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The Second-Order Correction to the Energy and Momentum in Plane Symmetric Gravitational Waves Like Spacetimes
S S symmetry Article The Second-Order Correction to the Energy and Momentum in Plane Symmetric Gravitational Waves Like Spacetimes Mutahir Ali *, Farhad Ali , Abdus Saboor, M. Saad Ghafar and Amir Sultan Khan Department of Mathematics, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat 26000, Pakistan; [email protected] (F.A.); [email protected] (A.S.); [email protected] (M.S.G.); [email protected] (A.S.K.) * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 5 December 2018; Accepted: 22 January 2019; Published: 13 February 2019 Abstract: This research provides second-order approximate Noether symmetries of geodetic Lagrangian of time-conformal plane symmetric spacetime. A time-conformal factor is of the form ee f (t) which perturbs the plane symmetric static spacetime, where e is small a positive parameter that produces perturbation in the spacetime. By considering the perturbation up to second-order in e in plane symmetric spacetime, we find the second order approximate Noether symmetries for the corresponding Lagrangian. Using Noether theorem, the corresponding second order approximate conservation laws are investigated for plane symmetric gravitational waves like spacetimes. This technique tells about the energy content of the gravitational waves. Keywords: Einstein field equations; time conformal spacetime; approximate conservation of energy 1. Introduction Gravitational waves are ripples in the fabric of space-time produced by some of the most violent and energetic processes like colliding black holes or closely orbiting black holes and neutron stars (binary pulsars). These waves travel with the speed of light and depend on their sources [1–5]. The study of these waves provide us useful information about their sources (black holes and neutron stars). -
2005 Annual Report American Physical Society
1 2005 Annual Report American Physical Society APS 20052 APS OFFICERS 2006 APS OFFICERS PRESIDENT: PRESIDENT: Marvin L. Cohen John J. Hopfield University of California, Berkeley Princeton University PRESIDENT ELECT: PRESIDENT ELECT: John N. Bahcall Leo P. Kadanoff Institue for Advanced Study, Princeton University of Chicago VICE PRESIDENT: VICE PRESIDENT: John J. Hopfield Arthur Bienenstock Princeton University Stanford University PAST PRESIDENT: PAST PRESIDENT: Helen R. Quinn Marvin L. Cohen Stanford University, (SLAC) University of California, Berkeley EXECUTIVE OFFICER: EXECUTIVE OFFICER: Judy R. Franz Judy R. Franz University of Alabama, Huntsville University of Alabama, Huntsville TREASURER: TREASURER: Thomas McIlrath Thomas McIlrath University of Maryland (Emeritus) University of Maryland (Emeritus) EDITOR-IN-CHIEF: EDITOR-IN-CHIEF: Martin Blume Martin Blume Brookhaven National Laboratory (Emeritus) Brookhaven National Laboratory (Emeritus) PHOTO CREDITS: Cover (l-r): 1Diffraction patterns of a GaN quantum dot particle—UCLA; Spring-8/Riken, Japan; Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lab, SLAC & UC Davis, Phys. Rev. Lett. 95 085503 (2005) 2TESLA 9-cell 1.3 GHz SRF cavities from ACCEL Corp. in Germany for ILC. (Courtesy Fermilab Visual Media Service 3G0 detector studying strange quarks in the proton—Jefferson Lab 4Sections of a resistive magnet (Florida-Bitter magnet) from NHMFL at Talahassee LETTER FROM THE PRESIDENT APS IN 2005 3 2005 was a very special year for the physics community and the American Physical Society. Declared the World Year of Physics by the United Nations, the year provided a unique opportunity for the international physics community to reach out to the general public while celebrating the centennial of Einstein’s “miraculous year.” The year started with an international Launching Conference in Paris, France that brought together more than 500 students from around the world to interact with leading physicists. -
Science & ROGER PENROSE
