, but by the weak and indifferent touch with : Der Niedersaechsische Minister fahren innerhalb derselben kurzen F^ist noch attitude of those who should have defended des Innern, Lavesallee 6 (Postfach). (3) andere ererbte Ansprueche nach demselben the rights of the state ". This experience of Hannover, W.-Germany (Aktenzeichen 1/3— Verfolgten nachmelden. the past should serve as a warning. Dokumentation Belsen.) Our correspondent, E.G.L., writes : " The "Andere" Ansprueche duerften auch dann outrages in Bamberg mark the 129th desecra­ nachgemeldet werden koennen, wenn der tion of Jewish cemeteries since 1946 This 20th Anniversary Commemoration urspruengUche rechtzeitig angemeldete figure, covering about 20 years, is almost as Anspruch abgelehnt ist. high as the total number of desecrations com­ Commemorative gatherings to mark the mitted during the 10 years 1923 to 1932 in the 20th anniversary of the liberation of Bergen- Wegen der ausserordentlich kurzen Frist territory of the Weimar Republic which was Belsen were held in Israel, and will be held erschemt es geboten, dass die Berechtigten, about twice as large as that of the present in New York in November. die versaeumte weitere Antraege noch nach- Federal Republic. Desecrations of cemeteries Delegations from Bergen-Belsen associations schieben wollen, unverzueglich schriftlich are bound to have their effect beyond the the world over and representatives of the particular places at which they occur This Jewish communities in the former British Zone ihren Rechtsberatem Information erteilen was the case before 1933 and this also applies of Germany met at Bergen-Belsen for a und dabei die Ansprueche, die sie nachmelden now. memorial service at the mass graves. The wollen, kurz darlegen. commemorations continued with a visit to the During the years before 1933 the culprits Belsen Memorial Forest in Jerusalem, when Die vorstehende Mitteilung bezieht sich were right-wing radicals. In the light of the the Belsen Monument on Mount Zion was nicht auf diejenigen Ansprueche, die erst das developments after the war we are bound to unveiled. Schlussgesetz neu geschaffen hat. Fuer die ask : At which stage are we now ? We cannot The concluding event of this 20th anniver­ neuen Ansprueche und fuer diejenigen schon dismiss the happenings in Bamberg as isolated sary year will be a liberation banquet to take frueher angemeldeten Ansprueche, die eine local events, and we still vividly remember place at the Waldorf Astoria Hotel, in New Erhoehung der Entschaedigung bringen, wie the happenings after the swastika daubings York, on November 24. , Z.B. fuer Ausbildungssehaden, wird die m Cologne in 1959. A memorial volume, " Holocaust and Anmeldefrist erst am 30. September 1966 The time has come when the supreme Rebirth ", is to be published as a sequel to tne ablaufen. authorities of the Bund and the Lander should commemorations. reahse their foremost duty and fight against the outrages with all possible pohtical le^al SCHOOLBOY SUPPORTS NAZIS BEG-SCHLUSSGESETZ educational and propagandist means. This duty falls upon bodies and institutions such A recent issue of " Globus", a magazine Einspruch des Bundesrats as the Conference of the Ministers of the edited by pupils at Offenburg economic; hign Interior, the Supreme Law Authorities, the school in south-west Germany, was destroyeo zurueckgenommen Permanent Conference of the Ministers of by the Freiburg education authorities because Culture, the Federation of Churches, the it contained antisemitic articles. . Im Anschluss an den in der vorigen Association of Teachers, the press and radio It is understood that the articles by.Kuri Ausgabe veroflfentlichten Aufsatz von Dr. We must not wait until it is again too late. Rohner, a 17-year-old pupil, were origmauy written as compositions during ^^''?.^ W. Breslauer wird mitgeteilt, das der Perhaps the 1964 Report of the Federal lessons. His teacher not only awarded hiin Bundesrat den Einspruch gegen den Minister of the Interior about the extreme excellent marks but supported the publication Entwurf des BEG-Schlussgesetzes zuriick- Right-wing and antisemitic trends was after of the compositions in the magazine. genommen hat. Das Gesetz wird nunmehr all. unduly optimistic. In the present situation an analysis of the symptoms of political ten­ Rohner said he had written in this w^ nach Unterzeichnung durch den Bundes­ sions and crimes during the last phase of the because he was convinced that his opinion* prasidenten in einigen Wochen im Bundes­ Weimar Republic could serve a useful on the war crimes trials in Germany and oi gesetzblatt veroffentlicht werden. Wir purpose." Jews and Israel were shared by many otne werden, sobald dies geschehen ist, hiervon young people. Mitteilung machen. BUNDESRUECKERSTATTUNGSGESETZ Wie bereits angekiindigt, wird ausserdem demnachst eine ausfiihrliche Darstellung Novelle und 1. Durchfuehrungs-Verordnung Gorta Radiovision des Geselzes als Sonderbeilage zu AJR Im Juliheft 1965 Seite 3 ist eine Bekannt­ Information erscheinen. Die Veroffent­ machung ueber die Verkuendung der Durch­ Service lichung ist fuer die nachste Nummer in fuehrungs-Verordnung erschienen, in der auf (Member R.T.R.A.) Aussicht genommen. Mit Rucksicht auf die Antragsfnst bis zum 23.5.1966 fuer die dio erforderliche Vorbereitungszeit wird Ansprueche nach §§ 29b und 44a BRueG 13 Frognal Parade. jedoch die September-Ausgabe voraussicht­ hingewiesen worden ist. Siehe auch die Finchley Road, N.W.S lich spater im Monat als iiblich erFcheinen. Darstellung der Durchfuehrungs-Verordnung im Juniheft 1965 und die Sonderbeilage zum SALES REPAIRS Gleic^zeitig wird erneut darauf hinge­ Septemberheft 1964 unter III 1 und 2. Agents for Bush, Pye, Philips, Ferranti, wiesen, dass die AJR Einzelauskiinfte in Ergaenzend wird darauf hingewiesen, dass Grundig, etc. Wiedergutmachungsfragen nicht erteilen die Frist fuer Antraege in denjenigen Faellen Television Rentals from 8/- Per Week kann. Dies kann nur durch die Rechts­ die in der Sonderbeilage September 1964 unter Mr. Gort will always be pleased to berater der Anspruchsberechtigten II, IV. V 1 und 2. sowie VI 4 und VII 6 advise you. geschehen. behandelt wurden, die Antragsfrist schon am 8.10.1965 ablaeuft. (HAM. 8635) AJR INFORMATION August, 1965 Page 3 HOME NEWS ANGLOJUDAICIA Jews' College PARKES LIBRARY IN PARLIAMENT The official consecration of Jews' College The Parkes Library, which was transferred Discrimination and Conciliation recently enlarged students' common room in from the home of its founder. Dr. James the names of the late Abraham and Golda Parkes, to Southampton University, has now When the Parliamentary standing com­ Nidditch was performed by Rabbi Dr. Israel been officially opened. Dr. Parkes collected mittee considering the Race Relations Bill Brodie. The importance of the College is about 7,000 books, papers and periodicals dur­ met, Mr. Peter Thorneycroft, for the Opposi­ being appreciated increasingly by the commu­ ing his researches over the past 35 years into tion, welcomed the Government's proposal nity today, said Dr. Brodie. Referring to the the cause of antisemitism. The Judaica and that before action could be taken in the courts facilities being provided for the training of Hebraica aspect of the library will be streng­ it would be necessary to prove that a course teachers, he considered the College was thened by the addition of the Claude Monte of discriminatory conduct had taken place, entitled to a large allocation from the fiore collection, also housed at Southampton. " We want to have conciUation and try to Memorial Foundation for Jewish Culture, an Professor H. C. Baldry, deputy vice-chan­ prevent it happening again", he said. international organisation recently set up to cellor of the university, who presided at the provide funds for the promotion of adult opening ceremony, announced that the univer­ The view was expressed that the definition education. sity had decided to finance a research fellow­ of places of public resort in which it would ship in association with the Parkes Library. be unlawful to practise discrimination should Vandalism It was hoped to attract to the university a be widened. There had been many instances Fellow who would include in his work the over the years of antisemitic practices in places Sir Isaac Wolfson, president of the United issue of a printed catalogue of the library and of public resort. Synagogue, at a meeting of the council Sir Frank Soskice, the Home Secretary, appealed to synagogues to take every possible who would also carry out research into some precaution against vandahsm. Recalhng the aspects of the relationship between the Jewish resisted any attempt to widen the definition as laid down in the Bill. It was essential, he recent arson and bomb attacks on synagogues and non-Jewish world. in this country. Sir Isaac stressed the need to stated, not to leave an area of uncertainty. secure and lock up synagogue buildings when­ PRAGLT SCROLLS AT WESTMINSTER Persons who maintained premises were ever they were left unattended. SYNAGOGUE entitled to know whether or not they came within the ambit of the Bill. On June 28 a Solemn Assembly took place Care for the Aged at the Westminster Synagogue under the Cairo Propagandist's Visit Mr. Cecil Kahn, chairman of the Home for auspices of the Czech Memorial Scrolls Aged Jews' executive committee, told the Committee, to mark the completion of the After reference had been made to the visit annual meeting that the ever-growing problem preliminary classification of the 1564 Sifrei to Britain of the United Arab RepubUc Parlia­ of the care of old people seemed to be over­ Torah from Prague and the beginning of their mentary delegations, including Mr. Ahmed looked by the community in favour of causes distribution among congregations throughout Said, director of Cairo Radio, Sir Barnett with more apparent emotional appeal. It had the world. After an introductory address by Janner said that the Government should been confirmed by ofiicial reports, said Mr Sir Seymour Karminski, President of the express to this individual that they highly Kahn, that the need of homes for old people Westminster Synagogue, the Chief Rabbi, Dr. deprecated the violent anti-British and anti- would increase considerably. What was Israel Brodie, read the prayer in memory of United Nations propaganda, particularly with needed today, for those elderly people able the martyred communities and Rabhi Harold regard to Israel, emanating day by day from to look after themselves, was primarily flatlets Reinhart, of the Westminster Synagogue, Cairo radio. Mr. Reginald Maudhng thought with a resident warden. The Home has an recalled the tragic memories the ceremony was that it seemed incredible that the director of option on a piece of land on which it could bound to evoke, but also reiterated his belief Cairo radio was here as an honoured guest of build 100 flatlets for old people, but lack of in the victory of the eternal values of human­ the Government. capital IS preventing it from taking up the ity. He stated with regret that the representa­ Mr. George Thomson, Minister of State for option. tives of the Prague Jewish Community had Foreign Affairs, replied that the best way to been unable to take part in the memorial meet­ find a way out of the situation was to allow Home in Hemel Hempstead ing. The Assembly then proceeded to the people from the United Arab Republic to come A £500,000 Old Age Home and Flatlet three rooms of the building in which the here and talk with people here and find out for scheme for elderly Jews in Hemel Hempstead collection of scrolls were displayed. themselves how strongly pubhc opinion feels had Its official opening by Sir Keith Joseph, E. WINTERBURGH. about this matter. M.P., on July 9. The building was erected as a result of a bequest of £700,000 to the Jewish SMALL COMMUNITIES Genocide Convention Welfare Board from the late Mr. Maitland R. The annual meeting of the Jewish Memorial Mr. George Thomson was pressed in the Joseph, for the establishment of a Jewish Council received a report from the Rev. Commons to comment further on the fact that Old Age Home in memory of his parents, Malcolm Weisman on his work as minister to the Government is carrying out another Rosetta and Morton Joseph. The flatlets the small communities. This work is carried investigation into the possibility of Britain accommodate 100 elderly residents capable of out under the council's auspices. acceding to the Genocide Convention, which looking after themselves. The accommodation Mr. Weisman spoke of the " amazing miscon­ outlaws attempts at race extermination. In is in single and some double rooms. The Old ceptions " he had to clear up which usually reply the Minister said that consideration of Age Home has accommodation for 32 people arose from gross defects in the Jewish upbring­ the question had not yet been completed. The in single and double rooms. With assets still ing of those concerned. The great majority Government had always accepted the spirit remaining of Mr. Joseph's bequest, the Board of Jews feel that it is impossible to be a of the Convention. Sir Barnett Janner pressed may consider setting up another project un practising Jew and still play a full part in for a definite answer to be given very shortly. similar lines. secular activities. The past year had been marked by an increase in, and consolidation Nazi Groups Leo Baeck College of, activity in most of the communities he had Speaking in a standing committee on the The new Leo Baeck College was formally visited. A number of the congregations would Race Relations Bill during discussion on the opened by Lord Cohen of Walmer, following have disintegrated but for the work he had membership of the Race Relation Board and a consecration service of the West London done for them. the concihation committees which are to be Synagogue, to which the college is attached. set up under the Bill, Mr. Reginald Freeson The new building cost over £105,000 and warned that Nazis and fascists might try to includes classrooms which also serve as Your House /or:— join race relations coricihation committees. Sir lecture rooms for the college, a library, a Frank Soskice, the Home Secretary, replied students' lounge and a youth centre. CURTAINS, CARPETS, LINO, that the Race Relations Board would be UPHOLSTERY appointed by the Home Secretary and would Nazi Bookshop Opened be quite free from political influence. The Association of Jewish Ex-Service Men SPCCIAUTY and Women has expressed concern about the YEHUDI MENUHIN, FREEMAN OF opening at West Norwood of a bookshop sell­ CONTINENTAL DOWN EDINBURGH ing anti-Jewish propaganda. Viking Books is Mr. Yehudi Menuhin, who is to be a soloist run by the Greater Britain Movement, the at this year's Edinburgh Festival, will be made extreme Nazi organisation led by John Tyn­ QUILTS! a freeman of the city on August 23, the second dall, former secretary of Colin Jordan's day of the festival. Civic leaders from ten National Socialist Movement. ALSO RE-MAKES AND RE-COVERS Continental capitals will attend the ceremony. ESTIMATES FREE Glasgow Community TRAVEL AWARD FOR RABBI Rabbi Dr. Israel Brodie expressed thanks to DAWSON-LANE LIMITED Rabbi Dr. J. Posen, minister of the