Uganda HIV/AIDS Sero-Behavioural Survey 2004-05 [AIS2]
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Uganda HIV/AIDS Sero-Behavioural Survey 2004-05 UGANDA HIV/AIDS SERO-BEHAVIOURAL SURVEY 2004-2005 Ministry of Health Kampala, Uganda ORC Macro Calverton Maryland, USA March 2006 Ministry of Health This report presents findings from the 2004-05 Uganda HIV/AIDS Sero-Behavioural Survey (UHSBS) carried out by the Ministry of Health. ORC Macro provided financial and technical assistance for the survey through the United States Agency for International Development (USAID)-funded MEASURE DHS programme, which is designed to assist developing countries to collect data on fertility, family planning, maternal and child health, and HIV/AIDS. Financial and technical assistance was also provided by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Financial support was provided by the Government of Uganda, the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID), the U.S. President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief, and the Government of Japan through the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA). Additional support was provided by the Uganda Bureau of Statistics, the World Health Organisation, the AIDS Integrated Model (AIM) project, UNAIDS, Makerere University, the Uganda AIDS Commission, and the Uganda Global Fund for AIDS, TB, and Malaria. The opinions expressed in this report do not necessarily reflect the views of the donor organisations. It is also important to acknowledge the contribution of the office and field staff, district officials, communities, and survey respondents, without whom the survey would not have been possible. Additional information about the survey may be obtained from the Ministry of Health, P.O. Box 7272, Kampala (Telephone: 256.41.340.874 or 256.41.259.669; Fax: 256.41.348.278; E-mail:[email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]). Additional information about the DHS programme may be obtained from MEASURE DHS, ORC Macro, 11785 Beltsville Drive, Suite 300, Calverton, MD 20705, U.S.A. (Telephone: 301.572.0200; Fax: 301.572.0999; E-mail: [email protected]; Internet: www.measuredhs.com. Recommended citation: Ministry of Health (MOH) [Uganda] and ORC Macro. 2006. Uganda HIV/AIDS Sero-behavioural Survey 2004-2005. Calverton, Maryland, USA: Ministry of Health and ORC Macro. CONTENTS TABLES AND FIGURES ................................................................................................................ vii FOREWORD ..................................................................................................................................xi MAP OF UGANDA....................................................................................................................... xii CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background Information.........................................................................................1 1.2 National Policy on HIV/AIDS..................................................................................2 1.3 Objectives of the Survey ........................................................................................3 1.4 Sample Size and Design .........................................................................................4 1.5 Questionnaires.......................................................................................................5 1.6 Biomarkers.............................................................................................................5 1.7 Voucher System for Voluntary Counselling and Testing ..........................................8 1.8 Home-based Counselling and Testing Study...........................................................8 1.9 Training.................................................................................................................9 1.10 Mobilisation and Fieldwork....................................................................................9 1.11 Data Processing......................................................................................................9 1.12 Response Rates ....................................................................................................10 CHAPTER 2 CHARACTERISTICS OF HOUSEHOLDS AND HOUSEHOLD SUPPORT 2.1 Key Findings.........................................................................................................11 2.2 Introduction.........................................................................................................11 2.3 Household Population by Age, Sex, and Residence..............................................12 2.4 Household Composition ......................................................................................12 2.5 Education Attainment of Household Population...................................................13 2.6 Household Characteristics....................................................................................15 2.7 Household Durable Goods ..................................................................................16 2.8 Ownership of Mosquito Nets ...............................................................................17 2.9 Orphanhood and Children’s Living Arrangements ................................................18 2.10 Care and Support for Orphans and Vulnerable Children ......................................19 2.11 Care and Support for Chronically Ill Adults...........................................................21 CHAPTER 3 CHARACTERISTICS OF RESPONDENTS 3.1 Key Findings.........................................................................................................23 3.2 Introduction.........................................................................................................23 3.3 Background Characteristics ..................................................................................23 3.4 Educational Attainment........................................................................................26 3.5 Employment Status ..............................................................................................28 3.6 Marital Status .......................................................................................................28 Contents | iii 3.7 Polygyny..............................................................................................................29 3.8 Respondents Who Have Ever Been Widowed......................................................31 3.9 Age at First Marriage ............................................................................................32 3.10 Characteristics of Couples ....................................................................................33 3.11 Media Exposure of Respondents ..........................................................................33 3.12 Traditional Tattooing and Cutting and Male Circumcision ....................................35 3.13 Contraceptive Use among Women ......................................................................37 3.14 Number of Children Ever Born.............................................................................39 3.15 Birth Registration..................................................................................................40 CHAPTER 4 HIV/AIDS-RELATED KNOWLEDGE 4.1 Key Findings.........................................................................................................43 4.2 Introduction.........................................................................................................43 4.3 Awareness of AIDS...............................................................................................43 4.4 Knowledge of Means of Avoiding AIDS ................................................................44 4.5 Knowledge of Mother-to-Child Transmission........................................................45 4.6 Rejection of Misconceptions about AIDS Transmission.........................................47 4.7 Comprehensive Knowledge about HIV/AIDS........................................................49 4.8 Perceptions about Discordance............................................................................51 CHAPTER 5 ATTITUDES RELATING TO HIVAIDS 5.1 Key Findings.........................................................................................................53 5.2 Introduction.........................................................................................................53 5.3 HIV/AIDS-Related Stigma.....................................................................................53 5.4 Attitudes Towards Negotiating Safer Sex...............................................................56 5.5 Attitudes Towards Educating Youth about Condom Use .......................................58 5.6 Perceived Risk of Getting HIV ..............................................................................58 CHAPTER 6 HIV/AIDS-RELATED BEHAVIOUR 6.1 Key Findings.........................................................................................................61 6.2 Introduction.........................................................................................................61 6.3 Age at First Sexual Intercourse..............................................................................61 6.4 Recent Sexual Activity..........................................................................................62 6.5 Multiple Sexual Partners.......................................................................................63 6.6 Condom Use at Last Sex and Reasons for Non-Use ..............................................66 6.7 Higher-risk