Science & ROGER PENROSE Live Webinar - hosted by the Center for Consciousness Studies August 3 – 6, 2021 9:00 am – 12:30 pm (MST-Arizona) each day 4 Online Live Sessions DAY 1 Tuesday August 3, 2021 9:00 am to 12:30 pm MST-Arizona Overview / Black Holes SIR ROGER PENROSE (Nobel Laureate) Oxford University, UK Tuesday August 3, 2021 9:00 am – 10:30 am MST-Arizona Roger Penrose was born, August 8, 1931 in Colchester Essex UK. He earned a 1st class mathematics degree at University College London; a PhD at Cambridge UK, and became assistant lecturer, Bedford College London, Research Fellow St John’s College, Cambridge (now Honorary Fellow), a post-doc at King’s College London, NATO Fellow at Princeton, Syracuse, and Cornell Universities, USA. He also served a 1-year appointment at University of Texas, became a Reader then full Professor at Birkbeck College, London, and Rouse Ball Professor of Mathematics, Oxford University (during which he served several 1/2-year periods as Mathematics Professor at Rice University, Houston, Texas). He is now Emeritus Rouse Ball Professor, Fellow, Wadham College, Oxford (now Emeritus Fellow). He has received many awards and honorary degrees, including knighthood, Fellow of the Royal Society and of the US National Academy of Sciences, the De Morgan Medal of London Mathematical Society, the Copley Medal of the Royal Society, the Wolf Prize in mathematics (shared with Stephen Hawking), the Pomeranchuk Prize (Moscow), and one half of the 2020 Nobel Prize in Physics, the other half shared by Reinhard Genzel and Andrea Ghez. -
Rainer Weiss, Professor of Physics Emeritus and 2017 Nobel Laureate
Giving to the Department of Physics by Erin McGrath RAINER WEISS ’55, PHD ’62 Bryce Vickmark Rai Weiss has established a fellowship in the Physics Department because he is eternally grateful to his advisor, the late Jerrold Zacharias, for all that he did for Rai, so he knows firsthand the importance of supporting graduate students. Rainer Weiss, Professor of Physics Emeritus and 2017 Nobel Laureate. Rainer “Rai” Weiss was born in Berlin, Germany in 1932. His father was a physician and his mother was an actress. His family was forced out of Germany by the Nazis since his father was Jewish and a Communist. Rai, his mother and father fled to Prague, Czecho- slovakia. In 1937 a sister was born in Prague. In 1938, after Chamberlain appeased Hitler by effectively giving him Czechoslovakia, the family was able to obtain visas to enter the United States through the Stix Family in St. Louis, who were giving bond to professional Jewish emigrants. When Rai was 21 years-old, he visited Mrs. Stix and thanked her for what she had done for his family. The family immigrated to New York City. Rai’s father had a hard time passing the medi- cal boards because of his inability to answer multiple choice exams. His mother, who Rai says “held the family together,” worked in a number of retail stores. Through the services of an immigrant relief organization Rai received a scholarship to attend the prestigious Columbia Grammar School. At the end of 1945, when Rai was 13 years old, he became fascinated with electronics and music. -
Directed Searches for Continuous Gravitational Waves from Spinning Neutron Stars in Binary Systems
Directed searches for continuous gravitational waves from spinning neutron stars in binary systems by Grant David Meadors Adissertationsubmittedinpartialfulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Physics) in The University of Michigan 2014 Doctoral Committee: Professor John Keith Riles, Chair Professor Fred C. Adams Professor Nuria Pilar Calvet Research Scientist Herold Richard Gustafson Professor Timothy A. McKay Professor Stephen C. Rand c Grant David Meadors 2014 ⃝ All Rights Reserved To the tree of Life, which took stardust and evolved into us. Pro arbore Vitae, ex nube stellarum ad nos evolvit. ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Thanks should go beyond a simple page. Lest I forget, let me reflect on all the people without whom I would not have made it here. To my parents, Erin O’Rourke- Meadors and Gregory David Meadors, and my brother, Patrick Thomas Meadors. Home’s name follows you; three decades have we explored – beyond seas, roots grow. My dear grandmother, Florenceann O’Rourke (n´ee Williams), supported my undergraduate studies at Reed College. Aunt Nan & Uncle Bud Williams made book- reading & museum-going fond memories. Hanford gave time to learn my family’s wonderful stories. If only my paternal grandparents, ShulerandJeanne(Brown) Meadors, could be here too. Ethan Obie Romero-Severson is ever a devoted friend in adventures & colleague in mathematics: Team Science for fouryearsandcounting! Keith Riles is a dedicated and conscientious adviser: steadyprogressishownew science is born – detecting gravitational waves is a tricky task, and his thoughtful attention to details will be part of what makes it possible. Dick Gustafson introduced me to the field in 2005 and has helped ever since; my only regret working with him is that we never flew the glider, although we nearly won a sailboat regatta. -