Notting­ the Glasgow Jewish community for the services 17 BRIDGE ROAD, WEMBLEY PARK ham Hebrew Congregation, has been awarded it had rendered to all good Jewish causes, both Telephone : ARN. 6671 the 1965 Robert Waley Cohen Memorial Travel at home and overseas. The occasion was a Scholarship. He will use the award to under­ farewell reception in his honour by the United Personal attention of Mr. W. Shaclcman. take a study of medieval synagogues in Synagogue Council of Scotland. Presentations Mediterranean countries. were made to Dr. and Mrs. Brodie. Page 4 AJR INFORMATION August, 1965 NEWS FROM ABROAD EASTERN JEWRY MOSCOW YESHIVA UNITED STATES FRANCE The Chief Rabbi of Moscow, Rabbi Yehuda Joint's Help France is now the country with the largest Leib Levin, has stated that Moscow's yeshiva, Jewish population in Western Europe. With the only Jewish religious seminary in the In a report of the American Joint Distribu­ more than 500,000 Jews, it is fourth only to whole of the Soviet Union, is to be expanded tion Committee, it was stated that Jews con­ the U.S.A., the U.S.S.R. and Israel in the world and the number of students increased frpnj tinued to leave North African and European Jewish population table. Hardly a week passes the present four to 20. He said there had countries in greater numbers last year than without the establishment of a ne^ Jewish been " an interruption" in the progress of in 1963. The "Joint" helped 179,000 to community in response to the need created the Yeshiva during the past few years because emigrate last year, compared with 148,000 in by the mass influx. of its inability to obtain resident permits for 1963. It also aided a total of 430.000 Jews last Crif, the Representative Council of French students from outside Moscow. Now a promise year, 20,500 more than in 1963. Jewry, protested to the Minister of State had been received from the Soviet authorities The " Joint" also contributed to institutions for Culture at the presentation in Paris of a that resident permits would be granted for for children and old people, schools and cul­ passion play which reflects the Christian anti­ more students, most of whom would come tural and religious institutions. The rest of semitism at the time of the Crusades. The from the Ukraine, Georgia and Uzbekistan. its aid funds were used to make reconstruction performances in the court of Notre Dame Some would become mohelim, others loans. Recipients of aid in Israel totalled Cathedral, which were seen by thousands of shochetim or chazanim and some would receive 93,000 last year and in Europe 89,000. The schoolchildren accompanied by Roman Catho­ full rabbinical training. number of Jews helped in the Moslem coun­ lic priests, were given under the patronage tries dropped to 64,150 last year from 84,000 of M. Malraux, Minister of State for Culture. in 1963.—(J.C.) A senior official stated he was convinced that "RED HERRING" PROTESTS the Minister overlooked the antisemitic aspect Scrolls Mutilated An article ip an edition of Moscow News, a of the play when he gave hi? patronage. He Soviet English-language weekly, describes Torah scrolls were torn and obscenities pointed out the protest was late since the American protests over Soviet discrimination scrawled in the Rosedale Jewish Centre in the final performance was already given after a against Russian Jews as a " red herring aimed Queens section of New York City. It is not month-long run. at distracting American Jews from the Negro known who the vandals were. A statue by Mme Francoise Salmon, com­ problem and from their own problems ". Aron Yale Trustee memorating the sufferings of the inmates of Vergelis, the writer, was referring to last year's the Nazi concentration camps, has been American conference on the situation of Soviet Yale University has elected its first non- unveiled at the Museum for Modem Art. The Jewry and this year's protest rally in Madison Protestant trustee. He is Mr. William Horo­ statue will be at the centre of the memorial Square Garden, New York. witz, an industrialist and banker. Although to be erected at the site of the Neuengamme Yale has a long Protestant tradition, it has concentration camp, to be dedicated in He also asked why Mr. Robert Kennedy, the been a non-denominational institution for a November. Democratic Senator for New York, promised number of years. at the rally to give attention to the situation ARGENTINA AUSTRALIA of Soviet Jews, while he "refused, when he To commemorate the centenary of the birth was Attorney-Gleneral, to hand over to the The Argentine authorities have given a firm of General Sir John Monash, the commander Soviet Government Nazi criminals residing in indication that they are prepared to act against of the Australian forces in France during the United States who had murdered hundreds the neo-Nazi organisation Tacuara, which was the First World War, Australia has issued a of thousands of Jews ".—(J.C.) outlawed over two years ago but has continued special postage stamp. to operate almost unhampered. The Ministry of Education and Justice is ordering district The Hebrew Congregation of Brisbane, the ACCUSATIONS CRITICISED attorneys to prosecute the members and fol­ capital of the Australian State of Queensland, has celebrated its centenary. A thanksgiving Dr. Nahum Goldmann, the president of the lowers of Tacuara. In addition, police head­ service and banquet was attended by, among World Zionist Organisation and of the World quarters have been ordered to furnish the others, the Israeli Ambassador to Australia, Jewish Congress, stated in New York that authorities with the relevant dossiers. the Lord Mayor of Brisbane and the presi­ exaggerated and distorted accusations levelled Dr. Arturo Mor Roig, the president of the dent of the Zionist Federation of AustraUa. by some Jewish leaders against the Soviet Parliament, during his address at a dinner Out of a total of 1,500 Jews who live in the Union had led to " a hardening of the situation given by Daia, the representative body of city and the surrounding area, about 250 are there ". The Soviet authorities, he said, par­ Argentine Jewry, stated that the Govemment members of the congregation. ticularly resented being compared with the regretted and was distressed by recent anti- Nazis and the use of the word " genocide Jewish incidents. It was determined, he SOUTH AFRICA by Jewish leaders to describe the situation declared, to eradicate seeds of hatred sown Mr. A. Suzman, chairman of the pubUc of Soviet Jewry. Dr. Goldmann told a news against any section of the population. relations department of the South African conference that unjustified accusations of this CANADIAN NAZIS Jewish Board of Deputies, at the 24th Con­ kind against Russia could " only delay the William John Beattie, the 23-year-old self- gress in Johannesburg reaffirmed the Board's solution of the problem of Soviet Jewry ana styled leader of the Canadian Nazi Party, was attitude. He said that the Board is not a even harm " the Soviet Union's estimated three ordered in Toronto to stand trial on Septem­ political body, that it cannot speak with one million Jews. ber 1 on a charge of causing a public distur­ political voice and that it is neither its right Replying to the severe criticism directed bance. The charge arises from a demonstra­ nor its duty to enter the political arena. This against him as a result of this statement, tion against a Nazi rallv in the city on continued to be the response to demands Dr. Goldmann said that he opposed any May 30. Earlier eight anti-Nazi demonstrators, made, specially from abroad, that the Jewish exaggeration of the grievances felt by Soviet who have been similarly charged, were ordered community should take a specific stand on Jewry, which were real enough. He discussed to appear for trial in September. the racial policies of South Africa. Of South his statement with the Israeli Prime Minister, According to a report on neo-Nazism and the African Jewry's ties with Israel, Mr. Suzman Mr. Levi Eshkol, and explained the import­ distribution of hate literature issued by the observed that these were not ephemeral nor ance, in his view, of seeking an improvement central region of the Canadian Jewish Con­ were they dependent on the prevailing foreign in the condition of Soviet Jewry without gress, the neo-Nazi group operating in Toronto policy of any particular Israeli Government. accusing the Soviet Government of anti­ is very small. The report states that no more "The Board passed a resolution calhng upon semitism. than a dozen members have been involved in the Government to bar persons of known Nazi recent months and the financial resources are or antisemitic sympathies from visiting or also small. settling in South Africa. REUGIOUS TOLERANCE A recent issue of Nauka I Religia. the official Soviet atheist monthly, criticised " administrative sanctions against religious Feuchtwanger (London) Ltd. believers". The article called on all the authorities to cease imposing administrative Bankers sanctions against religious believers and to refrain from persecuting them. BASILDON HOUSE 7-11, MOORGATE, E.C.2 GHETTO TUNNEL Telephone: METropolitan 8151 The remains of a tunnel used by the fighters Representing: of the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising were di*" covered by workmen building a road i** I. L. FEUCHTWANGER BANK LTD. I FEUCHTWANGER CORPORATION Warsaw. The tunnel still contained some TEL AVrV : JERUSALEM : HAIFA | 60 EAST 42nd ST., NEW YORK, 17, N.Y. bodies, beUeved to be of members of the Jewish defence units in the ghetto. AJR INFORMATION August, 1965 Page 5

Peter Pulxer ticular, National Socialism ; to do that, it was in turn necessary to support, and work through, the Republican parties, the RepubU- can press and the officials loyal to the RepubU- THE YEAR OF DECISION can constitution. Both the extent and the ingenuity of this work will surprise many readers, and Mr. Paucker's documentation A Publication of the Leo Baeck Institute is a genuinely original contribution to his­ torical knowledge. " What is sin, the conception of which " Christians ". It is more difficult to establish In the end it was all in vain. As early as springs from man's consciousness of freedom ? precisely how widespread these symptoms 1930 a French Jew, Gaston Heymann, had That is the question for theology. What is were and perhaps Professor Mosse takes them warned his German co-religionists that they man's responsibility to society, the conception too literally. were faced with a new " Dreyfus era ". But of which follows from his consciousness of As Bennathan psints out, one Jew in six what was a Dreyfus to do without a Clemen­ freedom ? That is the question for juris­ entered into a mixed marriage during the ceau, a Jaur^s or a Zola ? The Jews of prudence. What is conscience, and the sense 'twenties (p. 96). And it may be that one Germany had known for the best part of right and wrong behaviour that follow reason why so many Jews—and non-Jews— of a century that they were destined to stand from the consciousness of freedom ? That is were taken unaware by the Nazi terror was or fall with the liberal political order. What the question lor ethics. How is the past life that there were grounds for thinking that they failed to appreciate—what indeed nobody of nations and of humanity to be regarded— conservative antisemitism would never go could know for certain until it happened— as the product of the free or the unfree beyond verbal abuse. was the imminence of the catastrophe. (" The activity of man ? That is the question for What was the role of the Churches ? Deal­ tension between Jews and non-Jews in Ger­ history." many contained greater force and more ing with Protestantism, Hans Joachim Kraus hostility than most Jews thought", Eva The vaUdity of Tolstoy's questions in " War traces the long-standing antisemitic tradition Reichmann, p. 530.) For that reason your and Peace" is eternal, only their context in the EvangeUcal Church, dating back to the reviewer agrees with all those contributors changes. No recent event is better qualified Stoecker movement of the 1880s. He also who stress that the crisis of 1930-33 was to encompass them in a nutshell than the end­ points out how vulnerable the largely secu­ essentiaUy a crisis of German poUtics, not of ing of the German-Jewish symbiosis in 1930-33. larised Protestants were to authoritarian the Jewish community. Robert Weltsch This complex topic is the subject of the pre­ political ideals and to nationalist and even claims that " psychologically the struggle for sent volume, edited by Professor W. Mosse of volkisch sentiments. Of perhaps greater Liberalism had already been lost" (p. 540); the University of East Anglia.'^' interest, in view ot current controversies, is the position of the Catholic leaders. Karl Eva Reichniann that " the non-Jewish bour­ " Jevrish Problem " ? Thieme, dealing with the Church, and P. B. geoisie had long abandoned the spiritual V/as there really a " Jewish problem" in Wiener, dealing with the middle-of-the-road independence which it had possessed ... in the Germany of the 1920s? Dr. Esra Ben­ political parties, stress that officially German the nineteenth century" (p. 528); Werner nathan, in his outstanding sociological enquiry, Catholicism was opposed to antisemitism. Mosse concludes that the Jewish Question was, concludes that Jews as a group were becoming Like the Protestants, however, Catholics were in the last years of the Weimar Republic, no progressively less distinguishable from the disturbed by the materialist tendencies of the move than a byproduct of the struggle for rest of the German population. Not only were age and were apt to engage in anti-liberal or power (p. 40). their numbers declining—a well-known fact— anti-capitalist cliches which could easily be their occupational structure was, in 1933, translated into antisemitism in the reader's Fundamental Dilemma closer to that of the country as a whole than mind. Even so, Wiener rightly points out in the " golden age" of the Wilhelminian that the Centre Party's readiness to compro­ If this is true, then some at least of the Empire. Contrary to antisemitic beUefs, the mise with Hitler had its roots in political emphasis in the volume is misplaced. It is economic changes of the post-1918 period calculations far removed from its attitudes inevitable that a book sponsored by the Leo harmed Jews much more than they benefited to Jews. Baeck Institute should record the pre-occupa- them. The cartelisation of industry and the tions of those German Jews active in Uberal trend towards concentration in large units " An Atomised Minority " politics and in defence organisations. How­ favoured promotion within a bureaucratic ever, the claim that the Central-Verein had hierarchy, instead of entrepreneurial indi­ And finally, what of the Jews themselves ? the support of 80-90 per cent of German Jews vidualism. The growth of large-scale com­ They were, as Robert Weltsch says in his (p. 412) is unsubstantiated, as is the statement merce impoverished many Jewish as well as summing-up, and as clearly emerges from that Jews voted overwhelmingly for the Demo­ Gentile small businessmen: between 1895 and Kurt Loewenstein's essay on reactions within cratic Party (pp. 10-11). The majority of Jews, 1933 the proportion of Jews who were "self- the Jewish community, a " truly atomised like the majority of people anywhere, were employed " dechned by one-fifth. Only in a minority" (p. 559). But why should they be probably apathetic and apolitical for most of very few sectors, largely those favoured by anything else in a liberal society which the time. Thus some of the questions raised recent immigrants, did Jewish influence allowed every man to choose his own loyal­ in the volume have about them an air of increase. ties ? Loewenstein does not draw any firm unreality. Should Jewish-owned newspapers conclusions from his summary of the have been more energetic in supporting the Was there a long-term antisemitic trend principal Jewish points of view and of Republic ? Should the Democratic Party have which would have reversed the emancipation the debate between Liberals and Zionists. The allied itself with the Jungdeutscher Orden for of the nineteenth century even without Hitler? position of both parties suffered—as we can the elections of 1930 ? No knowledge is use­ Professor George Mosse, of the University of now see—from incurable weaknesses. The less, but to someone of your reviewer's Wisconsin, in his learned study of the atti­ Liberals of the Central-Verein based their generation the relevance of these particular tudes of the German Right, thinks so. 