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Västsaharakonflikten töljen bredvid den blommiga soffan. Fängelsevistelsen har tärt generation riktar vi endast hatet mot deras regering och vi ser hårt på honom, men mest sorgsen ser han ut då han talar om inte våld som en lösning. Men de västsahariska ungdomarna är sin familj. trötta på att ständigt bli behandlade som om de var mindre – Det var överraskande svårt att se min mor igen, berättar värda och att ingen hjälp kommer från utlandet. Den frustratio- han. Då jag lämnade henne var hon stark, nu är hon mycket nen har lett till något nytt – hat mot marockaner. Sedan ser de svag. Att leva i flyktingläger i öknen är svårt för en gammal på TV hur mycket uppmärksamhet väpnade konflikter får. kvinna. Och då blir det farligt. Efter allt han gått igenom fortsätter Sidi Muhammed Da- TEXT: Per Liljas dach att vara en av förgrundsgestalterna i motståndet på ocku- Foto: CasPer Hedberg /Kontinent perad mark. Senast i december greps han av polisen i samband Raftopriset med en demonstration. Trots allt han genomlevt och att han Sedan 1987 delar Raftostiftelsen varje år ut ett pris till en person eller grupp som gjort en betydande insats för mänskliga rättigheter. inte tror på någon snar lösning, kan han inte tänka sig annat än Stiftelsen är grundad till minne av Thorolf Rafto, norsk professor i en fredlig kamp. Han oroas då han ser ungdomar som vill gå ut ekonomisk historia och förkämpe för mänskliga rättigheter i Sov- i krig. jetunionen. Bland tidigare vinnare märks bland annat Aung San – Marockanerna är också araber, så de är våra bröder. I min Suu Kyi från Burma och Shirin Ebadi från Iran. Västsaharakonflikten • Västsahara är drygt hälften så stort som Sverige och ligger • Marocko och Polisario slutade kriga 1991, då FN ingrep och inklämt mellan Marocko, Algeriet och Mauretanien. inrättade en styrka i landet. Förutom vapenvilan är det • Området har åtminstone sedan 1700-talet bebotts av no- meningen att FN-styrkan ska övervaka en västsaharisk madstammar med blandat arabiskt och afrikanskt ur- folkomröstning om självständighet. Men den har ännu sprung och en egen arabisk dialekt – hassania. inte blivit av. • Mellan 1884 och 1975 var Västsahara en spansk koloni. • En stor orsak till dödläget är Spaniens, Frankrikes och Medan Spanien lämnade landet hjälpte de Marocko och USA: s starka ekonomiska, politiska och militära stöd till Mauretanien att invadera i utbyte mot en andel av landets Marockos regering och diktatoriska kung. rika naturresurser. • Sverige var det enda landet som röstade emot EU: s fiske- • De 150 000 västsaharier som flydde fick slå upp läger i avtal med Marocko 2006. I riksdagen finns en intresse- Algeriet, som länge stridit med Marocko om att vara det grupp för Västsahara med representanter från alla partier ledande nordafrikanska landet. och utrikesminister ,Carl Bildt har uttalat sitt stöd för • Efter att Internationella domstolen i Haag 1975 slagit fast Västsaharas självständighet. att Marocko inte har någon rätt till Västsahara utropades • Eftersom Västsahara aldrig har varit självständigt kallas den västsahariska republiken. Republiken är medlem i det ofta ”Afrikas sista koloni”. Afrikanska Unionen och har erkänts av drygt 80 länder (inget av dem europeiskt). Mer info hittar du på: www.arso.org • Efter ett par års krig mot den västsahariska befrielserörel- www.asvdh.net sen Polisario drog sig Mauretanien tillbaks. Sedan dess har hela Västsahara varit ockuperat av Marocko – den tredje Svenska solidaritetsorganisationer längsta ockupationen i FN: s historia, efter Tibet och Pa- www.natverkstan.se/vastsahara www.vastsahara.org lestina. • Mellan flyktinglägren i Algeriet och ockuperade Västsa- Böcker hara uppförde Marocko under 80-talet en 220 mil lång ”Endgame in Western Sahara”, Tobey Shelley mur, befäst med artilleri och miljontals minor, bevakad av “Västsahara – Afrikas sista koloni”, Lena Thunberg 150 000 soldater. Muren är fyra gånger längre än sin isra- eliska motsvarighet. 24 södra Agadir Tiznit Sidi Ifni Lanzarote Kanarieöarna Marocko Algeriet Teneriffa Tan Tan Fuerteventura Gran Canaria Zag Gomera Tarfaya As-Sakn Al Mahbes Jdiriya Al Ga´da Farciya La Youn Hawza Atlanten Smara Amgala Bir Lahlou Boukra Meharrize Boujdour Tifariti Aridal Mauretanien Galtat Zemmour Chalwa Zbayra Tagarzimat Oum Dreyga En över 200 mil lång mur,* Bir Anzarane befäst och minerad, skiljer de Ad Dakhla Baggari Aargub Mijek 68 procent av Västsaharas yta Imlily som ockuperas av Marocko från de 32 procent som styrs av ”exilregeringen” för Demo- Awsard Zouerate Agailas Aguanit kratiska Västsahariska Repu- Dougaj bliken i Bir Lahlou. Bir Gandouz Techla Huvudstad är La Youn. Zug Guerguerat Bon Lanuar * röd markering på kartan 25 södra.
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