MATTERS of GRAVITY, a Newsletter for the Gravity Community, Number 4
MATTERS OF GRAVITY Number 4 Fall 1994 Table of Contents Editorial ................................................... ................... 2 Correspondents ................................................... ............ 2 Gravity news: Report on the APS Topical Group in Gravitation, Beverly Berger ............. 3 Research briefs: Gravitational Microlensing and the Search for Dark Matter: A Personal View, Bohdan Paczynski .......................................... 5 Laboratory Gravity: The G Mystery and Intrinsic Spin Experiments, Riley Newman ............................... 11 LIGO Project update, Stan Whitcomb ....................................... 15 Conference Reports: PASCOS ’94, Peter Saulson .................................................. 16 The Vienna meeting, P. Aichelburg, R. Beig .................................. 19 The Pitt Binary Black Hole Grand Challenge Meeting, Jeff Winicour ......... 20 International Symposium on Experimental Gravitation, Nathiagali, Pakistan, Munawar Karim ....................................... 22 arXiv:gr-qc/9409004v1 2 Sep 1994 10th Pacific Coast Gravity Meeting , Jim Isenberg ........................... 23 Editor: Jorge Pullin Center for Gravitational Physics and Geometry The Pennsylvania State University University Park, PA 16802-6300 Fax: (814)863-9608 Phone (814)863-9597 Internet: [email protected] 1 Editorial The newsletter strides on. I had to perform some pushing around and arm-twisting to get articles for this number. I wish to remind everyone that suggestions and ideas for contributions are especially welcome. The newsletter is growing rather weak on the theoretical side. Keep those suggestions coming! I put together this newsletter mostly on a palmtop computer while travelling, with some contributions arriving the very day of publication (on which, to complicate matters, I was giving a talk at a conference, my email reader crashed and our network went down). One of the contributions is a bit longer than the usual format. Again it is my fault for failing to warn the author in due time. -
Gravitational Waves WARNING!!!!
Gravitational Waves WARNING!!!! ⚫ Terminology is treacherous! ⚫ There are gravitational waves (our topic) and there are gravity waves (a topic for a surfing class). Mix them to your peril. Gravitational waves ⚫ Movie The History ⚫ The history of gravitational waves is rocky. Einstein argued in 1916 that gravitational waves must exist – if the space-time is dynamic, there must be ripples on it. ⚫ Einstein derived the approximate formula for the gravitational waves from two orbiting bodies. ⚫ In 1922 Eddington (that one) argued that gravitational waves were not real and just a mathematical artefact. The History ⚫ In 1936 Einstein wrote a paper with Nathan Rosen reversing his original view; they concluded that all gravitational waves should collapse into black holes. ⚫ The paper was submitted to Physics Review but was returned after the referee pointed out a mistake in it. ⚫ Einstein got berserk in response, writing an angry letter to the editor and promising never to publish in Physics Review again. The History ⚫ Einstein was later persuaded by Infeld of his mistake and corrected the paper. Rosen never conceded. ⚫ In 1957 Richard Feymann (a very famous particle physicist) presented a “sticky bead” argument that convinced most people that gravitational waves are real. The Challenge ⚫ The primary challenge with gravitational waves is that in GR there is no (unambiguous) mathematical expression for its energy. ⚫ Since locally space-time is Minkowski, in the local inertial reference frame the energy of gravitational waves is zero. I.e., that energy is non-local, one cannot claim that the energy of gravitational waves is … at his location, only that the total energy is such and such. -
Highlights of Modern Physics and Astrophysics