'The fight on the right of all German Jews to par­ controversies has been superseded. Political vituperative propaganda of all right-wing ticipate fully in civic and cultural life at a exiles are always tempted to re-fight old parties, often indistinguishable from that of time when a growing sector of influential battles and to sigh " if only. . . ." But, Uke the Nazis, the ideology of " Volkstum |', German opinion simply refused to accept the the rest of mankind, they would be better especially widespread among the academic principle that Jews belonged to the German occupied trying to understand the fundamental classes, the deUberate exclusion of Jews from nation at all. The Zionists, on the other hand, causes of their tragedy. Fortunately virtually all nationalist organisations, lead while stressing the need for Jewish national Entscheidungsjahr 1932 has plenty that is him to think that some kind of apartheid the consciousness and for the legal protection of relevant, and some that is new, to this major awaited the Jewish community in the event minority rights, were obviously unwilUng to problem. ised of any overthrow of the RepubUc (p. 227). ious abandon any of the gains which legal emanci­ All years are, in one way or another, years Dr. Eva Reichmann, in her discussion of the pation had bestowed. Only after 1933, when the public debate on the Jewish question, adds of decision. But there can be no doubt that tive events had overtaken the position from which the German-Jewish divorce is, in Werner to emphasis to this thesis by pointing out that the Central-Verein was fighting, did organisa­ the vast majority of anti-Jewish controversia­ Mosse's words, absolute (p. viii). There may tional unity, under the leadership of Leo be, and will continue to be, Jews living in lists distinguished between Jews and Baeck, become possible. " Germans " and not—as they might have done Germany; there is not, and there can never fortv vears earlier—between Jews and How much could be done by the methods be again, a German-Jewish community. If the years 1930 to 1933 decided nothing else, they ters which the Central-Verein recommended * Entscheldunesjahr 1932. Zur Judenfrage In der emerges from Arnold Paucker's important decided that. dis- Endphase der Weimarer RepablUc. Eln Sammelband contribution, " Der jiidische Abwehrkampf ". in herausgegeben von Werner E. Mosse, unter Mit­ (Mr. Pulzer is Tutor in Modern History and wirkung von Arnold Paucker. J. C. B. Mohr (Paul To defend the Jew's rights as a citizen, it was Politics at Christ Church, University of Otoe Siebeck). Ttibingen. 1965. £4 7s. 6d. FUr Mitglieder necessary to attack antisemitism ; to do this, it the

Ignta Maybautn ANTISEMITIC PAMPHLET An " open letter " in a pamphlet written by a Father Giorgio da Term, a Roman Cathohc priest, refers to the Jews as " the worst THE GREAT FAREWELL SERMON destroyers of humanity . . . from Nobel, the inventor of dynamite, to Einstein, the dis­ coverer of atomic energy. . . . From the first OF LEO BAECK masonic lodges to the Bolshevik revolution we find Jews everywhere; from the first Mayors of Rome to the ferocious and blood-thirsty Leo Baeck's last publication " Dieses Volk! Baeck uses formulations which would not be Marx, Engels, Lenin, Trotsky, Stalin, Khrus­ chev and Brezhnev ". The pamphlet goes on Juedische Existenz" is now available in an suitable for any other type of writing. As an to say that the six million Jews gassed in EngUsh translation.* Baeck wrote his last book example we quote the phrase " the piety of German concentration camps never existed in full consciousness of approaching death. culture and the culture of piety ", a formula­ " except in the distortions of the clever This fact alone makes it part of the existential­ tion which baffles the reader at first. Children of Israel". ist literature of our age which is no longer the Preachers force the congregation, if necessary, The Union of Italian Jewish Communities age in which the " Essence of Judaism " was by gimmicks, to listen. The quoted phrase addressed a letter of protest to the Bishop ot written. With his step from essence to exist­ may sound to be such a gimmick but it serves Terni, in whose diocese Father da Terni ence, the octogenarian caught up with the the purpose of pointing drastically and there­ preaches, and from where he also sends spirit of the post-Auschwitz thinkers who, as fore clearly to the difference between the articles to the official newspaper of the Italian existentialists, spoke in the name of Europe. Sephardi chapter of Jewish history ("piety of neo-fascist party, Movimento Sociale Italiano. We do not yet know whether they are the last culture") and the Ashkenazi one ("culture philosophers of a dying Europe or the pioneers of piety"). EXILE LITERATURE of a new Europe. Anyone willing to read Baeck's last book Exhibition in Frankfurt Emil Fackenheim, one of the most gifted with the apprehension that it is Baeck who The Deutsche Bibliothek in Frankfurt/Main scholars reared by the Hochschule fuer die speaks to him will find gems in its pages. In exhibited about 300 objects of its collection Wisssenschaft des Judentums, once Baeck's short, he will meet Leo Baeck, he whom we of exile literature, which altogether comprises illustrious domain, is not quite justified in have loved in his wisdom, in his saintliness, in about 10,000 items and is probably the largest calling Baeck a theologian of Liberal Judaism. his mannerism, and in his blessed wholeness and most comprehensive collection of its kind. Already in his " Faith of Paul", written in representing German Jewry in its glory and The displays included political anti-Nazi litera­ London after Theresienstadt and published in martyrdom and representing the Jewish people ture, autobiographies and works of art and EngUsh before it was published in German, to the world at large as a German rabbi. science written by exiled authors of Central Baeck, though certainly remaining the liberal The translation is a masterpiece. But why, European origin. theologian leaving the Middle Ages, had an why does the translator use the Men­ approach which is no longer liberal, no longer delssohnian medievalism " the Eternal One " NAZI AUTHOR SENTENCED nineteenth century, no longer exclusively in Baeck's own text, though not in BibUcal Werner Nixdorf, a 44-year-old former S.S. bound to thought immanent in culture and quotations ? Has he not read what Franz officer, received a three-month probationary civiUsation. His breakthrough to the trans­ Rosenzweig had to say in his essay : Der Eioige gaol sentence in Cologne for writing a book cendence of prophetic faith is all the more —Mendelssohn und der Gottesname ? The glorifying Nazi racial ideologies and Nazi remarkable as he remains, what he always was, translation der Ewige may have become militarism. He was banned from occupying the man of historical theology. But the way in any public post and deprived of voting rights acceptable to German Jewry in the two for two years. His publisher, Helmut Cramer, which he expounds the historical facts of hundred years of post-Mendelssohnian pietism. fled from the country in March, taking with Jewish history and of world history is not The EngUsh term " the Eternal One " expresses him more than 20,000 copies of the book. Umited by the sterility of historicism. The rather " the highest idea" of Aristotle than reason why his last book—like his preceding the Hebrew Bible's God of justice and love. one about Paul—cannot be classified as belong­ ing to the literature of historicism Ues in the personafity of the author. Baeck is Baeck, EUROPEAN SYNAGOGUES lA/illi the L^omplimenh of and not the exponent of a school of thought, An Architectural Appraisal not even of his own school of thought. Out­ wardly his method is that of historical analysis. It is a pleasure and an honour to review the But expounding historical facts, he applies book of Rachel Wischnitzer on the architec­ what the Hebrew Bible calls " wisdom" ture of the European Synagogues,* since its (chochmah), and thus the historic canvas authoress is the doyenne of those art historians comes to life and we are introduced to Baeek's who are specifically interested in Jewish art. CLEAR VIEW view of the world, of man, and of God. She has naturally travelled widely and her personal knowledge of the buildings dealt with The Great Preacher enhances her survey, which ranges from the .LTD. Near-Eastern beginning to the contemporary Only one example can be given here. Baeck period. The value of the book consists had written extensively about the Pharisees further in the styUstic appraisal of the build­ TRANSPARENT PAPER WORKS during his manhood years. What he wrote in ings considered and the conciseness of its his­ this connection belongs to the world of torical annotations. The material collected is speciaUsed scholarship and is not yet dated. not only of importance for its own sake, but In his last publication, under review here, he also serves as a reminder of many significant returns to this subject. But it is not merely buildings, which have now been tragically a shortened extract. It is a synopsis. The destroyed. The work, popularising the know­ facts which he once scrutinised as an historical ledge of the European synagogues, will, it is specialist come to Ufe and are expounded in hoped, reach a large audience. the way in which a preacher gives an exegesis Works: of a text in a sermon. In his last book Baeck The range of synagogue architecture is wide. is the great preacher, and his reader is Its development was influenced by Christian (The Car Park) offered a guide to Jewish life. The book sums and Moslem buildings, and the problem of a CROUCH HALL ROAD, up what the author had said all his life, it specific Jewish contribution is more posed in LONDON : : N.S collects everything of the material published the book than answered. Indeed, this is in during a long life and puts it into a nutshell. many ways a picture book accompanied by a As a work of edification it should be read in text, rather than a scholarly text illustrated small portions, as is the rule with any collection by reproductions. Nevertheless, the footnotes of sermons. The style, too, has to be appre­ reveal a wealth of knowledge and wide read­ Offices: ciated as the style of a preacher who is eager ing. The book is, therefore, recommended, not only to lovers of Jewish art but also to 40 COLERIDGE ROAD, to force his congregation with sermonic inten­ LONDON : : N.S sity that they may grasp the point in question. research workers and students in the field. HELEN ROSENAU. TeL: MOUntview 0066 * Leo Baeck : This People Israel : Tbe Meaainc of • R. Wischnitzer : The Architecture of the Euro­ (7 lines) Jewish Existence. Translated and with an intro­ pean Synagogues. Jewish Publication Society of ductory essay by Albert H. Friedlander. W. H. Allen, America, Philadelphia, 1964. XXXII and 312 pp. London, 1965. 42/-. Six dollars.

wsm AJR INFORMATION August, 1965 Page 7 Erich Gottgetreu Old Acquaintances End of a Story: Berlin's once world-famous DAS GRAB IN KILCHBERG variety theatre, Scala, destroyed by bombs in 1943, is not to be rebuilt. A West German Zuni 10. Todestag von Thomas Mann finance group is to erect offices on the site at Martin Lutherstrasse 14-18. All projects to Auf dem Bergfriedhof am Westhang des Die Kirche am Eingang des Friedhofs revive variety in Berlin after the war came to Zuericher Sees sind schon mehrere Ruhe- wollte sie gleichfalls zeigen, aber das ging nothing; the time for this kind of entertain­ staetten mit beruehmten Namen, unter nun nicht, drin fand gerade eine Trauung ment is over, except in a few places. anderen die von Conrad Ferdinand Meyer statt, an der Wand neben dem Tor lehnten, Austria: Walter Slezak, back from the und Ludwig Klages, aber, wie uns die als ob sie sich ausruhen wollten, die States, scored a tremendous success at Vienna's biedere Zuercherin versichert, die sich uns bluetenbesetzten Ehrenbogen, die die Volksoper with his portrayal of Zsupan, the als Fuehrerin anbietet, die meisten Frem­ Brautjungiern im festlichen Zuge mit- famous Girardi part in " Zigeunerbaron". den kommen hierher, um das Grab Thomas getragen hatten. Ob wir nicht wenigstens —Adrienne Gessner and Alma Seidler will star Manns zu besuchen—: " Neulich war sogar nachher in die Kirche wollen, draengte in " Arsenic and Old Lace" at Akademie- ein Japaner hier, ein richtiger Japaner —". un^ere Fuehrerin. Sicher dauert's nicht Theater.—Robert Jungk participated in the In den Grabstein ist nur sein Name ein- mehr lange, die Dorfkapelle ist doch schon eighth European discussion at Vienna's Town gemeisselt sowie die Zeitangabe 1875-1955, beim Stimmen der Instrumente. Hall.—Piscator is to direct his adaptation of die diese gesegnete Lebensspanne umreisst. Wir fragten nach dem Haus, in dem Frau "Krieg und Frieden" at the Burg.—Dr. Am 12. August jaehrt sich sein Todestag Mann und ihre Tochter Erika wohnen. " Ja, Rudolf Kalmar, former editor of Neues zum zehnten Mal. Sein Nachbar, wenn man das zeig ich Ihnen nachher", sagte die Oesterreich, received the City of Vienna's den buergerlich-diesseitigen Begriff hier Zuercher Dame, " aber wenn Sie schon in Silver " Feder ".—Paul Hoerbiger acted in anwenden darf, Herr Gottfried Binder, war Kilchberg sind, da muessen Sie erst noch "Wiener Blut" at the Raimund-Theater. ein Jahr nach ihm geboren, zwei nach ihm das Conrad Ferdinand Meyer-Zimmer Uoiiie \ews: Trude Kolmann, of Munich's gestorben. Auf Herm Binders Grabstein sehen." Kleine Freiheit, came to London to acquire steht auch der Beruf verzeichnet, den er Die Beschreibung war korrekt: dem the production rights of " Blithe Spirit", ausgeuebt hatte oder doch jedenfalls die Andenken C. F. Meyers war in dem Haus, based on the Noel Coward play.—Marlene Taetigkeit, die ihn den Kilchbergern so in dem der Dichter die letzten Jahre ver- Dietrich is this month appearing at Brighton wert machte : er war der " Chronist " ihrer and at the Golders Green Hippodrome.— Gemeinde. Nicht mehr Platz als er und Brecht's "The Resistible Rise of Aturo Ui" keinen groesseren Grabstein beansprucht will open the London visit of the Berliner nun der Chronist der Buddenbrooks und Ensemble at the Old Vic on August 9. so vieler anderer deutscher Schicksale vom kleinen Herrn Friedemann bis zu Hans Still Going Strong: Pola Negri's autobio­ Castorp und Adrian Leverkuehn — das graphy will be published by Doubleday (New nenn' ich mir doch ein schoenes Symbol York) under the title of " Memoirs of a Film der Demokratie. Star".—Lilian Harvey was awarded the Golden "' Filmband " at this year's BerUn Film Die brave Zuercher Dame erzaehlt uns, Festival.—Lotte Lenya came fiom New York sie kaeme oft auf diesen Kirchhof, denn to Recklinghausen to take the title role in ihr seliger Vater liegt hier begraben, und Brecht's " Mother Courage", directed by sie verhehlt nicht ihre Befriedigung darue­ Harry Buckwitz.—Gustav Froehlich will ber, dass der Ruhm der Staette betraecht­ shortly play in Molnar's " Eins, zwei, drei" in lich gestiegen sei, seitdem Thomas Mann Franklurt.—The East German composer, Paul hier beigesetzt und sein Grab zum Anzie- Dessau, who wrote the music for several of hungspunkt fuer Besucher aus fernen und Brecht's plays, has been elected one of the fernsten Laendern wurde: " Ich sag's 15 new members of the West German Academy Ihnen ja, sogar aus Japan ist neulich einer of Arts. He is also a member of the East gekommen ". Und dann fuegte sie noch Berlin Academy. hinzu: " Auch die Frau Dr. Mann kommt Oftituary: Midia Kraus, 72-year-old widow manchmal hierher, die Katja, wissen of Professor Oskar Kraus of the German Sie . . .". br3cht hal und in dem er starb, nur das— University in Prague, died in London. She allerdings pietaetvoll gepflegte—Arbeits­ was well known to many former refugees zimmer gewidmet; die anderen Raeume through her untiring activities as Hon. Secre­ galten der Erinnerung an die Geschichte tary of " Club 1943".—Two once famous Kilchbergs und waren fuer viele der Bilder singers have died: 69-year-old baritone und Dokumente bestimmt, denen Herr Herbert Janssen. a member of the " Met", Binder, Thomas Manns letzter Nachbar, who left Germany in 1933, died in New York ; seine Arbeit gewidmet hatte. 86-year-old tenor Fritz Soot passed away in Im C. F. Meyer-Haus uebergab uns die Berlin. beflissene Zuercher Dame der freundlichen, Cerinnny: Edward Rothe, formerly with the alten Hausbesorgerin zur Fuehrung. Nein, B.B.C. in London, directed " Kaspar Hauser " Conrad Ferdinand Meyer hatte sie nicht for Bavarian TV, with his wife Marlene mehr kennengelernt, " —aber die Tochter, Riphahn and Peter Capell in the cast.—Hans und die war genau wie der Vater ". Nur, Sahl's adaptation of Arthur Miller's "Der dass sie eben keine Erzaehlungen und Milchzug haelt hier nicht mehr " will be pro­ Gedichte schrieb. duced in Hamburg.—Kurt HiUer, who lived An Thomas Mann konnte sie sich genau in London during the war, will be honoured erinnern, erwar ja selbsi in Meyers Arbeits­ by an exhibition in Hamburg on August 17, zimmer, als man ihm hier zum 80. Geburts­ the occasion of his 80th birthday.—Erich Fried, tag eine wuerdige Feier veranstaltete. of London's German B.B.C. section, has " Nachher haben sich alle ins Gaestebuch written a new adaptation of " Sommernachts­ eingetragen ". traum " to be shown first in Braunschweig.— Ich fragte, wer unter den zur Feier Tilla Durieux, who in 1913, took the part of geladenen Gaesten war. Eliza in " Pygmalion", will now be Mrs. " Ja, das weiss ich schon nicht mehr so Higgins in the performance of " My Fair genau", sagt die treue Hausbesorgerin Lady" at Muenster.—WilUam Dieterle directed " — das war noch im vorigen Gaestebuch " " Nathan " in Bad Hersfeld.—Siegfried Arno's . . und es klang so wehmuetig-fern wie : wife. Kitty Mattern, appeared in Feydeau's Das war doch noch im vorigen Jahrhundert. " Floh im Ohr " in Berlin.—Annemarie Hase Aber dann fiel ihr doch noch einer ein : acted in the Berlin production of " Billy " Ja, dar war auch noch der Bundes- Liar". p£^ praesidenl. ..." Page 8 AJR INFORMATION August, 1965

Robert Weltsch lichen Blick begegnen konnen das ist der Schmerz, der uns jetzt in Bann halt. Manchmal schien es als ob Buber so etwas ware wie das Haupt einer Schule, oder das moderne Aequivalent eines chassidischen Rabbi, der TRAUER UM MARTIN BUBER eine Gemeinde um sich sammelt. Er war nichts dergleichen, aber er war fiir eine ganze Generation judischer Menschen ein wirkUcher Die erschiitternde Naehricht vom Ableben Es war ganz natiirUch, in Prag an Buber zu Lehrer, in Dingen des Menschentums und Martin Bubers erreichte mich—ausgerechnet denken ; wir wussten, dass er von schweren Judentums zugleich. Seit jener Prager ersten —in Prag, mit erheblicher Verspatung, denn physischen Leiden heimgesucht ist, und wir Rede von 1909 hat Buber den jungen dort gibt es keine Zeitungen in unserem ahnten, dass das Leben des 87-Jahrigen in Menschen von damals, die zwar vage " Zionis­ Sinne. Gerade war ich, nach vielen Jahr­ Gefahr ist. Dann kam, verspatet, die Nach­ ten " und von dem schon damals aktiven vol- zehnten und unter so ganz veranderten Verhalt­ richt von seinem Tode. Es ist unmoglich, in kischen Antisemitismus verletzt waren, aber nissen, durch die vertrauten alten Strassen diesem Moment auszusagen, was damit fiir in ihrer grossen Mehrheit mit " Judentum" gegangen, an den unzahUgen unvergleich­ unsere Generation dahingegangen ist. Ueber (in seiner offiziellen Erscheinungsform) nichts lichen Palasten vorbei, und hatte der Zeit Bubers Gedankenwelt, iiber seine vielfache anzufangen wussten, einen neuen Weg gedacht, da wir, als Studenten, auswartige Wirksamkeit im jiidischen Bezirk, iiber seinen gewiesen, er hat nicht nur die Beschranktheit Gaste durch diese Strassen fiihrten. Vor allem Anteil an der Gestaltung des modernen mit­ der in ihrer Degeneration hilflosen und nichts­ haftet im Gedachtnis der Rundgang mit Mar­ teleuropaischen Judentums und nicht zuletzt sagenden jiidischen empirischen Lebensform tin und Paula Buber im Jahre 1909. Es hat iiber seine Menschlichkeit und personUche durchbrochen ; er hat das " unterirdische" wohl kaum Besucher gegeben, die mit so viel Wirkung im Gesprach und in der Offenheit Judentum rehabiUtiert und den Unwissenden echtem Verstandnis und Sachkunde die archi- fiir alle Rat und Hilfe Suchenden ist viel neue Aspekte gezeigt, und er hat die Parole tektonischen und kiinstlerischen Herrlich- geschrieben worden und wird noch viel der " Erneuemng" ausgegeben. Noch im keiten der Stadt aufnahmen, aber auch die geschrieben werden. Seine komplexe, nach ersten Weltkrieg hat Buber die Jugend auf­ Magik und Mystik des Ortes empfanden. Nur vielen Richtungen ausstrahlende, nach den gemfen und das Wort vom Heiligen Weg noch wenige von denen, die damals Buber iiblichen akademischen Kategorien nicht zu gepragt. Die Stunde der " Verwirklichung ". durch die Stadt begleiteten, sind heute noch klassifi/ierendo geistige Position sollte zu nun buchstablich angewandt auf das Judentum am Leben. Der aktivste Interpret, der jeden seinem 80. Geburtstag in einem englischen und die neue Gemeinschaft, schien gekommen. Winkel und jedes Ornament kannte, Alfred Sammelwerk in der Serie " Living Philoso­ Die Zeitschrift " Der Jude " war ein Ereignis. Kraus, ist schon in den ersten Wochen des phers " in Amerika in zwanzig Beitragen ver­ Dann kam die Prager Konferenz des Hapoel Weltkrieges 1914 gefallen, vor mehr als 50 schiedener Autoren, mit einem auf kontro­ Hazair 1920, wieder in Prag war Buber eine Jahren. Das war unsere erste Begegnung mit verse Punkte einzelner Beitrage eingehenden zentrale Figur in der ersten Begegnung Buber in Prag, damals hielt er dort seine erste Schlusswort Bubers dargestellt und beleuchtet palastinensischer Arbeiterphilosophen und Rede iiber das Judentum. werden. Aus mir unbekannten Griinden ist mitteleuropaischer Intellektueller. Ich ging auch durch die Lange Gasse, Dlouha dieses Buch sieben Jahre nach dem geplanten Es erscheint wie ein unerlaubtes Wagnis, die trida, an dem Haus Nr. 41 vorbei, wo einstmals Erscheinungsdatum noch nicht erschienen, wciteren Etappen schlagwortartig aufzuzahlen. die " Budc " des Studentenvereins Bar Kochba und inzwischen ist Buber leider nicht mehr Bubers Leben und Arbeit nimmt eine neue war, heute erscheint es mir verfallen, und von unter die " Living Philosophers" zu zahlen. Wendung, als die Bibel ihn ganz in den Bann der Bude meldet keine Spur. Dort hat uns Es wurde jedoch eine deutsche Uebersetzung zieht. Aber auch neben der ungeheuren Buber im Jahre 1911 seinen " Daniel" vorge­ des Werkes vor einigen Jahren im Verlag Arbeit der Uebersetzung, an der Franz Rosen­ lesen, " Gesprache iiber Verwirklichung ", ein Kohlhammer herausgegeben, sodass es zur zweig nur kurze Zeit mitarbeiten konnte, Buch, das mit seiner Gcgeniiberstellung von VerfUgung steht als eine Art Buber-Encyclo- erlahmt niemals Bubers aktives Interesse an " Orientierung" und " ReaUsierung" fiir padie, umso willkommener als vermutUch den sittlichen und politischen Problemen des unsere damalige Weltanschauung beinahe noch einige der Beitrage, vor allem Bubers eigene, judischen Volkes und des Zionismus. Sein von nachhaltigerer Wirkung wurde als Bubers ursprunglich in deutscher Sprache judischer Humanismus bringt ihn unloslich an jiidische Schriften. Buber war damals 33 geschrieben waren. Auch die von Buber selbst die Seite derer, die gegen die Mentalitat einer Jahre alt, uns Jiingeren erschien er als Mann noch besorgte Gesamtausgabe seiner " Werke " kolonisatorischen Herrenrasse im Judentum vorgeschrittenen Alters, ein Mann von unaus- (er selbst fand das Wort Werke anstossig) bei kampfen und einen Ausgleich mit den Arabern weichUcher Autoritat. Kosel-Lambert Schneider, und der Jiidischen suchen. Das fuhrt ihn in die Reihen des Brith Schriften bei Melzer, gab Gelegenheit zum Schalom und spater des von Dr. Magnes Genau zwei Monate vor diesem Rundgang RiickbUck und zur Wertung von Bubers ein- gefiihrten "Ichud", fiir den er nach Magnes' durch Prag d la recherche du temps perdu zigartiger Stellung in der Geschichte des Tod der massgebende Sprecher wird. Gedacht war ich an jene Stunden von 1911 erinnert modemen Denkens und in der Geschichte des werden muss auch seiner Wirksamkeit in den worden, da mich in London ein englischer modemen Judentums. ersten Hitler-Jahren in Deutschland, als er so Kulturphilosoph besuchte, um iiber Buber zu viel beitrug zur Starkung der Moral der sprechen. Der Mann ist vor allem Theater- Es scheint, dass er selbst in den letzten seelisch erschiitterten Judenheit und in der fachmann und hat im BBC einen (auch im Jahren dazu neigte, die Bilanz seines Lebens kulturellen Erziehungsarbeit im wahrsten " Listener" gedruckten) Vortrag iiber das zu Ziehen und Rechenschaft vor sich selbst Sinne zum Lehrer und Troster wurde. Dann " Gesprach nach dem Theater" aus dem abzulegen. Das heisst aber nicht, dass er einen kommt die Uebersiedlung nach Jerasalem. die "Daniel" gehalten. Er fand darin die Schlusstrich zog. Bis zum letzten Tage stand Verbindung mit der Universitat, und die iiber­ entscheidenden Ideen zur Metaphysik des er mitten im Leben, nahm teil an allem, selbst ragende Mitwirkung an hebraischen kulturel­ Theaters, viel tiefer als die modernen dem geringsten Geschehen, wie es ja uber­ len Instituten. In Israel hat Buber auch genug Theorien von Bestold Brecht und anderen, die haupt seine Art war, die kleinen Dinge ebenso Anfeindungen hinzunehmen, aber fiir die Welt fUr die englische Biihnenwelt so massgebend ernst zu nehmen wie die grossen — oft zum wird er immer mehr der Grosse Alte Weise geworden sind. Dieser Mann kann weder Erstaunen seiner Gesprachspartner. Seine Mann des jiidischen Volkes, zu dem Menschen deutsch noch hebraisch, aber er entdeckte eine Schriften werden studiert werden, sie werden vieler Nationen pilgern—Dag Hammerskjold Uebersetzung eines Teiles von " Daniel" in so manchem Erleuchtung bringen. Seine so ist dafiir ein Symbol. Und in seinem letzten einer amerikanischen Ausgabe. Obwohl er ganz auf das Unmittelbare, auf den Anmf der Jahrzehnt verbindet er sich dem Leo Baeck natiirUch nur einen Teil von Bubers Werken Stundc und die Forderung der existentiellen Institut, wird einer seiner geistigen Fiihrer. kennt und dem mitteleuropaischen Hinter­ Situation eingestellte " Philosophie " liess sich Als ihm durch die hollandische Erasmus- grund von Bubers Laufbahn und Lebenswerk nicht in ein System pressen. Fiir die weitere Stiftung die Auffordemng zuteil wird, eine ziemlich ahnungslos (wenn auch lernbereit) Welt der Geistigen. nun auch besonders in ihm nahestehende Institution mit der Abfas­ gegeniibersteht, erklart er schlechtweg, dass England und Amerika, ist Buber der Kiinder sung einer reprasentativen judischen fiir ihn Buber der grosste lebende (damals der dialogischen Philosophie, der Mann des Geschichtsarbeit zu beauftragen, wahlt er noch lebende !) Mann unserer Zeit ist. Er ist " Ich und Du", und seine Botschaft wird dafiir das Leo Baeck Institut. damit beschaftigt, ein Buch uber Buber zu Friichte tragen. Seine ausserordentUche Figur schreiben, um ihn der englisch sprechenden wird auch fiir die Nachwelt eine Herausforde- Mehr als ein halbes Jahrhundert war Buber Welt nahezubringen. Dieser Fall zeigt, dass mng und ein Stoff der Auseinandersetzung der Mittelpunkt eines Kreises, fUr den das Wort die Botschaft Bubers—ganz abgesehen vom sein. " Junger " schlecht gewahlt ware, denn Buber jiidischen—jetzt eine grosse neue Welt von Aber in diesem Moment ist das alles gar wollte keine Jiinger, und seine Freunde waren Horem erreicht. Was 1911 in der Langen nicht zu erfassen. Dass Buber nicht mehr nicht unkritisch ihm gegeniiber. Nun ist ein Gasse in Prag mit Bubers Vorlesung des unter uns ist, dass sein Haus nicht mehr offen grosses Vacuum entstanden. Der Lehrer und " Daniel" begonnen hatte, wird mehr als ist, dass wir ihn nicht mehr sehen und nicht Freund ist von uns gegangen. Wir trauern fUnfzig Jahre spater wegweisend fiir Menschen mehr seinem giitig-warmen, oft auch von leich­ um ihn, aber wir danken ihm, und bezitzen, ganz anderer geistiger Herkunft. ter Ironie oder Humor umspielten mensch- was er uns gegeben hat. AJR INFORMATION August, 1965 Page 9 Menachem Gerson (Kibbuts Hazdrea) erschliessen vermag, ihm wahre Kunde quillt aus den seichten Wellen seiner privaten Erfahrungen ". MARTIN BUBER'S WERK IM DEUTSCHEN In diesem Zitat kommen die beiden wesent­ lichen Elemente von Bubers Anschauung von der Ueberwindung der Assimilation zum JUDENTUM Ausdmck. Der Jude, der mit seinem Volk verbunden ist, erreicht eine Tiefe und Har­ Wer Martin Buber personlich kannte, weiss, konne; aber wo es ans Bauen geht, versagt monie in seinem personlichen Leben, die dem dass er weit mehr als ein eminenter Gelehrter er zumeist auf fremdem Boden; denn er ehrt Verleugner des Jude-Seins versagt bleibt. auf vielen Gebieten der Wissenschaft war. und kennt nicht die Besonderheit des Volkes, Und zum andern : fur den assimilierten Juden Sein tiefer Einfluss auf Menschen war in das die Revolution macht, und so entsteht ein genugt die rein politische Entscheidung zum seiner uugewohnlichen geistigen Personlich­ tragischer Konflikt zwischen Doktrin und Zionismus nicht, um den Anschluss an das keit begruendet. Seine Personlichkeit erwuchs Volkstum. jiidische Volk wieder zu finden. Er muss den anscheinend aus einer tiefen und langen Krise, Buber's Abgrenzung wurde zum geistigen Weg des " Lernens" beschreiten. Wenn er aus der er als ein gewandelter Mensch .4.ngriff, wo er sich mit den Jabotinsky- dabei das " unterirdische Judentum" der hervorging. Der junge Buber war ein Schiilern und Orthodoxen befasste. Den Propheten, Essaeer und Chassidim unter der Virtuose in seiner Beherrschung des gespro­ Revisionisten warf er vor, sie seien die Oberflachenschicht des offiziellen, Orthodoxen chenen und geschriebenen Wortes ; mystische eigentUchen Assimilanten; denn sie passten Judentums entdeckt, wird er zum Verstandnis Ekstasen waren die Hohepunkte seines Lebens. sich an das herrschende Dogma des Jahr­ der Bestimmung des Judentums gelangen. Aber er entwickelte sich zum getreuen Diener hunderts an, " das heillose Dogma der "Nicht das gedankliche Erfassen des Geistes, des Wortes, in seiner Bibeliibersetzung. Er Souveranitat der Nationen ". Aber die wahren nicht sein bildnerisches Aussprechen ist die wurde zum Meister des Gesprachs—und jedes Fiihrer des Volkes befragten nie die " Eigenart dem Judentum vorbehaltene Aufgabe, sondern Gesprach mit ihm erreichte seinen Hohepunkt, des Volkes" nach der Richtung des Weges, des Geistes Verwirklichlung ". wenn sein Gesprachspartner ihn an den sondern den einen, unteilbaren Geist. Und Der Anschluss an das Judentum und die zentralen Problemen beteiligte, die ihm den Orthodoxen sagte er: " Wir ehren das Forderung des Lernens erschlossen dem zusetzten, auf geistigem, politischem oder Gesetz, die von ehrwurdigen Machten jungen Juden einen neuen Lebenssinn personlichem Gebiet. Als ich ihn 1927 geschmiedete Riistung des Volkstums; wir und setzten seiner Aktivitat eine konkrete kennenlernte, hatte er es sich bereits zum griissen jeden, der, unmittelbar gewiss, Aufgabe, noch vor seiner Alijah nach Gesetz gemacht, auf jeden Brief, den er dass Gott diesen Panzer, wie er ist, Palaestina. 