Highlights of Modern Physics and Astrophysics How to find the “Top Ten” in Physics & Astrophysics? - List of Nobel Laureates in Physics - Other prizes? Templeton prize, … - Top Citation Rankings of Publication Search Engines - Science News … - ... Nobel Laureates in Physics Year Names Achievement 2020 Sir Roger Penrose "for the discovery that black hole formation is a robust prediction of the general theory of relativity" Reinhard Genzel, Andrea Ghez "for the discovery of a supermassive compact object at the centre of our galaxy" 2019 James Peebles "for theoretical discoveries in physical cosmology" Michel Mayor, Didier Queloz "for the discovery of an exoplanet orbiting a solar-type star" 2018 Arthur Ashkin "for groundbreaking inventions in the field of laser physics", in particular "for the optical tweezers and their application to Gerard Mourou, Donna Strickland biological systems" "for groundbreaking inventions in the field of laser physics", in particular "for their method of generating high-intensity, ultra-short optical pulses" Nobel Laureates in Physics Year Names Achievement 2017 Rainer Weiss "for decisive contributions to the LIGO detector and the Kip Thorne, Barry Barish observation of gravitational waves" 2016 David J. Thouless, "for theoretical discoveries of topological phase transitions F. Duncan M. Haldane, and topological phases of matter" John M. Kosterlitz 2015 Takaaki Kajita, "for the discovery of neutrino oscillations, which shows that Arthur B. MsDonald neutrinos have mass" 2014 Isamu Akasaki, "for the invention of -
Bruce Winstein 1943–2011
Bruce Winstein 1943–2011 A Biographical Memoir by Melvyn J. Shochet and Michael S. Turner ©2016 National Academy of Sciences. Any opinions expressed in this memoir are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Academy of Sciences. BRUCE daRRELL WINSTEIN September 25, 1943–February 28, 2011 Elected to the NAS, 1995 Bruce D. Winstein began his career as an experimental high-energy physicist and became renowned for making the most precise measurements of CP (“charge parity”) violation in the neutral K meson system. His results illu- minated the tiny asymmetry between matter and anti- matter that is essential for the existence of matter in the universe. He was associated with the University of Chicago from 1972 until his death in 2011, first as a senior research associate and finally as the Samuel K. Allison Distinguished Service Professor. Late in his career Winstein became a cosmologist, focusing on the polar- ization of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) radiation. Bringing to cosmology the techniques from By Melvyn J. Shochet high-energy physics, he made highly accurate measure- and Michael S. Turner ments of CMB polarization. Winstein was also instru- mental in establishing the Kavli Institute for Cosmo- logical Physics at the University of Chicago. Outside of physics, he was an avid fan of avant-garde film, twice teaching a course on the films of Michelangelo Antonioni. Early years Bruce was born in Los Angeles, CA, to Saul and Sylvia Winstein. His father was a distinguished physical organic chemist, elected to the National Academy of Sciences in 1955 and a faculty member at UCLA from 1941 until his death in 1969. -
2015 World Science Festival to Comprise More Than 50 Events Over Five Days in Indoor and Outdoor Locations Across New York City, May 27–31
For Immediate Release, May 4, 2015 2015 WORLD SCIENCE FESTIVAL TO COMPRISE MORE THAN 50 EVENTS OVER FIVE DAYS IN INDOOR AND OUTDOOR LOCATIONS ACROSS NEW YORK CITY, MAY 27–31 Nation’s Foremost Science Festival Will Bring the Drama of Scientific Discovery to Everyone, with a Wide Range of Original Programs Including: • Celebrations of the 100th Anniversary of Einstein’s General Theory of Relativity, Including a New Original Work, Light Falls, Featuring Festival Co-Founder Brian Greene, and Created with Composer Jeff Beal (“House of Cards”) and the 2015 Tony-Nominated Team from 59 Productions (An American in Paris); and a Discussion of Relativity Since Einstein, Moderated by Greene and Featuring an All-Star Lineup of Panelists • Opportunities to Hear and Engage with Numerous World-Renowned Scientists, Including NASA Chief Scientist Ellen Stofan, Paleoanthropologist Lee Berger, Nobel-Winning Theoretical Physicist Steven Weinberg, and Physicist and String Theorist Edward Witten, Who Will Deliver the Festival’s Signature “On the Shoulders of Giants” Lecture • Immersive Activities Such as Stargazing (with Music) in Brooklyn Bridge Park, a Catch-and- Release Fish Count in the Waters Surrounding NYC, a Massive Sculptural Installation from NASA Exploring Satellites, Scientific Sails Through New York Harbor, and a Science Street Fair in Washington Square Park • Science and Story: Nature’s Dramas, Featuring Award-Winning Authors Diane Ackerman (The Human Age), Dan Fagin (Toms River), David Quammen (The Chimp and the River), Rebecca Skloot (The Immortal -