1932 bat ich Buber fur die Berliner erhielt, personlich zu antworten; und wenn dem Volke mit eigener Hand umgetan habe, " Schule der judischen Jugend", die ich er einen jungen Menschen als personUchen von seiner Schwere ungehemmt mit uns damals gemeinsam mit Moritz Spitzer leitete, SchUler akzeptierte, so beteiligte er sich an ins Blachfeld reitet; doch wir beklagen jene, etwas zur Konkretisierung des " Lernens " zu aU seinen Freuden und Schmerzen. Diese die ihn ohne diese Gewissheit tragen und denen schreiben. In seinem Beitrag definierte Buber grosse Fahigkeit zuzuhoren, den Dialog zu er die Glieder starr und steif macht, dass sie das Lernen als " Aneignung jiidischer fuehren mit dem Einzelnen und mit histori- zum Werk nicht ausziehen konnen und die Geschichtswerte", die Leidenschaft des schem Geschehen—diese seltene Fiihigkeit ist ehrwurdige Riistung wie ein historisches Lernens der Sohne miisste nun die Leiden­ es, die Bubers Person bestimmte und jedes Paradekostum am Leibe haben; die aber schaft des Ueberlieferns der Vater ersetzen. Gesprach mit ihm zu einem Erlebnis machte, durch die Berufung auf das Vorhandensein In diesem Aufsatz befasste sich Buber in dem Klarung, Vertiefung und Ermutigung des Gesetzes uns hindern wollen, aus des speziell mit dem Problem des Lernenden, der sich wundervoU vereinten. Auf diesem seinem lebendigen Gottes Handen neue Waffen zu keine religiose Erfahrang hat. Er wollte ja Weg von der Mystik zur Realitat dialogischen empfangen, derer werden wir uns erwehren." das Lernen nicht als ein Monopol der Ortho­ Lebens gab es viele Stationen, auch Riick­ Bubers Auseinandersetzung mit den jiidischen doxie ansehen. schlage fehlten nicht. Auf alien seinen Wegen Chauvinisten und den Orthodoxen setzte sich stand ihm seine Frau Paula zur Seite, die bis an sein Lebensende fort. So hatten denn Die Bibel Uebersetzung Schriftstellerin (Georg Munk), die Christin, die ehrenwerten Vertreter dieser Parteien in die aus Liebe zu ihm die Tiir ihres Eltern­ der Jerusalemer Stadtverwaltung " recht", Buber leitete das Lernen mittels seiner hauses schloss und nie wieder offnete. Ich wenn sie es dahin brachten, dass Buber die beiden zentralen Schopfungen, die—zusammen war in Heppenheim, als die S.A. 1933 eine Zeremonie der Ueberreichung der Ehren- mit seiner Lehre vom dialogischen Leben— Haussuchung in Bubers Haus machte. Ich biirgerschaft Jemsalems nicht mehr erleben seine Position in der geistigen Welt des erinnere mich, wie trotzig und mutig diese sollte. Westens begrundeten: seine Erschliessung "Christin" den Nazi-Rowdies entgegentrat des Chassidismus fur den deutschsprachigen und sie zahmte. Der Dialog mit ihr war fuer Der Weg des Lernens Leser, und seine Uebersetzung der Schrift. Buber in seinem langen Leben Mitte und Im begrenzten Rahmen dieses Aufsatzes Ankerpunkt. Seine eigene Antwort auf die Frage der wollen wir wenigstens iiber die Uebersetzung judischen Existenz gab Buber in der einige Worte sagen—hat sie doch Buber bis in seine letzten Jahre hinein beschaftigt. Die Drei verneinte Wege Auseinandersetzung mit der Assimilation. Er schlug nicht vor, dass man sich von der Grundabsicht Bubers und Rosenzweigs war Vier Einstellungen beherrschten in den deutschen Kultur freimachen solle: sie ist Wortlichkeit, Wortlichkeit bis zu den Grenzen zwanziger Jahren das geistige Leben der ja von unseren innersten Kraften verarbeitet der deutschen Sprache ; aber nicht iiber sie deutschen Juden. Die am weitesten verbreitete und uns eingeeignet worden. Aber wir wollen hinaus. Als Wilhelm Stapel, der bekannte War der bewusste Wille zur Assimilation: zu Herren, und nicht zu Sklaven dieser kulturantisemitische Schriftsteller, die Ueber­ neben dem Glanz der deutschen Kultur schien Mischung von judischer und Umwelt-Kultur setzung als undeutsch kritisierte, und ich das Judentum nicht der FortfUhrung wert zu werden. Der Einzelne soil das Volk erleben Buber darauf hinwies, schickte er durch mich sein. Eine besondere Spielart war die " rote als " eine Gemeinschaft von Menschen, die eine ausfuhrliche Erwiderang an Stapel, die Assimilation" der judischen Kommunisten, waren, sind und sein werden, eine Gemein­ ganz und gar vom Gesichtspunkt der deut­ die das Jude-Sein wegen der Aufgaben der schaft von "Toten, Lebenden und Ungeborenen, schen Sprache her geschrieben ist (die Revolution als unwichtig ansahen. Weiter gab die zusammen eine Einheit darstellen; und diese Abschrift des Briefes ist noch in meinem es den politischen Zionismus (in seiner ist eben die Einheit, die er als den Grund Besitz; es ist ein wichtiges wissenschaftliches extremsten Form : Jabotinsky's Revisionismus) seines Ich empfindet. . . . Der Weg des Volkes und kulturpoUtisches Dokument). Die Ueber­ und die Orthodoxie. In seiner Stellungnahme lehrt ihn sich selbst verstehen und sich selbst setzer wollten dem Leser ein aktistisches zu ihnen richtete Buber seine Argumente an wollen ". Aber die seelische Neuausrichtung Verstandnes der Bibel nahebringen, denn die den Einzelnen, das Individuum. Der junge bleibt unwirklich ohne die Schaffung einer Bibel ist als miindliche Ueberliefemng deutsche Jude erlebte die Judenfrage nicht als neuen judischen Heimat; es gibt keine gemeint. ein politisches oder soziales Phenomen; fuer jiidische Renaissance ohne den Aufbau Was bewog Buber diese ungeheure Arbeit sein Denken stand nicht die Frage der Palaestinas. Dem assimilierten Juden wachst auf sich zu nehmen ? Er sah in der Schrift jiidischen Massen im Mittelpunkt, sondern die Verbundenheit mit seinem Volk nicht das Zeugnis des judischen Glaubens und seine eigene Entscheidung: sollte er Jude organisch zu ; er muss eine bewusste Anstren­ hoffte, dass die Treue zum Text dem euro­ bleiben oder nicht ? Und es schien ihm gung machen, um sie zu erreichen. Dreifach paischen Leser, Juden und Nichtjuden, die damals, dass er dariiber nach eigenem ist das Element der lebendigen Volksgemein­ Bibel in einer neuen Weise eroffnen wiirde. Ermessen entscheiden konnte, frei vom Druck schaft dem Verbundenen gegenwartig: vor Er wollte mit der Uebersetzung einen objectiver, sozialer Gegebenheiten. ihm als das Werk des Volkstums in Schrifttum entscheidenden Beitrag zum Lemen leisten— Den judischen Kommunisten erwiderte und Geschichte, um ihn als die gegenwartige aber zugleich auch zur Erneuerang des Buber 1918 (lange bevor Trotzkys Tragoedie Volksmasse, und "in ihm als das verschwie- religiosen Glaubens in Europa. Fraglos ist sich entfaltete !), dass der Jude in der Revolu­ gene Zeitengedachtnis der tiefsten Schichten die Uebersetzung fur viele zum Kommentar tion als Redner und Kampfer mitwirken seiner Seele, daraus, wenn er es nur zu Continued on page 10 Page 10 AJR INFORMATION August, 1965 Martin Biiher^s Werk im Deutschen Jiidentum ISRAEL AND MARTIN BUBER The first time Israel paid her respects to Martin Buber was after his death. Tme, in geworden, der ihnen ein neues Verstandnis legen, uns zur Seite wandten und uns mit 1961 he was grudgingly awarded the Bialik der Bibel erschloss. Es spielte wohl noch ein gespannter Ueberlegenheit als ' die geistigen Prize by the Tel Aviv Municipality, and ten zusatzliches Motiv hinein. Buber war der Menschen ' fiihlten ". Er lehrte die Verwirk­ days before his death Jemsalem's Mayor Ish- Meinung, dass die letzten fiinfzig Jahre vor lichung aller Ideen im Alltag, in der Gemein­ Shalom hurried to Buber's home to bestow Hitler eine wirkliche kulturelle Symbiose schaft, er brachte der Jugend die Ideale des upon him the Freedom of the City—but this zwischen Juden und Deutschen mit sich Kibbutzlebens nahe. So wurde seine Lehre is a story in itself, which does not enhance the gebracht hatten; er empfand wohl die fuer viele zu einem Lebensweg, den sie in glory of Jerusalem. For weeks the City Fathers Uebersetzung als einen geschuldeten Beitrag Israel beschreiten. haggled over the proposal to honour Jem­ zu dieser Symbiose. Trotz aller spateren salem's greatest citizen. Herut, the right-wing schmerzlich enttauschenden Erfahmngen hat Verhaltnis zum Kibbutz faction, spoke against the proposal, for they wohl Buber bis zuletzt seinen Glauben an die Nach Buber's Alijah begann eine lange Zeit had not forgotten that Buber had asked for Bestimmung der Uebersetzung bewahrt: sie der Entfremdung zwischen ihm und unserer the reprieve of Eichmann ; the zealots of sollte der europaischen Kulturwelt die Gruppe. Die Schwierigkeiten des Kibbutz, Orthodox Agudath Yisrael joined the Hemt Botschaft der Schrift mitteilen. der gerade seine Ansiedlung begann, liessen Councillors in their vote against Buber, for seine Lehre von der Gemeinschaft oft als zu they saw in the philosopher an apostate who Riickhalt in Jahren der Verfolgung rosig und unwirklich erscheinen. Auch der had strayed from the way of the dogma. Even Marxismus und die Psychoanalyse, denen wir the representative of Mizrachi found it neces­ Bubers Einfluss auf das deutsche Judentum uns im Lande angeschlossen hatten fanden sary to abstain. And when thousands paid war tiefgreifend, aber bis 1933 nicht weit. nicht seine Zustimmung (die Psychoanalyse their last homage to Buber the municipal coun­ Ein kleiner Kreis von Intellektuellen sah ihn erschien ihm als besonders f ragwiirdig!). cillors of the Hemt and Agudath Yisrael did als ihren Lehrer an. Und von den jiidischen Andererseits hatten wir von Buber erwartet, not take part in the funeral of the man who Jugendbiinden fuhlten sich nur die "Werk­ dass er sich im Lande klar und deutlich der had just been given the Freedom of the City. leute " als seine Schuler. Nach Hitlers Arbeiterschaft anschliessen wiirde. Er hatte While the world hailed Martin Buber as the Aufstieg zur Machl erfolgte ein griindlicher sich stets als judischen Sozialisten angesehen, greatest living Jew he remained an outsider Wandel in Bubers Position. Viele, die sich hatte von der Notwendigkeit gesprochen, in Israel. From 1937 until 1951 he occupied bisher nicht um ihn gekiimmert hatten oder dass der Aufbau Palastinas ein sozialistischer the Chair for Social Philosophy at the Hebrew ihn als esoterischen Propheten einer unver­ sein sollte, und von der " revolutionaren University ; he had his students and his dis­ standlichen Lehre abgetan hatten, fanden nun Kolonisation". Aber in WirkUchkeit fand ciples, but their circle was limited. He may in ihm den Wegweiser und Troster. Der er seinen Platz im Lande hauptsachlich in der still prove the teacher of coming generations, grausame Angriff auf die deutschen Juden Jemsalemer Universitat. but his teachings did not leave any impression on Israeli youth in our days. In the stmggle iiberraschte die meisten von ihnen unvor- Doch in den letzten Jahren erneuerte sich bereitet in geistig-seelischer Hinsicht. Es for Statehood he could not be their guide unsere Bezichung zu Buber, und das enge because he challenged narrow nationalistic fehlte ihnen die jiidische Identitat, der An­ Band geistiger und personlicher Nahe wurde schluss an das jiidische Volk, der ihnen das aims, and even during and after the War of von neuem gekniipft. Buber selbst gab dieser Independence he opposed the introduction of Geschehen hatte erklaren konnen und sie erneuten Nahe eindeutigen Ausdmck. Als er zugleich standfest gemacht hatte. Bubers militaristic values in the education of IsraeU von Freunden in der Schweiz gefragt wurde, youth. Lehre gab ihnen, was sie in der Not suchten, wo ein Wald zu seinen Ehren gepflanzt und so wuchs sein Einfluss und seine Aktivitat werden sollte, war seine Antwort: im Buber did not fit into any political party or in der jiidischen Oeffentlicheit rasch. 1933 Kibbutz Hasorea. Der Grund fiir dieses erneute setting. Time and again he dampened national berief ihn Leo Baeck zur Leitung der Mittel­ Treffen lag vor allem in der Grosse seiner enthusiasm by taking up unpopular causes, stelle fuer judische Erwachsenenbildung. Es Person. Professor Scholem sagte an Bubers and his consistently advocating friendship folgte eine Periode rastloser Tatigkeit fuer Grab, dass er ein Lehrer war, der auch with the Arabs, even when their provocations Buber, Kurse, Vortrage, Ausarbeitung der rebellierende Schiiler akzeptierte. Das became intolerable, deprived him even further Programme fiir die grosse neue Kulturaufgabe. bewahrte er in unserer Beziehung.—Es gab of influence and spiritual leadership. His atti­ All das musste in der Atmosphare von auch viele erneute geistige Beriihrungspunkte. tude was forgiven, but his voice was not Erschuttemng und Angst unternommen Der Marxist, den die Erschuttemng des kom­ heeded. He was a member of Brith Shalom werden, die diese Jahre kennzeichnete. munistischen 20. Kongresses betroffen hatte, and later Ihud, smaU groups which worked for Buber bestand diese grosse Priifung, seine horte nun Bubers Kritik am Zentralismus des A rab-Jewish rapprochement—on the periphery Lehre erweckte viele zu sinnvoUer judischer Marxismus offener zu, und auch Bubers of the Yishuv. The wreath placed on the Bewusstheit und bereitete sie geistig fiir die Gmndanschauung: dass die menschlichen grave by Arab students, however, was inter­ Alijah vor. Buber wurde so zu einem der Beziehungen Grundlage und Masstab jeden preted by some friends as a sign that the seed berufenen, unerschrockenen Sprecher der sozialen Regimes seien. In der israelischen which Martin Buber planted may still take deutschen Juden. Politik trafen wir uns mit Buber im Kampf root. In beiden hier geschilderten Perioden fuer judisch-arabische Verstandigung und in Much Israeli criticism was aroused by seiner Wirksamkeit war Buber der Jugend seiner Abgrenzung vom Kult der Staatlichkeit Buber's acceptance of the Goethe Prize in besonders nahe und verbunden. Er hatte ja und ihres Hauptreprasentanten, Ben Gurion. 1952, at a time when relations with Germany seinem Glauben fiir sie friih Ausdmck So erneuerte sich die nahe Beziehung und die were still taboo. Explaining his acceptance oi gegeben. " Die Jugend ist die ewige Glucks- Gesprache mit Buber wurden nochmals zur the Award given to him by the Hamburg Uni­ chance der Menschheit; nur schade, dass sie unerschbpflichen Quelle der Klarung, versity, Buber said the Prize was expressive immer wieder vertan wird." Er fand den Stellungnahme und Ermutigung. of the struggle between " humanity and anti- Weg zum Herzen vieler junger Menschen— Doch nun wurde das Gesprach endgultig humanity " in Germany. The forces of dank seiner grossen Fahigkeit, dem Ge­ unterbrochen. humanity should not be weakened or dis­ sprachspartner wirklich zuzuhoren. Und er Es ist eine bekannte Tatsache, dass Buber couraged and not lumped together with their konfrontierte die Jugend mit einem konkreten in Israel weit weniger einflussreich war als adversaries, the mass murderers. Buber's Bild vom Menschen, das eine grosse im westlichen Ausland. Vielleicht war es ein rising popularity in Germany was looked upon erzieherische Kraft hatte. So warnte er die gewisses Unbehagen dieser Tatsache wegen, sceptically in Israel—in 1954 when he was the Jugend vor Optimismus und Pessimismus. dass manche offiziellen Repraesentanten bei recipient of the Peace Prize of the German " Der Ernst der Situation ... ist viel zu Bubers Beerdigung veranlasste, ihn als Book Trade in Frankfurt, and in 1960 when schwer, als dass wir uns optimistische Geistesriesen darzustellen, der in hoheren he received the annual Cultural Award of the Traume oder pessimistische Stimmungen Sphaeren lebte. Doch dies ist nicht die ganze City of Munich for " his efforts for better rela; zulegen diirften. Es kommt darauf an, zu Wahrheit. Buber war auch und vor allem tions between the German and Jewish people." wissen, wie furchtbar schwer es ist—und ein kampferischer Mensch, der fuer seine Only on his death was he given the posi­ trotzdem zu glauben, dennoch zu glauben. . . . Ueberzeugung ohne Furcht eintrat. Er tion in Israel long due to him. The President Eine Unerschrockenheit des Sehe.ns, kein veriiess keine geistige Position, nur weil sie was the first to pay a condolence call a* Optimismus und kein Pessimismus." Und er ihm IsoUemng eintrug. Er hat selber seine Buber's home; the Government intermpted a erklarte den juugen Menschen den Hinter- Situation am treffendsten geschildert: session to hear an eulogy by the Prime Minis- grand jener so weit verbreiteten Haltung " Heute sind die grossen Charaktere noch tei ; the Knesset rose in his memory, and jiidischer Intellektueller " die Jronie des moder­ ' Volksfeinde', sie, die ihre Gesellschaft the Speaker recalled Buber's life and work nen Juden, die ja nur daraus stammt. dass lieben, aber eben deshalb nicht bloss darauf His body lay in state at the centre of the wir Jahrhunderte lang, wenn wir ins Gesicht aus sind sie zu erhalten, sondem sie zu Hebrew University campus, and thousands geschlagen wurden. nicht zuriickschlugen, erhohen; morgen werden sie die Bauleute passed by his bier. sondera, der Zahl und der Kraft nach unter­ einer neuen Einheit der Menschenwelt sein." HERBERT FREEDEN (Jerusalem). AJR INFORMATION August, 1965 Page 11

H. W. Freyhan pleted), and had approached Dehmel for a libretto ; the subject of the work was to be modern man's return to religion, " learning to pray! " He could be critical of Jews and resentful of their lack of response to his music, SCHOENBERG'S LETTERS but any antisemitic attack would evoke the full force of his fighting qualities. A few years after the English translation of considers their preparations inadequate ; he In 1923 his old friend, Kandinsky, invited H. H. Stuckenschmidt's book on Schoenberg knew only too well how much the response him to join the " Bauhaus" community in (reviewed in this journal in November, 1960) for which, after all, he longed depended on Weimar. But Schoenberg had found out that comes the EngUsh edition of the composer's the perfect realisation of his intentions. He some of the members were antisemites, and letters.* From some 3,000 letters, the late abhors the analytical approach to his music he was also only too conscious of the general Erwin Stein—himself a pupil and friend of ("I do not compose principles but music"); antisemitic wave which swept Germany at that Schoenbeig—has selected over 250, each of in 1947 he even goes as far as to wish " to be time. It appears that Kandinsky himself was which reveals a significant aspect of Schoen­ taken for a better sort of Tchaikovsky . . . not free of prejudice, making the usual excep­ berg's vicAvs and personality, so that the whole people should know my tunes and whistle tion for men like Schoenberg. In a long letter, collection amounts, as intended, to a successful them ". which already makes mention of " that man " experiment in presenting Schoenberg as His isolation induced him to adopt an aristo­ Hitler " (this was before the Munich Putsch), portrayed by himself". cratic aloofness in cultural matters. Writing Schoenberg becomes prophetic : " How can a Today, Schoenberg's place in twentieth- to Prince Fuerstenberg, who initiated the Kandinsky . . . associate himself with politics century music underUes no doubt. He is the Donaueschingen Festival of Contemporary that aim at bringing about the possibility of head of the " Second Viennese School" (the Music, he refers to " the fairest, alas bygone, excluding me from my natural sphere of First comprising the Viennese classics), and days of art when a prince stood as a protector action ; how can he refrain from combating a his Method of Twelve-Tone Composition, as before an artist, showing the rabble that art, view of the world whose aim is St. Bartholo­ developed by him and his foremost pupils. a matter for princes, is beyond the judgment mew's nights in the darkness of which no one Berg and Webern, has made a decisive impact of common people". Thus far he allowed will be able to read the Uttle placard saying on Western music, especially in the last two himself to be driven by the lack of response ! that I'm exempt! " But " Jewry has main­ decades ; it has recently been adopted even by His later experiences in the U.S.A. were tained itself unaided against the whole of man­ that other great pioneer of modern music, Igor hardly likely to modify such views: in 1945, kind for 20 centuries. . . . They can accomplish Stravinsky (who has published, in an English he tells the journalist, WilUam Schlamm: the task that their God has imposed on them: Sunday paper, a deeply respectful review of " I beUeve in the right of the smallest To survive in exile, uncorrupted and unbroken, the Schoenberg letters). Performances of minority " and " if it is art, it is not for the until the hour of salvation comes! " Schoenberg's works have become more and masses ". A reconciliation with Kandinsky followed. more frequent in this country and abroad ; Utterances of this kind must be taken as Ten years later the hour struck. Schoenberg they have long ceased to be controversial symptoms of his artistic loneliness ; they do attended a meeting of the Senate of the Berlin events. They may still be lacking in mass not imply a misanthropic or reactionary men­ .Academy and listened to the message from appeal, but it is now obvious that there exists taUty in general. From Los Angles he writes the Nazi Minister of Education that " the a strong movement in the direction which to Kokoschka : " You complain of lack of cul­ Jewish influence at the Academy must be Schoenberg predicted at a time when his ture in this amusement-arcade world. I wonder eUminated". Schoenberg declared that he followers were limited to his small inner circle. what you'd say to the world in which I nearly never stayed where his presence was not wel­ Few composers have had to travel a stonier die of disgust. . . . Here is an advertisement by come and left the meeting. road, and Schoenberg was fully aware of the way of example : There's a picture of a man From his non-Jewish friend, Alban Berg, he obstacles which his later works placed before who has run over a child, which is lying dead could expect full understanding. " Today I'm the public. The complete overthrow of in front of his car. He clutches his head in proud to call myself a Jew ; but I know the tonaUty, the absolute emancipation of the dis­ despair, but not to say anything Uke ' My God, difficulties of really being one" (1932). "As sonance constituted a break with centuries-old what have I done ! ' For there is a caption you have doubtless reaUsed, my return to the listening habits, a revolution without precedent saying : ' Sorry, now it is too late to worry— Jewish reUgion took place long ago and is in the history of Western music. As late as take out your policy at the XX Insurance indeed demonstrated in some of my published 1947 Schoenberg writes: " I am quite con­ Company in time.' And these are the people work" (1933). scious of the fact that a full understanding of I'm supposed to teach composition to ! " At his refuge, in Los Angeles, he is busy my works cannot be expected before some But it is the letters to his pupils which decades. ... I know that—success or not—it reveal most strikingly the human warmth of Continued on page 12 is my historic duty to write what my destiny the man. He was a great teacher in the fullest orders me to write." Or, in a lighter vein : sense, a true guide in all matters, who went out " Once, in the army, I was asked if I was really of his way to help his pupils in their careers. the composer Arnold Schoenberg. ' Somebody With his two greatest pupils. Berg and Webern, had to be', I said, ' and nobody else wanted to, he entered into a close friendship ; his letters so I took it on myself.'" Again and again, to them show him at once affectionate and one comes across that proud sense of mission relaxed, and even given to self-criticism. A which caused him not to give up " in the face war-time letter to Erwin Stein, who had of the whole world's resistance ". emigrated to England, is in a similar vein ; As early as 1910 he claims : " For in ten incidentally, it mentions Walter Goehr, another years every talented composer will be writing pupil who had gone to this country, and it this way, regardless of whether he has learnt it includes greetings to Stein's daughter, Marion, directly from me or only from my works." now the Countess of Harewood. Five years later: " You know that I have Schoenberg was deeply rooted in the cul­ scarcely ever taken any account of whether tural traditions of his native Austria and of my works were Uked or not." In 1924 he tells Germany: after 1918 he insisted that the Paul Bekker: " Today I realise that I cannot artists of these countries should have restored be understood, and I am content to make do to them their rightful place on the inter­ with respect." Such respect can only come national scene ; he resented the hostile attitude from " someone who believes in himself and which StiU prevailed in France. Emigration respects himself"—this thought recurs fre­ to the U.S.A. after 1933 took its toll of him ; quently and it is applied to Hindemith, who while it hardly eased his situation versus the had joined Scherchen in organising a Schoen­ pubUc, it forced him, in addition, to accept berg Festival in Frankfurt (Main) in 1924. uncongenial work, such as teaching beginners nt " By doing this he is making a splendid sign —a depressing change from the Master at of a proper attitude to his elders, a sign such Classes he had taken in Berlin under the a as can be made only by a man with a genuine benevolent reign of Leo Kestenberg, then liis- and justifiable sense of his own worth." Music Adviser in the Prussian Ministry of Opponents get no quarter, nor do those who Education. sit on the fence, and even musicians who wish During his stay in Paris, after his dismissal to perform his music incur his wrath if he in 1933, Schoenberg formally returned to Judaism. This was no mere reaction to Nazi • Arnold Schoenbers, Letters. Ed. Erwin Stein, transl. Eithne Wilkins and Ernst Kaiser. Faber and persecution : as early as 1912 he had planned Faber. 63s. his oratorio, "Jacob's Ladder" (never com­ AFIOOB Page 12 AJR INFORMATION August, 1965 Schoenberg's Letters HEDWIG LACHMANN Centenary of Her Birth Continued from page 11 before his death, he declares " that for more "Wie aus dem Schilf die Wasserfee than four decades my dearest wish has been tauchtest du winkend aus der Schar trying to secure the emigration of Jewish to see the establishment of a separate, inde­ der andem um uns zu mir her friends from Nazi territory. He warns one of pendent State of Israel. And indeed more mit deinem langen schwarzen Haar them: " Don't say anything you don't have to than that: to become a citizen of that State und deinem fernen Augenpaar". say about your experiences of the last few and to reside there ". That wish could not be These verses by Richard Dehmel, the great weeks. . . . You know the Nazis take revenge fulfilled, but he bids the Academy to aim high German lyrical poet, were addressed to on relatives and friends still in their power. and gives it his blessing with these magnifi­ Hedwig Lachmann, who was an intimate friend ... I have kept to this strictly ... out of cent words: " Those who issue from such an of his wife, Paula (a sister of Franz consideration for my friends and relatives in institution must be truly priests of art, Oppenheimer). Hedwig Lachmann, born a Germany." approaching art in the same spirit of conse­ Jewess in Stolp (Pomerania) on August 29, In his comment on his " Kol Nidre " (com­ cration as the priest approaches God's altar. 