Summer 2009 Issue (Pdf)
The Supernetwork Sentinel The Newsletter of the Virtual Center for Supernetworks Summer 2009 Welcome to the Summer 2009 edition of The Supernetwork Sentinel, the newsletter of the Virtual Center for Supernetworks at the Isenberg School of Management, UMass Amherst. The Supernetwork Sentinel is published in Fall, Winter, and Summer editions. Its purpose is to keep you informed of events, activities, and successes of the Virtual Center for Supernetworks, the Center Associates, and the Supernetworks Laboratory for Computation and Visualization. In this newsletter, we include an essay on highlights of recent presentations from Vienna to Rome by the Director. We also give information on a new book, update you on the World Science Festival Traffic Panel – June World Science Festival in NYC, and mark notable 12, 2009 (l-r) Robert Krulwich (ABC and distinctions and awards received by Center NPR), Professor Iain Couzin (Princeton), Associates. In addition, we share news about Professor Anna Nagurney, and Professor exciting upcoming events. As always, we include Mitchell Joachim (Columbia) a list of our recent publications. We wish everyone a wonderful summer! Inside Anna Nagurney Highlights of Recent Presentations John F. Smith Memorial Professor from Vienna to Rome Director – Virtual Center for Supernetworks http://supernet.som.umass.edu New Book – Fragile Networks: Identifying Vulnerabilities and Synergies in an Uncertain World The World Science Festival Reflections on the 2009 Spring UMass Amherst INFORMS Speaker Series Kudos and News Recent Center Publications Professor Anna Nagurney with some of the Participants in the NET2009 Conference in Rome, Italy Contents Copyright © 2009 University of Massachusetts Amherst Hosting of Professor Pentland of MIT 1 Professor Nagurney at Vienna University Professor Nagurney at St. -
Directed Searches for Continuous Gravitational Waves from Spinning Neutron Stars in Binary Systems
Directed searches for continuous gravitational waves from spinning neutron stars in binary systems by Grant David Meadors Adissertationsubmittedinpartialfulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Physics) in The University of Michigan 2014 Doctoral Committee: Professor John Keith Riles, Chair Professor Fred C. Adams Professor Nuria Pilar Calvet Research Scientist Herold Richard Gustafson Professor Timothy A. McKay Professor Stephen C. Rand c Grant David Meadors 2014 ! All Rights Reserved To the tree of Life, which took stardust and evolved into us. Pro arbore Vitae, ex nube stellarum ad nos evolvit. ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Thanks should go beyond a simple page. Lest I forget, let me reflect on all the people without whom I would not have made it here. To my parents, Erin O’Rourke- Meadors and Gregory David Meadors, and my brother, Patrick Thomas Meadors. Home’s name follows you; three decades have we explored – beyond seas, roots grow. My dear grandmother, Florenceann O’Rourke (n´ee Williams), supported my undergraduate studies at Reed College. Aunt Nan & Uncle Bud Williams made book- reading & museum-going fond memories. Hanford gave time to learn my family’s wonderful stories. If only my paternal grandparents, ShulerandJeanne(Brown) Meadors, could be here too. Ethan Obie Romero-Severson is ever a devoted friend in adventures & colleague in mathematics: Team Science for fouryearsandcounting! Keith Riles is a dedicated and conscientious adviser: steadyprogressishownew science is born – detecting gravitational waves is a tricky task, and his thoughtful attention to details will be part of what makes it possible. Dick Gustafson introduced me to the field in 2005 and has helped ever since; my only regret working with him is that we never flew the glider, although we nearly won a sailboat regatta.