1865, was herself a talented poetess. Dehmel posed in 1938) Schoenberg reveals that he For just as God chose Israel to be the people fell so madly in love with her that he toyed changed the original text because it might be whose task it is to maintain the pure, true. with the idea of a menage a trois, but Hedwig misunderstood. Perhaps he felt the signifi­ Mosaic monotheism despite all persecution, was not the type to agree to such an arrange­ cance for his own case when he wrote : " From despite all affliction, so, too, it is the task of ment. Though she was certainly moved by the very first moment I was convinced . . . Israeli musicians to set the world an example the vigour of Dehmel's affection, which is also that it merely meant that all who had either of the old kind that can make our souls func­ expressed in verses of his cycle, " Aber die voluntarily or under pressure made believe to tion again as they must if mankind is to evolve Liebe," she remained loyal to her friend Paula. accept the Christian faith (and who were any higher." Lieber kein Gliick, nur lauter sein therefore to be excluded from the Jewish Nur keinen Schritt abseits vom Recht community) might, on this Day of Atonement, Nur keine Schuld, lieber kein Gluck ! be reconciled with their God." SCHOENBERG'S "MOSES AND AARON" 0 Gott, ich sturbe, wurd ich schlecht! Later Hedwig Lachmann married Gustav After the war Schoenberg was given the The recent stage production of Schoenberg's Landauer, who was five years her junior. freedom of the city of Vienna. His intention " Moses and Aaron " at Covent Garden—the Their marriage was not only a happy one but to visit Europe was frustrated by ill-health. first in this country—has rightly been treated also proved of mutual benefit. Hedwig's It should be noted that he felt sympathetic as a major musical event by press and pubUc. gentle nature pacified Landauer's restless towards Furtwaengler, who, he maintained, Contrary to predictions, all performances mind, while, on the other hand, his strong per­ could not be accused of Nazism or anti­ were sold out, and an early revival is planned. sonaUty built up her self-confidence. Together semitism. In his admirable introductory note, Egon with her husband she translated Oscar Wilde's In 1951 Schoenberg was elected Honorary Wellesz, himself a Schoenberg pupil, calls " Picture of Dorian Gray " and Rabindranath President of the Israel Academy of Music. the opera " Schoenberg's magnum opus ", even Tagore into German, and these translations In his letter of thanks, written a few months though it has remained unfinished: of the last are unsurpassed in quality. She showed the act, only Schoenberg's libretto exists (printed same masterliness in her German translations in the programme, but not staged without of novels by Balzac, Rosetti, Swinburne, Poe music, as Schoenberg had sanctioned shortly and Verlaine. before his death, nor with music from the When she died at an early age at Krumbach first scene, as in the BerUn production). (Swabia) on February 21, 1918, Fritz Mauth­ The significance of Schoenberg's choice of ner, a close friend of the Landauers, wrote an subject and its treatment can hardly be over­ obituary for her in the " Berliner Tageblatt ". rated. His formal retum to the Jewish faith, He paid tribute to her as a woman who was in 1933, had been preceded by years of a a worthy Ufe companion of Gustav Landauer, spiritual rapprochement, and it was during this who brought the magic of Wilde's " Salome " J. C. Gilbert Ltd. period that he wrote the opera which, as no to the German-speaking world, and who also other great work of music, centres round the elevated all her friends by her noble and tenets of Judaism. The conflict between pure, refined mind. uncompromising monotheism, with its unadul- F. FRIEDLANDER. tarated vision of God. and paganism, including its sublimations, is represented in the conflict AUSCHWITZ TRLVL PLAY between Moses and Aaron and its repercus­ sions upon the people of Israel. In Schoen­ A three-hour play on the Auschwitz trial berg's libretto, the mere historical aspect and extermination camp has been written by remains subordinate ; the essence of the con­ 48-year-old German-born Peter Weiss, the author of the " Marat Sade " play, who emi­ flict is approached from present-day, or rather, grated from Germany in 1934 and now lives in from timeless conceptions. Sweden. To write an opera on such Unes would Production rights of " The Inquiry " will be hardly have been possible outside the German available free of charge for performances on * all German-language stages from October 19. music-drama tradition, to which must be The publishers, Suhrkamp Verlag, of Frank­ added the impact of works like Bach's furt, announced that this unusual step has Passions. Rooted in these traditions, Schoen­ been taken in view of the political importance berg created an apotheosis of Judaism ; the of the subject. The proceeds from stage and fact that he did this in the years immediately radio performances will be paid into a preceding 1933 must tempt the historian to foundation for the support of victims of Nazi recognise this masterpiece as one of the final persecution. great achievements of the German-Jewish Theatres in Berlin, Munich, Stuttgart, symbiosis, without, of course, limiting its Brunswick, Cologne and Essen will stage the importance to this aspect. play and it will also be broadcast in the autumn by West German radio stations. H.W.F. October 19 was chosen as the first night of the Columbia House play because it is the 75th anniversary of the . . and I can tell you opening of the BerUn "Freie Volksbuehne", closed by the Gestapo in the 1930s. The Aldwych "NORWEST " is BEST theatre was run by Erwin Piscator, who first FOR CHAUFFEUR-DRIVEN staged Rolf Hochhuth's play, "The Repre­ London, W.C2 CAR HIRE sentative ".—(J.C.) 'Phone : NEO-NAZIS MERGE Doy and Night HAM. 4150 Cr Day HAM. 4154 The German Society and the German NORWEST CAR HIRE LTD. Freedom Party have formed a new Right-wing 331-5 FINCHLEY RD., N.W.3 party in Northern Germany, known as the •'Actions Committee of Independent Ger­ Your advance bookings welcomed. mans".—(J.C.) AJR INFORMATION August, 1965 Page 13 SIMON BISCHHEIM 80 AWARD FOR MR, H. P. JUDA The Council of the Royal Society of Arts has awarded its Bicentenary Medal for 1965 To pay tribute to Mr. Simon Bischheim on years, his accompUshments as a violinist even to Mr. Hans P. Juda, O.B.E. The medal is the occasion of his SOth birthday on August 11 tempted him to embark on a professional awarded annuaUy to those who " in a manner is the performance of a most pleasant duty. career in this field. When, before the First other than as industrial designers have exerted He is a man who has endeared himself to his World War, he lived in Hamburg for some an exceptional influence in promoting art and colleagues on the AJR Executive as well as years, he was a frequent guest in the house design in British industry ". Mr. Juda was the to an innumerable number of others who know of Otto Klemperer's parents, where "old" founder as well as the editor and publisher him from his activities in Jewish Ufe, his work Mrs. Klemperer would accompany him on the of "The Ambassador", the British export in business or just socially as a tmsted and piano. In an enthusiastic letter home, for­ magazine, from 1935 until 1964, when he helpful friend and a man with widespread tunately still preserved, he describes Mrs. joined the board of Thomson Publications Ltd. interests. His personaUty embodies the best Klemperer's interpretation and adds the Under his leadership and inspiration "The qualities of what was once German Jewry. prophetic words : " Her young son just got Ambassador" has had a profound and far- an appointment as a conductor. People say reaching influence on British industry and Mr. Bischheim was born in Frankfurt that he has inherited his mother's talents." also on the promotion of British overseas trade. (Main), yet that city with its flourishing Jewish community has always meant moje to him In his work for the AJR, Mr. Bischheim is than just his place of birth. Coming from deeply involved in the manifold problems JEWISH CHAPTER a family which had Uved there for many with which we are faced. He would never generations, he is deeply rooted in its Jewish intervene in matters on which he cannot speak Reports in the world press that Pope Paul VI and general cultural traditions. It is this from first-hand experience, and this gives had given instructions for the declaration loyalty to his origin which has impelled him added weight to his sound advice, which is freeing Jews from the charge of deicide to be to do research work on the lives of his ances­ always based on personal knowledge. His withdrawn from the agenda of the forthcoming tors and also to take a leading part in present- unassuming attitude to others, his kindness session of the Ecumenical Council, have day efforts to preserve the knowledge of and his warm heart have resulted in feelings resulted in many denials from authoritative the history and the achievements of Frankfurt of deep affection and respect towards him circles in the Vatican. Cardinal John Heenan, Jewry. At the same time, like so many Jews among his colleagues on the Executive. the Archbishop of Westminster, said he had of Frankfurt, Mr. Bischheim also recognised received no information which would substan­ the opportunities offered abroad and, as a On his birthday, our friend Bischheim may tiate reports about the Pope's alleged instmc­ young man, spent several years in Manchester. look back on a full and successful Ufe. Yet, tions to the co-ordinating commission. Yet, unUke others, he returned to Frank­ he is not a man who Uves in the past. He has At the centenary dinner in London of the furt, built up a textile business and lived been granted good health and he enjoys life, Evelina de Rothschild School, Jemsalem, there until, after 1933, when he and his family full of vigour and blessed with children and Cardinal Heenan gave an assurance that he settled in England. Here, success was again grandchildren. May he continue Uke this for would continue to strive in the Vatican Council granted him and now, living in semi- many years to come ! on behalf of the Jewish people. retirement, he proudly watches the steady In the course of a special audience granted expansion of the enterprise, built up by his AJR CLUB to a group of cardinals, no mention was made sons with his initial help. by the Pope of the declaration on the Jews. Among the subjects he dealt with was what In August the AJR Club will be closed on the Ecumenical Council had accomplished and Among his many outside interests, music Sundays. During the week the opening hours what it was expected to accomplish during its plays a dominant part. During his formative are as usual. forthcoming session in the autumn.—(J.C.)

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GERMAN CITIES REMEMBER JEWS Round and About Nuernberg The fifth volume of the series of mono­ NEW DIRECTOR-GENERAL OF 'JOINT' JEWISH VEGETARIAN SOCIETY graphs on the history and culture of the City Mr. Charles H. Jordan has been named The Annual Dinner of the Jewish Vegetarian of Nuernberg deals with the " Fate of Jewish executive head of the welfare agency of Society was held on Sunday, June 27 at the Fellow-Citizens in Nuernberg, 1815-1845." The " Joint" with the title of Director-General. Royalty Suite of the West End Great Synagogue. first part deals with the eight decades preced­ He succeeds Mr. Moses A. Leavitt, J.D.C. The function was unique in character in that ing the year 1933. Without minimising the it was composed entirely of a vegetarian menu steadily increasing manifestations of anti­ Executive Vice-Chairman. who died recently. catered by a leading West End caterer under semitism (e.g. publication of the " Stuermer ") Mr. Jordan has held leading positions with the the supervision of the Beth Din. The function it carries references to Jewish personalities " Joint " for many years. was attended by over 150 people. The Guest who played a leading part in tlie City's public of Honour was Mr. Geoffrey Rudd, Secretary or Jewish life or who left their mark as bene­ AID PLANNED FOR PERSECUTEES IN of the Vegetarian Society and amongst promi­ nent visitors was Dr. Gordon Latto, President factors, artists, doctors, etc. EASTERN EUROPE of the Jewish Vegetarian Society. Mr. Rudd, The documentation covering the period of who gave an interesting and witty address, the Nazi regime includes a report by Paul The West German section of the inter­ emphasised the great contribution of the Baruch on the deportation of about 1,600 national Pax Christi Movement is planning Jewish people to mankind in all fields of Jewish Nuernberg citizens. to give financial aid to victims of Nazi perse­ human development. He added that the newly cution in Eastern Europe, who have so far not formed Jewish Vegetarian Society was like a Beuel shot in the arm to the whole movement. The received compensation payments because they speakers were introduced by the Chairman, A memorial book has also been published are living in countries which do not maintain Mr. P. Pick, who gave a short introductory by the Municipality of Beuel (Rhine), which, diplomatic relations with West Germany. address. The evening was concluded with in 1932, had 130 Jews among its citizens. The classical music items performed by young time of the publication coincides with the con­ HIDDEN NAZI FUNDS members of the Society. secration of a plaque in memory of "our former Jewish Fellow-Citizens and their Synagogue." At a Press Conference held in Brussels FILM AWARDS The book also carries a list of the family names adopted by the 35 Jewish residents of the President of the " Experts Committee " of The German film, " The House in the Karp­ the International Union of Resistance and fengasse ", which is based on a book about the the town in 1846. Deportee Movements revealed that vast Nazi fate of the Jews of Prague under the Nazis, by Weinheim funds hidden in various countries during the M. Y. Ben-Gavriel, the Israeli author, was last days of the war were, and are still being, awarded five first prizes at the international Under the heading "They Were Our Citi­ film festival in West Berlin. used to support fascist and dictatorial move­ zens—The Jewish Community in Weinheim— The film was the West German film History and Suffering", the Municipality of ments all over the world. They are also being industry's entry for the Cannes Festival but used to pay the costs involved in the defence was rejected on artistic grounds. There had Weinheim an der Bergstrasse published a of Nazi war criminals who are still to be been considerable opposition among certain monograph by Amtmann Daniel Horsch. brought to trial. Government officials and members of the In 1933, it is stated, the town had about 160 Bundestag in Bonn to its showing, and it is Jewish inhabitants. In 1940, 46 Weinheim considered that this influenced the decision Jews were deported to Gurs (Southern RHODESIA of the French film commission. France). The author also deals with several prominent Jews, such as Marx Maier, the The new Rhodesian Parliament has only one SWASTIKAS IN STOCKHOLM Jewish teacher and founder of the local Cham­ white Opposition Member, Dr. Ahrn Palley, ber Music Group, the lawyer. Dr. Moritz a Jew, who was returned in the General The Stockholm public prosecutor has Pfalzer, the pianist Pauline Rothschild, and Election to represent the constituency of ordered legal action to be taken against a the " Volksarzt " Dr. Hausmann. Highfield, Salisbury's biggest African town­ 43-year-old postal clerk accused of illegal In his introduction the Mayor of the town, ship. Five Independents were elected includ­ possession of weapons and ammunition, after Engelbrecht, mentions that as the son of a ing Dr. Palley, the others being three Africans frogmen found a quantity of ammunition and Jewish mother he had been forced in 1933 to and an Indian. Ten African members of the Nazi emblems and swastikas in the river out­ give up his work as a lawyer. Rhodesia Party are also in opposition.—(J.C.) side the Grand Hotel. E.G.L.

FAMILY EVENTS Situations Vacant Situations Wanted WIRELESS WANTED for needy, elderly lady. Box 593. Entries in the column Family Women ELDERLY WIDOW, formerly a Events are free of charge. Texts secretary, reliable, disabled, seeks Personal should be sent in by the 18th of RESIDENT COMPANION-HOUSE­ part-time office work. Box 591. the month. KEEPER needed by lady, aged 83, WIDOW, middle forties, would like South Harrow; small, modern WIDOW, experienced in finishing to share visits to theatre and con­ Birthday house. Write Box 590 or 'phone and in operating a hand knitting certs, country walks with male Hatch End 1622, evenings. machine, seeks suitable homework. companion. Box 582. Schweig.—Dr. Bruno Schweig, 20 Box 592. Muswell Avenue, London, N.IO, Situations Wanted MISSING PERSONS will celebrate his 75th birthday on Accommodation Wanted August 19. Men TWO-ROOM UNFURNISHED self- Inquiries by AJR contained flat, for two people MAN OF 60, former packer/ware­ Brandt.—Mr. and Mrs. Fritz Deatlis wanted in North West London. Brandt, formerly Berlin, timber houseman, good references, seeks Box 584. Rosten.—Mrs. Alice Rosten, nee work for about 6 hours per day, merchant in Berlin-Lichtenberg- Heimann (formerly Rosenstein) of preferably outdoor work e.g., as FURNISHED ROOM with cooking Emigrated August 26, 1939. Last 44 Cricklade Avenue, Streatham messenger, collector, etc. Box 585. facilities wanted for educated known address, 43 Warwick Lodge, Hill, S.W.2. passed away on July gentleman and son of 16. Box 588. Shoot-up Hill, London, N.W.2. 2 in her 76th year. MAN OF 70, reliable, seeks part- time or homework, preferablv Business For Sale Stein.—Mr. and Mrs. Paul Stein, Saciis.—On June 24, Mrs. Lili figure work or addressing envel­ formerly Berlin-Friedrichsfelde. Sachs, of 2 Adamson Road, Swiss opes by hand. Box 586. IMPORT AND WHOLESALE Friedrichsfelderstr. 19, owner of Cottage, N.W.S. Deeply mourned BUSINESS for sale because of ill­ demolition firm. Emigrated to by her family and many friends. QUALIFIED ACCOUNTANT, wide ness. Speciality Continental Hull on August 26, 1939. industrial experience, requires cheeses. ExceUent connections suitable position in London. Box home and abroad. Apply Box 580. BUECHER GESUCHT 589. Buchhandler aus Israel kauft fUr den Miscellaneous THE DORICE Bedarf offentltcher Institute die seit 193j Women ausserhaib Deutschlands in deutscher Continental Cuisine—Licensed Sorache und in Uebersetzungen davon BUSINESS PARTNERSHIP— ERSCHIENENEN VEROEFFENTLICHUN­ GENERAL CLERK/TYPIST, ex­ Capable woman invites partnership GEN Auch Flugblatter. BroschUren ganze 169a Finchley Road, N.W.S JahrgSnge von Zeitschriften und Zeitungen perienced also as a packer (tex­ (male or female) for building up aus dieser Epoche sind erwOnscht. Ebenso tiles) and teamaker, reliable, seeks .joint enterprise (e.g., sandwich (MAI. 6301) alles dokumentarische Original-Material. Angebote erbeten unter Box 583, AJR. part-time or temporary work. Box bar). Investment costs to be 587. shared. Box 581. PARTIES CATERED FOR

h: ='^;M^M AJR INFORMATION August, 1965 Page 15

DR. MAURICIO HOCHSCHILD IN MEMORIAM The mining industrialist Dr. Mauricio Hoch­ schild died in Paris at the age of 84. He was BERNARD M. BARUCH LILLI SACHS born in Biblis (Hessen) and emigrated to Chile in 1911. He founded and developed Mr. Bernard Manes Baruch who died in New With the death of Mrs. Lilli Sachs, founder mining enterprises in Bolivia and several other York in his 95th year was the son of a German of the well-known Boarding House at Swiss South American countries. When the Nazis Jewish immigrant. His father, the physician Cottage, a chapter of our community's history come to power he was helpful to many refugees Dr. Simon Baruch, was born in Schwersenz, has come to a close. For thirty years, hundreds who went to South America. Posen. of Jewish refugees from Central Europe found a home again in the cheerful and protec­ In 1964 Dr. Hochschild was awarded the Mr. Baruch took no active part in Jewish Great German Federal Cross of Merit. afiairs, but he showed on occasion his profound tive atmosphere of the House. In the early concern for the welfare of his fellow Jews. days and during the war, the House was In a speech on behalf of the United Jewish exclusively staffed by Jewish refugees, thus PROFESSOR JONAS FRAENKEL Appeal in 1946 he said that the physical providing for many a working permit and suffering and mental anguish of the refugees livelihood. The historian of literature. Professor Jonas " stirs us to our very depths." Starting with one building, the Boarding Fraenkel who, from 1921 to 1949 taught at House gradually expanded over six houses, and Berne University, died in Switzerland in his MOSES LEAVITT visitors from all over the world poured in for 86th year. His publications included works their London holidays. There were also cele­ on Goethe, Gottfried Keller and Carl Spitteler. Mr. Moses Leavitt, Executive Vice-Chairman brations of residents' golden and silver wed­ of the American Joint Distribution Committee dings, arranged by Mrs. Sachs, the perfect WAR CRIMES which he served for more than 29 years, died hostess. She also organised every year a on June 21 at the age of 71. bridge party, for the benefit of the League of Gestapo Men Gaoled Mr. Leavitt was the Head of the Jewish Jewish Women. Delegation at the Hague Conference in 1952 The personality of Mrs. Sachs, with her Robert Weissman, who was in charge of the which resulted in the German compensation love of music and literature, gave the house Nazi security police office at Zakopane, Poland, payments to the Conference on Jewish Material the atmosphere of old cultural tradition. Now during the first years of the Second World Claims against Germany. He had been the the name of " Boarding House Sachs-Pick" War, was sentenced to seven years' hard labour Treasurer of the Claims Conference and was has disappeared and its founders have left us in Freiburg for complicity in the murder of also elected Treasurer of the newly established for ever. It played an important role as a 111 Jews. His subordinate, Richard Arno Memorial Foundation for Jewish Culture. shelter for elderly Jewish refugees, and the Sehmisch, who took over the office in 1943, names of Lilli Sachs and Bertha Pick will be was sentenced to four-and-a-half years' hard remembered in deepest gratitude. labour for complicity in the murder of 27 DR. OTTO M. WEILER Jews. M. JACOBY. Dr. Otto M. Weiler, who recently died in New York, held a leading administrative post GERHARD FRANKL S.S. Killer in Ludwigshafen until 1933 and was after­ Franz Hofmann, one of the 20 former wards Syndikus of the Federation of Jewish The painter, Gerhard Frankl, died in Vienna Auschwitz camp guards on trial in Frankfurt, Communities in Bavaria. at the age of 64. He came to this country as was charged in Hechingen with complicity in In the United States he embarked on a a refugee and, for many years worked as an the murder of prisoners at two other Nazi business career and was also a Board Member Extra-Mural Lecturer in Art for London concentration camps. of the American Federation of Jews from University. Central Europe. In an appreciation, published in The Times, Described by the prosecution at the Ausch­ Mr. Basil Taylor writes : " A most tragic witz trial as " a killer for whom murder was DR. SALOMON EHRMANN aspect of his premature death is that in the a sport", Hofmann is one of four former S.S. last years his art had come to a new flowering men accused of war crimes at Vaivara-Saka Dr. Salomon Ehrmann, one of the leaders as evidenced by a long series of pictures concentration camp in Estonia and Natzweiler- of the Agudath Yisrael World Organisation, derived from Romanesque sculpture and, more Strutthof in Alsace, now France. The others recently died in Zurich in his 79th year. Prior recently, a remarkable sequence devoted to are Stefan Kruth. Helmut Schnabel and Eugen to his emigration, he lived in Frankfurt/Main the Nazi terror. ... It was characteristic that Wurth. The trial is expected to last over four where he practised as a dental surgeon. he should have waited for nearly 30 years months. He was associated with the Agudath Yisrael before attempting to symbolise the Nazi This is the third trial in which Hofmann Organisation since its foundation in Kattowitz brutality with which he had been so intimately has been accused. In 1961 a Munich court in 1912. In Frankfurt he took an active part acquainted and that then the images should sentenced him to hard labour for life for in the work of several Jewish organisations. have had a quite unhysterical objectivity." crimes committed in Dachau.

Catering with a differeme HARROGATE foods Of all nations for formar or 'THE HOUSE ON THE HILL' ROSEMOUNT Comfortably furnished bed-sitting­ informal occasions—In your own home or any venue. Nursery and Kindergarten 17 Parsifal Rood, N.W.6 rooms for short or long periods. Free consultations—please 'phone HAMpstead 5856 & 8565 Central heating. Meals by arrangement. 5 NETHERHALL GARDENS, N.W.3 THE BOARDING HOUSE WiTH CULTURE A Home for you MRS. M. EGER. Mrs. ILLY LIEBERMAN Prospectus from the Principal, HAM. 1662 Elderly people welcomed Z SPRINGFIELD AVENUE. HARROGATE WEStern 2872 ale SIMAR HOUSE The Exclusive THE CONTINENTAL" AJR CHARITABLE The privofe Continental Hotel Salon de Corseterie 9 Church Road. Southbourne, Bournentouth TRUST ritz 10-12 Herbert Road bar BOURNEMOUTH WEST Mme H. LIEBERG (Bournemouth 48804) These are the ways in which you Tg. 1^ As alwoys, the House with the Facing seo; 2 comfortable lounges, can help : 871 FINCHLEY ROAD, N.W.II home-like atmosphere dining-room (seats 30). TV. 'Phone : SPEedwell 8673 CONTRIBUTIONS UNDER and its beautiful gordens. Central heating, car park, large COVENANT CENTRALLY HEATED garden. Cin lieu of your membership subscription Open the whole year Ready-made and to measure. to the AJR) DIETS on request Newest shades in hosiery. Open oil the year. A Covenant commits the covenanter Within easy reach of Sea and Town Centre for a period of seven years or for his Mrs. MARGOT SMITH EXPERT & QUALIFIED FITTERS Brochure : lifetime, whichever period is shorter. 'Phone: Westbourne 64176 Mr. & Mrs. H. Schreiber. GIFTS IN YOUR LIFETIME A BEQUEST IN YOUR WILL COMFORTABLE HOME Do you want comfort and "HOUSE ARLET" every convenience, Ask for particulars from ; 77 ST. GABRIEL'S ROAD, N.W.2 The Secretary. AIR Charitable Trust. Visitors to London and permanent guests FOR OLD LADIES First-Class Accommodation 8 Fairfax Mansions. London, N.W.S. •re welcomed in my exclusively furnished room with own bath, excellent Continental and cultivated Private Hotel. food. TV, lounge, gardens ? Occasional meals provided. Moderate Terms Central heating throughout. Garden, Mrs. A. WOLFF, Space donated by TV. etc. Good residential district. 68 Shoot-up Hitl, N.W.2 3 Hcmstal Road, N.W.6 TRADE CUTTERS LIMITED. 'Phone: GLA. 4029 Britannia Works. 2S St. Pancras Wav, MRS. LOTTE SCHWARZ 'Phone : GLA. 5838 (MAI. 8521) N.W.1. Page 16 AJR INFORMATION August, 1965 NEWS FROM ISRAEL BONN ENVOY Appointment confirmed DEATH OF MOSHE MINISTER'S ATTACK ON GERMAN SHARETT PEOPLE Mr. Asher Ben-Nathan has been confirmed as Israel's first Ambassador to Bonn. Dr. Rolf Mr. Moshe Sharett, the former Prime During the Ort Congress in Rome, the Israeli Pauls has been accepted as West Germany's Minister and Foreign Minister of Israel, died Minister of Education, Mr. Zalman Aranne, envoy to Israel. in Jerusalem at the age of 70. made an attack on the German people. The Born in Kherson, South Ukraine, in 1894, greatest mistake the Germans could make, For several weeks the Israeli Government Moshe used the family name of Shertok until he said, was to think that the Jews could ever delayed action on Bonn's proposal to send Dr. 1949, when he Hebraised it into a name forget their six million brethren murdered Rolf Pauls to Tel Aviv as the first German indicating " servant". The Shertoks came to by the Nazis. Israel had accepted the repara­ Ambassador. Protests were voiced against the Palestine in 1906 and Moshe learned Arabic as tions agreement and diplomatic relations with acceptance of Dr. Pauls because of his service well as the Arabs' way of life. West Gennany because she had to be realistic, with the German Army, joining the Wehrmacht In 1920 Shertok went to England for five but it was important for Germany to remember in 1934 and by the end of the war in 1945 years to study at the London School of that Jews would not forget what the German being a major on the General Staff. He took Economics and to learn all he could about people had done to the Jewish people. part in the negotiations with Israel for the the institutions and culture of the Mandatory Mr. Aranne also strongly criticised the establishment of diplomatic relations with Power. West Germany and is said by some official Soviet authorities for stifling the national cul­ Israeli sources to "have demonstrated his On returning to Palestine he joined the ture of Russian Jewry. He demanded that friendship for Israel and the Jewish people." Hebrew Labour daily Davar as assistant editor, Russian Jews who wished to emigrate to Israel -(J.C.) becoming editor of its English edition six years should be allowed to do so. later. He was appointed head of the political department of the Jewish Agency in 1933. On NO VISAS REQUIRED the establishment of Israel, he became a mem­ IRAQI RACIALISM ber of the Provisional State Council as Foreign The British Consulate-General in Haifa, act­ United Nations Urges Law Repeal Minister. In 1953 he was Acting Premier ing as the agent in Israel for the West German when Ben-Gurion went on leave, taking office Republic, announced that Israeli citizens will The International League for the Rights of as Prime Minister and forming a new Cabinet no longer need entry visas to visit West Man, in a letter to the Iraqi United Nations in January, 1954, on Ben-Gurion's retirement. Germany for periods of less than three months. delegation, urged the repeal of "a series of He held this office for two years until Ben- laws and regulations applicable specifically Gurion's return as Defence Minister and then AGAINST ARAB CONFERENCE and solely to members of the Jewish faith "• as Premier, when Sharett was again Foreign Referring to a 1963 law requiring Jews inside Minister. This office he resigned from in June, The Organisation of Bavarian Christian and outside Iraq to apply for new identity 1956, to be succeeded by Mrs. Golda Meir. Democrat Students passed a resolution protest­ cards, the letter said the law had been ai>plied After relinquishing office in the Govern­ ing against a conference of Arab student " with great severity and in an arbitrary ment, Sharett's participation in Agency affairs groups in Bonn, at which demands were made manner". Jews unable to retum to Iraq in increased, and he succeeded Dr. Nahum Gold­ for the formation of fighting units among time to obtain their new identity cards had mann as chairman of the Jewish Agency in Arab refugees for the destruction of Israel. lost their nationality and their assets had been 196}, which position he held until the time The Christian Democrat students also asked frozen. Iraqi Jews too, the letter concluded, of his death. He is survived by his widow, the German authorities to take effective action were subject to special restrictive rules as two sons and a daughter. against Arab propagandists in West Germany. far as travel abroad was concemed.

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